EP1509650B1 - Endless rope - Google Patents

Endless rope Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1509650B1
EP1509650B1 EP03738781A EP03738781A EP1509650B1 EP 1509650 B1 EP1509650 B1 EP 1509650B1 EP 03738781 A EP03738781 A EP 03738781A EP 03738781 A EP03738781 A EP 03738781A EP 1509650 B1 EP1509650 B1 EP 1509650B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rope
strands
primary
strand
laid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP03738781A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1509650A1 (en
Inventor
Paulus Johannes Hyacinthus Marie Smeets
Christiaan Henri Peter Dirks
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DSM IP Assets BV
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DSM IP Assets BV
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Priority claimed from NL1020732A external-priority patent/NL1020732C2/en
Application filed by DSM IP Assets BV filed Critical DSM IP Assets BV
Priority to EP03738781A priority Critical patent/EP1509650B1/en
Publication of EP1509650A1 publication Critical patent/EP1509650A1/en
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Publication of EP1509650B1 publication Critical patent/EP1509650B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
    • D04C1/12—Cords, lines, or tows
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/025—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics comprising high modulus, or high tenacity, polymer filaments or fibres, e.g. liquid-crystal polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/16—Auxiliary apparatus
    • D07B7/167—Auxiliary apparatus for joining rope components
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1096—Rope or cable structures braided
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/201—Polyolefins
    • D07B2205/2014—High performance polyolefins, e.g. Dyneema or Spectra
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D07B2205/205—Aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2096—Poly-p-phenylenebenzo-bisoxazole [PBO]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/16—Auxiliary apparatus
    • D07B7/169—Auxiliary apparatus for interconnecting two cable or rope ends, e.g. by splicing or sewing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an endless rope containing primary strands, the primary strands containing laid-up secondary strands, the laid-up secondary strands containing rope yarns.
  • a rope construction for the manufacture of an endless rope is known from US-A-5901632 , which describes a braided rope consisting of braided primary strands, which in their turn consist of rope yarns. From this an endless rope can be manufactured by making a splice in the braided primary strand when during the manufacture of the rope a reel of a braided primary strand gets empty.
  • a rope containing primary strands, the primary strands containing secondary strands, the secondary strands containing rope yarns is also known from US-A-4,170,921 .
  • This document discloses a double braided rope consisting of a braided core and a braided cover, the core or the cover rope containing primary strands, which consist of several secondary strands, which in their turn are made up of twined rope yarns, wherein the primary strands have been made by bundling together in substantially parallel position several secondary strands.
  • Such ropes can in general be manufactured rapidly.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide an endless rope.
  • the primary strands are laid up from 3, 4 or 6 secondary strands yarns and the rope contains a splice in at least every primary strand.
  • An advantage of the rope according to the invention in comparison with the rope of US-A-5901632 is that the rope according to the invention can be manufactured faster, has a higher strength and is easier to splice.
  • a rope which has been built up in several steps contains several construction elements. Examples of this are a yarn composed of twined or non-twined filaments, or a strand or a combination thereof, which can be composed of laid-up or braided yarns or thinner strands.
  • the primary strands can be braided or laid up with each other.
  • the rope has preferably been laid up from 3, 4 or (1+6) primary strands.
  • the rope has preferably been braided from 8 or 12 primary strands.
  • the primary strands have been laid up from 3, 4 or 6 secondary strands.
  • the secondary strands In general the secondary strands, depending on the size of the rope ultimately to be obtained, contain several twined rope yarns which can have been divided over several layers in these strands.
  • the rope yarns in the rope according to the invention contain several fibres.
  • the fibres in the rope yarn can be smooth or twined.
  • twist directions are preferably opposite in successive construction elements.
  • An advantage of the rope according to the invention is the fact that if during the use of the rope some strands get damaged, they can be renewed without the need to take off the entire rope. Also, the rope according to the invention has a better wear resistance than known ropes.
  • a problem involved in the manufacture of an endless rope is that there are limits to the diameter of the reels carrying the primary strands, so that the wound-up length of the primary strands is finite and the reels will get empty during the production of rope.
  • the tail end of a first strand on a reel that gets empty has to be connected to the lead end of a second strand on a new reel.
  • Ropes with a diameter of 20 mm or more are mostly produced from strands the yarns of which are built up in several layers.
  • a strand is in general composed of a core, consisting for instance of 3 rope yarns, with around it several layers consisting of multiple rope yarns. In such a strand no splice can be made.
  • the length of such a rope is therefore limited by the volume of the braiding bobbins on a braiding machine for braided rope or by the volume of the reels on a rope-laying machine for a laid-up rope.
  • the invention therefore preferably relates to an endless rope having a diameter of more than 20 mm.
  • the length of the endless rope is more than 250 metres, preferably more than 1000 metres.
  • Figure 1 shows one of the embodiments of the rope according to the invention, being a 12-strand braided rope (10), which consists of 4-strand laid-up primary strands (12) with an S-twist.
  • the primary strands consist of secondary strands (14) which have been laid up from rope yarns (16) in a Z-twist.
  • Normally half of the strands consist of an S-twist and the other half of a Z-twist.
  • rope yarns (16) can be twined from a bundle of fibres with the help of a standard twining machine.
  • a secondary strand (14) is then laid up from several rope yarns on a strand bench, with the direction of twist being opposite to the direction of twist in the rope yam.
  • Four of those strands are laid up to form the primary strand (12).
  • 12 primary strands are braided to form the rope (10). This is done on a braiding machine with 12 reels which are filled with primary strands.
  • An endless rope can be made now by, when one of the reels gets empty, connecting the tail end of a first primary strand on the empty reel to the lead end of a second primary strand on a full reel and replacing the empty reel by the full reel. Connecting the two strand ends can be done by applying a splice in accordance with a known method as described for instance in The Splicing Handbook, "Techniques for Modem and Traditional Ropes", by Barbara Merry with John Darwin,
  • Another, more preferable method is a method wherein:
  • first primary strand is split in a first and a second part comprising respectively a first and a second number of secondary strands, the first part having at most one more strands than the second part.
  • a 3-strand primary strand is split in a first part with 2 secondary strands and a second part with only 1 secondary strand.
  • a 4-strand primary strand is split in two parts of 2 secondary strands and a 6-strand primary strand in two parts of 3 strands.
  • the said opening has 2 strands on one side and 1 strand on the other side.
  • the said opening has 2, respectively 3 strands on both sides.
  • the second part is tucked from the other side in the opening in the second primary strand, which implies that both parts of the first primary strand are tucked in different directions through the opening in the second primary strand.
  • Step b) and c) are repeated at least 3 times, whereby the respective openings are separated such that the first and the second part have crossed over at least all the secondary strands of the second primary strand once and the first and second part leave the second primary strand at respective last openings.
  • the sequence wherein step b) and c) are repeated is of no importance for the efficiency of the resulting splice.
  • the ropes can be made from different yarns. Suitable yarns are polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramide, polybenzoxazole (PBO) and "High Modulus PolyEthylene (HMPE) as Dyneema ® or Spectra ® .
  • Suitable yarns are polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramide, polybenzoxazole (PBO) and "High Modulus PolyEthylene (HMPE) as Dyneema ® or Spectra ® .
  • the endless rope according to the invention preferably contains HMPE yarns.
  • the invention will be further elucidated by means of the following non-restrictive example and comparative example in which the primary strands have been laid up and braided, respectively.
  • Rope (1) has been built up from laid-up strands (3 x 1 (8/1760 dTex Dyneema SK-75), with a lay-up length of 34 mm and a weight of 4.27 g/m,).
  • the breaking strength of such a strand is 10797 N.
  • On a Ratera braider these strands were made into a 12-strand braided rope with a braid length of 8x the diameter.
  • the weight of the rope was 54.6 g/m.
  • the rope had a breaking strength of 77820 N.
  • Rope (2) has been built up from braided strands (8 x 1 (3/1760 dTex Dyneema SK-75), with 12 picks per 10 cm and a weight of 4.37 g/m.
  • the breaking strength of such a strand is 9670 N.
  • On a Ratera braider these strands were made into a 12-strand braided rope with a braid length of 8x the diameter.
  • the weight of the rope was 56 g/m.
  • the rope had a breaking strength of 61740 N.
  • the strand strength of the laid-up construction is only 15% higher than that of the braided construction, the strength of the rope made of it surprisingly is 26% higher than the strength of the rope made from the braided construction. Further, the construction stretch of the braid with the braided strands is significantly higher than in the case of the laid-up strand.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Flexible Shafts (AREA)

Abstract

Endless rope containing primary strands, the primary strands containing laid-up secondary strands, the laid-up secondary strands containing rope yarns, wherein the primary strands have been laid up from 3, 4 or 6 secondary strands, wherein the rope contains a splice in at least every primary strand and wherein the rope preferably has been laid up from 3, 4 or (1+6) primary strands or, alternatively, has been braided from 8 or 12 primary strands.

Description

  • The invention relates to an endless rope containing primary strands, the primary strands containing laid-up secondary strands, the laid-up secondary strands containing rope yarns.
  • A rope construction for the manufacture of an endless rope is known from US-A-5901632 , which describes a braided rope consisting of braided primary strands, which in their turn consist of rope yarns. From this an endless rope can be manufactured by making a splice in the braided primary strand when during the manufacture of the rope a reel of a braided primary strand gets empty.
  • A rope containing primary strands, the primary strands containing secondary strands, the secondary strands containing rope yarns, is also known from US-A-4,170,921 . This document discloses a double braided rope consisting of a braided core and a braided cover, the core or the cover rope containing primary strands, which consist of several secondary strands, which in their turn are made up of twined rope yarns, wherein the primary strands have been made by bundling together in substantially parallel position several secondary strands. Such ropes can in general be manufactured rapidly.
  • The drawback of such a rope, however, is that it cannot be used for the manufacture of endless rope. When in the manufacture of such a rope a reel with primary strand runs empty, there is no possibility to connect the primary strand to that of a following reel without considerable loss of strength.
  • The aim of the invention is to provide an endless rope.
  • It has been found to be possible to achieve this aim when in the rope according to the invention the primary strands are laid up from 3, 4 or 6 secondary strands yarns and the rope contains a splice in at least every primary strand.
  • An advantage of the rope according to the invention in comparison with the rope of US-A-5901632 is that the rope according to the invention can be manufactured faster, has a higher strength and is easier to splice.
  • Due to this it is achieved that an endless rope can be manufactured as will be further described below.
  • A rope which has been built up in several steps contains several construction elements. Examples of this are a yarn composed of twined or non-twined filaments, or a strand or a combination thereof, which can be composed of laid-up or braided yarns or thinner strands.
  • In the rope according to the invention the primary strands can be braided or laid up with each other.
  • If the rope has been laid up, the rope has preferably been laid up from 3, 4 or (1+6) primary strands.
  • If the rope has been braided, the rope has preferably been braided from 8 or 12 primary strands.
  • In the rope according to the invention the primary strands have been laid up from 3, 4 or 6 secondary strands.
  • In general the secondary strands, depending on the size of the rope ultimately to be obtained, contain several twined rope yarns which can have been divided over several layers in these strands.
  • The rope yarns in the rope according to the invention contain several fibres. The fibres in the rope yarn can be smooth or twined.
  • If successive construction elements both contain a twist, the twist directions are preferably opposite in successive construction elements.
  • An advantage of the rope according to the invention is the fact that if during the use of the rope some strands get damaged, they can be renewed without the need to take off the entire rope. Also, the rope according to the invention has a better wear resistance than known ropes.
  • A problem involved in the manufacture of an endless rope is that there are limits to the diameter of the reels carrying the primary strands, so that the wound-up length of the primary strands is finite and the reels will get empty during the production of rope. For the manufacture of an endless rope now, the tail end of a first strand on a reel that gets empty has to be connected to the lead end of a second strand on a new reel.
  • This can be done simply now with the rope of the invention by splicing the tail end of the first strand to the lead end of the second strand with application of a standard splicing technique. By making such splices at successive spots in each of the primary strands an endless rope can be manufactured without significant loss of strength of the rope.
  • Ropes with a diameter of 20 mm or more are mostly produced from strands the yarns of which are built up in several layers. A strand is in general composed of a core, consisting for instance of 3 rope yarns, with around it several layers consisting of multiple rope yarns. In such a strand no splice can be made. The length of such a rope is therefore limited by the volume of the braiding bobbins on a braiding machine for braided rope or by the volume of the reels on a rope-laying machine for a laid-up rope.
  • An extra advantage of the rope according to the invention is that its thickness does not involve any restriction of its length, because a splice can be made herein. The invention therefore preferably relates to an endless rope having a diameter of more than 20 mm. The length of the endless rope is more than 250 metres, preferably more than 1000 metres.
  • Figure 1 shows one of the embodiments of the rope according to the invention, being a 12-strand braided rope (10), which consists of 4-strand laid-up primary strands (12) with an S-twist. The primary strands consist of secondary strands (14) which have been laid up from rope yarns (16) in a Z-twist. Normally half of the strands consist of an S-twist and the other half of a Z-twist.
  • For the manufacture of such a rope, rope yarns (16) can be twined from a bundle of fibres with the help of a standard twining machine. A secondary strand (14) is then laid up from several rope yarns on a strand bench, with the direction of twist being opposite to the direction of twist in the rope yam. Four of those strands are laid up to form the primary strand (12). Then 12 primary strands are braided to form the rope (10). This is done on a braiding machine with 12 reels which are filled with primary strands. An endless rope can be made now by, when one of the reels gets empty, connecting the tail end of a first primary strand on the empty reel to the lead end of a second primary strand on a full reel and replacing the empty reel by the full reel. Connecting the two strand ends can be done by applying a splice in accordance with a known method as described for instance in The Splicing Handbook, "Techniques for Modem and Traditional Ropes", by Barbara Merry with John Darwin,
    • ISBN 0-87742-952-9.
  • Another, more preferable method is a method wherein:
    1. a) one end of a first primary strand end is split in a first and a second part comprising respectively a first and a second number of secondary strands, the first part having at most one more secondary strands than the second part
    2. b) the first part is tucked from one side in an opening in the second primary strand, such that the opening has a first number secondary of strands on one side and a second number of secondary strands on the other side, where the first and second number differ at most by one,
    3. c) the second part is tucked from the other side in the opening in the second primary strand
    step b) and c) are repeated at least 3, respectively 3+1 times, whereby the respective openings in the second primary strand end are separated such that the first and the second part have crossed over at least all the secondary strands of the second primary strand once and the first and second part leave the second primary strand at respective last openings.
  • In this method one end of a first primary strand is split in a first and a second part comprising respectively a first and a second number of secondary strands, the first part having at most one more strands than the second part. This means that a 3-strand primary strand is split in a first part with 2 secondary strands and a second part with only 1 secondary strand. A 4-strand primary strand is split in two parts of 2 secondary strands and a 6-strand primary strand in two parts of 3 strands.
  • When the first and second primary strand have 3 strands each, the said opening has 2 strands on one side and 1 strand on the other side. When the first and second rope has 4 or 6 strands the said opening has 2, respectively 3 strands on both sides.
  • The second part is tucked from the other side in the opening in the second primary strand, which implies that both parts of the first primary strand are tucked in different directions through the opening in the second primary strand.
  • Step b) and c) are repeated at least 3 times, whereby the respective openings are separated such that the first and the second part have crossed over at least all the secondary strands of the second primary strand once and the first and second part leave the second primary strand at respective last openings. The sequence wherein step b) and c) are repeated is of no importance for the efficiency of the resulting splice.
  • An advantage of this splice is, that with this method a splice is much faster to produce.
  • The ropes can be made from different yarns. Suitable yarns are polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramide, polybenzoxazole (PBO) and "High Modulus PolyEthylene (HMPE) as Dyneema® or Spectra®.
  • The endless rope according to the invention preferably contains HMPE yarns.
  • The invention will be further elucidated by means of the following non-restrictive example and comparative example in which the primary strands have been laid up and braided, respectively.
    • Example I
  • Rope (1) has been built up from laid-up strands (3 x 1 (8/1760 dTex Dyneema SK-75), with a lay-up length of 34 mm and a weight of 4.27 g/m,). The breaking strength of such a strand is 10797 N.
    On a Ratera braider these strands were made into a 12-strand braided rope with a braid length of 8x the diameter. The weight of the rope was 54.6 g/m. The rope had a breaking strength of 77820 N.
    • Comparative experiment: A
  • Rope (2) has been built up from braided strands (8 x 1 (3/1760 dTex Dyneema SK-75), with 12 picks per 10 cm and a weight of 4.37 g/m. The breaking strength of such a strand is 9670 N.
    On a Ratera braider these strands were made into a 12-strand braided rope with a braid length of 8x the diameter. The weight of the rope was 56 g/m. The rope had a breaking strength of 61740 N.
  • From this it appears that the strand strength of the laid-up construction is about 15% higher than that of the braided construction.
  • Although the strand strength of the laid-up construction is only 15% higher than that of the braided construction, the strength of the rope made of it surprisingly is 26% higher than the strength of the rope made from the braided construction. Further, the construction stretch of the braid with the braided strands is significantly higher than in the case of the laid-up strand.
    • Example II
  • In the rope (1) a standard splice is made as described in The Splicing Handbook, "Techniques for Modern and Traditional Ropes", by Barbara Merry with John Darwin, ISBN 0-87742-952-9.
    The splice was impregnated with a coating (LAGO 50, from GOVI, Belgium), which made it possible to use a much shorter splice length than for a non-coated splice in a Dyneema rope.
  • In rope (1) two types of end connection were tested:
    • i) splicing together two strand ends to be connected, with a total of 24 tucks, the last 3 of which were thinned. The breaking strength of a rope with such a splice amounted to 67990 N. When the number of tucks is 27 and the last 3 are thinned, the breaking strength amounts to 81660 N.
    • ii) making two loops hooking into each other by splicing back into each other the two strand ends, with 16 tucks. This has a breaking strength of 70550 N.
  • This shows that a spliced-in connection does not cause a loss of strength for the spliced-up strands if this is done optimally, i.e. if a sufficient number of tucks is made.
  • However, if loops are used to make the connection, this results in loss of breaking strength and this connection disturbs the structure of the 12-strand production braid which is unacceptable in view of the use of the braid.

Claims (6)

  1. Endless rope (10) containing primary strands (12), the primary strands (12) containing laid-up secondary strands. (14), the laid-up secondary strands (14) containing rope yarns (16), wherein the primary strands (12) have been laid up from 3, 4 or 6 secondary strands (14) and the rope contains a splice in at least every primary strand.
  2. Endless rope according to claim 1, wherein the rope has been laid up from 3, 4 or (1+6) primary strands.
  3. Endless rope according to claim 1, wherein the rope has been braided from 8 or 12 primary strands.
  4. Endless rope according to anyone of claims 1-3, wherein the rope contains HMPE yarns.
  5. Endless rope according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the diameter of the rope is more than 20 mm.
  6. Endless rope according to claim 5, wherein the length of the rope is more than 1000 metres.
EP03738781A 2002-05-31 2003-05-27 Endless rope Expired - Lifetime EP1509650B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03738781A EP1509650B1 (en) 2002-05-31 2003-05-27 Endless rope

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1020732A NL1020732C2 (en) 2002-05-31 2002-05-31 Endless rope comprises primary strands including laid-up secondary strands that contains rope yarns
NL1020732 2002-05-31
EP02079571 2002-11-01
EP02079571 2002-11-01
US42718802P 2002-11-19 2002-11-19
US427188P 2002-11-19
US44579803P 2003-02-10 2003-02-10
US445798P 2003-02-10
PCT/NL2003/000396 WO2003102295A1 (en) 2002-05-31 2003-05-27 Endless rope
EP03738781A EP1509650B1 (en) 2002-05-31 2003-05-27 Endless rope

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1509650A1 EP1509650A1 (en) 2005-03-02
EP1509650B1 true EP1509650B1 (en) 2007-07-11

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EP03738781A Expired - Lifetime EP1509650B1 (en) 2002-05-31 2003-05-27 Endless rope

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US (1) US7165485B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1509650B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4406603B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100427673C (en)
AT (1) ATE366841T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003245172A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0311508B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2487759C (en)
DE (1) DE60314874T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1509650T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2288217T3 (en)
NO (1) NO324911B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1509650E (en)
WO (1) WO2003102295A1 (en)

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US20050229770A1 (en) 2005-10-20
JP4406603B2 (en) 2010-02-03
PT1509650E (en) 2007-09-03
US7165485B2 (en) 2007-01-23
ES2288217T3 (en) 2008-01-01
AU2003245172A1 (en) 2003-12-19
BR0311508A (en) 2005-02-22
JP2005528537A (en) 2005-09-22
DK1509650T3 (en) 2007-10-01
CA2487759C (en) 2011-01-04
NO324911B1 (en) 2008-01-07
BR0311508B1 (en) 2013-11-26
CA2487759A1 (en) 2003-12-11
NO20045721L (en) 2005-02-25
WO2003102295A1 (en) 2003-12-11
EP1509650A1 (en) 2005-03-02
CN100427673C (en) 2008-10-22
CN1656282A (en) 2005-08-17
DE60314874T2 (en) 2008-03-13
DE60314874D1 (en) 2007-08-23
ATE366841T1 (en) 2007-08-15

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