EP1510582A1 - Method for producing L-amino acid using bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family, having nir operon inactivated - Google Patents

Method for producing L-amino acid using bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family, having nir operon inactivated Download PDF

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EP1510582A1
EP1510582A1 EP04020085A EP04020085A EP1510582A1 EP 1510582 A1 EP1510582 A1 EP 1510582A1 EP 04020085 A EP04020085 A EP 04020085A EP 04020085 A EP04020085 A EP 04020085A EP 1510582 A1 EP1510582 A1 EP 1510582A1
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bacterium
amino acid
operon
producing
nir
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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Leonid Romanovich Ptitsyn
Irina Borisovna Altman
Sergey Vasil'evich Smirnov
Natalia Nikolaevna Samsonova
Vladimir Yurievich Ermishev
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
    • C12N9/0012—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
    • C12N9/0036—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on NADH or NADPH (1.6)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/1003—Transferases (2.) transferring one-carbon groups (2.1)
    • C12N9/1007—Methyltransferases (general) (2.1.1.)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/10—Citrulline; Arginine; Ornithine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the microbiological industry, and specifically to a method for producing an L-amino acid using bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family, wherein the nir operon, including the nirBDC-cysG genes, is inactivated.
  • Escherichia coli possesses two biochemically distinct nitrite reductase enzymes encoded by the nrfABCDEFG and nirBDC operons, respectively (Cole, J., FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 136:1-11 (1996)).
  • a basal expression level of the nir operon is about 8 times higher than that of the nrf operon and can be increased 21-fold by adding nitrate (Wang, H. and Gunsalus, H.P., J. Bacteriol., 182, No. 20, p. 5813-5822 (2000)).
  • nirBDC operon Transcription of the nirBDC operon is driven from a single promoter, and expression is activated by two environmental signals: an absence of oxygen and a presence of nitrite or nitrate ions in the growth medium (Jayaraman et al., J. Mol. Biol., 196, 4:781-8 (1987); Page et al., Arch Microbiol., 154:4:349-54, (1990)). Also, the cysG gene is co-transcribed with the nirBDC operon, while the second constitutive promoter is located less than 100 bp upstream of the cysG gene (Peakman, T. et al, Eur. J. Biochem., 191(2):325-331 (1990)).
  • siroheme synthase catalyzes the synthesis of a heme cofactor, siroheme, which is employed by sulfite reductase and nitrite reductase enzymes in the sulfate and nitrite reduction processes.
  • NirBDC nitrite reductase is a siroheme-containing enzyme that uses NADH as an electron donor to reduce nitrite in the cytoplasm (MacDonald, H. and Cole, J., Mol. Gen. Genet., 200:320-334 (1985); Peakman, T. et al, Eur. J. Biochem., 191:315-323 (1990)).
  • E. coli mutants defective in the nirB gene lack NADH-dependent nitrite reductase activity and reduce nitrite slowly during anaerobic growth. These mutants require cysteine for growth (Cole, J.A. et al, J. Gen. Microbiol. 120:475-483 (1980)).
  • the auxotrophy of cysG mutants is a result of their failure to produce siroheme, the cofactor of the CysIJ enzyme, sulfite reductase.
  • Siroheme-dependent sulfite reduction is required for synthesis of cysteine, methionine, and other sulfur-containing metabolites whenever sulfate or sulfite is utilized as a sulfur source in the synthesis of these metabolites (Becker, M.A. et al, J. Biol. Chem., 244:2418-2427 (1969); Becker, M.A. and Tomkins, G.M., J. Biol. Chem., 244:6023-6030 (1969)).
  • nirB nitrite reductase
  • cysG mutants are also defective in reduction of nitrite.
  • the nir promoter (P nir ) contains an FNR binding site (position -41.5); a NarL/NarP binding site (position -69.5) (Jayaraman, P.S. et al, Nucleic Acids Res. 17:1 135-45 (1989); Tyson, K.L. et al, Mol.
  • the nir promoter is repressed by the following three DNA binding proteins: Fis, IHF and H-NS.
  • the activation of nir promoter expression is co-dependent on both the FNR protein (an anaerobically triggered transcription activator) and the NarL or NarP proteins (transcription activators triggered by nitrite and nitrate).
  • FNR an anaerobically triggered transcription activator
  • NarL or NarP proteins transcription activators triggered by nitrite and nitrate.
  • FNR an anaerobically triggered transcription activator
  • NarL or NarP proteins transcription activators triggered by nitrite and nitrate
  • the nir promoter is further regulated by the presence of nitrite or nitrate ions in the medium. This is achieved by two very similar response-regulator family transcription factors, NarL and NarP (reviewed by Darwin, A.J. et al, Mol.
  • NarL and NarP are phosphorylated by the membrane-bound sensor kinase proteins, NarX and NarQ. Phosphorylated NarL and NarP then bind to specific heptamer sequences at target promoters and either up- or down-regulate transcription initiation at these promoters (for examples, see Tyson, K.L. et al., Mol. Microbiol., 13:6:1045-55 (1994); Darwin, A.J. et al., Mol. Microbiol., 25:3:583-95 (1997)).
  • An object of present invention is to enhance the productivity of L-amino acid producing strains. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for producing L-amino acids using these strains.
  • the bacterium of the present invention is an L-amino acid-producing bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family, wherein the bacterium has been modified to inactivate the nir operon.
  • L-amino acid-producing bacterium means a bacterium, which has an ability to produce and cause accumulation of an L-amino acid in a medium, when the bacterium of the present invention is cultured in the medium.
  • the L-amino acid-producing ability may be imparted or enhanced by breeding.
  • the term "L-amino acid-producing bacterium” as used herein may also mean a bacterium which is able to produce and cause accumulation of L-amino acid in a culture medium in an amount larger than a wild-type or parental strain of bacterium, such as E . coli K-12 strain.
  • the bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, however, for example, bacteria described by Neidhardt, F.C. et al. ( Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C., 1208, Table 1) are encompassed.
  • the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria includes bacteria belonging to the genera Escherichia, Erwinia, Providencia and Serratia. The genus Escherichia is preferred.
  • a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia means that the bacterium is classified as the genus Escherichia according to the classification known to a person skilled in the art of microbiology.
  • a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia as used in the present invention inludes, but is not limited to, Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), which is most preferred bacterium for the present invention.
  • nir operon is inactivated or "to inactivate the nir operon” means that the target operon is modified in such a way that the modified gene of the operon encodes a mutant protein with decreased or no activity. It is also possible that the modified DNA region is unable to naturally express the operon due to the deletion of a part of the operon, shifting the reading frame of the operon gene(s), or the modification of adjacent regions of the operon, including sequences which control operon expression, such as promoter(s), enhancer(s), attenuator(s) etc..
  • nir operon is driven from a single promoter located upstream of the nirB gene, and the constitutive basal expression level of the cysG gene is not sufficient for siroheme synthesis, due to its own weak promoter., It is possible, therefore, to inactivate only the nirB gene so that further expression of genes located downstream of the nirB gene becomes impossible.
  • the role of nitrite reductase, encoded by the nirB gene, in L-arginine production remains unclear.
  • one embodiment of the present invention includes inactivation or disruption of the cysG gene.
  • the nir operon of E. coli includes the following consecutively located genes: nirB, nirD, nirC and cysG.
  • the nirB and nirD genes encode a nitrite reductase.
  • the nirC gene encodes a nitrite transporter.
  • the cysG gene encodes a siroheme synthase.
  • nirB gene (gi:16131244; numbers 3491648 to 3494191 in the GenBank accession number NC_000913.1), nirD gene (gi:16131245; numbers 3494188 to 3494514 in the GenBank accession number NC_000913.1), nirC gene (gi:16132233; numbers 3494640 to 3495446 in the GenBank accession number NC_000913.1) and cysG gene (gi:16131246; numbers 3495465 to 3496838 in the GenBank accession number NC_000913.1) are located between the yhfC and yhfL ORFs on the E. coli strain K-12 chromosome.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the nir operon from E. coli MG1655 strain is registered in GenBank under accession No. AE000412 U00096.
  • the nucleotide sequence comprising the nirB, nirD, nirC and cysG genes of the MG1655 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • the amino acid sequences encoded by the nirB, nirD, nirC and cysG genes are shown in SEQ ID NOS: 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively.
  • the coding regions of the nirB, nirD, nirC and cysG genes in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 are 135-2678, 2675-3001, 3379-3933 and 3952-5325, respectively.
  • Inactivation of the gene can be performed by conventional methods, such as mutagenesis treatment using UV irradiation or nitrosoguanidine (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) treatment, site-directed mutagenesis, gene disruption using homologous recombination or/and insertion-deletion mutagenesis (Datsenko K.A. and Wanner B.L., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97:12: 6640-45) which is also called "Red-driven integration".
  • the nir operon of a bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family other than E. coli can also be inactivated by homologous recombination using the nir operon fragment from E . coli or a fragment of an inherent nir operon which may be a homologue to the E. coli nir operon.
  • a nir operon homologue may have homology of not less than 70 %, preferably not less than 80 %, more preferably not less than 90%, and most preferably not less than 95% to the E. coli nir operon with respect to the nucleotide sequence of respective coding regions.
  • L-arginine-producing bacteria are encompassed.
  • Bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia which produce L-arginine include, but are not limited to, E. coli strain 237 (VKPM B-7925) and it's derivative strains harboring a mutant N-acetylglutamate synthase (Russian Patent No. 2215783), and an arginine-producing strain into which the argA gene encoding N-acetylglutamate synthetase is introduced (Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 57-5693), and the like.
  • the strain 237 is a mutant resistant to a pyrimidine analog, 6-azauracil, which was derived from E.
  • VKPM National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms
  • the bacterium of the present invention can be obtained by inactivation of nir operon in a bacterium which inherently has the ability to produce an L- amino acid.
  • the bacterium of present invention can be obtained by imparting the ability to produce an L- amino acid to a bacterium which already has an inactivated nir operon.
  • Methods for preparation of plasmid DNA, digestion and ligation of DNA, transformation, selection of an oligonucleotide as a primer and the like may be ordinary methods well known to one skilled in the art. These methods are described, for instance, in Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., and Maniatis, T., "Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989).
  • the method of the present invention is a method for producing an L-amino acid having the following steps: cultivating the bacterium of the present invention in a culture medium which results in production accumulation of the L-amino acid in the medium, and collecting the accumulated L-amino acid from the medium. More specifically, the method of the present invention is a method for producing L-arginine, which method includes the steps of cultivating the bacterium of the present invention in a culture medium,, and collecting the accumulated L-arginine from the medium.
  • the cultivation, collection and purification of L-amino acid from the medium and the like may be performed by conventional fermentation methods typically used for production of an amino acid from a bacterium.
  • a medium used for the culture may be either synthetic or natural, so long as the medium includes a carbon source and a nitrogen source and minerals and, if necessary, appropriate amounts of nutrients which the bacterium requires for growth.
  • the carbon source may include various carbohydrates such as glucose and sucrose, and various organic acids. Depending on the mode of assimilation of the used microorganism, alcohol including ethanol and glycerol may be used.
  • ammonium salts such as ammonia and ammonium sulfate, other nitrogen compounds such as amines, a natural nitrogen source such as peptone, soybean-hydrolysate, and digested fermentative microorganism may be used.
  • potassium monophosphate magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium chloride, and the like may be used.
  • vitamins thiamine, yeast extract and the like may be used.
  • the cultivation is preferably performed under aerobic conditions such as a shaking culture, and stirring culture with aeration, at a temperature of 20 to 40 °C, preferably 30 to 38 °C.
  • the pH of the culture is usually between 5 and 9, preferably between 6.5 and 7.2.
  • the pH of the culture can be adjusted with ammonia, calcium carbonate, various acids, various bases, and buffers. Usually, a 1 to 5-day cultivation leads to the accumulation of the target L-amino acid in the liquid medium.
  • solids such as cells can be removed from the liquid medium by centrifugation or membrane filtration, and then the L-amino acid can be collected and purified by ion-exchange, concentration and/or crystallization methods.
  • arginine is of L-configuration.
  • Example 1 Construction the strain having an inactivated nir operon.
  • nirBL SEQ ID NO: 1
  • nirBR SEQ ID NO: 2
  • Plasmid pACYC184 NBL Gene Sciences Ltd., UK
  • GenBank/EMBL accession number X06403 was used as a template in PCR reaction.
  • PCR was conducted as follows: denaturation step for 3 min at 95 °C; profile for two first cycles: 1 min at 95 °C, 30 sec at 50 °C, 40 sec at 72 °C; profile for the last 25 cycles: 30 sec at 95 °C, 30 sec at 54 °C, 40 sec at 72 °C; final step: 5 min at 72 °C.
  • the obtained 945 bp PCR product (Fig. 1, SEQ ID NO: 3) was purified by agarose gel electrophoresis and used for electroporation of the E . coli strain MG1655 which harbors the plasmid pKD46 with temperature sensitive replication.
  • the plasmid pKD46 (Datsenko and Wanner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97:12:6640-45) includes a 2,154 nucleotide (31088-33241) DNA fragment of phage ⁇ (GenBank accession No.
  • J02459 which contains the ⁇ Red homologous recombination system genes ( ⁇ , ⁇ , exo genes) under the control of the arabinose-inducible P araB promoter.
  • the plasmid pKD46 is necessary for integration of the PCR product into MG1655 strain chromosome.
  • Electrocompetent cells were prepared as follows: overnight culture of E . coli strain MG1655 grown at 30 °C in LB medium supplemented with ampicillin (100 mg/l) was diluted 100 times with 5 ml of SOB medium (Sambrook et al, "Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989)) with ampicillin and L-arabinose (1 mM). The obtained culture was grown with aeration at 30 °C to an OD 600 of ⁇ 0.6 and then made electrocompetent by concentrating 100-fold and washing three times with ice-cold deionized H 2 O. Electroporation was performed using 70 ⁇ l of a cell suspension and ⁇ 100 ng of PCR product.
  • PCR product obtained in the reaction with the cells of parental nirB + strain MG1655 as a template, was 949 bp in length.
  • the arginine-producing strain E. coli 237 (VKPM B-7925) was transduced to Cm resistance by the standard P1 transduction procedure (Sambrook et al, "Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989)).
  • the strain MG1655 ⁇ nirB::cat was used as a donor for cat gene.
  • the resulting strain 237 ⁇ nirB::cat was verified by PCR to have ⁇ nirB::cat deletion by means of primers nirB1 (SEQ ID NO: 4) and nirB2 (SEQ ID NO: 5).
  • Example 2 Production of L-arginine by E. coli strain with inactivated nirB gene.
  • Both E. coli strains 237 and 237 ⁇ nirB::cat were grown overnight at 37 °C on L-agar plates.
  • the strain 237 ⁇ nirB::cat plate also contained chloramphenicol (20 ⁇ g/ml). Then one loop of the cells was transferred to 2 ml of minimal medium for fermentation in the 20x200 mm test tubes. Cells were grown for 72 hours at 32 °C with shaking at 250 rpm.
  • the amount of arginine which accumulated in the medium was determined by paper chromatography using arginine (1 g/l and 2 g/l) and glutamic acid (1 g/l and 2 g/l) as controls.
  • a solution of ninhydrin (0.5%) in acetone was used as a visualizing reagent.
  • Glucose and magnesium sulfate are sterilized separately. pH is adjusted to 7.2.

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EP04020085A 2003-08-29 2004-08-24 Method for producing L-amino acid using bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family, having nir operon inactivated Withdrawn EP1510582A1 (en)

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RU2003126289/13A RU2276686C2 (ru) 2003-08-29 2003-08-29 Бактерия, принадлежащая к роду escherichia, - продуцент l-аргинина и способ получения l-аргинина
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WO2007116955A2 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-18 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Method for producing l-amino acid
WO2007119881A1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2007-10-25 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. A method for producing an l-amino acid using a bacterium of the enterobacteriaceae family with attenuated expression of the ybda gene

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BR0304860A (pt) * 2002-11-11 2004-08-31 Ajinomoto Kk Método para produzir uma substância alvo pela utilização de uma-bactéria pertencente ao gênero escherichia
RU2276686C2 (ru) * 2003-08-29 2006-05-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт Аджиномото-Генетика" Бактерия, принадлежащая к роду escherichia, - продуцент l-аргинина и способ получения l-аргинина
US20050181488A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-18 Akhverdian Valery Z. Method for producing L-threonine using bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia
JP2006063002A (ja) * 2004-08-25 2006-03-09 Ajinomoto Co Inc 反芻動物用のメタン生成抑制剤および飼料用組成物
RU2482188C2 (ru) * 2010-07-21 2013-05-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт "Аджиномото-Генетика" (ЗАО АГРИ) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ L-АРГИНИНА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БАКТЕРИЙ РОДА Escherichia, В КОТОРОЙ ИНАКТИВИРОВАН ОПЕРОН astCADBE
US9234223B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2016-01-12 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Method for producing L-cysteine
WO2012137689A1 (ja) 2011-04-01 2012-10-11 味の素株式会社 Ｌ－システインの製造法
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007116955A2 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-18 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Method for producing l-amino acid
WO2007116955A3 (en) * 2006-03-30 2008-01-10 Ajinomoto Kk Method for producing l-amino acid
US7833762B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2010-11-16 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Method for producing L-amino acid
KR101053429B1 (ko) * 2006-03-30 2011-08-03 아지노모토 가부시키가이샤 Ｌ-아미노산의 생산 방법
WO2007119881A1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2007-10-25 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. A method for producing an l-amino acid using a bacterium of the enterobacteriaceae family with attenuated expression of the ybda gene

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