EP1517197B1 - Escapement for a watch - Google Patents

Escapement for a watch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1517197B1
EP1517197B1 EP03405689A EP03405689A EP1517197B1 EP 1517197 B1 EP1517197 B1 EP 1517197B1 EP 03405689 A EP03405689 A EP 03405689A EP 03405689 A EP03405689 A EP 03405689A EP 1517197 B1 EP1517197 B1 EP 1517197B1
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Prior art keywords
wheel
escapement
pallet
impulse
aligned
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EP03405689A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1517197A1 (en
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Paul Gerber
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT03405689T priority Critical patent/ATE360232T1/en
Priority to DE50307083T priority patent/DE50307083D1/en
Priority to EP03405689A priority patent/EP1517197B1/en
Publication of EP1517197A1 publication Critical patent/EP1517197A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with watchmaking, in particular with a watch mechanism known as escapement.
  • the purpose of the escapement is to maintain and count the oscillations of the clock (or the pendulum) of a watch, receiving the energy emitted by the barrel at the wheel and periodically releasing subsets of this drive energy to reduce the friction caused by the regulator to refund lost energy.
  • the inhibition is a distribution organ.
  • the various mechanisms of inhibition have been treated in numerous publications, with reference to the work "Theory de I'horlogerie * by Reymondin et al, Fédération des ijks Techniques, 1998, ISBN 2-940025-1-X, pages 99 to 128 can be referenced.
  • the anchor contains an input and an output pallet as well as a pulse finger.
  • the escape wheel has two different sizes, directly superimposed gears.
  • the anchor pallets span a slightly larger angle than the pitch angle of the escape wheel.
  • the pallets and the impulse finger work respectively with the large resp. the small gearing together.
  • the main part of the drive pulse is provided by the action of the small toothing on the pulse finger. All other functions are fulfilled by the interaction between pallets and large toothing.
  • the pallet currently engaged receives a slight impulse from the large gearing.
  • the balance during a full oscillation in the course of the first half oscillation receives a double impulse, respectively partly emitted by one and then by the other teeth.
  • a pulse of weak intensity which is caused exclusively by the large gearing.
  • the object of the present invention is the description or presentation of a solution proposal for a lost half-oscillation inhibition, without the disadvantages listed above.
  • the invention relates to an escapement for a movement according to the claims.
  • the present invention finds application in mechanical watches.
  • the elements commonly required for the functioning of such a watch which are well known to those skilled in the art, will not be described here.
  • the inhibition receives the energy from the drive member via the gear train and to the Regulierorgan, i. redistributed to the balance.
  • FIG 1 a part of the balance 8 with an axis 12, an armature 22 and an escape wheel 48 are shown.
  • a double roller 10 is pressed, which is formed by a small roller 14 and a large roller 16, which are both concentric with the balance shaft 12.
  • the roller 14 is with a notch 18, respectively.
  • the roller 16 equipped with a control pin 20 which are radially aligned with the axis 12.
  • the armature 22 is pivotally mounted about the axis 24 and consists of an anchor rod 26, an input arm 28 and an output arm 30, both converging at the shaft 24.
  • the arms 28 and 30 each carry a preferably made of ruby range, or an input palette 32 respectively.
  • the free end of the anchor rod 26 has the shape of a with two horns 38, 40 and a safety pin 42 equipped Fork 36, which cooperates in a known manner with the double roller 10.
  • the armature 22 is provided with a third arm 44, which is superimposed on the two other arms and has one end fixed to the shaft 24 and the other end carrying a pulse pallet 46.
  • the pulse arm 44 is, viewed globally, arranged transversely to the arms 28 and 30.
  • the escape wheel 48 is connected to an axle 50 and consists of a large wheel 52 and a fixedly connected thereto small wheel 54 and a drive 56. These two wheels are spiked, as in an English anchor escapement, and each have 15 teeth.
  • the arranged on the shaft 50 Hemmungstrieb 56 establishes the kinematic connection to the gear train, not shown.
  • the two wheels 52 and 54 are riveted to the drive 56 and positioned equal to each other.
  • limit stops 58 and 60 which, as their name implies, limit the deflection of the armature 22 on both sides. These can be implemented as pins pressed into the work plate or as side walls incorporated directly into the work plate or into the anchor bridge.
  • the described inhibition is of the half-lost type. This means that the balance in a first, so-called dead half oscillation tilts the anchor so that the large wheel 52 passes without impulse from the stop on the input pallet 32 to stop at the output pallet 34. In a second, so-called active half cycle, the balance causes the large wheel 52 to come off the output pallet 34, and the small wheel 54 gives the pallet 46 an impulse. Let's take a closer look at the relative positions and dimensions of these different elements. First, the axes of the balance 12 and the armature 24 are aligned and form a so-called center line. In the example shown, the axis 50 of the ratchet wheel 48 is aligned with the center line, but it can be offset. In this second arrangement, a so-called secondary inhibition is used, which has the advantage that the armature is brought into equilibrium with respect to its axis
  • the interaction between the fork 36 and the double roller 10 is similar to the Swiss lever escapement.
  • the control pin 20 cooperates with the horns 38 and 40 and the safety pin 42, which strikes against the roller in a shock, changes thanks to the notch 18 of the small roller 14 from one side to the other.
  • the input pallet 32 and the output pallet 34 are arranged such that they cooperate in the common mode of the balance oscillations alternately with the teeth of the large escapement wheel 52.
  • the pallets 32 and 34 comprise a slightly larger angle than that measured over three wheel pitches.
  • the pulse pallet 46 cooperates with the teeth of the small escapement wheel 54.
  • the outside AC of the input pallet 32 has a resting beam AB and a triggering arc BC. If a line is drawn at right angles to the rest plane AB through the point at which the side surface AC comes into contact with the wheel 52, this line intersects the center line passing over the armature axis 22 and the balance axis 12 such that a tensile torque is generated which acts thereon to keep the anchor rod 26 supported on the stop 58.
  • the arc BC has a curvature concentric with the path of movement of the pallet and a center angle of typically twelve degrees, which corresponds to the angle of impulse ⁇ of the angle shown in Figure 2, so that the return of the escape wheel is limited to the start of the release.
  • the entrance pallet runs out to a point at the point C called a triggering beak.
  • the the inside the top of the pallet 32 forming level CD is aligned with the axis of the armature 24 out and thus never comes into contact with the teeth of the large escapement wheel 52.
  • the output pallet 34 has a rest plane EF, against which the teeth of the large escape wheel 52 come to rest. If a line is drawn at right angles to the rest plane EF through the point at which the side surface AC comes into contact with the wheel 52, this line intersects the center line passing over the armature axis 22 and the axis 50 of the escapement wheel 48 such that a tensile moment is created. which acts to keep the anchor rod 26 supported on the stopper 60.
  • the pallet 34 exits to a trigger beak-forming tip at point F.
  • the plane FG forms an acute angle with the rest plane EF, so that the teeth of the large escape wheel 52 never come into contact therewith.
  • the pulse palette 46 has a pulse plane Hl at which the teeth of the small escapement wheel 54 come to rest.
  • the pallet 46 exits to a peak forming its impulse beak at point I.
  • the plane IJ forms with the pulse plane Hl an acute angle, so that the teeth of the small escapement wheel 54 never come into contact with it.
  • the double roller 10 rotates in the direction of the arrow 62, the safety pin 20 is about to come into contact with the horn 40.
  • a tooth 52b of the large escapement wheel 52 is supported on the resting plane AB.
  • the control pin of the roller 20 is supported on the horn 40 and the armature 22 is pivoted.
  • the input pallet 32 is released from its engagement with the tooth 52b initially by sliding out of the plane AB, with a slight return of the escape wheel 48, and then the plane BC, through whose particular shape described above any retrace during this phase of movement is avoidable.
  • the tooth 52b reaches the pallet tip C, due to the special shape of the plane CD, there is no impulse on the input pallet.
  • the escapement wheel 48 falls directly or continues to rotate freely until a tooth 52e removed by three teeth from the tooth 52b comes into contact with the outlet pallet 34.
  • the angle which the escape wheel 48 passes between initiation of initiation and its stalling through the exit pallet is called the fall angle and is on the order of three degrees.
  • the armature 22 remains motionless and the escape wheel 48 is locked by its support on the output pallet 34. During this time, the balance and the double roller 10 go through an additional, ascending arc until the end of their half-oscillation, whereupon they approach a descending arc or the resting phase which initiates the next half-oscillation.
  • the roller-side control pin 20 then comes in contact with the horn 38 and causes the pivoting of the armature 22 in the direction indicated by the arrow 64 of Figure 2 direction, whereby first a slight return of the escape wheel 48 and then the release of the tooth 52e through the output pallet 34th caused. Released wheel 48 continues to rotate clockwise.
  • a tooth 54a of the small escapement wheel 54 then comes in contact with the plane Hl of the pulse pallet 46. It begins the impulse phase, wherein the escapement wheel 48 energizes the balance to its vibration maintained, via the armature 22 and in particular the horn 40, which cooperates with the control pin 20. Particularly advantageous is the orientation of the pulse plane Hl of the pallet 46 with the center line given at the moment of the start of the pulse.
  • the escapement wheel 48 continues to rotate causing the pulse pallet 46 to actuate, and continues to rotate freely until a tooth 52a spaced four teeth from the tooth 52e contacts the resting plane AB of the input track 32.
  • the armature 22 is pivoted and the tooth 52a slides on the plane AB until the anchor rod 26 abuts the stop 58.
  • the balance and the double roller 10 pass through a new additional rising arc until the completion of their second half cycle, whereupon they begin a descending arc introducing the next half cycle and a new cycle begins, as just described.
  • this inhibition has a pulse angle ⁇ passed through by the roller-side control pin 20 during the pulse, which is divided symmetrically with respect to the center line, thereby considerably reducing the isochronism error becomes.
  • the pulse angle ⁇ of the armature 22 and ⁇ of the escape wheel 48 shown in FIG. 2 are large in relation to the usual values, with an ⁇ value of usually between eight and ten degrees 12 degrees, resp. at about ten degrees ⁇ -value of 19 degrees. The efficiency of the inhibition is thereby increased significantly.
  • the output arm 30 which comprises two divisions of the large escape wheel 48, thus enabling a fall control of the escape wheel 48 far away from the armature rotation axis 24 through the exit pallet 34.
  • the accuracy of this movement is improved by here and the pallet 34 does not need to engage deep in the toothing to effectively stop the rotation of the wheel 48.
  • the mechanical stresses exerted between these two parts, and consequently their wear, are thus reduced.
  • the inertia of the armature is increased by its greater mass, but the improvement provided by the shaping of the arm largely compensates for this disadvantage.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)

Abstract

Clock escapement has an escapement wheel (48) that is mounted on an axle (50) on a lifting surface so that it supports the action of a torque force on it. The surfaces of the input and output plates of the teeth of a first large wheel contact and are aligned so that the torque caused by the wheel when it is pushing in an opposed direction, is equal to zero or tries to return the anchor to its rest position.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung befasst sich mit dem Bereich der Uhrmacherei, insbesondere mit einem unter dem Namen Hemmung bekannten Uhrenmechanismus.The present invention is concerned with watchmaking, in particular with a watch mechanism known as escapement.

Die Hemmung hat zum Ziel, die Schwingungen der Unruh (bzw. des Pendels) einer Uhr zu unterhalten und zu zählen, wobei sie die eingangs vom Federhaus über das Räderwerk abgegebene Energie erhält und periodisch Teilmengen dieser Antriebsenergie freisetzt, um dem Regulierorgan die ihm durch Reibungsverluste entgangene Energie zurückzuerstatten. Die Hemmung ist ein Verteilungsorgan. Die verschiedenen Hemmungsmechanismen wurden in zahlreichen Schriften behandelt, wobei auf das Werk "Theorie de I'horlogerie* von Reymondin et al, Fédération des Ecoles Techniques, 1998, ISBN 2-940025-1-X, Seiten 99 bis 128 verwiesen werden kann.The purpose of the escapement is to maintain and count the oscillations of the clock (or the pendulum) of a watch, receiving the energy emitted by the barrel at the wheel and periodically releasing subsets of this drive energy to reduce the friction caused by the regulator to refund lost energy. The inhibition is a distribution organ. The various mechanisms of inhibition have been treated in numerous publications, with reference to the work "Theory de I'horlogerie * by Reymondin et al, Fédération des Ecoles Techniques, 1998, ISBN 2-940025-1-X, pages 99 to 128 can be referenced.

Die heute am meisten verwendete Hemmung ist die Schweizer Ankerhemmung. Obwohl diese hier nicht näher beschrieben wird, soll zusammenfassend festgehalten werden, dass ein solches System hauptsächlich aus einem Hemmungsrad, einem Anker und einer direkt mit der Unruh verbundenen Rolle besteht, und dass ein Zyklus einer solchen Hemmung die vier wesentlichen Funktionsphasen Ruhewinkel, Auslösung, Impuls und Sicherung umfasst.The most commonly used escapement today is the Swiss lever escapement. Although this is not described here in detail, it should be summarized that such a system consists mainly of an escapement wheel, an armature and a directly connected to the balance role, and that a cycle of such inhibition, the four essential phases of operation angle of rest, release, impulse and fuse includes.

Ein anderer, unter dem Namen Duplex bekannter Hemmungstyp war Gegenstand einer in dem am 30. April 1890 auf den Namen von L. Marckwald angemeldeten Schweizer Patent Nr. 2209 - 64 beschriebenen Weiterentwicklung. Wie bei der Schweizer Ankerhemmung, handelt es sich dabei um eine Hemmung mit frei beweglichem Anker, wobei Anker und Hemmungsrad während der Ruhephase nicht in Berührung mit der Rolle kommen, d.h. um eine frei schwingende Unruh.Another inhibitor type known by the name duplex was the subject of a further development described in Swiss Patent No. 2209-64 filed on April 30, 1890, in the name of L. Marckwald. As with the Swiss lever escapement, this is an escapement with free-moving anchor, whereby anchor and escapement wheel during the resting phase do not come into contact with the role, ie a free-swinging balance.

In der oben erwähnten Duplex-Hemmung enthält der Anker eine Ein- und eine Ausgangspalette sowie einen Impulsfinger. Das Hemmungsrad weist zwei verschieden grosse, unmittelbar übereinanderliegende Verzahnungen auf. Die Ankerpaletten umspannen einen geringfügig grösseren Winkel als der Teilungswinkel des Hemmungsrades.In the duplex inhibition mentioned above, the anchor contains an input and an output pallet as well as a pulse finger. The escape wheel has two different sizes, directly superimposed gears. The anchor pallets span a slightly larger angle than the pitch angle of the escape wheel.

Die Paletten und der Impulsfinger arbeiten jeweils mit der grossen resp. der kleinen Verzahnung zusammen. Der Hauptanteil des Antriebsimpulses wird durch die Einwirkung der kleinen Verzahnung auf den Impulsfinger geleistet. Alle anderen Funktionen werden durch das Zusammenspiel zwischen Paletten und grosser Verzahnung erfüllt. Nach der Auslösungsphase erhält indessen die zu diesem Zeitpunkt im Eingriff befindliche Palette einen leichten Impuls von der grossen Verzahnung. Somit erhält die Unruh während einer vollen Schwingung im Verlauf der ersten Halbschwingung einen teils von der einen und dann von der anderen Verzahnung abgegebenen Doppelimpuls, resp. im Verlauf der zweiten Halbschwingung einen Impuls schwacher Intensität, der ausschließlich durch die grosse Verzahnung verursacht wird.The pallets and the impulse finger work respectively with the large resp. the small gearing together. The main part of the drive pulse is provided by the action of the small toothing on the pulse finger. All other functions are fulfilled by the interaction between pallets and large toothing. However, after the release phase, the pallet currently engaged receives a slight impulse from the large gearing. Thus, the balance during a full oscillation in the course of the first half oscillation receives a double impulse, respectively partly emitted by one and then by the other teeth. in the course of the second half-oscillation a pulse of weak intensity, which is caused exclusively by the large gearing.

In dieser Lösung ist die Impulsverteilung, wie in der sehr klassischen Schweizer Ankerhemmung, nicht symmetrisch zur sogenannten Zentrumslinie über Anker- und Unruhdrehpunkt, wodurch dieses System einen Isochronismus-Fehler aufweist. Zudem erfolgt ein starker Eingriff der Ankerpaletten in die Zähne der grossen Hemmungsradverzahnung, wodurch insbesondere während der Auslösung hohe Reibungsverluste und eine relative Ungenauigkeit verursacht werden.In this solution, the impulse distribution, as in the very classic Swiss lever escapement, is not symmetrical to the so-called center line over anchor and balance fulcrum, whereby this system has an isochronism error. In addition, there is a strong engagement of the anchor pallets in the teeth of the large Hemmungsradverzahnung, causing high friction losses and relative inaccuracy, in particular during the triggering.

Gleichfalls offenbart das Dokument US 46,652 eine Hemmung gemäß dem Obergriff des Anspruchs 1.Likewise, document US 46,652 discloses an escapement according to the preamble of claim 1.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Beschreibung bzw. Darstellung eines Lösungsvorschlags für eine Hemmung mit verlorener Halbschwingung, ohne die oben aufgeführten Nachteile.The object of the present invention is the description or presentation of a solution proposal for a lost half-oscillation inhibition, without the disadvantages listed above.

Im Näheren betrifft die Erfindung eine Hemmung für ein Uhrwerk gemäß den Ansprüchen.In more detail, the invention relates to an escapement for a movement according to the claims.

Weitere Eigenschaften gehen aus der folgenden Beschreibung hervor, die unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung erstellt wurde, in welcher:

  • die Abbildungen 1 und 2 Ansichten der erfindungsgemässen Hemmung zu Beginn der Auslösung resp. zu Beginn des Impulses während der toten Halbschwingung, und
  • die Abbildungen 3a und 3b vergrösserte Ansichten der Eingangs- resp. der Ausgangspalette sind.
Further features will become apparent from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figures 1 and 2 views of the inventive inhibition at the beginning of the triggering resp. at the beginning of the pulse during the dead half-cycle, and
  • Figures 3a and 3b enlarged views of the input resp. the output palette are.

Die vorliegende Erfindung findet bei mechanischen Uhren Anwendung. Die üblicherweise für das Funktionieren einer solchen Uhr notwendigen Elemente, die dem Fachmann gut bekannt sind, werden hier nicht beschrieben. Zur Erinnerung sei lediglich erwähnt, dass die Hemmung die Energie vom Antriebsorgan über das Räderwerk erhält und an das Regulierorgan, d.h. an die Unruh weiterverteilt.The present invention finds application in mechanical watches. The elements commonly required for the functioning of such a watch, which are well known to those skilled in the art, will not be described here. As a reminder, only mention that the inhibition receives the energy from the drive member via the gear train and to the Regulierorgan, i. redistributed to the balance.

In der Abbildung 1 sind ein Teil der Unruh 8 mit einer Achse 12, ein Anker 22 und ein Hemmungsrad 48 dargestellt. Auf die Unruhwelle 12 ist eine Doppelrolle 10 aufgepresst, die von einer kleinen Rolle 14 und einer grossen Rolle 16 gebildet wird, welche beide konzentrisch zur Unruhwelle 12 liegen. Die Rolle 14 ist mit einer Einkerbung 18, resp. die Rolle 16 mit einem Steuerstift 20 ausgestattet, welche radial mit der Achse 12 fluchten.In Figure 1, a part of the balance 8 with an axis 12, an armature 22 and an escape wheel 48 are shown. On the balance shaft 12, a double roller 10 is pressed, which is formed by a small roller 14 and a large roller 16, which are both concentric with the balance shaft 12. The roller 14 is with a notch 18, respectively. the roller 16 equipped with a control pin 20 which are radially aligned with the axis 12.

Der Anker 22 ist um die Achse 24 schwenkbar montiert und besteht aus einer Ankerstange 26, einem Eingangsarm 28 und einem Ausgangsarm 30, beide bei der Welle 24 zusammenlaufend. Die Arme 28 und 30 tragen je eine vorzugsweise aus Rubin bestehende Palette, bzw. eine Eingangspalette 32 resp. Ausgangspalette 34. Das freie Ende der Ankerstange 26 weist die Form einer mit zwei Hörnern 38, 40 und einem Sicherheitsstift 42 ausgestatteten Gabel 36 auf, die auf bekannte Weise mit der Doppelrolle 10 zusammenarbeitet.The armature 22 is pivotally mounted about the axis 24 and consists of an anchor rod 26, an input arm 28 and an output arm 30, both converging at the shaft 24. The arms 28 and 30 each carry a preferably made of ruby range, or an input palette 32 respectively. Output pallet 34. The free end of the anchor rod 26 has the shape of a with two horns 38, 40 and a safety pin 42 equipped Fork 36, which cooperates in a known manner with the double roller 10.

Der Anker 22 ist erfindungsgemäss mit einem dritten, Impulsarm genannten, den beiden anderen Armen überlagerten Arm 44 ausgestattet, dessen eines Ende auf der Welle 24 befestigt ist und dessen anderes Ende eine Impulspalette 46 trägt. Der Impulsarm 44 ist, global gesehen, quer zu den Armen 28 und 30 angeordnet.
Das Hemmungsrad 48 ist mit einer Achse 50 verbunden und besteht aus einem grossen Rad 52 und einem fest mit diesem verbunden kleinen Rad 54 sowie aus einem Trieb 56. Diese beiden Räder sind spitzverzahnt, wie bei einer Englischen Ankerhemmung, und weisen je 15 Zähne auf. Der auf der Welle 50 angeordnete Hemmungstrieb 56 stellt die kinematische Verbindung zum nicht dargestellten Räderwerk her. Die beiden Räder 52 und 54 sind auf den Trieb 56 aufgenietet und teilungsgleich zueinander positioniert.According to the invention, the armature 22 is provided with a third arm 44, which is superimposed on the two other arms and has one end fixed to the shaft 24 and the other end carrying a pulse pallet 46. The pulse arm 44 is, viewed globally, arranged transversely to the arms 28 and 30.
The escape wheel 48 is connected to an axle 50 and consists of a large wheel 52 and a fixedly connected thereto small wheel 54 and a drive 56. These two wheels are spiked, as in an English anchor escapement, and each have 15 teeth. The arranged on the shaft 50 Hemmungstrieb 56 establishes the kinematic connection to the gear train, not shown. The two wheels 52 and 54 are riveted to the drive 56 and positioned equal to each other.

Schliesslich sind noch zwei Begrenzungsanschläge 58 und 60 vorhanden, die, wie ihr Name besagt, den Ausschlag des Ankers 22 beidseitig begrenzen. Diese können als in die Werkplatte eingepresste Stifte oder als direkt in die Werkplatte oder in die Ankerbrücke eingearbeitete Seitenwände umgesetzt sein.Finally, there are two limit stops 58 and 60, which, as their name implies, limit the deflection of the armature 22 on both sides. These can be implemented as pins pressed into the work plate or as side walls incorporated directly into the work plate or into the anchor bridge.

Die beschriebene Hemmung ist vom Typ mit verlorener Halbschwingung. Dies bedeutet, dass die Unruh in einer ersten, sogenannten toten Halbschwingung den Anker so kippt, dass das grosse Rad 52 ohne Impuls vom Anschlag an der Eingangspalette 32 zum Anschlag an der Ausgangspalette 34 übergeht. In einer zweiten, sogenannten aktiven Halbschwingung bewirkt die Unruh das Loskommen des grossen Rades 52 von der Ausgangspalette 34, und das kleine Rad 54 verleiht der Palette 46 einen Impuls.
Es sollen nun die relativen Positionen und Dimensionen dieser verschiedenen Elemente einer näheren Betrachtung unterzogen werden. Zunächst sind die Achsen der Unruh 12 und des Ankers 24 fluchtend ausgerichtet und bilden eine sogenannte Zentrumslinie. Im abgebildeten Beispiel ist die Achse 50 des Hemmrads 48 an der Zentrumslinie ausgerichtet, es kann jedoch versetzt werden. In dieser zweiten Anordnung wird eine sogenannte Nebenhemmung verwendet, die den Vorteil aufweist, dass der Anker in Bezug zu seiner Achse ins Gleichgewicht gebracht wirdThe described inhibition is of the half-lost type. This means that the balance in a first, so-called dead half oscillation tilts the anchor so that the large wheel 52 passes without impulse from the stop on the input pallet 32 to stop at the output pallet 34. In a second, so-called active half cycle, the balance causes the large wheel 52 to come off the output pallet 34, and the small wheel 54 gives the pallet 46 an impulse.
Let's take a closer look at the relative positions and dimensions of these different elements. First, the axes of the balance 12 and the armature 24 are aligned and form a so-called center line. In the example shown, the axis 50 of the ratchet wheel 48 is aligned with the center line, but it can be offset. In this second arrangement, a so-called secondary inhibition is used, which has the advantage that the armature is brought into equilibrium with respect to its axis

Die Wechselwirkung zwischen der Gabel 36 und der Doppelrolle 10 ist ähnlich wie bei der Schweizer Ankerhemmung. Der Steuerstift 20 arbeitet mit den Hörnern 38 und 40 zusammen und der Sicherheitsstift 42, der bei einem Stoss an der Rolle anschlägt, wechselt dank der Einkerbung 18 der kleinen Rolle 14 von deren einen Seite zur anderen.
Die Eingangspalette 32 und die Ausgangspalette 34 sind derart angeordnet, dass sie im Gleichtakt der Unruhschwingungen abwechslungsweise mit den Zähnen des grossen Hemmungsrades 52 zusammenarbeiten. Die Paletten 32 und 34 umfassen einen geringfügig grösseren Winkel als der über drei Radteilungen gemessene. Die Impulspalette 46 arbeitet mit den Zähnen des kleinen Hemmungsrades 54 zusammen.The interaction between the fork 36 and the double roller 10 is similar to the Swiss lever escapement. The control pin 20 cooperates with the horns 38 and 40 and the safety pin 42, which strikes against the roller in a shock, changes thanks to the notch 18 of the small roller 14 from one side to the other.
The input pallet 32 and the output pallet 34 are arranged such that they cooperate in the common mode of the balance oscillations alternately with the teeth of the large escapement wheel 52. The pallets 32 and 34 comprise a slightly larger angle than that measured over three wheel pitches. The pulse pallet 46 cooperates with the teeth of the small escapement wheel 54.

Aus der Abbildung 3 geht hervor, dass die Aussenseite AC der Eingangspalette 32 eine Ruheebne AB und einen Auslösungsbogen BC aufweist. Wird eine Linie rechtwinklig zur Ruheebene AB durch den Punkt gezogen, an dem die Seitenfläche AC mit dem Rad 52 in Berührung kommt, so schneidet diese Linie die über die Ankerachse 22 und die Unruhachse 12 verlaufende Zentrumslinie derart, dass ein Zugmoment entsteht, das dahin wirkt, die Ankerstange 26 am Anschlag 58 abgestützt zu halten.It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the outside AC of the input pallet 32 has a resting beam AB and a triggering arc BC. If a line is drawn at right angles to the rest plane AB through the point at which the side surface AC comes into contact with the wheel 52, this line intersects the center line passing over the armature axis 22 and the balance axis 12 such that a tensile torque is generated which acts thereon to keep the anchor rod 26 supported on the stop 58.

Der Bogen BC weist eine zur Bewegungsbahn der Palette konzentrische Krümmung und einen Zentrumswinkel von typisch zwölf Grad auf, der dem Impulswinkel α des Winkels entspricht, welcher in Abbildung 2 dargestellt ist, sodass der Rücklauf des Hemmungsrades auf den Beginn der Auslösung beschränkt ist. Zudem läuft die Eingangspalette erfindungsgemäss zu einer Auslösungsschnabel genannten Spitze am Punkt C aus. Die die Innenseite der Spitze der Palette 32 bildende Ebene CD ist zur Achse des Ankers 24 hin ausgerichtet und kommt somit nie mit den Zähnen des grossen Hemmungsrades 52 in Berührung.The arc BC has a curvature concentric with the path of movement of the pallet and a center angle of typically twelve degrees, which corresponds to the angle of impulse α of the angle shown in Figure 2, so that the return of the escape wheel is limited to the start of the release. In addition, according to the invention, the entrance pallet runs out to a point at the point C called a triggering beak. The the inside the top of the pallet 32 forming level CD is aligned with the axis of the armature 24 out and thus never comes into contact with the teeth of the large escapement wheel 52.

Die Ausgangspalette 34 weist eine Ruheebene EF auf, gegen welche die Zähne des grossen Hemmungsrades 52 zur Abstützung kommen. Wird eine Linie rechtwinklig zur Ruheebene EF durch den Punkt gezogen, an dem die Seitenfläche AC mit dem Rad 52 in Berührung kommt, so schneidet diese Linie die über die Ankerachse 22 und die Achse 50 des Hemmungsrades 48 verlaufende Zentrumslinie derart, dass ein Zugmoment entsteht, das dahin wirkt, die Ankerstange 26 am Anschlag 60 abgestützt zu halten.The output pallet 34 has a rest plane EF, against which the teeth of the large escape wheel 52 come to rest. If a line is drawn at right angles to the rest plane EF through the point at which the side surface AC comes into contact with the wheel 52, this line intersects the center line passing over the armature axis 22 and the axis 50 of the escapement wheel 48 such that a tensile moment is created. which acts to keep the anchor rod 26 supported on the stopper 60.

Die Palette 34 läuft zu einer deren Auslösungsschnabel bildenden Spitze am Punkt F aus. Die Ebene FG bildet mit der Ruheebene EF einen spitzen Winkel, sodass die Zähne des grossen Hemmungsrades 52 nie damit in Berührung kommen.The pallet 34 exits to a trigger beak-forming tip at point F. The plane FG forms an acute angle with the rest plane EF, so that the teeth of the large escape wheel 52 never come into contact therewith.

Die Impulspalette 46 weist eine Impulsebene Hl auf, an welcher die Zähne des kleinen Hemmungsrades 54 zur Abstützung kommen. Die Palette 46 läuft zu einer deren Impulsschnabel bildenden Spitze am Punkt I aus. Die Ebene IJ bildet mit der Impulsebene Hl einen spitzen Winkel, sodass die Zähne des kleinen Hemmungsrades 54 nie damit in Berührung kommen.The pulse palette 46 has a pulse plane Hl at which the teeth of the small escapement wheel 54 come to rest. The pallet 46 exits to a peak forming its impulse beak at point I. The plane IJ forms with the pulse plane Hl an acute angle, so that the teeth of the small escapement wheel 54 never come into contact with it.

Zu Beginn der in der Abbildung 1 dargestellten Auslösung dreht die Doppelrolle 10 in der Richtung des Pfeils 62, der Sicherheitsstift 20 ist im Begriff, mit dem Horn 40 in Berührung zu geraten. Ein Zahn 52b des grossen Hemmungsrades 52 befindet sich in Abstützung auf der Ruheebene AB.At the beginning of the deployment shown in Figure 1, the double roller 10 rotates in the direction of the arrow 62, the safety pin 20 is about to come into contact with the horn 40. A tooth 52b of the large escapement wheel 52 is supported on the resting plane AB.

Indem die Doppelrolle 10 mit der Unruh weiterdreht, stützt sich der Steuerstift der Rolle 20 am Horn 40 ab und der Anker 22 wird geschwenkt. Die Eingangspalette 32 löst sich aus ihrem Eingriff am Zahn 52b zunächst unter Herausgleiten der Ebene AB, bei leichtem Rücklauf des Hemmungsrades 48, und dann der Ebene BC, durch deren oben beschriebene, besondere Form jeglicher Rücklauf während dieser Bewegungsphase vermeidbar ist. Wenn der Zahn 52b die Palettenspitze C erreicht, erfolgt wegen der besonderen Formgebung der Ebene CD keinerlei Impuls auf die Eingangspalette. Das Hemmungsrad 48 fällt im Gegenteil direkt durch, bzw. dreht frei weiter bis ein um drei Zähne vom Zahn 52b entfernter Zahn 52e mit der Ausgangspalette 34 in Berührung gerät.By the double roller 10 continues to rotate with the balance, the control pin of the roller 20 is supported on the horn 40 and the armature 22 is pivoted. The input pallet 32 is released from its engagement with the tooth 52b initially by sliding out of the plane AB, with a slight return of the escape wheel 48, and then the plane BC, through whose particular shape described above any retrace during this phase of movement is avoidable. When the tooth 52b reaches the pallet tip C, due to the special shape of the plane CD, there is no impulse on the input pallet. On the contrary, the escapement wheel 48 falls directly or continues to rotate freely until a tooth 52e removed by three teeth from the tooth 52b comes into contact with the outlet pallet 34.

Hiermit liegt die in der Abbildung 2 dargestellte Situation vor : der Ankerstab 26 des Ankers 22 wird am Anschlag 60 abgestützt. Der Zahn 52e steht mit der Ruheebene EF der Ausgangspalette 34 in Berührung und übt eine Zugkraft aus, die dahin wirkt, den Ankerstab 26 gegen den Anschlag 60 zu drücken.This is the situation shown in Figure 2: the anchor rod 26 of the armature 22 is supported on the stop 60. The tooth 52e is in contact with the rest plane EF of the output pallet 34 and exerts a tensile force acting to push the armature rod 26 against the stopper 60.

Der Winkel, den das Hemmungsrad 48 zwischen Auslösungsbeginn und seinem Aufhalten durch die Ausgangspalette durchläuft, wird Fallwinkel genannt und liegt in der Grössenordnung von drei Grad.The angle which the escape wheel 48 passes between initiation of initiation and its stalling through the exit pallet is called the fall angle and is on the order of three degrees.

Der Anker 22 verharrt regungslos und das Hemmungsrad 48 ist durch seine Abstützung auf der Ausgangspalette 34 gesperrt. Während dieser Zeit durchlaufen die Unruh und die Doppelrolle 10 einen zusätzlichen, ansteigenden Bogen bis zur Beendung ihrer Halbschwingung, worauf sie einen die nächste Halbschwingung einleitenden, absteigenden Bogen bzw. die Ruhephase angehen. Der rollenseitige Steuerstift 20 gerät alsdann in Berührung mit dem Horn 38 und bewirkt die Schwenkung des Ankers 22 in der durch den Pfeil 64 der Abbildung 2 angegebenen Richtung, wodurch zunächst ein leichter Rücklauf des Hemmungsrades 48 und daraufhin die Auslösung des Zahnes 52e durch die Ausgangspalette 34 verursacht werden. Das hiermit freigegebene Rad 48 dreht erneut im Uhrzeigersinn weiter.The armature 22 remains motionless and the escape wheel 48 is locked by its support on the output pallet 34. During this time, the balance and the double roller 10 go through an additional, ascending arc until the end of their half-oscillation, whereupon they approach a descending arc or the resting phase which initiates the next half-oscillation. The roller-side control pin 20 then comes in contact with the horn 38 and causes the pivoting of the armature 22 in the direction indicated by the arrow 64 of Figure 2 direction, whereby first a slight return of the escape wheel 48 and then the release of the tooth 52e through the output pallet 34th caused. Released wheel 48 continues to rotate clockwise.

Ein Zahn 54a des kleinen Hemmungsrades 54 gerät alsdann in Berührung mit der Ebene Hl der Impulspalette 46. Es beginnt die Impulsphase, wobei das Hemmungsrad 48 der Unruh Energie zuführt, um deren Schwingung zu unterhalten, und zwar über den Anker 22 und insbesondere das Horn 40, welches mit dem Steuerstift 20 zusammenarbeitet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist dabei die im Moment des Impulsbeginns gegebene Ausrichtung der Impulsebene Hl der Palette 46 mit der Zentrumslinie.A tooth 54a of the small escapement wheel 54 then comes in contact with the plane Hl of the pulse pallet 46. It begins the impulse phase, wherein the escapement wheel 48 energizes the balance to its vibration maintained, via the armature 22 and in particular the horn 40, which cooperates with the control pin 20. Particularly advantageous is the orientation of the pulse plane Hl of the pallet 46 with the center line given at the moment of the start of the pulse.

Das Hemmungsrad 48 setzt seine Drehung fort, wobei die Auslösung der Impulspalette 46 erfolgt, und dreht frei weiter bis ein um vier Zähne vom Zahn 52e entfernter Zahn 52a die Ruheebene AB der Eingangspalette 32 berührt. Der Anker 22 wird geschwenkt und der Zahn 52a gleitet auf der Ebene AB bis der Ankerstab 26 am Anschlag 58 anstösst. In einer zweiten Ruhephase durchlaufen die Unruh und die Doppelrolle 10 einen neuen zusätzlichen ansteigenden Bogen bis zur Beendung ihrer zweiten Halbschwingung, worauf sie einen die nächste Halbschwingung einleitenden absteigenden Bogen angehen und ein neuer Zyklus wie der eben beschriebene beginnt.The escapement wheel 48 continues to rotate causing the pulse pallet 46 to actuate, and continues to rotate freely until a tooth 52a spaced four teeth from the tooth 52e contacts the resting plane AB of the input track 32. The armature 22 is pivoted and the tooth 52a slides on the plane AB until the anchor rod 26 abuts the stop 58. In a second resting phase, the balance and the double roller 10 pass through a new additional rising arc until the completion of their second half cycle, whereupon they begin a descending arc introducing the next half cycle and a new cycle begins, as just described.

Diese Umsetzung bietet mehrfache Vorteile. An erster Stelle ist die Tatsache zu erwähnen, dass die Impulsebene Hl der Palette 46 zum Anfangszeitpunkt des Impulses mit der Zentrumslinie ausgerichtet ist und damit optimale Reibungsbedingungen zwischen der Palette 46 und den Zähnen des kleinen Hemmungsrades 54 entstehen.This implementation offers multiple benefits. In the first place, mention should be made of the fact that the pulse plane Hl of the pallet 46 is aligned with the center line at the start time of the pulse and thus optimum friction conditions between the pallet 46 and the teeth of the small escapement wheel 54 arise.

Dank dem Umstand, dass es sich bei der soeben beschriebenen Hemmung um einen Typ mit verlorener Halbschwingung handelt, weist diese Hemmung einen vom rollenseitigen Steuerstift 20 während des Impulses durchlaufenen Impulswinkel γ auf, der symmetrisch zur Zentrumslinie aufgeteilt ist, wodurch der Isochronismus-Fehler beträchtlich vermindert wird.By virtue of the fact that the inhibition just described is a lost half-wave type, this inhibition has a pulse angle γ passed through by the roller-side control pin 20 during the pulse, which is divided symmetrically with respect to the center line, thereby considerably reducing the isochronism error becomes.

Weiter sind der in der Abbildung 2 dargestellte Impulswinkel α des Ankers 22 und β des Hemmungsrades 48 im Verhältnis zu den üblichen Werten gross, mit einem üblicherweise zwischen acht und zehn Grad liegenden α-Wert von 12 Grad, resp. bei ca. zehn Grad liegenden β-Wert von 19 Grad. Der Wirkungsgrad der Hemmung wird hierdurch merklich erhöht.Furthermore, the pulse angle α of the armature 22 and β of the escape wheel 48 shown in FIG. 2 are large in relation to the usual values, with an α value of usually between eight and ten degrees 12 degrees, resp. at about ten degrees β-value of 19 degrees. The efficiency of the inhibition is thereby increased significantly.

Schliesslich ist die grosse Länge des Ausgangsarms 30 zu erwähnen, der zwei Teilungen des grossen Hemmungsrades 48 umfasst, wodurch eine sehr weit von der Ankerdrehachse 24 entfernte Fallsteuerung des Hemmungsrades 48 durch die Ausgangspalette 34 ermöglicht wird. Die Genauigkeit dieser Bewegung wird hier durch verbessert und die Palette 34 braucht nicht tief in die Verzahnung einzugreifen, um die Drehung des Rades 48 wirksam aufzuhalten. Die zwischen diesen beiden Teilen ausgeübten mechanischen Belastungen, und demzufolge deren Verschleiss, werden somit verringert. Gewiss wird die Trägheit des Ankers durch dessen grössere Masse erhöht, aber die durch die Formgebung des Arms erbrachte Verbesserung gleicht diesen Nachteil weitgehend aus.Finally, mention should be made of the great length of the output arm 30, which comprises two divisions of the large escape wheel 48, thus enabling a fall control of the escape wheel 48 far away from the armature rotation axis 24 through the exit pallet 34. The accuracy of this movement is improved by here and the pallet 34 does not need to engage deep in the toothing to effectively stop the rotation of the wheel 48. The mechanical stresses exerted between these two parts, and consequently their wear, are thus reduced. Certainly, the inertia of the armature is increased by its greater mass, but the improvement provided by the shaping of the arm largely compensates for this disadvantage.

Claims (9)

  1. Escapement of a clockwork of a clock comprising a frame and a balance wheel, which oscillates to both sides of a dead centre point of an axis (12), which is attached on said frame and which is aligned in such a manner that it maintains the movement of said balance wheel:
    - comprising a plate, which is fixedly connected with the axis (12) of the balance wheel,
    - comprising an anchor (22), which is attached on the pallet face, so as to be rotatable about the axis (24) and which can change alternately from a first locking position into a second locking position, in which positions said anchor (22) supports itself against the respective stops of the frame and is configured from:
    • a bar (26), which interacts with the plate (10),
    • an entry arm (28) comprising an entry pallet (32),
    • an exit arm (30) comprising an exit pallet (34), whereby said arms are aligned in a first plane and together form an obtuse angle, and
    • an impulse arm (44), which is aligned diagonally to the entry arm (28) and to the exit arm (30) in a second plane, and which comprises an impulse pallet (46), which is provided with an impulse plane,
    whereby the arms and the bar are fixedly connected with one another, and
    - comprise an escapement wheel (48), which is mounted on the frame so as to be rotatable about an axis (50), and which is subject to the effect of a torque, and which consists of two coaxial toothed wheels located on top of one another, the first of said coaxial toothed wheels is aligned in the first plane and interacts with the entry and exit pallets, and the second of said coaxial toothed wheels is aligned in the second plane, and interacts with the impulse pallet, so as to pass on the impulse energy of the escapement wheel via the anchor,
    characterized in that the exit pallet, the impulse pallet, and the two toothings are disposed in such a manner that, at the onset of the impulse, said impulse plane is clearly aligned at the centre line, which connects the rotational axes of the balance wheel and of the anchor.
  2. Escapement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the escapement wheel is aligned at the centre line and in that the surface of said entry pallet (32), which interacts with the first toothing, encompasses, in the region abutting on its attachment point, a clearly plane locking surface, which is aligned in such a manner that the force, which is created there by the pressure of the toothed wheel, separates the centre line between the rotational axes of the escapement wheel and of the anchor next to the anchor axis.
  3. Escapement according to Claim 1 or according to Claim 2, characterized in that the surface of said entry pallet (32), which interacts with the first toothing, comprises, inter alia, a free surface, in the region abutting on the dead surface up to the free end, said free surface encompassing a cylindrical part, the centre of which is located on the axis of said anchor (24).
  4. Escapement according to Claim 3, characterized in that the surface of said exit pallet, which interacts with the first toothed wheel, consists of a clearly plane dead surface and is aligned in such a manner that the force, which is created there by the pressure of the toothing, separates the centre line in the vicinity of the anchor axis, said centre line connecting the rotatable axes of the wheel and of the anchor beyond the anchor axis in the direction of the balance wheel.
  5. Escapement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the impulse arm, the impulse pallet, the small toothing of the escapement wheel, and the plate are aligned in such a manner that the angle passed through by the balance wheel during the impulse is aligned symmetrically to the dead centre.
  6. Escapement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the entry and exit pallets surround said escapement wheel at an angle, which corresponds to at least three pitches of said toothings.
  7. Escapement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first toothed wheel has a greater diameter than the second toothed wheel.
  8. Escapement according to Claim 6, characterized in that the escapement wheel has a drive, inter alia, and in that said toothed wheels consist of two surfaces, which are fixedly attached on said drive.
  9. Escapement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the toothings of said toothed wheels are pointy and in that said toothings interact with said pallet surfaces via their tips.
EP03405689A 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Escapement for a watch Expired - Lifetime EP1517197B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT03405689T ATE360232T1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 ESCAPEMENT FOR WATCH
DE50307083T DE50307083D1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Inhibition for clock
EP03405689A EP1517197B1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Escapement for a watch

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405689A EP1517197B1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Escapement for a watch

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1517197A1 EP1517197A1 (en) 2005-03-23
EP1517197B1 true EP1517197B1 (en) 2007-04-18

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03405689A Expired - Lifetime EP1517197B1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Escapement for a watch

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EP (1) EP1517197B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE360232T1 (en)
DE (1) DE50307083D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE602005005632T2 (en) * 2005-03-30 2009-04-16 Montres Breguet S.A. Chronometer escapement for watches
ATE390653T1 (en) * 2005-03-30 2008-04-15 Montres Breguet Sa CHRONOMETER ESCAPEMENT FOR WATCHES
US7731415B2 (en) 2005-07-04 2010-06-08 Montres Breguet Sa High-performance lever escapement
EP1914605A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-23 Patek, Philippe SA Lever escapement
ATE433136T1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2009-06-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse ESCAPEMENT WITH TANGENTIAL IMPULSES
DE602007008077D1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2010-09-09 Omega Sa Anchor escapement for watches

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US46652A (en) * 1865-03-07 Improvement in chronometer-escapements
CH274902A (en) * 1949-04-05 1951-04-30 Reinhard Dr Straumann Lever escapement for clockworks.
EP0018796B1 (en) * 1979-04-30 1984-11-07 George Daniels Watches, clocks and chronometers and escapements therefor
EP1045297B1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2003-07-02 Omega SA Coaxial lever escapement

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50307083D1 (en) 2007-05-31
ATE360232T1 (en) 2007-05-15
EP1517197A1 (en) 2005-03-23

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