EP1498673A1 - Hot gas defrost system for refrigeration systems - Google Patents

Hot gas defrost system for refrigeration systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1498673A1
EP1498673A1 EP04015601A EP04015601A EP1498673A1 EP 1498673 A1 EP1498673 A1 EP 1498673A1 EP 04015601 A EP04015601 A EP 04015601A EP 04015601 A EP04015601 A EP 04015601A EP 1498673 A1 EP1498673 A1 EP 1498673A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
refrigerant
refrigeration
consumers
compressor
defrosting
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1498673B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Koch
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Carrier Corp
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Linde Kaeltetechnik GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/22—Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration system with at least a refrigerant circuit, which at least one condenser, at least two Refrigeration consumer and at least one compressor with at least two Performance levels or at least two compressors, and in the or Compressor on the output side via a defrosting line with the input sides of the Refrigeration consumers are connected or connectable, depending on the Defrost requirement of one or more refrigeration consumers compressed, warm refrigerant is supplied via the Abtäeitung the or the thawed cold consumers.
  • refrigerant is both on and off to understand multicomponent refrigerants.
  • Refrigeration or refrigerated rooms arranged evaporator and / or heat exchangers, the be traversed by a refrigerant to understand.
  • Refrigeration systems of the generic type are used for example in supermarkets operated. They generally provide a variety of Kälteangeem, such as such as refrigerators, refrigerators and freezers. For this purpose circulates in them a one or multi-component refrigerant.
  • a refrigeration system like her
  • DE-PS 39 28 430 has a condenser, in the pressurized refrigerant by indirect heat exchange, preferably against outside air, is condensed.
  • the liquid refrigerant from the condenser is usually a collection container fed.
  • a refrigeration system there must always be enough refrigerant that even with maximum cooling demand, the evaporator or heat exchanger of all Refrigeration consumers can be filled.
  • individual evaporators switched off and sucked off In this case, the excess refrigerant must be in those for these times provided collection container or accumulated in the condenser become.
  • the refrigerant From the sump or condenser, the refrigerant via the so-called. Liquid line supplied to the refrigeration consumers. Every cold consumer is one Expansion device, preferably an expansion valve upstream or assigned in which the in or the evaporator of the cold consumer flowing refrigerant is relaxed. The so relaxed refrigerant is in the Evaporating the refrigerant consumers evaporates and cools the corresponding Cooling furniture and / or rooms.
  • the thus evaporated refrigerant is then via a suction line a Compressor unit supplied.
  • These compressor units can be single or multi-level be educated.
  • the individual compressor stages generally have several in parallel switched compressor on. These compress the refrigerant and convey it over a pressure line in turn to the already mentioned condenser.
  • JP-A 54059650 Also from JP-A 54059650 is a method for defrosting the evaporator or Heat exchanger of one or more refrigeration consumers known.
  • JP-A 54059650 described method occurs due to a unavoidable refrigerant condensation to an undesirable condensate or Wet steam formation.
  • a liquid separator In order to reduce the associated problems, is in the J P-A 54059650 proposed, in the suction line a liquid separator provide; This is needed to get the one or more compressors in front of you damaging "wet operation" - ie the suction of refrigerant wet steam - too protect.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for Operating a refrigeration system with which the previously resulting in defrosting To avoid disadvantages.
  • the inventive method Especially when used as a refrigerant carbon dioxide, provides the inventive method significant advantages over the known, for State of the art counting methods. While the usually realized Druckgasabtauung in the condensation process on the low pressure side to very high Pressure conditions leads - the pressures are between 40 and 50 bar - and therefore correspondingly expensive, currently not commercially available components required be, the inventive method allows significantly lower pressure levels between 12 and 14 bar, allowing the use of standard components without Further is possible.
  • the inventive method requires in contrast to those of the prior Technique counting (condensation) process no HD constant pressure control over an additional control valve.
  • the defrosting required will be according to the invention exclusively on the throttle device on the evaporator - ie the hot gas Magnetvetil, the distributor and the distribution pipes - and from the Condenser stage control - as a rule, there is a condenser fan stage control or - speed control for use - resulting differential pressure between High and low pressure determined or regulated.
  • the figure shows a schematic representation of the refrigerant circuit a Refrigeration system, wherein the condenser is not shown. Also not shown the upstream of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 expansion devices or - Valves, in which in the evaporator or evaporators of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 flowing refrigerant is relaxed.
  • the evaporated in the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 refrigerant is from these via the lines 3, 3 'and 3 "deducted and the Verêtm X, Y and Z upstream collection container S2 supplied. Also this collection S2, which is used for the separation of entrained in the refrigerant oil, is not mandatory required.
  • the vaporized refrigerant present in the sump S2 is discharged from the Compresses X, Y and Z compressed to the desired circuit pressure and subsequently fed back to the condenser via the so-called pressure line 5.
  • the compressors X, Y and Z are now on the output side via the Abtau Gustaven 6 and 8 and / or 9 with the input sides of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 connected or connectable.
  • the refrigerant circuit has only two refrigeration consumers V1 and V2, in each case only one cold consumer or its evaporator can be defrosted, while the evaporator of the other cold consumer in the cooling mode located. If, on the other hand, three or more refrigeration consumers enter the refrigeration cycle integrated, at least two refrigeration consumers or their Be thawed evaporator. It must therefore only be ensured that at least the evaporator of a refrigeration consumer is in cooling mode.
  • a shut-off valve b arranged is provided.
  • the inventive method for operating a refrigeration system allows - Regardless of the type of refrigerant used and thus also in the Use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant - a cost-effective and procedurally simple defrosting process.
  • the invention also makes it possible to defrost cold consumers individually.
  • the Control engineering design of the refrigeration system according to the invention and the The method according to the invention is comparatively inexpensive describe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

Refrigeration units (V1,V2) are supplied with cold refrigerant from a reservoir (S1) and compressors (X,Y,Z) supply warm refrigerant from a reservoir (S2) through valves (a,c,d) to the evaporator units when defrosting is required. A bypass valve (b) is opened when the others are closed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage mit wenigstens einem Kältemittelkreislauf, welcher wenigstens einen Verflüssiger, wenigstens zwei Kälteverbraucher und wenigstens einen Verdichter mit wenigstens zwei Leistungsstufen oder wenigstens zwei Verdichter aufweist, und bei der der oder die Verdichter ausgangsseitig über eine Abtauleitung mit den Eingangsseiten der Kälteverbraucher verbunden oder verbindbar sind, wobei in Abhängigkeit von dem Abtaubedarf eines oder mehrerer Kälteverbraucher verdichtetes, warmes Kältemittel über die Abtauleitung dem oder den abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchern zugeführt wird.The invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration system with at least a refrigerant circuit, which at least one condenser, at least two Refrigeration consumer and at least one compressor with at least two Performance levels or at least two compressors, and in the or Compressor on the output side via a defrosting line with the input sides of the Refrigeration consumers are connected or connectable, depending on the Defrost requirement of one or more refrigeration consumers compressed, warm refrigerant is supplied via the Abtäeitung the or the thawed cold consumers.

Unter dem Begriff "Kältemittel" seien nachfolgend sowohl ein- als auch mehrkomponentige Kältemittel zu verstehen.The term "refrigerant" below are both on and off to understand multicomponent refrigerants.

Unter dem Begriff "Kälteverbraucher" seien nachfolgend insbesondere die in Kühlmöbeln oder Kühlräumen angeordneten Verdampfer und/oder Wärmetauscher, die von einem Kältemittel durchströmt werden, zu verstehen.The term "cold consumer" below, in particular the in Refrigeration or refrigerated rooms arranged evaporator and / or heat exchangers, the be traversed by a refrigerant to understand.

Kälteanlagen der gattungsgemäßen Art werden beispielsweise in Supermärkten betrieben. Sie versorgen dort im allgemeinen eine Vielzahl von Kälteverbrauchem, wie etwa Kühlräume, Kühl- und Tiefkühlmöbel. Zu diesem Zweck zirkuliert in ihnen ein einoder mehrkomponentiges Kältemittel. Eine derartige Kälteanlage - wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 39 28 430 bekannt ist - weist einen Verflüssiger auf, in dem das unter Druck stehende Kältemittel durch indirekten Wärmetausch, vorzugsweise gegen Außenluft, kondensiert wird.Refrigeration systems of the generic type are used for example in supermarkets operated. They generally provide a variety of Kälteverbrauchem, such as such as refrigerators, refrigerators and freezers. For this purpose circulates in them a one or multi-component refrigerant. Such a refrigeration system - like her For example, from DE-PS 39 28 430 is known - has a condenser, in the pressurized refrigerant by indirect heat exchange, preferably against outside air, is condensed.

Das flüssige Kältemittel aus dem Verflüssiger wird im Regelfall einem Sammelbehälter zugeführt. Innerhalb einer Kälteanlage muss immer soviel Kältemittel vorhanden sein, dass auch bei maximalem Kältebedarf die Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher aller Kälteverbraucher gefüllt werden können. Da jedoch bei niedrigerem Kältebedarf innerhalb einer Verbundkälteanlage einzelne Verdampfer abgeschaltet und abgesaugt sind, muss das überschüssige Kältemittel während dieser Zeiten in dem dafür vorgesehenen Sammelbehälter aufgefangen oder in dem Verflüssiger angestaut werden.The liquid refrigerant from the condenser is usually a collection container fed. Within a refrigeration system, there must always be enough refrigerant that even with maximum cooling demand, the evaporator or heat exchanger of all Refrigeration consumers can be filled. However, with lower cooling requirements Within a composite refrigeration system, individual evaporators switched off and sucked off In this case, the excess refrigerant must be in those for these times provided collection container or accumulated in the condenser become.

Aus dem Sammelbehälter oder Verflüssiger wird das Kältemittel über die sog. Flüssigkeitsleitung den Kälteverbrauchern zugeführt. Jedem Kälteverbraucher ist eine Expansionseinrichtung, vorzugsweise ein Expansionsventil vorgeschaltet bzw. zugeordnet, in welchem das in den oder die Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers strömende Kältemittel entspannt wird. Das so entspannte Kältemittel wird in den Verdampfem der Kältemittelverbraucher verdampft und kühlt so die entsprechenden Kühlmöbel und/oder -räume.From the sump or condenser, the refrigerant via the so-called. Liquid line supplied to the refrigeration consumers. Every cold consumer is one Expansion device, preferably an expansion valve upstream or assigned in which the in or the evaporator of the cold consumer flowing refrigerant is relaxed. The so relaxed refrigerant is in the Evaporating the refrigerant consumers evaporates and cools the corresponding Cooling furniture and / or rooms.

Das derart verdampfte Kältemittel wird anschließend über eine Saugleitung einer Verdichtereinheit zugeführt. Diese Verdichtereinheiten können ein- oder mehrstufig ausgebildet sein. Die einzelnen Verdichterstufen weisen im Regelfall mehrere parallel geschaltete Verdichter auf. Diese komprimieren das Kältemittel und fördern es über eine Druckleitung wiederum zu dem bereits erwähnten Verflüssiger.The thus evaporated refrigerant is then via a suction line a Compressor unit supplied. These compressor units can be single or multi-level be educated. The individual compressor stages generally have several in parallel switched compressor on. These compress the refrigerant and convey it over a pressure line in turn to the already mentioned condenser.

Die vorgenannten Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher der Kälteverbraucher müssen von Zeit zu Zeit abgetaut werden. Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abtauen ist aus der DE-PS 44 10 057 bekannt. Insbesondere dann, wenn als Kältemittel Kohlendioxid Anwendung findet, stoßen die zum Stand der Technik zählenden Abtauverfahren an ihre Grenzen, da die Drucklage zu hoch ist. Aber auch bei der Verwendung anderer Kältemittel kommt es in dem abzutauenden Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher zu einer unerwünschten Kondensat-, zumindest jedoch Nassdampfbildung. Dieses kann nur sicher verhindert werden, wenn der herrschende Verdampfungsdruck sowie die korrespondierende Verdampfungstemperatur während des Abtaubetriebes tiefer ist bzw. tiefer bleibt als die herrschende Verdampferoberflächentemperatur.The aforementioned evaporator or heat exchanger of refrigeration consumers must by Time to time to be defrosted. A generic defrosting process is over DE-PS 44 10 057 known. In particular, if as a refrigerant carbon dioxide Application finds the state of the art counting defrosting their limits, because the pressure is too high. But also when using others Refrigerant is in the thawed evaporator or heat exchanger to a unwanted condensate, but at least wet vapor formation. This can only safely prevented when the prevailing evaporation pressure as well as the corresponding evaporation temperature is lower during the defrosting operation or remains lower than the prevailing evaporator surface temperature.

Auch aus der JP-A 54059650 ist ein Verfahren zum Abtauen der Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher eines oder mehrerer Kälteverbraucher bekannt. Bei der in der JP-A 54059650 beschriebenen Verfahrensweise kommt es jedoch aufgrund einer unvermeidbaren Kältemittelkondensation zu einer unerwünschten Kondensat- bzw. Nassdampfbildung. Um die damit einhergehenden Probleme zu veringern, wird in der J P-A 54059650 vorgeschlagen, in der Saugleitung einen Flüssigkeitsabscheider vorzusehen; dieser ist erforderlich, um den oder die Verdichter vor einem schädigenden "Nassbetrieb" - also dem Ansaugen von Kältemittel-Nassdampf - zu schützen.Also from JP-A 54059650 is a method for defrosting the evaporator or Heat exchanger of one or more refrigeration consumers known. When in the However, JP-A 54059650 described method occurs due to a unavoidable refrigerant condensation to an undesirable condensate or Wet steam formation. In order to reduce the associated problems, is in the J P-A 54059650 proposed, in the suction line a liquid separator provide; This is needed to get the one or more compressors in front of you damaging "wet operation" - ie the suction of refrigerant wet steam - too protect.

Eine derartige Kondensat- bzw. Nassdampfbildung hat zur Folge, dass beim Umschalten eines (zuvor abgetauten) Verdampfers bzw. Wärmetauschers von dem Abtau- auf den Kühlbetrieb das gebildete Kondensat - sofem nicht entsprechende Maßnahmen, die dies verhindern, getroffen werden - von dem oder den Verdichtern der Verdichtereinheit angesaugt werden - dies wird als so genanntes Nassfahren eines Verdichters bezeichnet -, wodurch der bzw. die Verdichter beschädigt werden können.Such condensate or wet steam formation has the consequence that when Switching a (previously thawed) evaporator or heat exchanger of the Defrosting to cooling operation the condensate formed - if not appropriate Measures that prevent this are taken - from the compressor (s) the compressor unit are sucked - this is called wet driving of a compressor - causing damage to the compressor (s) can.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage, mit dem sich die bisher im Abtaubetrieb ergebenden Nachteile vermeiden lassen, anzugeben.Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for Operating a refrigeration system with which the previously resulting in defrosting To avoid disadvantages.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass das dem oder den abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchern zugeführte verdichtete, warme Kältemittel vor der Zuführung zu dem oder den abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchem auf das Saugdruckniveau des Kältemittelkreislaufes entspannt wird.To solve this problem, a method is proposed, thereby is characterized in that the one or the thawed cold consumers supplied compressed, hot refrigerant before feeding to the or abzuzutauenden Kälteverbrauchem on the suction pressure level of the refrigerant circuit is relaxed.

Mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensführung kann nunmehr sichergestellt werden, dass es in dem oder den abzutauenden Verdampfem bzw. Wärmetauschern zu keiner unerwünschten Kondensat- bzw. Nassdampfbildung kommt. Damit werden auch die bisher beim Umschalten eines (zuvor abgetauten) Verdampfers bzw. Wärmetauschers von dem Abtau- auf den Kühlbetrieb aufgrund der Kondensat- bzw. Nassdampfbildung auftretenden Probleme wirkungsvoll vermieden.By means of the process control according to the invention can now be ensured be that in the one or more evaporated evaporators or heat exchangers no unwanted condensate or wet steam is formed. With that also the previously when switching a (previously defrosted) evaporator or Heat exchanger from the defrost to the cooling operation due to the condensate or Wet steam formation occurring problems effectively avoided.

Insbesondere dann, wenn als Kältemittel Kohlendioxid Anwendung findet, bietet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber den bekannten, zum Stand der Technik zählenden Verfahren. Während die üblicherweise realisierte Druckgasabtauung im Kondensationsverfahren auf der Niederdruckseite zu sehr hohen Drucklagen führt - die Drücke liegen hierbei zwischen 40 und 50 bar - und daher entsprechend teure, gegenwärtig nicht handelsübliche Komponenten erforderlich werden, ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren deutlich niedrigere Drucklagen zwischen 12 und 14 bar, so dass der Einsatz von Standard-Komponenten ohne Weiteres möglich ist.Especially when used as a refrigerant carbon dioxide, provides the inventive method significant advantages over the known, for State of the art counting methods. While the usually realized Druckgasabtauung in the condensation process on the low pressure side to very high Pressure conditions leads - the pressures are between 40 and 50 bar - and therefore correspondingly expensive, currently not commercially available components required be, the inventive method allows significantly lower pressure levels between 12 and 14 bar, allowing the use of standard components without Further is possible.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren benötigt im Gegensatz zu den zum Stand der Technik zählenden (Kondensations)Verfahren keine HD-Konstantdruckregelung über eine zusätzliche Regelarmatur. Die jeweils erforderliche Abtauleistung wird erfindungsgemäß ausschließlich über die Drosseleinrichtung am Verdampfer - also das Heißgas-Magnetvetil, den Verteiler sowie die Verteilrohre - und dem sich aus der Verflüssigerstufenregelung - im Regelfall kommt eine Verflüssigerlüfter-Stufenschaltung oder -Drehzahlregelung zur Anwendung - ergebenden Differenzdruck zwischen Hoch- und Niederdruck bestimmt bzw. geregelt.The inventive method requires in contrast to those of the prior Technique counting (condensation) process no HD constant pressure control over an additional control valve. The defrosting required will be according to the invention exclusively on the throttle device on the evaporator - ie the hot gas Magnetvetil, the distributor and the distribution pipes - and from the Condenser stage control - as a rule, there is a condenser fan stage control or - speed control for use - resulting differential pressure between High and low pressure determined or regulated.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche.Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are Subject of the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen desselben seien anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The inventive method and other embodiments thereof are the same explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the figure.

Die Figur zeigt eine schematisierte Darstellung des Kältemittelkreislaufes einer Kälteanlage, wobei der Verflüssiger nicht dargestellt ist. Ebenfalls nicht dargestellt sind die den Kälteverbrauchern V1 und V2 vorgeschalteten Expansionseinrichtungen bzw. - ventile, in denen das in den oder die Verdampfer der Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 strömende Kältemittel entspannt wird.The figure shows a schematic representation of the refrigerant circuit a Refrigeration system, wherein the condenser is not shown. Also not shown the upstream of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 expansion devices or - Valves, in which in the evaporator or evaporators of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 flowing refrigerant is relaxed.

Über Leitung 1 wird das flüssige Kältemittel aus dem nicht dargestellten Verflüssiger einem optional vorzusehenden Sammelbehälter S1 zugeführt. Aus diesem wird das Kältemittel über die sog. Flüssigkeitsleitungen 2 sowie 2' und/oder 2" einem oder zeitgleich beiden Kälteverbrauchern V1 und V2 zugeführt.Via line 1, the liquid refrigerant from the condenser, not shown fed to an optional collection container S1. This will become that Refrigerant via the so-called. Liquid lines 2 and 2 'and / or 2 "one or simultaneously supplied to both refrigeration consumers V1 and V2.

Das in den Verdampfem der Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 verdampfte Kältemittel wird aus diesen über die Leitungen 3, 3' und 3" abgezogen und einem den Verdichtem X, Y und Z vorgeschalteten Sammelbehälter S2 zugeführt. Auch dieser Sammelbehälter S2, der der Abtrennung von in dem Kältemittel mitgerissenem Öl dient, ist nicht zwingend erforderlich. The evaporated in the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 refrigerant is from these via the lines 3, 3 'and 3 "deducted and the Verdichtem X, Y and Z upstream collection container S2 supplied. Also this collection S2, which is used for the separation of entrained in the refrigerant oil, is not mandatory required.

Das in dem Sammelbehälter S2 vorliegende verdampfte Kältemittel wird von den Verdichtem X, Y und Z auf den gewünschten Kreislaufdruck verdichtet und anschließend über die sog. Druckleitung 5 wieder dem Verflüssiger zugeführt.The vaporized refrigerant present in the sump S2 is discharged from the Compresses X, Y and Z compressed to the desired circuit pressure and subsequently fed back to the condenser via the so-called pressure line 5.

Erfindungsgemäß sind nunmehr die Verdichter X, Y und Z ausgangsseitig über die Abtauleitungen 6 sowie 8 und/oder 9 mit den Eingangsseiten der Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 verbunden bzw. verbindbar. In Abhängigkeit von dem Abtaubedarf der Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 kann - bei geöffnetem Ventil a sowie geöffneten Ventilen c und/oder d - dem oder den abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchern V1 und V2 zumindest ein Teilstrom des verdichteten, warmen Kältemittels, durch den der Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher des abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchers V1 oder V2 abgetaut wird, zugeführt werden.According to the invention, the compressors X, Y and Z are now on the output side via the Abtauleitungen 6 and 8 and / or 9 with the input sides of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 connected or connectable. Depending on the defrost requirement of the Refrigerant consumers V1 and V2 can - with the valve a open and valves open c and / or d - the one or more cold consumers V1 and V2 to be defrosted a partial flow of the compressed, hot refrigerant through which the evaporator or Heat exchanger of the thawed cold consumer V1 or V2 is defrosted, be supplied.

Sofern der Kältemittelkreislauf lediglich zwei Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 aufweist, kann jeweils nur ein Kälteverbraucher bzw. dessen Verdampfer abgetaut werden, während sich der Verdampfer des jeweils anderen Kälteverbrauchers im Kühlbetrieb befindet. Sind hingegen drei oder mehr Kälteverbraucher in den Kältekreislauf eingebunden, können zeitgleich wenigstens zwei Kälteverbraucher bzw. deren Verdampfer abgetaut werden. Es muss somit lediglich sichergestellt sein, dass sich wenigstens der Verdampfer eines Kälteverbrauchers im Kühlbetrieb befindet.If the refrigerant circuit has only two refrigeration consumers V1 and V2, in each case only one cold consumer or its evaporator can be defrosted, while the evaporator of the other cold consumer in the cooling mode located. If, on the other hand, three or more refrigeration consumers enter the refrigeration cycle integrated, at least two refrigeration consumers or their Be thawed evaporator. It must therefore only be ensured that at least the evaporator of a refrigeration consumer is in cooling mode.

Befindet sich also bspw. der Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers V1 im Kühlbetrieb und soll der Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers V2 abgetaut werden, so wird dem Kälteverbraucher V2 das warme Kältemittel über die Abtauleitungen 6 und 9 zugeführt und im Ventil d - Ventil c ist währenddessen geschlossen - auf das Saugdruckniveau des Kältekreislaufes entspannt.Thus, for example, is the evaporator of the refrigeration consumer V1 in cooling mode and if the evaporator of Kälteverbrauchers V2 be defrosted, so is the Refrigeration V2 supplied the warm refrigerant via the defrosting lines 6 and 9 and in valve d - valve c is closed during this - to the suction pressure level the refrigeration cycle relaxed.

Vorteilhafterweise ist zudem eine mit den Eingangsseiten der Verdichter X, Y und Z verbundene oder verbindbare Absaugleitung 7, in der ein Absperrventil b angeordnet ist, vorgesehen. Über diese kann nach Beendigung eines Abtauvorganges ein Absaugen von noch in den Abtauleitungen 6 sowie 8 und/oder 9 verbliebenem Kältemittel erfolgen.Advantageously, in addition, one with the input sides of the compressor X, Y and Z connected or connectable suction 7, in which a shut-off valve b arranged is provided. About this can after completion of a defrosting a Suction of still remaining in the defrosting lines 6 and 8 and / or 9 remaining Refrigerants take place.

Darüber hinaus kann über die Absaugleitung 7 der für das sichere Schließen der Ventile a, c und/oder d erforderliche Schließdruck erzeugt werden. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Bedeutung, wenn die Ventile a, c und/oder d als (servogesteuerte) Magnetventile ausgebildet sind, was den Regelfall darstellen dürfte.In addition, via the suction line 7 for the safe closing of the Valves a, c and / or d required closing pressure can be generated. This is especially important if the valves a, c and / or d as (servo-controlled) solenoid valves are formed, which should be the rule.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage ermöglicht - unabhängig von der Art des verwendeten Kältemittels und somit auch bei der Verwendung von Kohlendioxid als Kältemittel - einen kostengünstigen und verfahrenstechnisch einfachen Abtauprozess.The inventive method for operating a refrigeration system allows - Regardless of the type of refrigerant used and thus also in the Use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant - a cost-effective and procedurally simple defrosting process.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht es ferner, Kälteverbraucher einzeln abzutauen. Die steuerungstechnische Auslegung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind als vergleichsweise wenig aufwendig zu bezeichnen.The invention also makes it possible to defrost cold consumers individually. The Control engineering design of the refrigeration system according to the invention and the The method according to the invention is comparatively inexpensive describe.

Claims (2)

Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage mit wenigstens einem Kältemittelkreislauf, welcher wenigstens einen Verflüssiger, wenigstens zwei Kälteverbraucher und wenigstens einen Verdichter mit wenigstens zwei Leistungsstufen oder wenigstens zwei Verdichter aufweist, und bei der der oder die Verdichter ausgangsseitig über eine Abtauleitung mit den Eingangsseiten der Kälteverbraucher verbunden oder verbindbar sind, wobei in Abhängigkeit von dem Abtaubedarf eines oder mehrerer Kälteverbraucher verdichtetes, warmes Kältemittel über die Abtauleitung dem oder den abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchern zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das dem oder den abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchern (V1, V2) zugeführte verdichtete, warme Kältemittel vor der Zuführung zu dem oder den abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchern (V1, V2) auf das Saugdruckniveau des Kältemittelkreislaufes entspannt wird (c, d).Method for operating a refrigeration system with at least one refrigerant circuit, which has at least one condenser, at least two refrigeration consumers and at least one compressor with at least two power levels or at least two compressors, and in which the compressor or the compressor on the output side connected via a defrost line to the input sides of the refrigeration consumer or can be connected, wherein depending on the defrost requirement of one or more refrigeration consumers compressed, warm refrigerant is supplied via the defrost to the or the thawed cold consumers, characterized in that the one or more thawed cold consumers (V1, V2) supplied compressed, warm refrigerant before Supply to the one or more cold consumers to be defrosted (V1, V2) to the suction pressure level of the refrigerant circuit is relaxed (c, d). Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Abtauleitung über eine Absaugleitung mit den Eingangsseiten der Verdichter verbunden oder verbindbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Beendigung eines Abtauvorganges über die Absaugleitung (7) ein Absaugen der Abtauleitung (6, 8, 9) erfolgt.Method for operating a refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the defrosting line is connected or connectable to the inlet sides of the compressor via a suction line, characterized in that after termination of a defrosting process via the suction line (7), suctioning off the defrosting line (6, 8, 9) he follows.
EP20040015601 2003-07-18 2004-07-02 Hot gas defrost system for refrigeration systems Expired - Lifetime EP1498673B1 (en)

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CN100451503C (en) * 2005-12-29 2009-01-14 瑞弘冷冻科技股份有限公司 Defrosting pipeline for petrochemical gas heat exchanger
DE102017110560A1 (en) 2017-05-16 2018-11-22 kke GmbH Refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration system with an arrangement for defrosting a heat exchanger and method for operating the refrigerant circuit

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US11828506B2 (en) 2021-09-03 2023-11-28 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Hot gas defrost using dedicated low temperature compressor discharge
US12007159B2 (en) 2022-06-20 2024-06-11 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Hot gas defrost using low temperature compressor discharge gas and auxiliary flash tank

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