EP1511932A1 - Injection valve - Google Patents
Injection valveInfo
- Publication number
- EP1511932A1 EP1511932A1 EP03745746A EP03745746A EP1511932A1 EP 1511932 A1 EP1511932 A1 EP 1511932A1 EP 03745746 A EP03745746 A EP 03745746A EP 03745746 A EP03745746 A EP 03745746A EP 1511932 A1 EP1511932 A1 EP 1511932A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- injection valve
- drive unit
- valve
- hydraulic
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WOVTUUKKGNHVFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(fluoren-9-ylidenemethyl)benzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 WOVTUUKKGNHVFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an injection valve according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Such an injection valve is known from DE 198 54 508, the valve needle being designed to open outwards and axially pressure-effective surfaces of the valve needle and the housing being designed such that when the pressure of the fluid changes, the same axial length change on the valve needle and on occur in the valve housing. It is also possible to adjust the areas on the valve needle so that the pressure of the fluid does not cause any force on the return spring or the valve seat.
- the drive chamber in which the drive unit is arranged and the fluid chamber in which the valve needle and the return spring are arranged are reliably sealed off from one another by means of a sealing ring and a drain.
- All pressure forces are compensated in order to keep the valve needle free of pressure forces overall.
- a high pressure force acting in the opening direction acts, which is advantageously compensated for by a second pressure-loaded surface which generates a pressure force of the same amount acting in the opposite direction.
- the hydraulic length compensation is implemented by a hydraulic chamber filled with oil.
- this requires a complex hermetic seal of the operating medium, for example silicone oil, against the pressurized fuel, which is often realized by a metal bellows.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a powerful injection valve with a simple hydraulic bearing.
- the hydraulic chamber to which the fuel pressure is applied is advantageously very stiff in order to be able to absorb very high compressive and tensile forces in the short term, as is required when the valve is opened and closed quickly. This allows the injector to close about 5 - 10 times as quickly as if it was reset by a
- the fuel pressure-related forces on the valve needle can be set in a targeted manner. For example, a closing force caused by the fuel pressure could be set. This would ensure that the valve needle closes the valve securely even if the return spring is broken.
- the fuel flows past the drive unit and, for example, the multilayer actuator and cools the piezoceramics.
- Another advantage is therefore the improved temperature behavior of the injector. Direct injection into the combustion chamber exposes the injector to high temperatures. Modern injection concepts also provide for multiple injections. The development is moving towards continuous injection rate shaping. Concepts with 5 injections per cycle are already being discussed. This creates additional waste heat. Cooling of the injector is therefore advantageous, even if no temperature problem has yet occurred in the case of injectors according to the prior art with silicone oil as the operating medium of the hydraulic bearing.
- Temperature expansions, aging and setting effects mean that the absolute position of the piezo unit, but also the relative position to the valve housing, changes. Typical values are up to a few 10 ⁇ m, but are always significantly smaller than 100 ⁇ m.
- the hydraulic chamber must be at least high enough to compensate for all changes in length to be expected during its service life. In order to be able to form an abutment that is as rigid as possible, on the other hand, the hydraulic chamber must be designed as little as possible. A typical height of the hydraulic chamber of 200 to 500 ⁇ m is therefore preferred. In order to facilitate the filling of the hydraulic chamber with fuel, it is provided that the hydraulic chamber is connected via a cross line to a fuel supply line opening into the main chamber.
- FIG. shows the injector in simplified form in a schematic longitudinal section.
- a high-pressure injector or the injection valve has a valve seat 3 in an injector housing 1.
- a diameter of the sealing line di is typically 3-5 mm in a fuel injection valve.
- the valve seat 3 is kept closed in the basic state by a valve disk 7 connected to the lower end section of a valve needle 5 (diameter d 2 ).
- the valve needle 5 is arranged in the valve housing 1.
- the closed basic state, an injection nozzle 9 formed by the valve seat 3 and the valve plate 7 on the end face on the housing 1, is ensured by a tensioned compression spring 11 with a typical spring force (F s ) of approximately 150 N.
- the compression spring is clamped between a base plate 13 of a drive unit 15 and a section of the inner wall of the valve housing 1.
- the valve needle 5 is rigidly connected to the base plate 13, for example via a weld seam.
- the fuel is fed into an interior of the valve housing 1 through a line bore 17 provided in the injector housing 1.
- the drive unit 15 is arranged in the upper part of the injector housing 1. This is formed from a piezoelectric multilayer actuator using low-voltage technology (PMA) 19, a Bourdon tube 21, a hydraulic piston 23 and the base plate 13.
- PMA piezoelectric multilayer actuator using low-voltage technology
- the tubular spring 19 is welded to the hydraulic piston 23 and the base plate 13, so that the multilayer actuator 19 is under a mechanical pressure prestress stands. Electrical connections 25 of the drive unit 15 are led out of the housing 1, as described below.
- the drive unit 15 is connected to the injector housing 1 by means of a metal bellows 31 with a hydraulic or effectively pressure-effective diameter d 5 .
- the interior of the valve housing 1 is thus closed with respect to the surroundings.
- the interior is additionally connected to the line bore 17 in the area of the metal bellows 31 via a cross line 33.
- this force can act against the spring force (F s ) of the compression spring 11 and in the worst case open the valve unintentionally.
- this additional force (F D ) can also Increase spring force (F s ), making opening the valve more difficult.
- F s > 5 * F D in particular F s > 10 * F D.
- the hydraulic piston 21 is sealed by a first and a second narrow clearance fit 35, 37 with a larger diameter d 3 and a smaller diameter d into the correspondingly designed injector housing 1 and forms the annular hydraulic chamber 29 with the corresponding inner wall sections of the injector housing 1.
- the height of the hydraulic chamber h ⁇ is set to at least 100 - 500 ⁇ m.
- the hydraulic chamber 29 is used, for example, to compensate for thermal changes in the length of the drive unit 15 and / or the valve needle 5 relative to the injector housing 1, caused by the aging effects of the PMA 19 in the injector (for example, typical time periods t> 1 s), if these slow changes in length occur , an unimpeded fluid exchange between the hydraulic chamber 29 and the surrounding fuel-filled interior of the injector or the main chamber 27 and the transverse line 33 can take place over the narrow sealing gaps of the clearance fits 35, 37 of the hydraulic piston 23. These slow changes are thus compensated for by a change in the height of the hydraulic chamber 29.
- the sealing gaps between the hydraulic piston 23 and the valve housing 1 must at the same time be dimensioned so tightly that no significant fluid exchange between the hydraulic chamber 29 and the surrounding fuel-filled interior of the injector, in particular the main chamber, occurs within typical injection times (0 ms ⁇ t ⁇ 5 ms) 27 can occur.
- the height of the hydraulic chamber h should not change by more than 1 - 2 ⁇ m due to leakage. In order to be able to open the valve and keep it open during operation for a period of 0 ms ⁇ t ⁇ 5 ms and then close it again, an average force of approximately 100-200 N is required, depending on the size of the spring force F s .
- the hydraulic chamber 29 has a spring action due to the compressibility of gasoline, which leads to an additional loss in the valve lift.
- the drive unit 15 together with the hydraulic piston 23 and the valve needle 5 form a unit which, as a whole, is compared slow movements occurring during the injection process can be shifted almost unhindered relative to the injector housing until the seating force (F D + F s ) is established between the valve seat 3 and the valve plate 7.
- the length of the annular gaps is relatively uncritical, the leakage flow decreasing with increasing length Since the leakage increases with the 3rd power of the gap height h, the gap height should be chosen to be sufficiently small.
- the function of the injection valve is now as follows: To start the injection process, the PMA 19 is charged via the electrical connections 25. Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect, the PMA 19 expands (typical deflection: 30 - 60 ⁇ m). The PMA is supported on the rigid hydraulic chamber 29 in order to lift the valve plate 7 against the spring force F s of the compression spring 11 from the valve seat 3. The fuel can now emerge from the injection nozzle 9. The valve plate 7 is acted upon by the pressure of the injection chamber (not shown) on its lower surface facing away from the fuel. As described above, the hydraulic chamber 29 is designed to be sufficiently rigid over a typical injection period. In order to end the injection process, the PMA 19 is discharged again via the electrical connections 25 and the " PMA is shortened.
- the hydraulic pressure tension ( hydraulic tensile force) and the spring restoring force of the compression spring 11 pull the valve plate 7 into the valve seat 3 and close In the end position with the valve closed, the hydraulic chamber 29 is maintained with a minimum height.
- the greatest contribution to the restoring force comes from the hydraulic pressure preload.
- the injector volume itself serves as a fuel pressure reservoir for the first injection processes until the injection pump feeds the necessary fuel pressure into the injector.
- a magnetostrictive drive can also be used as the drive to actuate the valve.
- the device described can in principle also be used for inward-opening valves.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10214931 | 2002-04-04 | ||
DE10214931 | 2002-04-04 | ||
PCT/DE2003/001062 WO2003085253A1 (en) | 2002-04-04 | 2003-04-01 | Injection valve |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1511932A1 true EP1511932A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
EP1511932B1 EP1511932B1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
Family
ID=28684751
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03745746A Expired - Lifetime EP1511932B1 (en) | 2002-04-04 | 2003-04-01 | Injection valve |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7886993B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1511932B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4273003B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE50305852D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003085253A1 (en) |
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DE112004000356D2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2006-02-23 | Siemens Ag | Direct injection valve in a cylinder head |
DE102004001679B4 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2009-01-08 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Piezo actuator with means for compensation of the thermal length change and fuel injection valve with piezoelectric actuator |
DE102004021920A1 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2005-12-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector |
EP1854992B1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2010-08-11 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Fuel injection system and method of manufacture |
US7952261B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2011-05-31 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Electroactive polymer transducers for sensory feedback applications |
US20090250021A1 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-10-08 | Artificial Muscle, Inc. | Fluid control systems employing compliant electroactive materials |
US8365700B2 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2013-02-05 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Shaping a fuel charge in a combustion chamber with multiple drivers and/or ionization control |
US8074625B2 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2011-12-13 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Fuel injector actuator assemblies and associated methods of use and manufacture |
US7628137B1 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2009-12-08 | Mcalister Roy E | Multifuel storage, metering and ignition system |
US8413634B2 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2013-04-09 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Integrated fuel injector igniters with conductive cable assemblies |
US8561598B2 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2013-10-22 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Method and system of thermochemical regeneration to provide oxygenated fuel, for example, with fuel-cooled fuel injectors |
US8635985B2 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2014-01-28 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Integrated fuel injectors and igniters and associated methods of use and manufacture |
US8387599B2 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2013-03-05 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for reducing the formation of oxides of nitrogen during combustion in engines |
DE102008020931A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-11-19 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for controlling a piezoelectric actuator in a fuel injector |
US7950596B2 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-05-31 | Caterpillar Inc. | Distributed stiffness biasing spring for actuator system and fuel injector using same |
US8402951B2 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2013-03-26 | Transonic Combustion, Inc. | Reverse operating nonlinear spring |
EP2239793A1 (en) | 2009-04-11 | 2010-10-13 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Electrically switchable polymer film structure and use thereof |
JP5718921B2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2015-05-13 | マクアリスター テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | Configuration of fuel charge in a combustion chamber with multiple drivers and / or ionization control |
CA2783185C (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2014-09-23 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Adaptive control system for fuel injectors and igniters |
WO2011100717A2 (en) | 2010-02-13 | 2011-08-18 | Mcalister Roy E | Methods and systems for adaptively cooling combustion chambers in engines |
WO2011100701A2 (en) | 2010-02-13 | 2011-08-18 | Mcalister Roy E | Fuel injector assemblies having acoustical force modifiers and associated methods of use and manufacture |
US20110297753A1 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-08 | Mcalister Roy E | Integrated fuel injector igniters configured to inject multiple fuels and/or coolants and associated methods of use and manufacture |
EP2366888A1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-09-21 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Valve assembly for an injection valve, injection valve and method for assembling a valve assembly of an injection valve |
US9261060B2 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2016-02-16 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel injector with variable area poppet nozzle |
CN101920850B (en) * | 2010-09-19 | 2012-02-29 | 无锡市华星电力环保修造有限公司 | Gasification nozzle with non-return effect |
US8528519B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2013-09-10 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Integrated fuel injector igniters suitable for large engine applications and associated methods of use and manufacture |
US8091528B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2012-01-10 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Integrated fuel injector igniters having force generating assemblies for injecting and igniting fuel and associated methods of use and manufacture |
US8608127B2 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2013-12-17 | Fluke Corporation | Piezoelectric proportional control valve |
WO2012112615A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-23 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Torque multiplier engines |
KR20140008416A (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2014-01-21 | 바이엘 인텔렉쳐 프로퍼티 게엠베하 | Automated manufacturing processes for producing deformable polymer devices and films |
WO2012129357A2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Electroactive polymer actuator lenticular system |
WO2013025626A1 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-21 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Acoustically actuated flow valve assembly including a plurality of reed valves |
CN103890343B (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2015-07-15 | 麦卡利斯特技术有限责任公司 | Systems and methods for improved engine cooling and energy generation |
EP2568155B1 (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2018-11-14 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Valve assembly and injection valve |
EP2828901B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2017-01-04 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Roll-to-roll manufacturing processes for producing self-healing electroactive polymer devices |
KR20150031285A (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2015-03-23 | 바이엘 인텔렉쳐 프로퍼티 게엠베하 | Stretch frame for stretching process |
US9590193B2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2017-03-07 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Polymer diode |
US9115325B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2015-08-25 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for utilizing alcohol fuels |
US10385807B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-08-20 | Clean Train Propulsion | Efficiency and emissions improvements for natural gas conversions of EMD 2-cycle medium speed engines |
DE102013219225A1 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-26 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Piezo injector for direct fuel injection |
EP2863048B1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2017-12-06 | C.R.F. Società Consortile Per Azioni | Fuel electro-injector for a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine |
DE102014200756A1 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas injector for direct injection of gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber |
DE102014116295A1 (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-12 | Bürkert Werke GmbH | poppet valve |
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-
2003
- 2003-04-01 EP EP03745746A patent/EP1511932B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-01 WO PCT/DE2003/001062 patent/WO2003085253A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-04-01 JP JP2003582410A patent/JP4273003B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-01 DE DE50305852T patent/DE50305852D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-08-23 US US10/924,007 patent/US7886993B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03085253A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4273003B2 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
EP1511932B1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
JP2005528546A (en) | 2005-09-22 |
US20050017096A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
WO2003085253A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
DE50305852D1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
US7886993B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
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