EP1519034B1 - Fuel injection valve - Google Patents

Fuel injection valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1519034B1
EP1519034B1 EP20040104460 EP04104460A EP1519034B1 EP 1519034 B1 EP1519034 B1 EP 1519034B1 EP 20040104460 EP20040104460 EP 20040104460 EP 04104460 A EP04104460 A EP 04104460A EP 1519034 B1 EP1519034 B1 EP 1519034B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
fuel injection
injection valve
sections
housing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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EP20040104460
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1519034A1 (en
Inventor
Fevzi Yildirim
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP1519034A1 publication Critical patent/EP1519034A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/167Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a fuel injection valve with a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator which is in operative connection with a valve needle.
  • the valve needle has at its discharge end a valve closing body which cooperates with a valve seat surface to a sealing seat.
  • a coupler which serves to compensate for changes in length of components of the fuel injection valve, in particular of temperature-induced changes in length of the actuator, is arranged on the inflow side of the actuator module.
  • a coupler in the form of an adaptive, mechanical tolerance compensation with stroke ratio for the stroke of a piezoelectric actuator is known, for example, from EP 0 447 400 A1.
  • the coupler described here has two mutually axially movable sections which form an annular gap and a hydraulic volume.
  • the annular gap connects the hydraulic volume with a compensation chamber.
  • the hydraulic medium between the hydraulic volume and the Exchanged compensation space the annular gap serves as a throttle point. Due to the different sized surfaces of the sections in the hydraulic volume is given a stroke ratio.
  • a disadvantage of the above-mentioned prior art is, in particular, that as a result of prolonged injection phases or Aktorerregonne, which are necessary, for example, at a start of the associated internal combustion engine from hot and cold state, come to oversized loss of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic volume can. The consequence of this is that the valve closing body prematurely closes the sealing seat and the required amount of fuel can not be discharged into the combustion chamber.
  • WO 03/081020 A describes a fuel injection valve which comprises a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator which actuates a valve closing body formed on a valve needle via a hydraulic coupler and which cooperates with a valve seat surface to form a sealing seat.
  • the hydraulic coupler has a Geberkoben and a slave piston.
  • a coupler gap formed between the master piston and the slave piston is dimensioned so that it opens in the cold state of the fuel injection valve by a temperature-induced change in length of the actuator.
  • WO 03/064848 A describes a fuel injection valve for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with a piezoelectric or magnetotrictive actuator, which operates via a hydraulic coupler arranged on a valve needle valve closing body, which cooperates with a valve seat surface to a sealing seat.
  • the coupler has a guide cylinder, in which a master piston and a slave piston are guided, wherein between the master piston and the slave piston, a coupler gap is formed.
  • a first spring exerts a biasing force on the slave piston.
  • EP 1 079 158 A describes a metering device for a valve with a variable length in the axial direction electro-mechanical actuator which is mounted within a tikbehellbaren working chamber of the housing, and which is connected at one end with an axially displaceable hydraulic piston and with a hydraulic chamber through a first fit between the hydraulic piston and the housing is throttled hydraulically connected to the working chamber.
  • the first fit is designed so that is fixed relative to the housing at a rapid change in length of the actuator, the hydraulic piston.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the features of the main claim has the advantage that even with significantly extended injection phases or Aktorerregened the valve closing body can follow the actuator movements in the stroke direction exactly, the flow rate in each operating state of the fuel injector is precisely controlled.
  • the fuel is used as hydraulic medium.
  • the fuel injector This makes it easier to set up and the hydraulic volume can be applied directly to the fuel pressure without the need for complex and pressure-reducing seals.
  • first coupler area of the first coupler section is larger than the second coupler area of the second section.
  • the two coupler sections are piston-shaped and engage from opposite sides in each case at least partially into a coupler housing.
  • the coupler sections are guided in the coupler housing with a first annular gap and a second annular gap, wherein these each form throttle points for the hydraulic medium.
  • the opposing faces of the coupler sections in the coupler housing form the two coupler surfaces over which the hydraulic medium acts axially on the coupler sections.
  • the fuel injection valve can be particularly easy to build.
  • the coupler can be constructed in a particularly simple manner.
  • coupler sections in part, in particular in axial sections, made of a material, in particular aluminum, that under hydraulic pressure deformed more than the material from which the housing and / or the coupler housing consists.
  • the gap is also advantageous to set the gap to 0 to 3 micrometers with a fuel pressure of 0.3 to 0.7 MPa acting axially on the coupler sections or coupler surfaces, with the coupler surfaces at a gap of 0 micrometers only touch almost without pressure.
  • the housing on compensation elements the temperature-related changes in the size of the gap compensate.
  • the size of the gap is thereby independent of temperature fluctuations of the fuel injection valve.
  • the gap is advantageous to dimension the gap at a fuel pressure of 10 MPa or higher to at least 100 micrometers, more preferably at a fuel pressure of 60 Mpa or higher to at least 25 micrometers.
  • the function of the coupler is ensured in this way at higher fuel pressures.
  • An inventive fuel injection valve 1 shown in an axial sectional view in FIG. 1 is used in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of a mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engine.
  • a valve needle 8 In a hollow cylindrical housing 5, which tapers stepwise downwards in the direction of discharge, a valve needle 8, an actuator 2 and a hydraulic coupler 3 are arranged coaxially to one another.
  • the housing 5 On the inflow side, the housing 5 is hermetically sealed by a housing cover 4.
  • On the housing cover 4 On the housing cover 4 is supported on the inside of the actuator 2 with its inflow end.
  • the actuator 2 On the outflow side, the actuator 2 has a disk-shaped actuator head 10.
  • the actuator head 10 is axially movably guided in a hollow cylindrical actuator housing 9.
  • the actuator housing 9 has at the downstream end an inwardly facing third flange 16 and is hermetically attached to the housing cover 4 on the inflow side.
  • a third spring element 22 is clamped between the actuator head 10 and the third flange 22 with a bias and holds the actuator head 10 in constant contact with the actuator. 2
  • the hydraulic coupler 3 is disposed between the actuator 2 and the valve needle 8, wherein in a coupler housing 25, a first coupler section 23 on the inflow side and a second coupler section 24 downstream partially engage.
  • the first coupler section 23 has on the inflow side a rod-shaped, consisting of aluminum intermediate piece 34 and downstream a cup-shaped end piece 35.
  • the intermediate piece 34 engages the outflow side to the bottom of the cup-shaped end piece, where it is firmly bonded, for example, and engages on the inflow side partially into the actuator housing 9, where it is firmly connected to the actuator head 10.
  • the flexible portion 26 is hermetically sealed with one end in the region of the downstream end of the actuator housing 9 and the other end on the intermediate piece 34.
  • the second coupler section 24 is piston-shaped.
  • the first coupler section 23 has a first coupler face 28 and the second coupler section 24 has a second coupler face 29, the coupler faces 28, 29 being disposed on the opposite end faces of the coupler sections 23, 24 are.
  • the first is also Coupler face 28 larger than the second coupler face 29.
  • the two coupler sections 23, 24 are spaced by a gap 27.
  • the size of the gap 27 is variable by the axial displaceability of the coupler sections between 0 and for example 50 microns.
  • a hydraulic volume 17 is arranged, which is bounded by the coupler housing 25 and the two coupler sections 23, 24, wherein in this embodiment, the hydraulic volume 17 via a through a first annular gap 32nd produced first throttle body 30 and is connected via a generated by a second annular gap 33 second throttle body 31 with the fuel-filled interior of the housing 5 in connection.
  • a second flange 15 is arranged in the region of the downstream end of the second coupler section 24 in the region of the downstream end of the second coupler section 24 .
  • a second spring element 21 is clamped between the second flange 15 and the edge of the coupler housing 25 which is thickened downstream and biases the second coupler section 24 slightly in the direction of discharge. Downstream of the second coupler section 24, the valve needle 8 is arranged.
  • the valve needle 8 On the discharge side, the valve needle 8 has a valve closing body 7 and engages through a valve seat body 6 arranged at the discharge end of the housing 5.
  • the valve seat body 6 has a centrally disposed injection opening 12 and a valve seat surface 13 which cooperates with the valve closing body 7 to form a sealing seat.
  • the valve needle 8 On the inflow side, the valve needle 8 has a first flange 14. Between the first flange 14 and the valve seat body 6, a first spring element 20 is clamped, which pulls the valve closing body 7 in the sealing seat and as the second spring element 21 and the third spring element 22 is formed spirally.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 opens to the outside.
  • compensation elements 36 which consist for example of Invar steel, compensate for the temperature-induced changes in length, which could affect the size of the gap, so that the size of the gap 27 is just before a start of the engine from hot and cold state at 0 microns.
  • the fuel pressure is usually 0.5 MPa, since a mechanical drive of a pump by the internal combustion engine is not possible. Instead, the fuel pressure is usually generated by an electrically driven pump, which, without having to operate much effort, only about 0.3 to 0.7 MPa applies.
  • both hot and cold internal combustion engine usually a multiple of the full load fuel quantity is injected. This is achieved by extended valve opening times or longer Aktorerregonne.
  • Aktorerregonne In conventional fuel injection valves, especially in hot start phases, escapes from the hydraulic coupler in these starting phases so much hydraulic medium that the valve closing body 7 can not be sufficiently actuated by the actuator 2. The seal seat closes too early and the required amount of fuel can not be injected.
  • the valve needle 8 and the valve closing body 7 is operated directly in start phases, without interposition of a hydraulic cushion.
  • the size of the gap 27 is ideally between 25 and 100 microns.
  • the increased fuel pressure which acts axially in opposite directions on the two coupler sections 23, 24 via the two coupler surfaces 28, 29, causes a compression in the axial direction of the example made of aluminum intermediate piece 34, whereby during operation of the coupler. 3 the functions, Hubüber GmbH and / or compensation of temperature-induced changes in length of the actuator 2, can take over.
  • the actuator 2 If the actuator 2 is energized after the starting phase via an electrical line, not shown, it expands quickly. Since the hydraulic medium can not flow off quickly enough through the throttle points 30, 31 from the hydraulic volume 17, the coupler 3 behaves very stiff, whereby the length of the actuator 2 acts almost completely on the valve needle 8. The valve needle 8 is moved axially against the biasing force of the first spring element 20 in the discharge direction. As a result, the sealing seat opens and the pressure-fed fuel is sprayed via the injection opening 12 into the combustion chamber, not shown. Slow changes in length of the actuator 2 are compensated by the exchange of hydraulic fluid between the hydraulic volume 17 and the fuel-filled interior of the housing 5.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments and may, for. B. also be used for inward-opening fuel injectors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of the main claim.

Beispielsweise ist aus der DE 35 33 085 A1 ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem piezoelektrischen oder magnetostriktiven Aktor bekannt, welcher in Wirkverbindung mit einer Ventilnadel steht. Die Ventilnadel weist an ihrem abspritzseitigen Ende einen Ventilschließkörper auf, der mit einer Ventilsitzfläche zu einem Dichtsitz zusammenwirkt. Ein Koppler, welcher zum Ausgleich von Längenänderungen von Bauteilen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils, insbesondere von temperaturbedingten Längenänderungen des Aktors, dient, ist zuströmseitig des Aktormoduls angeordnet.For example, from DE 35 33 085 A1 a fuel injection valve with a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator is known, which is in operative connection with a valve needle. The valve needle has at its discharge end a valve closing body which cooperates with a valve seat surface to a sealing seat. A coupler, which serves to compensate for changes in length of components of the fuel injection valve, in particular of temperature-induced changes in length of the actuator, is arranged on the inflow side of the actuator module.

Ein Koppler in Form eines adaptiven, mechanischen Toleranzausgleichs mit Hubübersetzung für den Hub eines piezoelektrischen Aktors, ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 447 400 A1 gekannt. Der hier beschriebene Koppler weist zwei gegeneinander axial bewegliche Abschnitte auf, die einen Ringspalt und ein Hydraulik-Volumen bilden. Der Ringspalt verbindet das Hydraulik-Volumen mit einem Ausgleichsraum. Zum Ausgleich von Längenänderungen des Aktors wird das Hydraulikmedium zwischen dem Hydraulik-Volumen und dem Ausgleichsraum ausgetauscht, wobei der Ringspalt als Drosselstelle dient. Durch die unterschiedlich großen Flächen der Abschnitte im Hydraulik-Volumen ist eine Hubübersetzung gegeben.A coupler in the form of an adaptive, mechanical tolerance compensation with stroke ratio for the stroke of a piezoelectric actuator is known, for example, from EP 0 447 400 A1. The coupler described here has two mutually axially movable sections which form an annular gap and a hydraulic volume. The annular gap connects the hydraulic volume with a compensation chamber. To compensate for changes in length of the actuator, the hydraulic medium between the hydraulic volume and the Exchanged compensation space, the annular gap serves as a throttle point. Due to the different sized surfaces of the sections in the hydraulic volume is given a stroke ratio.

Nachteilig bei dem obengenannten Stand der Technik ist insbesondere, dass es in Folge von länger dauernden Einspritzphasen bzw. Aktorerregungen, die beispielsweise bei einem Start der zugehörigen Brennkraftmaschine aus heißem sowie aus kaltem Zustand notwendig sind, zu übergroßem Verlust der Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem Hydraulik-Volumen kommen kann. Die Folge davon ist, dass der Ventilschließkörper vorzeitig den Dichtsitz schließt und die erforderliche Brennstoffmenge nicht in den Brennraum abgegeben werden kann.A disadvantage of the above-mentioned prior art is, in particular, that as a result of prolonged injection phases or Aktorerregungen, which are necessary, for example, at a start of the associated internal combustion engine from hot and cold state, come to oversized loss of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic volume can. The consequence of this is that the valve closing body prematurely closes the sealing seat and the required amount of fuel can not be discharged into the combustion chamber.

WO 03/081020 A beschreibt ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil, welches einen piezoelektrischen oder magnetostriktiven Aktor, der über einen hydraulischen Koppler einen an einer Ventilnadel ausgebildeten Ventilschließkörper betätigt, der mit einer Ventilsitzfläche zu einem Dichtsitz zusammenwirkt, umfasst. Der hydraulische Koppler weist einen Geberkoben sowie einen Nehmerkolben auf. Ein zwischen dem Geberkolben und dem Nehmerkolben ausgebildeter Kopplerspalt ist so bemessen, dass er im kalten Zustand des Brennstoffeinspritzventils durch eine temperaturbedingte Längenänderung des Aktors öffnet.WO 03/081020 A describes a fuel injection valve which comprises a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator which actuates a valve closing body formed on a valve needle via a hydraulic coupler and which cooperates with a valve seat surface to form a sealing seat. The hydraulic coupler has a Geberkoben and a slave piston. A coupler gap formed between the master piston and the slave piston is dimensioned so that it opens in the cold state of the fuel injection valve by a temperature-induced change in length of the actuator.

WO 03/064848 A beschreibt ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil zum direkten Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem piezoelektrischen oder magneotstriktiven Aktor, der über einen hydraulischen Koppler einen an einer Ventilnadel angeordneten Ventilschließsskörper betätigt, der mit einer Ventilsitzfläche zu einem Dichtsitz zusammenwirkt. Der Koppler weist einen Führungszylinder auf, in welchem ein Geberkolben und ein Nehmerkolben geführt sind,
wobei zwischen dem Geberkolben und dem Nehmerkolben ein Kopplerspalt ausgebildet ist. Eine erste Feder übt eine Vorspannkraft auf den Nehmerkolben aus.
WO 03/064848 A describes a fuel injection valve for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with a piezoelectric or magnetotrictive actuator, which operates via a hydraulic coupler arranged on a valve needle valve closing body, which cooperates with a valve seat surface to a sealing seat. The coupler has a guide cylinder, in which a master piston and a slave piston are guided,
wherein between the master piston and the slave piston, a coupler gap is formed. A first spring exerts a biasing force on the slave piston.

EP 1 079 158 A beschreibt eine Dosiervorrichtung für ein Ventil mit einem in axialer Richtung längenveränderbaren elektro-mechanischen Aktor, der innerhalb einer druckbefüllbaren Arbeitskammer des Gehäuses angebracht ist, und der an einer Stirnseite mit einem axialverschiebbaren Hydraulikkolben verbunden ist und mit einer Hydraulikkammer, die durch eine erste Passung zwischen dem Hydraulikkolben und dem Gehäuse mit der Arbeitskammer gedrosselt hydraulisch verbunden ist. Die erste Passung ist dabei so ausgelegt, dass bei einer schnellen Längenänderung des Aktors der Hydraulikkolben relativ zum Gehäuse feststeht.EP 1 079 158 A describes a metering device for a valve with a variable length in the axial direction electro-mechanical actuator which is mounted within a druckbefüllbaren working chamber of the housing, and which is connected at one end with an axially displaceable hydraulic piston and with a hydraulic chamber through a first fit between the hydraulic piston and the housing is throttled hydraulically connected to the working chamber. The first fit is designed so that is fixed relative to the housing at a rapid change in length of the actuator, the hydraulic piston.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass auch bei deutlich verlängerten Einspritzphasen bzw. Aktorerregungen der Ventilschließkörper den Aktorbewegungen in Hubrichtung genau folgen kann, wobei die Durchflussmenge in jedem Betriebszustand des Brennstoffeinspritzventils genau steuerbar ist.The fuel injector according to the invention with the features of the main claim has the advantage that even with significantly extended injection phases or Aktorerregungen the valve closing body can follow the actuator movements in the stroke direction exactly, the flow rate in each operating state of the fuel injector is precisely controlled.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzventils möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous developments of the fuel injection valve specified in the main claim are possible.

In einer ersten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird der Brennstoff als Hydraulikmedium verwendet. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil lässt sich dadurch einfacher aufbauen und das Hydraulik-Volumen kann direkt, ohne aufwendige und druckmindernde Dichtungen, mit dem Brennstoffdruck beaufschlagt werden.In a first development of the fuel injection valve according to the invention, the fuel is used as hydraulic medium. The fuel injector This makes it easier to set up and the hydraulic volume can be applied directly to the fuel pressure without the need for complex and pressure-reducing seals.

Vorteilhaft ist es zudem, wenn die erste Koppler-Fläche des ersten Koppler-Abschnitts größer ist als die zweite Koppler-Fläche des zweiten Abschnitts. Dadurch läßt sich ein Hubübersetzungsverhältnis zwischen Aktorhub und Nadelhub erreichen, wobei sich der Ventilnadelhub vergrößert.It is also advantageous if the first coupler area of the first coupler section is larger than the second coupler area of the second section. As a result, a Hubübersetzungsverhältnis between Aktorhub and Nadelhub can be achieved, with the Ventilnadelhub increases.

In einer weiteren Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils sind die beiden Koppler-Abschnitte kolbenförmig geformt und greifen von entgegengesetzten Seiten jeweils zumindest teilweise in ein Kopplergehäuse ein. Die Koppler-Abschnitte sind in dem Kopplergehäuse mit einem ersten Ringspalt und einem zweiten Ringspalt geführt, wobei diese jeweils Drosselstellen für das Hydraulikmedium bilden.In a further development of the fuel injection valve according to the invention, the two coupler sections are piston-shaped and engage from opposite sides in each case at least partially into a coupler housing. The coupler sections are guided in the coupler housing with a first annular gap and a second annular gap, wherein these each form throttle points for the hydraulic medium.

Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die sich im Kopplergehäuse gegenüberliegenden Stirnflächen der Koppler-Abschnitte die beiden Koppler-Flächen bilden, über die das Hydraulikmedium axial auf die Koppler-Abschnitte wirkt. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil läßt sich dadurch besonders leicht aufbauen.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the opposing faces of the coupler sections in the coupler housing form the two coupler surfaces over which the hydraulic medium acts axially on the coupler sections. The fuel injection valve can be particularly easy to build.

Wird das Hydraulik-Volumen durch das Kopplergehäuse und die beiden Koppler-Abschnitte begrenzt, so kann der Koppler in besonders einfacher Weise aufgebaut werden.If the hydraulic volume is limited by the coupler housing and the two coupler sections, the coupler can be constructed in a particularly simple manner.

Vorteilhaft ist es weiterhin, wenn zumindest einer der Koppler-Abschnitte zum Teil, insbesondere in axialen Teilabschnitten, aus einem Material, insbesondere aus Aluminium, besteht, daß sich unter hydraulischem Druck stärker verformt als das Material, aus welchem das Gehäuse und/oder das Kopplergehäuse besteht.It is also advantageous if at least one of the coupler sections in part, in particular in axial sections, made of a material, in particular aluminum, that under hydraulic pressure deformed more than the material from which the housing and / or the coupler housing consists.

Vorteilhaft ist es zudem, den Spalt bei einem axial auf die Koppler-Abschnitte bzw. Koppler-Flächen wirkenden Brennstoffdruck von 0,3 bis 0,7 MPa auf 0 bis 3 Mikrometern einzustellen, wobei sich die Koppler-Flächen bei einem Spalt von 0 Mikrometern lediglich nahezu drucklos berühren.It is also advantageous to set the gap to 0 to 3 micrometers with a fuel pressure of 0.3 to 0.7 MPa acting axially on the coupler sections or coupler surfaces, with the coupler surfaces at a gap of 0 micrometers only touch almost without pressure.

Vorteilhafterweise weist das Gehäuse Ausgleichselemente auf, die temperaturbedingte Änderungen der Größe des Spalts kompensieren. Die Größe des Spalts wird dadurch unabhängig von Temperaturschwankungen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils.Advantageously, the housing on compensation elements, the temperature-related changes in the size of the gap compensate. The size of the gap is thereby independent of temperature fluctuations of the fuel injection valve.

Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, den Spalt bei einem Brennstoffdruck von 10 MPa oder höher auf mindestens 100 Mikrometer, besonders bevorzugt bei einem Brennstoffdruck von 60 Mpa oder höher auf mindestens 25 Mikrometer, zu bemessen. Die Funktion des Kopplers wird in dieser Weise bei höheren Brennstoffdrücken sichergestellt.Furthermore, it is advantageous to dimension the gap at a fuel pressure of 10 MPa or higher to at least 100 micrometers, more preferably at a fuel pressure of 60 Mpa or higher to at least 25 micrometers. The function of the coupler is ensured in this way at higher fuel pressures.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine vereinfachte schematische axiale Schnittdarstellung durch das Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. It shows:
Fig. 1
a simplified schematic axial sectional view through the embodiment of a fuel injection valve according to the invention.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung beispielhaft beschrieben.Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described by way of example.

Ein in Fig. 1 in einer axialen Schnittdarstellung gezeigtes erfindungsgemäßes Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 dient insbesondere zum direkten Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einen Brennraum einer gemischverdichtenden, fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine.An inventive fuel injection valve 1 shown in an axial sectional view in FIG. 1 is used in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of a mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engine.

In einem sich stufenartig nach unten in Abspritzrichtung verjüngenden hohlzylindrischen Gehäuse 5 sind eine Ventilnadel 8, ein Aktor 2 und ein hydraulischer Koppler 3 jeweils zueinander koaxial angeordnet. Zuströmseitig ist das Gehäuse 5 durch einen Gehäusedeckel 4 hermetisch dicht verschlossen. Am Gehäusedeckel 4 stützt sich an der Innenseite der Aktor 2 mit seinem zuströmseitigen Ende ab.In a hollow cylindrical housing 5, which tapers stepwise downwards in the direction of discharge, a valve needle 8, an actuator 2 and a hydraulic coupler 3 are arranged coaxially to one another. On the inflow side, the housing 5 is hermetically sealed by a housing cover 4. On the housing cover 4 is supported on the inside of the actuator 2 with its inflow end.

Abströmseitig weist der Aktor 2 einen scheibenförmigen Aktorkopf 10 auf. Der Aktorkopf 10 ist in einem hohlzylindrischen Aktorgehäuse 9 axial beweglich geführt. Das Aktorgehäuse 9 weist am abströmseitigen Ende einen nach innen weisenden dritten Flansch 16 auf und ist zuströmseitig hermetisch dicht am Gehäusedeckel 4 befestigt. Ein drittes Federelement 22 ist zwischen dem Aktorkopf 10 und dem dritten Flansch 22 mit einer Vorspannung eingespannt und hält den Aktorkopf 10 in ständiger Anlage an den Aktor 2.On the outflow side, the actuator 2 has a disk-shaped actuator head 10. The actuator head 10 is axially movably guided in a hollow cylindrical actuator housing 9. The actuator housing 9 has at the downstream end an inwardly facing third flange 16 and is hermetically attached to the housing cover 4 on the inflow side. A third spring element 22 is clamped between the actuator head 10 and the third flange 22 with a bias and holds the actuator head 10 in constant contact with the actuator. 2

Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der hydraulische Koppler 3 zwischen dem Aktor 2 und der Ventilnadel 8 angeordnet, wobei in ein Kopplergehäuse 25 ein erster Koppler-Abschnitt 23 zuströmseitig und ein zweiter Koppler-Abschnitt 24 abströmseitig teilweise eingreifen. Der erste Koppler-Abschnitt 23 weist zuströmseitig ein stabförmiges, aus Aluminium bestehendes Zwischenstück 34 und abströmseitig ein becherförmiges Endstück 35 auf. Das Zwischenstück 34 greift abströmseitig bis zum Boden des becherförmigen Endstücks ein, ist dort beispielsweise stoffschlüssig fixiert und greift zuströmseitig teilweise in das Aktorgehäuse 9 ein, wo es mit dem Aktorkopf 10 fest verbunden ist.In the illustrated embodiment, the hydraulic coupler 3 is disposed between the actuator 2 and the valve needle 8, wherein in a coupler housing 25, a first coupler section 23 on the inflow side and a second coupler section 24 downstream partially engage. The first coupler section 23 has on the inflow side a rod-shaped, consisting of aluminum intermediate piece 34 and downstream a cup-shaped end piece 35. The intermediate piece 34 engages the outflow side to the bottom of the cup-shaped end piece, where it is firmly bonded, for example, and engages on the inflow side partially into the actuator housing 9, where it is firmly connected to the actuator head 10.

Ein flexibler Abschnitt 26, der beispielsweise wellrohrförmig oder lochscheibenförmig ausgebildet ist, dichtet das Aktorgehäuse 9 gegen Brennstoff ab. Der flexible Abschnitt 26 ist mit einem Ende im Bereich des abströmseitigen Endes des Aktorgehäuses 9 und mit dem anderen Ende am Zwischenstück 34 hermetisch dicht gefügt. Der zweite Koppler-Abschnitt 24 ist kolbenförmig ausgebildet. Der erste Koppler-Abschnitt 23 weist eine erste Koppler-Fläche 28 und der zweite Koppler-Abschnitt 24 weist eine zweite Koppler-Fläche 29 auf, wobei die Koppler-Flächen 28, 29 an den sich gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten der Koppler-Abschnitten 23, 24 angeordnet sind.A flexible portion 26, which is formed, for example corrugated pipe or hole-disc-shaped seals the actuator housing 9 against fuel. The flexible portion 26 is hermetically sealed with one end in the region of the downstream end of the actuator housing 9 and the other end on the intermediate piece 34. The second coupler section 24 is piston-shaped. The first coupler section 23 has a first coupler face 28 and the second coupler section 24 has a second coupler face 29, the coupler faces 28, 29 being disposed on the opposite end faces of the coupler sections 23, 24 are.

Da der zweite Koppler-Abschnitt 24 im Durchmesser kleiner ist als der erste Koppler-Abschnitt 23, ist auch die erste Koppler-Fläche 28 größer als die zweite Koppler-Fläche 29. Die beiden Koppler-Abschnitte 23, 24 sind durch einen Spalt 27 beabstandet. Die Größe des Spalts 27 ist durch die axiale Verschiebbarkeit der Koppler-Abschnitte zwischen 0 und beispielsweise 50 Mikrometer variabel.Since the second coupler portion 24 is smaller in diameter than the first coupler portion 23, the first is also Coupler face 28 larger than the second coupler face 29. The two coupler sections 23, 24 are spaced by a gap 27. The size of the gap 27 is variable by the axial displaceability of the coupler sections between 0 and for example 50 microns.

Im sich ebenfalls in Strömungsrichtung stufenartig verjüngenden Kopplergehäuse 25 ist ein Hydraulik-Volumen 17 angeordnet, welches durch das Kopplergehäuse 25 und die beiden Koppler-Abschnitte 23, 24 begrenzt wird, wobei in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel das Hydraulik-Volumen 17 über eine durch einen ersten Ringspalt 32 erzeugte erste Drosselstelle 30 und über eine durch einen zweiten Ringspalt 33 erzeugte zweite Drosselstelle 31 mit dem brennstoffbefüllten Inneren des Gehäuses 5 in Verbindung steht.In the likewise in the flow direction stepwise tapered coupler housing 25, a hydraulic volume 17 is arranged, which is bounded by the coupler housing 25 and the two coupler sections 23, 24, wherein in this embodiment, the hydraulic volume 17 via a through a first annular gap 32nd produced first throttle body 30 and is connected via a generated by a second annular gap 33 second throttle body 31 with the fuel-filled interior of the housing 5 in connection.

Im Bereich des abströmseitigen Endes des zweiten Koppler-Abschnitts 24 ist ein zweiter Flansch 15 angeordnet. Ein zweites Federelement 21 ist zwischen dem zweiten Flansch 15 und dem abströmseitig verdickten Rand des Kopplergehäuses 25 eingespannt und spannt den zweiten Koppler-Abschnitt 24 leicht in Abspritzrichtung vor. Abströmseitig des zweiten Koppler-Abschnitts 24 ist die Ventilnadel 8 angeordnet.In the region of the downstream end of the second coupler section 24, a second flange 15 is arranged. A second spring element 21 is clamped between the second flange 15 and the edge of the coupler housing 25 which is thickened downstream and biases the second coupler section 24 slightly in the direction of discharge. Downstream of the second coupler section 24, the valve needle 8 is arranged.

Abspritzseitig weist die Ventilnadel 8 einen Ventilschließkörper 7 auf und greift durch einen am abspritzseitigen Ende des Gehäuses 5 angeordneten Ventilsitzkörper 6. Der Ventilsitzkörper 6 weist eine zentriert angeordnete Abspritzöffnung 12 und eine Ventilsitzfläche 13 auf, die mit dem Ventilschließkörper 7 zu einem Dichtsitz zusammenwirkt. Zuströmseitig weist die Ventilnadel 8 einen ersten Flansch 14 auf. Zwischen dem ersten Flansch 14 und dem Ventilsitzkörper 6 ist ein erstes Federelement 20 eingespannt, das den Ventilschließkörper 7 in den Dichtsitz zieht und wie das zweite Federelement 21 und das dritte Federelement 22 spiralförmig ausgebildet ist. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 öffnet nach außen.On the discharge side, the valve needle 8 has a valve closing body 7 and engages through a valve seat body 6 arranged at the discharge end of the housing 5. The valve seat body 6 has a centrally disposed injection opening 12 and a valve seat surface 13 which cooperates with the valve closing body 7 to form a sealing seat. On the inflow side, the valve needle 8 has a first flange 14. Between the first flange 14 and the valve seat body 6, a first spring element 20 is clamped, which pulls the valve closing body 7 in the sealing seat and as the second spring element 21 and the third spring element 22 is formed spirally. The fuel injection valve 1 opens to the outside.

Im Ruhezustand des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 bzw. der zugehörigen abgestellten Brennkraftmaschine liegt die Größe des Spalts 27 bei Drücken unterhalb von 0,7 MPa idealerweise bei 0 Mikrometern, wobei sich die beiden Koppler-Flächen 28, 29 nur nahezu drucklos berühren. Im Ventilgehäuse eingebrachte Ausgleichselemente 36, welche beispielsweise aus Invar-Stahl bestehen, kompensieren die temperaturbedingten Längenänderungen, die die Größe des Spalts beeinflussen könnten, so daß die Größe des Spalts 27 kurz vor einem Start der Brennkraftmaschine aus heißem und kaltem Zustand bei 0 Mikrometern liegt. Bei einem Start der Brennkraftmaschine liegt der Brennstoffdruck üblicherweise bei 0,5 MPa, da ein mechanischer Antrieb einer Pumpe durch die Brennkraftmaschine nicht möglich ist. Statt dessen wird der Brennstoffdruck üblicherweise durch eine elektrisch angetriebene Pumpe erzeugt, die, ohne großen Aufwand betreiben zu müssen,lediglich ca. 0,3 bis 0,7 MPa aufbringt.In the idle state of the fuel injection valve 1 or the associated parked internal combustion engine, the size of the gap 27 at pressures below 0.7 MPa ideally at 0 microns, with the two coupler surfaces 28, 29 touch only almost without pressure. In the valve housing introduced compensation elements 36, which consist for example of Invar steel, compensate for the temperature-induced changes in length, which could affect the size of the gap, so that the size of the gap 27 is just before a start of the engine from hot and cold state at 0 microns. At a start of the internal combustion engine, the fuel pressure is usually 0.5 MPa, since a mechanical drive of a pump by the internal combustion engine is not possible. Instead, the fuel pressure is usually generated by an electrically driven pump, which, without having to operate much effort, only about 0.3 to 0.7 MPa applies.

In Startphasen, sowohl bei heißer als auch kalter Brennkraftmaschine, wird üblicherweise ein Vielfaches der Volllastbrennstoffmenge eingespritzt. Dies wird durch verlängerte Ventilöffnungszeiten bzw. längere Aktorerregungen erreicht. Bei herkömmlichen Brennstoffeinspritzventilen, insbesondere in Heißstartphasen, entweicht aus dem hydraulischen Koppler in diesen Startphasen soviel Hydraulikmedium, daß der Ventilschließkörper 7 nicht mehr ausreichend durch den Aktor 2 betätigt werden kann. Der Dichtsitz schließt zu früh und die erforderliche Menge an Brennstoff kann nicht eingespritzt werden. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 wird in Startphasen die Ventilnadel 8 bzw. der Ventilschließkörper 7 direkt, ohne Zwischenlage eines Hydraulikpolsters, betätigt.In starting phases, both hot and cold internal combustion engine, usually a multiple of the full load fuel quantity is injected. This is achieved by extended valve opening times or longer Aktorerregungen. In conventional fuel injection valves, especially in hot start phases, escapes from the hydraulic coupler in these starting phases so much hydraulic medium that the valve closing body 7 can not be sufficiently actuated by the actuator 2. The seal seat closes too early and the required amount of fuel can not be injected. In the fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention, the valve needle 8 and the valve closing body 7 is operated directly in start phases, without interposition of a hydraulic cushion.

Im Betrieb der nicht dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine, nach längerer Laufzeit bzw. bei einem sich üblicherweise kurz nach dem Start der Brennkraftmaschine einstellenden Brennstoffdruck von 10 MPa oder mehr, beträgt die Größe des Spalts 27 idealerweise zwischen 25 und 100 Mikrometer. Der erhöhte Brennstoffdruck, welcher axial in jeweils entgegengesetzten Richtungen auf die beiden Koppler-Abschnitte 23, 24 über die beiden Koppler-Flächen 28, 29 wirkt, bewirkt eine Stauchung in axialer Richtung des beispielsweise aus Aluminium gefertigten Zwischenstücks 34, wodurch im laufenden Betrieb der Koppler 3 die Funktionen, Hubübersetzung und/oder Ausgleich von temperaturbedingten Längenänderungen des Aktors 2, übernehmen kann.In the operation of the internal combustion engine, not shown, after a longer period of time or at a usually shortly after the start of the internal combustion engine adjusting fuel pressure of 10 MPa or more, the size of the gap 27 is ideally between 25 and 100 microns. Of the increased fuel pressure, which acts axially in opposite directions on the two coupler sections 23, 24 via the two coupler surfaces 28, 29, causes a compression in the axial direction of the example made of aluminum intermediate piece 34, whereby during operation of the coupler. 3 the functions, Hubübersetzung and / or compensation of temperature-induced changes in length of the actuator 2, can take over.

Wird nach der Startphase der Aktor 2 über eine nicht dargestellte elektrische Leitung erregt, so dehnt er sich schnell aus. Da das Hydraulikmedium nicht schnell genug durch die Drosselstellen 30, 31 aus dem Hydraulik-Volumen 17 abfließen kann, verhält sich der Koppler 3 sehr steif, wodurch die Längenausdehnung des Aktors 2 fast vollständig auf die Ventilnadel 8 wirkt. Die Ventilnadel 8 wird entgegen der Vorspannkraft des ersten Federelements 20 axial in Abspritzrichtung bewegt. Dadurch öffnet der Dichtsitz und der druckbehaftet zugeleitete Brennstoff wird über die Abspritzöffnung 12 in den nicht dargestellten Brennraum abgespritzt. Langsame Längenänderungen des Aktors 2 werden durch den Austausch von Hydraulikmedium zwischen dem Hydraulik-Volumen 17 und dem brennstoffbefüllten Inneren des Gehäuses 5 ausgeglichen.If the actuator 2 is energized after the starting phase via an electrical line, not shown, it expands quickly. Since the hydraulic medium can not flow off quickly enough through the throttle points 30, 31 from the hydraulic volume 17, the coupler 3 behaves very stiff, whereby the length of the actuator 2 acts almost completely on the valve needle 8. The valve needle 8 is moved axially against the biasing force of the first spring element 20 in the discharge direction. As a result, the sealing seat opens and the pressure-fed fuel is sprayed via the injection opening 12 into the combustion chamber, not shown. Slow changes in length of the actuator 2 are compensated by the exchange of hydraulic fluid between the hydraulic volume 17 and the fuel-filled interior of the housing 5.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt und kann z. B. auch für nach innen öffnende Brennstoffeinspritzventile verwendet werden.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments and may, for. B. also be used for inward-opening fuel injectors.

Claims (10)

  1. Fuel injection valve (1), in particular for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a housing (5), a piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive actuator (2), a valve-closing body (7) which is operatively connected to the actuator (2) and interacts with a valve seat face (13) to form a sealing seat, and a coupler (3) which has a first coupler section (23) with a first coupler face (28) and a second coupler section (24) with a second coupler face (29), the two coupler sections (23, 24) being movable with respect to one another and being operatively connected to one another in a hydraulic volume (17), and the hydraulic volume (17) being filled with hydraulic medium which is input and output via at least one throttle point (30, 31) and pressure being applied to said hydraulic volume (17) by the fuel, and a gap (27) via which the hydraulic medium respectively acts in an axial direction on the coupler faces (28, 29) or coupler sections (23, 24) being arranged between the coupler sections (23, 24),
    the fuel pressure acting on at least one of the two coupler sections (23, 24) in such a way that said section is shortened axially, the gap (27) becoming larger as the fuel pressure increases, characterized in that the at least one coupler section of the coupler sections (23, 24) is composed at least partially of a material which deforms to a greater extent under hydraulic pressure than the material from which the housing (5) and/or the coupler housing (25) is composed.
  2. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic medium is the fuel.
  3. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first coupler face (28) is larger than the second coupler face (29).
  4. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two coupler sections (23, 24) are each formed in a piston shape in the region of their ends which engage at least partially in a coupler housing (25) from opposite sides, and said coupler sections (23, 24) thus engage in the coupler housing (25) in such a way that first the coupler section (23) is guided in a first annular gap (32) which forms a first throttle point (30), and that the second coupler section (24) is guided in a second annular gap (33) which forms a second throttle point (31).
  5. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 4, characterized in that the two coupler faces (28, 29) of the coupler sections (23, 24) are formed from the end faces of the coupler sections (23, 24) which lie opposite one another in the coupler housing (25).
  6. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the hydraulic volume (17) is bounded by the coupler housing (25) and the two coupler sections (23, 24).
  7. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the coupler sections (23, 24) is composed at least partially of aluminium.
  8. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gap (27) of 0 to 3 micrometers is produced when a fuel pressure of 0.3 to 0.7 MPa acts axially on the coupler sections (23, 24) or coupler faces (28, 29), the coupler faces (28, 29) being in contact only in a virtually pressureless fashion when there is a gap (25) of 0 micrometers.
  9. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 8, characterized in that the housing (5) has equalizing elements (36) which compensate temperature-related changes in the size of the gap (27).
  10. Fuel injection valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gap (27) between 25 micrometers is produced when a fuel pressure of 10 MPa or more acts axially on the coupler sections (23, 24) or coupler faces (28, 29).
EP20040104460 2003-09-17 2004-09-15 Fuel injection valve Expired - Fee Related EP1519034B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003143086 DE10343086A1 (en) 2003-09-17 2003-09-17 Brenntoffeinspritzventil
DE10343086 2003-09-17

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DE102004002309A1 (en) * 2004-01-16 2005-08-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector with direct needle spreader
DE102007002402B4 (en) * 2006-12-13 2014-12-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas injection device for an internal combustion engine
US10006429B2 (en) 2016-03-31 2018-06-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Variable-area poppet nozzle actuator

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DE59010904D1 (en) * 1990-09-25 2000-05-31 Siemens Ag Arrangement for an adaptive, mechanical tolerance compensation acting in the stroke direction for the displacement transformer of a piezoelectric actuator
DE19839125C1 (en) * 1998-08-27 2000-04-20 Siemens Ag Device and method for dosing fluid
DE19940056A1 (en) * 1999-08-24 2001-03-22 Siemens Ag Dosing device and method for dosing
DE10203659A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-07-31 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injector
DE10203655A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2004-01-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector
DE10213858A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injector

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