EP1518818A1 - Pneumatically operated balancer - Google Patents

Pneumatically operated balancer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1518818A1
EP1518818A1 EP04022377A EP04022377A EP1518818A1 EP 1518818 A1 EP1518818 A1 EP 1518818A1 EP 04022377 A EP04022377 A EP 04022377A EP 04022377 A EP04022377 A EP 04022377A EP 1518818 A1 EP1518818 A1 EP 1518818A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
compressed air
air balancer
ball screw
tube
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Granted
Application number
EP04022377A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1518818B1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Josef Wallner
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Konecranes Lifting Systems GmbH
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Individual
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/18Power-operated hoists

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Druckbuchbalancer for lifting, holding and lowering a load.
  • a Druck Kunststoffbalancer usually has a rotatable cable drum on, slidably disposed along its axis of rotation is.
  • a rope By turning the rope drum, a rope is unrolled or rolled up, to which the load to be held hangs.
  • the rope drum is arranged in a housing, preferably a Cylinder shell and two front cover covers covers.
  • a gasticianbeaufyerter Housed piston which are axially displaced in the housing can.
  • the gas pressure on the piston increases, causing the piston to move axially is moved. This leads to a rotation of the cable drum, so that the rope is rolled up.
  • the load should be on one Be held high, the gas pressure on the piston and the gravity of the load in a balance of power. Weight Floats or floats on a gas or air cushion. Due to the compressibility of the gas, the load may be out of their Balance position in a certain range from hand to top or be moved down without the gas pressure on the Piston must be readjusted. This facilitates the work when installing and inserting parts in machines as both Hands are free and a balancing of the part to be installed is simply possible.
  • the piston forms a boundary in its one Volume variable chamber into which a pressure medium, preferably Air, can be directed.
  • a pressure medium preferably Air
  • the hanging on the rope Load be kept at a constant level, for example, must also be the axial position of the piston in the housing and thus Also, the volume in the chamber remain constant.
  • a volume constancy over a longer period of time requires a leak-free as possible Sealing the chamber. As critical turns out to be the seal between the piston and its treads.
  • a compressed air balancer in a cylindrical piston in a hollow cylinder displaceable is arranged. Between the piston and the hollow cylinder a sealing ring or piston ring is provided. To one is possible to realize seal that is as leak free as possible Sealing ring under tension and presses against the tread of the Piston.
  • a smooth running of the piston is important to a so-called To keep breakaway torque as small as possible.
  • the piston is moved out of a standstill is due to the difference between sliding friction and static friction an extra moment or extra force necessary to set the piston in motion. Too big a breakaway moment precludes a gentle process of the load from standstill and should therefore be avoided as far as possible.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a To provide compressed air balancers, on the one hand a well-sealed Compressed gas chamber and with a gentle process the hanging on the rope load is possible.
  • the outer tread of the piston is defined by the inner surface of the Tube formed, which fitted as an inner sleeve in the cylinder jacket is.
  • the tube for example, as a carbon fiber tube, as Ceramic tube or glass tube is formed, preferably has a particularly smooth surface on, allowing the friction between Piston and outer tread or between sealing ring and outer tread is very low. This applies equally to Stiction and sliding friction, thereby also the Difference between sliding and static friction, which is the size of the Losbrechmoments significantly influenced, significantly reduced becomes.
  • the concentricity tolerance is of the pipe is less than 0.005 mm. As particularly appropriate it has been proven that the concentricity tolerance is less than 0.001 mm.
  • the gasscherbeaufschlagt from an inner side of the piston ring is between the Tube and piston provided at least one outer piston ring, the gasdruckbeaufschlagt from an inner side of the piston ring is.
  • the piston ring by means of gas pressure pressed against the pipe.
  • the gas pressure used which rests against the piston.
  • the stand Pressure with which the piston ring pressed against the carbon fiber tube is, and the pressure in the chamber, by the piston is limited and is to seal as well as possible, in one certain ratio.
  • the greater the pressure in the chamber the greater the contact pressure of the piston ring and so that the seal between the piston and carbon fiber tube.
  • the ball screw extends between the both side-mounted end covers.
  • the ball screw This makes the two end caps easy brace against each other, eliminating the between the end caps arranged cylinder jacket is fixed.
  • the extending between the two end caps ball screw also grips through the piston and the chamber.
  • an inner piston ring provided from an inner side the piston ring, as with the outer piston ring is possible, gas Kunststoffbeaufschlagt is.
  • the inner and / or outer piston ring may be a substantially Have V-shaped ring cross-section.
  • the ring cross section includes two angularly disposed legs, each one open end and have an end, in which the two legs converge.
  • the open ends are appropriate on side walls a piston groove, while the two converge Leg at the other end to the carbon fiber tube or rest against the ball screw.
  • the ball screw comprises a spiral-shaped ball track, being in one area the ball screw, the inner tread of the piston forms, the ball track is not formed.
  • the inner one Tread of the piston thus has a smooth cylindrical Face up, leaving a spindle cover between pistons and ball screw for a good seal not necessary is.
  • the surface of the ball screw is ground. As a result, a particularly low surface roughness be achieved. Additionally or alternatively, the surface also be rolled.
  • a cable guide housing which has a coaxial with the cable drum arranged guide cylinder and at least having a support ring extending in the radial direction from the guide cylinder to the cylinder jacket of the housing extends.
  • the cable guide housing that both the cable drum as also the sphere of ball screw, the inner tread of the piston, not by dust or other particles Pollute by a rope outlet of the Druckmaschiners can penetrate into the housing from the outside.
  • FIG. 1 shows a compressed air balancer 1 in longitudinal section.
  • the Compressed air balancer 1 comprises a cylinder jacket 2 and laterally mounted end cover 3.
  • a rotatable and slidable along its axis of rotation drum 4 arranged.
  • a ball screw gear consisting of a ball screw 5 and a ball nut 6 is an axial Movement of the piston 7 in a rotation and axial movement the cable drum 4 converted.
  • the piston 7 is limited together with that shown in FIG right end cover 3, a carbon fiber tube 8 and a Part of the ball screw 5, a chamber 9, in which a pressure medium, preferably compressed air, can be passed. Will the Chamber 9 is pressurized with compressed air, the piston 7 is axially postponed. He presses against the cable drum 4 by means of a Axial ball bearing 10, which is a relative rotation between pistons 7 and cable drum 4 permits. Because of the interaction the fixed ball screw 5 and the ball nut 6, the rotatably connected to the cable drum 4, turns through the axial displacement of the cable drum around its own axis.
  • a pressure medium preferably compressed air
  • the carbon fiber tube 8 lies with an outer surface 11 on the cylinder jacket 2 on.
  • An inner surface 12 of the carbon fiber tube forms an outer race of the piston 7.
  • piston 7 Both on an outer side 14 and on an inner side 15 the piston 7 has annular grooves 17 for receiving piston rings 18, 19 on.
  • the cable drum 4 is covered by a cable guide housing 22, which is arranged coaxially to the cable drum 4.
  • the cable guide housing 22 has a guide cylinder 23 and at its End-arranged support rings 24, which for its centering in the cylindrical compressed air balancer 1.
  • Figure 2 shows the Druck Kunststoffbalancer 1 of Figure 1, where now the piston 7 rests against the right end cover 3. Corresponding now has the cable drum 4 another axial position on. In Figure 2 it can be seen that in the ball screw a spiral ball track 25 is formed, this extends only over part of the ball screw 5.
  • Figure 3 shows the Drucklessnessbalancer along the line III-III the figure 1. It can be seen the circular in cross-section Compressed air balancer 1 and the attached bracket 20. Die Holder 20 has a plurality of passage openings 27 for attachment the Druckluftbalancers on a not shown here Suspension on.
  • FIG. 4 shows a part of the piston 7 with the piston rings 18, 19.
  • the piston rings 18, 19 have a substantially V-shaped Ring cross section on.
  • the ring cross-section has two diverging legs 29 on the side walls 30, 31 of the annular grooves 16, 17 abut.
  • At the bases 32, 33 of the annular grooves 16, 17 each opens a channel 34, 35, the the annular grooves 16, 17 connects to the chamber 9.
  • the piston rings against the corresponding Treads pushes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A load lifting device has a compressed air-driven balancing unit. The load is slung from a cable from a drum (4) drive with a cylindrical mantle (2) with an end cover (3). The drum has an air cylinder (8) with a sliding piston moved back and forth by a ball screw drive that converts axial piston (7) motion into axial and rotary movement of the drum (4). The piston interface is defined by cylinder (8) inner surface (12). The cylinder (8) is fitted within the cylinder mantle (2).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckluftbalancer zum Heben, Halten und Senken einer Last.The invention relates to a Druckluftbalancer for lifting, holding and lowering a load.

Ein Druckluftbalancer weist üblicherweise eine drehbare Seiltrommel auf, die entlang ihrer Drehachse verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Durch Drehen der Seiltrommel wird ein Seil abgerollt bzw. aufgerollt, an dem die zu haltende Last hängt. Die Seiltrommel ist in einem Gehäuse angeordnet, das vorzugsweise einen Zylindermantel und zwei stirnseitige Abschlussdeckel umfasst. In dem Gehäuse ist darüber hinaus ein gasdruckbeaufschlagter Kolben untergebracht, der im Gehäuse axial verschoben werden kann. Ein ebenfalls in dem Gehäuse untergebrachtes Kugelgewindegetriebe, das eine Kugelrollspindel und eine Kugelmutter umfasst, wandelt die axiale Bewegung des Kolbens in eine Drehbewegung und Axialbewegung der Seiltrommel um.A Druckluftbalancer usually has a rotatable cable drum on, slidably disposed along its axis of rotation is. By turning the rope drum, a rope is unrolled or rolled up, to which the load to be held hangs. The rope drum is arranged in a housing, preferably a Cylinder shell and two front cover covers covers. In the housing is also a gasdruckbeaufschlagter Housed piston, which are axially displaced in the housing can. An also housed in the housing ball screw gear, which comprises a ball screw and a ball nut, converts the axial movement of the piston into a rotary motion and axial movement of the cable drum around.

Um beispielsweise die an dem Seil hängende Last anzuheben, wird der Gasdruck auf den Kolben erhöht, wodurch der Kolben axial bewegt wird. Dies führt zu einer Drehung der Seiltrommel, so dass das Seil aufgerollt wird. Soll hingegen die Last auf einer Höhe gehalten werden, stehen der Gasdruck auf den Kolben und die Schwerkraft der Last in einem Kräftegleichgewicht. Die Last schwimmt oder schwebt somit auf einem Gas- oder Luftkissen. Aufgrund der Kompressibilität des Gases kann die Last aus ihrer Gleichgewichtslage in einem gewissen Bereich von Hand nach oben oder unten bewegt werden, ohne dass dafür der Gasdruck auf den Kolben neu eingestellt werden muss. Dies erleichtert die Arbeit beim Einbauen und Einlegen von Teilen in Maschinen, da beide Hände frei sind und ein Austarieren des einzubauenden Teils einfach möglich ist.For example, to lift the hanging on the rope load is the gas pressure on the piston increases, causing the piston to move axially is moved. This leads to a rotation of the cable drum, so that the rope is rolled up. On the other hand, the load should be on one Be held high, the gas pressure on the piston and the gravity of the load in a balance of power. Weight Floats or floats on a gas or air cushion. Due to the compressibility of the gas, the load may be out of their Balance position in a certain range from hand to top or be moved down without the gas pressure on the Piston must be readjusted. This facilitates the work when installing and inserting parts in machines as both Hands are free and a balancing of the part to be installed is simply possible.

In dem Gehäuse bildet der Kolben eine Begrenzung einer in ihrem Volumen veränderlichen Kammer, in die ein Druckmedium, vorzugsweise Luft, geleitet werden kann. Soll die an dem Seil hängende Last beispielsweise auf einer konstanten Höhe gehalten werden, muss auch die axiale Position des Kolbens im Gehäuse und damit auch das Volumen in der Kammer konstant bleiben. Eine Volumenkonstanz über längere Zeit erfordert eine möglichst leckagefreie Abdichtung der Kammer. Als kritisch erweist sich dabei die Dichtung zwischen dem Kolben und seinen Laufflächen.In the housing, the piston forms a boundary in its one Volume variable chamber into which a pressure medium, preferably Air, can be directed. Should the hanging on the rope Load be kept at a constant level, for example, must also be the axial position of the piston in the housing and thus Also, the volume in the chamber remain constant. A volume constancy over a longer period of time requires a leak-free as possible Sealing the chamber. As critical turns out to be the seal between the piston and its treads.

Aus der EP 1 136 423 A1 ist ein Druckluftbalancer bekannt, bei dem ein zylinderförmiger Kolben in einem Hohlzylinder verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Zwischen dem Kolben und dem Hohlzylinder ist ein Dichtring oder Kolbenring vorgesehen. Um eine möglichst leckagefreie Dichtung zu realisieren, steht der Dichtring unter Spannung und drückt gegen die Lauffläche des Kolbens.From EP 1 136 423 A1 a compressed air balancer is known, in a cylindrical piston in a hollow cylinder displaceable is arranged. Between the piston and the hollow cylinder a sealing ring or piston ring is provided. To one is possible to realize seal that is as leak free as possible Sealing ring under tension and presses against the tread of the Piston.

Aufgrund des auf die Lauffläche drückenden Dichtrings ist die Bewegung des Kolbens im Gehäuse stark reibungsbehaftet. Eine gute Abdichtung der Kammer und eine gewisse Leichtläufigkeit des Kolbens stehen in einem Spannungsfeld. So wird in der Regel eine gute Abdichtung auf Kosten der Leichtläufigkeit erreicht und umgekehrt.Due to the pressing on the tread sealing ring is the Movement of the piston in the housing heavily frictional. A good sealing of the chamber and a certain smoothness of the piston are in a field of tension. So usually will achieved a good seal at the expense of smoothness and vice versa.

Eine Leichtläufigkeit des Kolbens ist wichtig, um ein sogenanntes Losbrechmoment möglichst klein zu halten. Soll beispielsweise der Kolben aus einem Stillstand heraus bewegt werden, ist aufgrund des Unterschieds zwischen Gleitreibung und Haftreibung ein zusätzliches Moment oder eine zusätzliche Kraft notwendig, den Kolben in Bewegung zu setzen. Ein zu großes Losbrechmoment steht einem sanften Verfahren der Last aus dem Stillstand entgegen und ist folglich möglichst zu vermeiden.A smooth running of the piston is important to a so-called To keep breakaway torque as small as possible. For example the piston is moved out of a standstill is due to the difference between sliding friction and static friction an extra moment or extra force necessary to set the piston in motion. Too big a breakaway moment precludes a gentle process of the load from standstill and should therefore be avoided as far as possible.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Druckluftbalancer bereitzustellen, der einerseits eine gut abgedichtete Druckgaskammer aufweist und mit dem ein sanftes Verfahren der an dem Seil hängenden Last möglich ist.The invention is therefore based on the object, a To provide compressed air balancers, on the one hand a well-sealed Compressed gas chamber and with a gentle process the hanging on the rope load is possible.

Die Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die äußere Lauffläche des Kolbens wird durch die Innenfläche des Rohrs gebildet, das als Innenhülse in den Zylindermantel eingepasst ist. Das Rohr, das beispielsweise als Kohlefaserrohr, als Keramikrohr oder Glasrohr ausgebildet ist, weist vorzugsweise eine besonders glatte Oberfläche auf, so dass die Reibung zwischen Kolben und äußerer Lauffläche bzw. zwischen Dichtring und äußerer Lauffläche sehr gering ist. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für die Haftreibung und die Gleitreibung, wobei dadurch auch die Differenz zwischen Gleit- und Haftreibung, die die Größe des Losbrechmoments maßgeblich beeinflusst, deutlich reduziert wird.The object is achieved with the features of claim 1. The outer tread of the piston is defined by the inner surface of the Tube formed, which fitted as an inner sleeve in the cylinder jacket is. The tube, for example, as a carbon fiber tube, as Ceramic tube or glass tube is formed, preferably has a particularly smooth surface on, allowing the friction between Piston and outer tread or between sealing ring and outer tread is very low. This applies equally to Stiction and sliding friction, thereby also the Difference between sliding and static friction, which is the size of the Losbrechmoments significantly influenced, significantly reduced becomes.

Bei der Herstellung des Druckluftbalancers kann ein Stahlmantel auf Passung ausgedreht und darin das Innenrohr aus einem Material mit besonders guten Oberflächeneigenschaften eingesetzt werden.In the manufacture of the Druckluftbalancers can a steel jacket turned to fit and inside the inner tube of a material used with particularly good surface properties become.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Rundlauftoleranz des Rohrs kleiner als 0,005 mm. Als besonders zweckmäßig hat es sich erwiesen, wenn die Rundlauftoleranz weniger als 0,001 mm beträgt.In a preferred embodiment, the concentricity tolerance is of the pipe is less than 0.005 mm. As particularly appropriate it has been proven that the concentricity tolerance is less than 0.001 mm.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist zwischen dem Rohr und Kolben wenigstens ein äußerer Kolbenring vorgesehen, der von einer Innenseite des Kolbenrings gasdruckbeaufschlagt ist. Dadurch wird der Kolbenring mittels Gasdruck gegen das Rohr gedrückt. Vorzugsweise wird dabei der Gasdruck genutzt, der an dem Kolben anliegt. Somit stehen der Druck, mit dem der Kolbenring gegen das Kohlefaserrohr gedrückt wird, und der Druck in der Kammer, die durch den Kolben begrenzt wird und möglichst gut abzudichten ist, in einem bestimmten Verhältnis. Je größer der Druck in der Kammer, desto größer auch der Anpressdruck des Kolbenrings und damit auch die Abdichtung zwischen Kolben und Kohlefaserrohr.In a preferred embodiment is between the Tube and piston provided at least one outer piston ring, the gasdruckbeaufschlagt from an inner side of the piston ring is. As a result, the piston ring by means of gas pressure pressed against the pipe. Preferably, the gas pressure used, which rests against the piston. Thus, the stand Pressure with which the piston ring pressed against the carbon fiber tube is, and the pressure in the chamber, by the piston is limited and is to seal as well as possible, in one certain ratio. The greater the pressure in the chamber, the greater the contact pressure of the piston ring and so that the seal between the piston and carbon fiber tube.

Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich die Kugelrollspindel zwischen den beiden seitlich angebrachten Abschlussdeckeln. Über die Kugelrollspindel lassen sich dadurch die beiden Abschlussdeckel einfach gegeneinander verspannen, wodurch der zwischen den Abschlussdeckeln angeordnete Zylindermantel fixiert wird. Die sich zwischen den beiden Abschlussdeckeln erstreckende Kugelrollspindel greift auch durch den Kolben und die Kammer.Preferably, the ball screw extends between the both side-mounted end covers. About the ball screw This makes the two end caps easy brace against each other, eliminating the between the end caps arranged cylinder jacket is fixed. The extending between the two end caps ball screw also grips through the piston and the chamber.

Vorzugsweise ist zwischen Kolben und Kugelrollspindel wenigstens ein innerer Kolbenring vorgesehen, der von einer Innenseite des Kolbenrings, wie dies auch bei dem äußeren Kolbenring möglich ist, gasdruckbeaufschlagt ist.Preferably, at least between the piston and the ball screw an inner piston ring provided from an inner side the piston ring, as with the outer piston ring is possible, gasdruckbeaufschlagt is.

Der innere und/oder äußere Kolbenring kann einen im Wesentlichen V-förmigen Ringquerschnitt aufweisen. Der Ringquerschnitt umfasst zwei im Winkel angeordnete Schenkel, die jeweils ein offenes Ende und ein Ende aufweisen, bei dem die beiden Schenkel zusammenlaufen. Die offenen Enden liegen zweckmäßig an Seitenwänden einer Kolbennut an, während die beiden zusammenlaufenden Schenkel am jeweils anderen Ende an dem Kohlefaserrohr bzw. an der Kugelrollspindel anliegen.The inner and / or outer piston ring may be a substantially Have V-shaped ring cross-section. The ring cross section includes two angularly disposed legs, each one open end and have an end, in which the two legs converge. The open ends are appropriate on side walls a piston groove, while the two converge Leg at the other end to the carbon fiber tube or rest against the ball screw.

Um einen Kolbenring von seiner Innenseite mit Gasdruck zu beaufschlagen, weist die Kolbennut an einer Unterseite eine entsprechende Gasdrucköffnung auf. Die Kolbennut und der daran anliegende Kolbenring bilden eine ringförmige Druckkammer, in der der dort herrschende Druck den Ring gegen die entsprechende Lauffläche des Kolbens drückt.To pressurize a piston ring from its inside with gas pressure, has the piston groove on a bottom a corresponding Gas pressure opening on. The piston groove and the adjoining it Piston ring form an annular pressure chamber, in the the pressure prevailing there puts the ring against the corresponding one Tread of the piston presses.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst die Kugelrollspindel eine spiralförmige Kugelrollbahn, wobei in einem Bereich der Kugelrollspindel, der eine innere Lauffläche des Kolbens bildet, die Kugelrollbahn nicht ausgebildet ist. Die innere Lauffläche des Kolbens weist damit eine glatte zylinderförmige Fläche auf, so dass eine Spindelabdeckung zwischen Kolben und Kugelrollspindel für eine gute Abdichtung nicht notwendig ist.In a preferred embodiment, the ball screw comprises a spiral-shaped ball track, being in one area the ball screw, the inner tread of the piston forms, the ball track is not formed. The inner one Tread of the piston thus has a smooth cylindrical Face up, leaving a spindle cover between pistons and ball screw for a good seal not necessary is.

Um auch die innere Lauffläche des Kolbens möglichst reibungsfrei zu halten, ist die Oberfläche der Kugelrollspindel geschliffen. Dadurch kann eine besonders geringe Oberflächenrauigkeit erreicht werden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann die Oberfläche auch gerollt sein.To also the inner running surface of the piston as frictionless as possible To hold, the surface of the ball screw is ground. As a result, a particularly low surface roughness be achieved. Additionally or alternatively, the surface also be rolled.

Vorzugsweise ist ein Seilführungsgehäuse vorgesehen, das einen koaxial zur Seiltrommel angeordneten Führungszylinder und wenigstens einen Stützring aufweist, der sich in radialer Richtung von dem Führungszylinder bis zum Zylindermantel des Gehäuses erstreckt. Zum einen dient das Seilführungsgehäuse der Zentrierung der Seiltrommel in dem Gehäuse und zum Schutz gegen ein Abspringen des Seils von der Seiltrommel. Zum anderen sorgt das Seilführungsgehäuse dafür, dass sowohl die Seiltrommel als auch der Bereich der Kugelrollspindel, der die innere Lauffläche des Kolbens bildet, nicht durch Staub oder sonstige Teilchen verschmutzen, die durch eine Seilaustrittsöffnung des Druckluftbalancers in das Gehäuse von außen eindringen können.Preferably, a cable guide housing is provided which has a coaxial with the cable drum arranged guide cylinder and at least having a support ring extending in the radial direction from the guide cylinder to the cylinder jacket of the housing extends. On the one hand, the cable guide housing of the Centering the cable drum in the housing and for protection against a jumping off of the rope from the rope drum. On the other hand the cable guide housing that both the cable drum as also the sphere of ball screw, the inner tread of the piston, not by dust or other particles Pollute by a rope outlet of the Druckluftbalancers can penetrate into the housing from the outside.

Anhand eines in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels wird die Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Druckluftbalancer im Längsschnitt;
Figur 2
den Druckluftbalancer der Figur 1, wobei ein darin verschiebbarer Kolben eine andere Stellung einnimmt;
Figur 3
eine Ansicht entlang der Linie III-III der Figur; und
Figur 4
den Kolben mit einem Kolbenring im Detail.
Reference to an embodiment shown in the figures, the invention is described in detail. Show it:
FIG. 1
a compressed air balancer in longitudinal section;
FIG. 2
the compressed air balancer of Figure 1, wherein a displaceable piston assumes a different position;
FIG. 3
a view along the line III-III of the figure; and
FIG. 4
the piston with a piston ring in detail.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Druckluftbalancer 1 im Längsschnitt. Der Druckluftbalancer 1 umfasst einen Zylindermantel 2 und seitlich montierte Abschlussdeckel 3. In dem Druckluftbalancer 1 ist eine drehbar und entlang ihrer Drehachse verschiebbare Seiltrommel 4 angeordnet. Über ein Kugelgewindegetriebe, bestehend aus einer Kugelrollspindel 5 und einer Kugelmutter 6 wird eine axiale Bewegung des Kolbens 7 in eine Drehung und axiale Bewegung der Seiltrommel 4 umgewandelt.FIG. 1 shows a compressed air balancer 1 in longitudinal section. Of the Compressed air balancer 1 comprises a cylinder jacket 2 and laterally mounted end cover 3. In the compressed air balancer 1 is a rotatable and slidable along its axis of rotation drum 4 arranged. About a ball screw gear consisting of a ball screw 5 and a ball nut 6 is an axial Movement of the piston 7 in a rotation and axial movement the cable drum 4 converted.

Der Kolben 7 begrenzt zusammen mit dem in Figur 1 gezeigten rechten Abschlussdeckel 3, einem Kohlefaserrohr 8 und einem Teil der Kugelrollspindel 5 eine Kammer 9, in die ein Druckmedium, vorzugsweise Druckluft, geleitet werden kann. Wird die Kammer 9 mit Druckluft beaufschlagt, wird der Kolben 7 axial verschoben. Dabei drückt er gegen die Seiltrommel 4 mittels eines Axialkugellager 10, das eine relative Drehung zwischen Kolben 7 und Seiltrommel 4 zulässt. Aufgrund des Zusammenwirkens der feststehenden Kugelrollspindel 5 und der Kugelmutter 6, die drehfest mit der Seiltrommel 4 verbunden ist, dreht sich durch die axiale Verschiebung die Seiltrommel um ihre eigene Achse.The piston 7 is limited together with that shown in FIG right end cover 3, a carbon fiber tube 8 and a Part of the ball screw 5, a chamber 9, in which a pressure medium, preferably compressed air, can be passed. Will the Chamber 9 is pressurized with compressed air, the piston 7 is axially postponed. He presses against the cable drum 4 by means of a Axial ball bearing 10, which is a relative rotation between pistons 7 and cable drum 4 permits. Because of the interaction the fixed ball screw 5 and the ball nut 6, the rotatably connected to the cable drum 4, turns through the axial displacement of the cable drum around its own axis.

Das Kohlefaserrohr 8 liegt mit einer Außenfläche 11 an dem Zylindermantel 2 an. Eine Innenfläche 12 des Kohlefaserrohrs bildet eine äußere Lauffläche des Kolbens 7. Durch den Kolben 7 und die Kammer 9 greift die sich zwischen den beiden Abschlussdeckeln 3 erstreckende Kugelrollspindel 5, wobei diese eine innere Lauffläche 13 für den ringförmigen Kolben 7 bildet. The carbon fiber tube 8 lies with an outer surface 11 on the cylinder jacket 2 on. An inner surface 12 of the carbon fiber tube forms an outer race of the piston 7. By the piston. 7 and the chamber 9 engages between the two end caps 3 extending ball screw 5, which is an inner Tread 13 for the annular piston 7 forms.

Sowohl an einer Außenseite 14 als auch an einer Innenseite 15 weist der Kolben 7 ringförmige Nuten 17 zur Aufnahme von Kolbenringen 18, 19 auf.Both on an outer side 14 and on an inner side 15 the piston 7 has annular grooves 17 for receiving piston rings 18, 19 on.

Um den Druckluftbalancer 1 in eine Führungsschiene oder dergleichen einzuhängen, ist eine Halterung 20 im oberen Bereich des Druckluftbalancers 1 vorgesehen. Im unteren Bereich des Druckluftbalancers ist eine Seilaustrittsöffnung 21 angeordnet.To the compressed air balancer 1 in a guide rail or the like to hang, is a holder 20 in the upper area provided the Druckluftbalancers 1. At the bottom of the Druckluftbalancers a cable outlet opening 21 is arranged.

Die Seiltrommel 4 wird durch ein Seilführungsgehäuse 22 abgedeckt, das zur Seiltrommel 4 koaxial angeordnet ist. Das Seilführungsgehäuse 22 weist einen Führungszylinder 23 und an seinen Enden angeordnete Stützringe 24 auf, die für seine Zentrierung im zylinderförmigen Druckluftbalancer 1 sorgen.The cable drum 4 is covered by a cable guide housing 22, which is arranged coaxially to the cable drum 4. The cable guide housing 22 has a guide cylinder 23 and at its End-arranged support rings 24, which for its centering in the cylindrical compressed air balancer 1.

Figur 2 zeigt den Druckluftbalancer 1 der Figur 1, wobei nun der Kolben 7 an dem rechten Abschlussdeckel 3 anliegt. Entsprechend weist nun auch die Seiltrommel 4 eine andere axiale Position auf. In Figur 2 ist zu erkennen, dass in der Kugelrollspindel eine spiralförmige Kugelrollbahn 25 ausgebildet ist, wobei sich diese nur über einen Teil der Kugelrollspindel 5 erstreckt.Figure 2 shows the Druckluftbalancer 1 of Figure 1, where now the piston 7 rests against the right end cover 3. Corresponding now has the cable drum 4 another axial position on. In Figure 2 it can be seen that in the ball screw a spiral ball track 25 is formed, this extends only over part of the ball screw 5.

In der in Figur 2 gezeigten Position des Kolbens 7 bzw. der Seiltrommel 4 ist ein Seil 26 maximal abgerollt. Wird nun Druckluft in die Kammer 9 geleitet, drückt der Kolben 7 die Seiltrommel 4 vor sich her, die mittels des Kugelgewindegetriebes rotiert und das Seil 26 aufrollt. Der Abstand zweier benachbarter Nuten 27 der Seiltrommel 4 entspricht exakt dem Kolbenweg bei einer Drehung der Seiltrommel 4. Hierdurch tritt das Seil 26 immer an der gleichen Stelle aus dem Druckluftbalancer heraus.In the position shown in Figure 2 of the piston 7 and the Cable drum 4 is a rope 26 maximum unrolled. Will now Compressed air fed into the chamber 9, the piston 7 presses the Cable drum 4 in front of him, by means of ball screw drive rotates and the rope 26 rolls up. The distance between two adjacent Grooves 27 of the cable drum 4 corresponds exactly to the piston travel upon rotation of the cable drum 4. This occurs Rope 26 always in the same place from the Druckluftbalancer out.

Figur 3 zeigt den Druckluftbalancer entlang der Linie III-III der Figur 1. Zu erkennen ist der im Querschnitt kreisförmige Druckluftbalancer 1 und die daran befestigte Halterung 20. Die Halterung 20 weist mehrere Durchtrittsöffnungen 27 zur Befestigung des Druckluftbalancers an einer hier nicht dargestellten Aufhängung auf.Figure 3 shows the Druckluftbalancer along the line III-III the figure 1. It can be seen the circular in cross-section Compressed air balancer 1 and the attached bracket 20. Die Holder 20 has a plurality of passage openings 27 for attachment the Druckluftbalancers on a not shown here Suspension on.

Figur 4 zeigt einen Teil des Kolbens 7 mit den Kolbenringen 18, 19. Die Kolbenringe 18, 19 weisen einen im Wesentlichen V-förmigen Ringquerschnitt auf. Der Ringquerschnitt weist zwei auseinanderlaufende Schenkel 29 auf, die an seitlichen Wänden 30, 31 der Ringnuten 16, 17 anliegen. An den Grundflächen 32, 33 der Ringnuten 16, 17 mündet jeweils ein Kanal 34, 35, der die Ringnuten 16, 17 mit der Kammer 9 verbindet. Somit wirkt auf einer jeweiligen Innenseite der Kolbenringe 18, 19 der Druck der Kammer 9, der die Kolbenringe gegen die entsprechenden Laufflächen drückt. FIG. 4 shows a part of the piston 7 with the piston rings 18, 19. The piston rings 18, 19 have a substantially V-shaped Ring cross section on. The ring cross-section has two diverging legs 29 on the side walls 30, 31 of the annular grooves 16, 17 abut. At the bases 32, 33 of the annular grooves 16, 17 each opens a channel 34, 35, the the annular grooves 16, 17 connects to the chamber 9. Thus acts on a respective inner side of the piston rings 18, 19 of the Pressure of the chamber 9, the piston rings against the corresponding Treads pushes.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
DruckluftbalancerDruckluftbalancer
22
Zylindermantelcylinder surface
33
AbschlussdeckelEnd cover
44
Seiltrommelcable drum
55
KugelrollspindelBallscrew
66
Kugelmutterball nut
77
Kolbenpiston
88th
KohlefaserrohrKohlefaserrohr
99
Kammerchamber
1010
AxialkugellagerAxialkugellager
1111
Außenflächeouter surface
1212
Innenflächepalm
1313
Innere LaufflächeInner tread
1414
Außenseiteoutside
1515
Innenseiteinside
1616
Kolbenringnutpiston ring
1717
Kolbenringnutpiston ring
1818
Kolbenringpiston ring
1919
Kolbenringpiston ring
2020
Halterungbracket
2121
SeilaustrittsöffnungCable outlet opening
2222
Seilführungsgehäuse Cable guide housing
2323
Führungszylinderguide cylinder
2424
Stützringsupport ring
2525
KugelrollbahnMarble track
2626
Seilrope
2727
Nutgroove
2828
DurchtrittsöffnungThrough opening
2929
Schenkelleg
3030
SeitenwandSide wall
3131
SeitenwandSide wall
3232
Grundseitebase side
3333
Grundseitebase side
3434
Kanalchannel
3535
Kanalchannel

Claims (11)

Druckluftbalancer (1) zum Heben, Halten und Senken einer Last, mit einer drehbaren und entlang ihrer Drehachse verschiebbaren Seiltrommel (4) zum Auf- und Abrollen eines die Last haltenden Seiles, einem Gehäuse, das vorzugsweise einen Zylindermantel (2) und zwei stirnseitige Abschlussdeckel (3) umfasst, einen gasdruckbeaufschlagten Kolben (7), der im Gehäuse axial verschiebbar ist; und einem Kugelgewindegetriebe, das eine Kugelrollspindel (5) und eine Kugelmutter (6) umfasst und die eine axiale Bewegung des Kolbens (7) in eine Drehbewegung und axiale Bewegung der Seiltrommel (4) umwandelt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine äußere Lauffläche des Kolbens (7) durch eine Innenfläche (12) eines Rohrs (8) gebildet wird, das als Innenhülse in den Zylindermantel (2) eingepasst ist.Compressed air balancer (1) for lifting, holding and lowering a load, with a rotatable cable drum (4) displaceable along its axis of rotation for winding and unwinding a cable holding the load, a housing, which preferably comprises a cylinder jacket (2) and two front end covers (3), a gas-pressure-charged piston (7) which is axially displaceable in the housing; and a ball screw transmission comprising a ball screw (5) and a ball nut (6) and converting axial movement of the piston (7) into rotational movement and axial movement of the cable drum (4), characterized in that an outer raceway of the piston (7) is formed by an inner surface (12) of a tube (8) which is fitted as an inner sleeve in the cylinder jacket (2). Druckluftbalancer (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr (8) vorzugsweise als Kohlefaserrohr (8), Glasrohr oder Keramikrohr ausgebildet ist. Compressed air balancer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube (8) is preferably formed as a carbon fiber tube (8), glass tube or ceramic tube. Druckluftbalancer (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr (8) eine Rundlauftoleranz kleiner als 0,005 mm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 0,001 mm aufweist.Compressed air balancer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tube (8) has a concentricity tolerance of less than 0.005 mm, preferably less than 0.001 mm. Druckluftbalancer (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Rohr (8) und Kolben (7) wenigstens ein äußerer Kolbenring (18) vorgesehen ist, der von einer Innenseite des Kolbenrings (18) gasdruckbeaufschlagt ist.Compressed air balancer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that between tube (8) and piston (7) at least one outer piston ring (18) is provided which is gasdruckbeaufschlagt from an inner side of the piston ring (18). Druckluftbalancer (1) einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Kugelrollspindel (5) zwischen den beiden Abschlussdeckeln (3) erstreckt.Compressed air balancer (1) one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ball screw (5) extends between the two end caps (3). Druckluftbalancer (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Kolben (7) und Kugelrollspindel (5) wenigstens ein innerer Kolbenring (19) vorgesehen ist, der von eine Innenseite des Kolbenrings (19) gasdruckbeaufschlagt ist.Compressed air balancer (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that between piston (7) and ball screw (5) at least one inner piston ring (19) is provided which is gasdruckbeaufschlagt from an inner side of the piston ring (19). Druckluftbalancer (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der innere und/oder äußere Kolbenring (18, 19) einen im Wesentlichen V-förmigen Ringquerschnitt aufweist.Compressed air balancer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inner and / or outer piston ring (18, 19) has a substantially V-shaped annular cross-section. Druckluftbalancer (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kugelrollspindel (5) eine spiralförmige Kugelrollbahn (25) umfasst, wobei in einem Bereich der Kugelrollspindel, der eine innere Lauffläche (13) des Kolbens (7) bildet, die Kugelrollbahn (25) nicht ausgebildet ist.Compressed air balancer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ball screw (5) comprises a spiral ball roller track (25), wherein in an area of the ball screw, which forms an inner running surface (13) of the piston (7), the ball track (25) is not formed. Druckluftbalancer (1) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche der inneren Lauffläche (13) geschliffen ist.Compressed air balancer (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the surface of the inner running surface (13) is ground. Druckluftbalancer (1) nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche der inneren Lauffläche (13) gerollt ist.Compressed air balancer (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the surface of the inner running surface (13) is rolled. Druckluftbalancer (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Seilführungsgehäuse (22) vorgesehen ist, dass einen koaxial zur Seiltrommel (4) angeordneten Führungszylinder (23) und wenigstens einen Stützring (24) aufweist, der sich in radialer Richtung von dem Führungszylinder (23) bis zum Zylindermantel (2) des Gehäuses erstreckt.Compressed air balancer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a cable guide housing (22) is provided, which has a coaxially to the cable drum (4) arranged guide cylinder (23) and at least one support ring (24) extending in the radial Direction extends from the guide cylinder (23) to the cylinder jacket (2) of the housing.
EP04022377A 2003-09-23 2004-09-21 Pneumatically operated balancer Expired - Lifetime EP1518818B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10344245 2003-09-23
DE10344245A DE10344245B4 (en) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Druckluftbalancer

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EP1518818A1 true EP1518818A1 (en) 2005-03-30
EP1518818B1 EP1518818B1 (en) 2011-06-01

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US (1) US7134644B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1518818B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE511492T1 (en)
DE (1) DE10344245B4 (en)

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US7798472B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2010-09-21 Tri-Motion Industries, Inc. Load balancing hoist
US8613683B2 (en) * 2009-04-15 2013-12-24 Srinivas R. Bidare Pneumato-mechanical regenerative power source
US10059573B2 (en) 2014-05-05 2018-08-28 Tri-Motion Industries, Inc. Double movable pulley load balancing hoist
US10843910B2 (en) 2017-09-13 2020-11-24 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Electric powered pneumatic balancer
CN112062036B (en) * 2019-06-10 2022-05-03 杭州海康机器人技术有限公司 Lifting device
CN110980568B (en) * 2019-12-12 2021-07-30 浙江兴岛机械股份有限公司 Pneumatic balance hangs cylinder mechanism
CN112429662B (en) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-31 深圳市高捷力科技有限公司 Intelligent pneumatic balance hangs
US20240416506A1 (en) * 2023-06-16 2024-12-19 Contoro Inc. Remotely actuated rotary actuator with torque multiplication

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE511492T1 (en) 2011-06-15
US7134644B2 (en) 2006-11-14
US20050120713A1 (en) 2005-06-09
DE10344245A1 (en) 2005-05-04
EP1518818B1 (en) 2011-06-01
DE10344245B4 (en) 2006-07-06

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