EP1497227A2 - Verfahren zur aufreinigung von cyanamid-haltigen l sungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur aufreinigung von cyanamid-haltigen l sungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1497227A2 EP1497227A2 EP03727327A EP03727327A EP1497227A2 EP 1497227 A2 EP1497227 A2 EP 1497227A2 EP 03727327 A EP03727327 A EP 03727327A EP 03727327 A EP03727327 A EP 03727327A EP 1497227 A2 EP1497227 A2 EP 1497227A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- cyanamide
- solution
- starting solution
- subjected
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC)=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1 MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MYFXBBAEXORJNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium cyanamide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[N-]=C=[N-] MYFXBBAEXORJNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002529 flux (metallurgy) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/16—Cyanamide; Salts thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying solutions containing cyanamide.
- Cyanamide is manufactured on an industrial scale from calcium cyanamide, which in turn is obtained from lime, calcium carbide and nitrogen.
- Metals contained therein such as e.g. Iron, nickel and calcium, in the manufacturing process for cyanamide.
- the quantity or concentration of the contaminating metals depends mainly on the quality of the raw materials coke and lime used in the production of lime nitrogen.
- the lime contamination mainly results from the type and composition of the gas and oil used in lime burning.
- metallic impurities are introduced into the product via the coke but also by burning off the blast furnace electrode used, in which case the impurities originate from the (steel) sheathing of the electrode.
- Membrane separation processes based on this principle are microfiltration with pore sizes of approx. 0.05 to 2.0 ⁇ m and ultrafiltration with pore sizes of approx. 0.003 to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the driving force here is the pressure difference between the so-called feed side and the permeate side.
- the membrane acts as a dense separation layer.
- the feed stream and its dissolved ingredients dissolve in the membrane and diffuse through it.
- the substances that are to be retained are only poorly soluble in the membrane used and / or have one low diffusion speed, so that noticeably more of the desired substances pass through the membrane in the same time.
- This type of membrane separation is known as reverse osmosis, reverse 5 osmosis or hyperfiltration.
- the separation limit is given as the molecular size, the mass weight cut off (MWCO) indicating the molecular weight of a standardized polysaccharide, the size of which defines the separation limit i o of the membrane using a standardized method.
- MWCO mass weight cut off
- Reverse osmosis typically retains molecules between 30 and 300 g / mol.
- a membrane used for this is also characterized in part by its retention of NaCl in water.
- the driving force in this model is the pressure difference between feed side 15 and permeate side.
- Nanofiltration works in the border area between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis and combines features of both models.
- the separation limit is usually at diameters from 0.8 to 600 nm or at molecular sizes from 80 to 15,000 g / mol.
- Solvent is removed from the suspension or solution directly on the membrane during the filtration, the retained contents concentrate on. This effect is called concentration polarization; a cover layer forms on the membrane. In order to keep this cover layer as thin as possible and thus counteract the concentration polarization, an attempt is made to generate as much turbulence as possible in the feed stream on the membrane.
- the membrane is flowed over in parallel, so that at the end of the membrane a stream enriched in contaminants emerges from the membrane module, which is referred to as retentate. This principle is called "crossflow".
- the membrane module Since a relatively large retentate stream is produced in this crossflow mode of operation, the membrane module is operated in a "feed-and-bleed system". Here, the retentate is fed back in front of the membrane module. From this circuit, a small stream is discharged via the pressure control valve, which is referred to as concentrate.
- the high-pressure pump only has to deliver the volume flow resulting from the sum of permeate and concentrate.
- a recirculation pump promotes the large volume flow that hits the membrane module. This in turn only has to overcome the pressure loss that arises when the module flows through the feed side.
- the disadvantage of this method is considered that the process conditions are difficult to adapt to different molecular or ion sizes and that colloidal components in particular easily occupy the membrane pores.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a process for the purification of solutions containing cyanamide, with which the disruptive ionic impurities iron, nickel and calcium are removed from the solution to such an extent that their negative effects occur the product quality can be eliminated.
- Aqueous or alcoholic starting solutions are particularly suitable.
- the membrane used can be used in different forms: either as a flat membrane (structure similar to a filter press in flat plates), as a hollow fiber module (a bundle of thin tubes), as a tubular module (thick tubes) or as a winding module (rolled up). Because of their small construction volume and the comparatively low manufacturing costs, winding modules are usually used.
- the feed solution flows into the membrane module at one end, where the permeate is branched off through the membrane. The rest leave the module on the other end as a retentate.
- MWCO value of the separation membrane is 150 to 1000 Daltons and particularly preferably 200 to 500 Daltons.
- the present invention also prefers a separating membrane which contains a polyamide as the separating layer.
- membranes do not consist of just one layer (symmetrical membranes) but are constructed asymmetrically.
- the very thin active separation layer is applied to a thicker carrier layer.
- the carrier layer is usually coarse-pored and does not contribute to the separation. It is only intended to ensure pressure stability. It is recommended that there is another layer between the separating and carrier layers that functions as a putty.
- the active separating layer of the membrane used consists of a polyamide; the carrier can be polyethylene, for example. There is therefore a composite membrane.
- pressures have proven to be suitable which are between 10 and 40 bar.
- the cover layer described forms on the membrane. A large part of the deposited substances can be removed during cleaning, but a small part remains and can slowly but permanently deteriorate the flow rate of the membrane.
- a cleaning agent can also be added to the water, which makes the cleaning solution acidic or alkaline.
- the added cleaning agents can also contain salts for pH buffering, enzymes or surfactants.
- the solubility of impurities that are on the membrane is higher when cleaning at a higher temperature. It can therefore be beneficial to use cleaning solutions that are up to 40 ° C warm. As a rule, the Membrane not cleaned on the permeate side, since substances that reach the permeate side during operation are flushed out of the membrane module with the permeate.
- the method according to the invention comprises, it takes into account a preferred variant in which calcium-containing, iron- or or nickel-containing or silicon-containing compounds, in particular silica or mixtures thereof, are separated from the starting solution ,
- the feed solution was fed continuously from the circulating circuit of a cyanamide solution storage container via a prefiltration into a storage container.
- the pre-filtration consisted of a bag filter (depth filter with a nominal pore size of 1 ⁇ m: Amafilter HPM97-01-1SS) and a candle filter (6 candles with a pore size of 0.5 ⁇ m: Amafilter Part # T8619508246; WS 0.5-20U-X9 246).
- This system was operated with a recirculation at a high pressure level, with permeate and concentrate flowing continuously into the corresponding storage tanks.
- the operating pressure was set in three pressure levels of 20, 30 and 40 bar.
- the concentration ratio (ratio of permeate to feed) was chosen to be 50, 75, 82 and 90%, which corresponded to a concentrate: permeate ratio of 100%, 33%, 22% and 11%, respectively.
- the characteristic measured variables were the pressures on the feed and retentate sides, the retentate temperature, the pressure drop across the bag filter, the volume flows for permeate and concentrate and the concentrations of the substances to be retained calcium, iron, nickel and SiO 2 in the feed (each after prefiltration), in the permeate and in the concentrate.
- Table 1 contains the analytical values and the resulting retention for the monitored substances Ca, Fe, SiO 2 and nickel. Different retention values were determined from the analysis values for the contaminants under consideration. In the case of SiO 2 in particular, the retention fluctuates greatly, since the colloidal nature of the SiO 2 allows it to be in a wide variety of forms.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2002117530 DE10217530B4 (de) | 2002-04-19 | 2002-04-19 | Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von Cyanamid-haltigen Lösungen |
| DE10217530 | 2002-04-19 | ||
| PCT/EP2003/004086 WO2003089372A2 (de) | 2002-04-19 | 2003-04-16 | Verfahren zur aufreinigung von cyanamid-haltigen lösungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1497227A2 true EP1497227A2 (de) | 2005-01-19 |
Family
ID=29224598
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03727327A Withdrawn EP1497227A2 (de) | 2002-04-19 | 2003-04-16 | Verfahren zur aufreinigung von cyanamid-haltigen l sungen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1497227A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005523227A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN100333824C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10217530B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003089372A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110694479A (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-17 | 山东益丰生化环保股份有限公司 | 一种单氰胺溶液的净化方法 |
| CN110921682A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-03-27 | 山东益丰生化环保股份有限公司 | 一种单氰胺溶液的净化方法 |
| CN118955333A (zh) * | 2024-07-31 | 2024-11-15 | 宁夏恒康科技有限公司 | 一种一水肌酸生产系统及生产方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3370922A (en) * | 1965-03-23 | 1968-02-27 | Hoffmann La Roche | Purification of cyanamide |
| US3300281A (en) * | 1965-08-06 | 1967-01-24 | American Cyanamid Co | Method for manufacture of cyanamide |
| US4617127A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-10-14 | Allied Corporation | Production of low alcoholic content beverages |
| US5843318A (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-12-01 | Sachem, Inc. | Methods of purifying hydroxlamine solutions and separating hydroxylamine from hydroxlamine salts |
-
2002
- 2002-04-19 DE DE2002117530 patent/DE10217530B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-16 CN CNB038086328A patent/CN100333824C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-16 WO PCT/EP2003/004086 patent/WO2003089372A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-16 EP EP03727327A patent/EP1497227A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-16 JP JP2003586094A patent/JP2005523227A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03089372A3 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1646428A (zh) | 2005-07-27 |
| WO2003089372A3 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
| WO2003089372A2 (de) | 2003-10-30 |
| CN100333824C (zh) | 2007-08-29 |
| JP2005523227A (ja) | 2005-08-04 |
| DE10217530A1 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
| DE10217530B4 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
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