EP1494832A1 - Appareil et procede de formation de soudure aux proprietes physiques ameliorees - Google Patents

Appareil et procede de formation de soudure aux proprietes physiques ameliorees

Info

Publication number
EP1494832A1
EP1494832A1 EP03723799A EP03723799A EP1494832A1 EP 1494832 A1 EP1494832 A1 EP 1494832A1 EP 03723799 A EP03723799 A EP 03723799A EP 03723799 A EP03723799 A EP 03723799A EP 1494832 A1 EP1494832 A1 EP 1494832A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
welding
compression
workpieces
weld joint
along
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03723799A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1494832A4 (fr
Inventor
Paul S.-Iii Prevey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Surface Technology Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Surface Technology Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2002/035214 external-priority patent/WO2003039804A1/fr
Application filed by Surface Technology Holdings Ltd filed Critical Surface Technology Holdings Ltd
Publication of EP1494832A1 publication Critical patent/EP1494832A1/fr
Publication of EP1494832A4 publication Critical patent/EP1494832A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B39/00—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for forming a weld joint having improved physical properties and, more particularly, to a method of forming a weld joint utilizing a controlled method of inducing a specific compressive residual stress pattern and degree of cold working along the welding line to improve the physical properties of the weld.
  • welding such as gas welding, arc welding, resistance welding, thermite welding, laser welding, and electron- beam welding
  • fastening methods such as bolting, riveting and the like.
  • Such welding techniques either involve the complete fusion of material forming a liquid state which subsequently solidifies producing altered microstructures and properties, or they involve a solid state welding process, but again producing a highly altered metallurgical state.
  • the particular welding process best suited to join two pieces of metal depends on the physical properties of the metals, the specific use to which they are applied, and the production facilities available.
  • Corrosion resistance of a weld joint may also be improved by applying a coating, such as paint, electroplating or galvanizing, to all susceptible surfaces.
  • a coating such as paint, electroplating or galvanizing
  • such coatings also require a second independent process, which significantly increases the cost and production time.
  • such coatings provide only a superficial protective layer and do not protect surfaces that cannot be accessed, and protection of the surface is lost if the coating is broken or deteriorates during service.
  • Methods of inducing compressive stresses along the surfaces of a workpiece have been used to improve the fatigue life and corrosion resistance in the surface of a final part.
  • One such method that has been utilized for inducing a layer of compressive stress in the surface of a workpiece to improve the fatigue life and corrosion resistance of the final part is burnishing.
  • the generally accepted practice for burnishing utilizes repeated deformation of the surface of the workpiece, in order to deliberately cold work the surface of the material to increase the yield strength. Yielding the surface of the material in tension so that it returns in a state of compression following deformation develops compressive stresses.
  • excess cold working may produce tensile surface stresses or spalling damage and may leave the surface susceptible to overload and thermal relaxation.
  • shot peening whereby a plurality of metallic or ceramic pel lets are projected mechanically or through air pressure to impinge the surface of a workpiece
  • gravity peening whereby pellets are dropped from a predetermined distance onto the surface of the workpiece.
  • shot peening and gravity peening may be used for inducing compressive residual stresses along the surface of the weld joint
  • shot peening and gravity peening also impart an uncontrolled amount of cold work making it difficult to optimize the physical properties of the weld.
  • the degree of cold working of the material by shot peening or gravity peening is relatively high, which may be undesirable for many applications.
  • shot or gravity peening induced compressive residual stresses are relatively shallow, affording limited benefit in arresting fatigue or stress corrosion cracks because the shallow compressive layer may be lost to wear or corrosion in service. Shot peening and gravity peening also produce a poor surface finish further making the processes unacceptable for many applications. It is also known that the beneficial effects produced by shot peening and gravity peening are generally lost as the pattern of compression relaxes with time in elevated temperature service.
  • the novel method of forming a weld joint of the present invention comprises the steps of performing a welding operation along a weld line to join two or more workpieces together; and performing a compression operation to induce a deep layer of compression in the surfaces of the workpieces to improve the material properties of the final product.
  • the welding operation forms regions of elevated surface temperature along the workpieces, and the compression operation is performed along the regions to produce deep compression.
  • the method of forming a weld joint further comprises the step of using x-ray diffraction for determining the desired compressive stress pattern and amount of cold working and surface hardening for optimizing the physical properties of the weld joint and the finished product.
  • the method of forming a weld joint further comprises the step of varying the amount of cold working to achieve the desired physical properties of the weld joint.
  • the method of forming a weld joint comprises the step of inducing a pattern of compressive residual stress with a minimal amount of cold working along a selected region. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the method of forming a weld joint comprises the step of inducing a pattern of compressive residual stress with less than about 5 percent cold working along the selected region.
  • the method of forming a weld joint comprises the step of inducing a pattern of compressive residual stress with less than about 2 percent cold working along the selected region.
  • the method of forming a weld joint comprises the step of inducing a pattern of compressive residual stress and varying amounts of cold working to achieve the desired physical properties of the weld joint and the final part.
  • the method of forming a weld joint comprises the step of utilizing a compression tool having a single-point of contact means for applying a force along the weld line to produce a zone of deformation having a deep layer of compression within the weld joint.
  • the method of forming a weld joint comprises the step of passing a compression tool in a predetermined pattern across the weld line such that the zones of deformation formed by each pass of the compression tool overlap in a controlled manner.
  • the method of forming a weld joint comprises the steps of predetermining and adjusting the application force to be applied along the weld line any heat affected regions; and using a programmable control unit to direct a compression tool in a predetermined pattern over the weld line and regions adjacent to the weld line to provide the maximum compressive residual stress with the minimum amount of cold working and surface hardening.
  • the method of forming a weld joint comprises the step of using a control device for automatically controlling the movement and position of a welding tool.
  • the method of forming a weld joint comprises the step of using a control device for automatically controlling the movement, position and compression force of a compression tool.
  • the method of forming a weld joint includes the step of performing a welding operation using a welding tool selected from the group consisting of gas welding tools, arc welding tools, resistance welding tools, thermite welding tools, laser welding tools, and electron-beam welding tools.
  • a welding tool selected from the group consisting of gas welding tools, arc welding tools, resistance welding tools, thermite welding tools, laser welding tools, and electron-beam welding tools.
  • the invention comprises the step of using a welding apparatus having a welding tool for performing a welding operation and a tool for inducing a layer of compressive residual stress along the weld line to form a weld joint having improved physical properties.
  • the method of forming a weld joint includes the step of heating a selected region of a workpiece and inducing compression along the selected region.
  • the method of forming a weld joint includes the step of cooling a selected region of the workpiece prior to inducing a layer of compressive residual stress along the surface of the selected region.
  • the welding tool is capable of performing at least one welding operation, the welding operation being selected from the group consisting of gas welding, arc welding, resistance welding, thermite welding, Laser welding, and electron-beam welding.
  • the apparatus for forming a weld joint comprises a welding tool for performing a welding operation and a compression tool for inducing a layer of compressive residual stress along the surface of the weld joint and any heat affected regions.
  • the apparatus for forming a weld joint comprises a welding apparatus having a single-point of contact compression tool.
  • the apparatus for forming a weld joint comprises means for controlling the movement of the welding tool.
  • the apparatus for forming a weld joint comprises means for controlling the movement of the compression tool.
  • the apparatus for forming a weld joint comprises means for controlling the pressure being applied by the compression tool along the surface of a workpiece.
  • the welding apparatus comprises means for heating a region of a workpiece.
  • the welding apparatus comprises means for cooling a region of a workpiece.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a structure formed by welding and having a preferred residual stress pattern formed along the weld line.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a structure formed by a plurality of plates, the plates being secured in place by welding and having a selected compressive residual stress pattern therein.
  • the structure is selected from the group consisting of aircraft structures, marine structures, construction structures, automotive structures, and canisters, containers, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of the welding apparatus for implementing the method of forming a weld joint of the present invention showing the controller, positioning device, welding tool and the compression tool;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the welding apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the welding tool and the compression tool;
  • FIG.3 is a partial schematic side view of the welding apparatus of FIG.2;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating that a greater depth of compression can be achieved with increase loading in spherical ball burnishing (using a 0.75 in (1.9 cm) ball) at an elevated temperature of 400 °F (204 °C) as compared to the same process at room temperature;
  • FIG.5 is a graph illustrating that an increase in surface tensile stress can be obtained by cooling the surface of the workpiece (plotted as a function of the temperature differential between the surface and the interior of the workpiece);
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic of another embodiment of the welding apparatus for implementing the method of forming a weld joint showing means for spraying a coolant to create a temperature gradient between the surface and the interior of the workpiece prior to and during the compression operation;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic of another embodiment of the welding apparatus for implementing the method of forming a weld joint showing another means for delivering a coolant to create a temperature gradient between the surface and the interior of a workpiece prior to and during the compression operation;
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the welding apparatus of FIG. 7 taken along section A - A;
  • FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the surface residual stress distribution induced in the surface of a workpiece using a conventional method of welding as compared to the method of welding of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating the average percent cold work distribution relating to the methods of welding of FIG. 9. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
  • the present invention is directed to a new and novel method and apparatus for performing the method of forming a weld joint and, a more particularly, a method and apparatus for forming a weld joint which utilizes a controlled process of inducing a specific compressive residual stress pattern and degree of cold working and surface hardening along a weld line to improve the physical properties of the weld joint and the resulting final product.
  • the welding apparatus comprises a welding tool for welding one or more workpieces, and a compression tool for inducing a layer of residual compressive stress in the surface of a workpiece.
  • the method utilizes a process of inducing a specific and selected pattern of compressive residual stress and selected amount of cold working and surface hardening, such as by the process of controlled low plasticity burnishing, to improve the physical properties of the weld joint and the resulting final product.
  • the welding apparatus 100 comprises a welding tool 102 having one or more welding heads effective for performing a conventional welding operation such as gas welding, arc welding, resistance welding, thermite welding, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, friction stir welding, and electron-beam welding.
  • the welding apparatus 100 further comprises a compression tool 106 for producing a zone of deformation and a relatively deep layer of compression along the weld line 18 and any heat affected regions 20, which are typically adjacent to the weld line 18. While various compression tools have been developed for inducing a layer of compressive residual stress in the surface of a workpiece, preferably, the compression tool 106 is a single-point burnishing tool for implementing the method of the present invention.
  • the single-point burnishing operation is performed using the forward most tip 108 of a burnishing ball 110 which is caused to pass over the weld line 18 (FIG.2) and any heat affected regions 20 in a rolling motion to induce deep compression.
  • the compression tool 106 operates by forcing the burnishing ball 110 against the surface of the workpiece 10, 12 and along the weld line 18 to produce a zone of deformation and to induce a deep layer of compression within the surface of the workpieces 10, 12.
  • the welding tool 102 and the compression tool 106 can be mounted onto a single, or on separate, conventional positioning device 104 that can be manually or automatically operated and can be controlled using a conventional controller 116 operating under computer software control for automatically controlling the positioning of the welding tool 102 and the compression tool 106 .
  • the positioning device 104 may also include belt and/or gear drive assemblies (not shown) powered by servomotors (not shown), as is known in the art and can be in operable communication with the controller 116 through suitable wiring (not shown).
  • the welding tool 102 is moved along the weld line 18 formed by the opposing ends 14, 16 of the workpieces 10, 12, respectively, to weld the ends
  • the welding tool 102 can be fixed and the workpieces 10, 12 can be moved relative to the welding tool 102.
  • a layer of residual compressive stress is then induced along the weld line 18 and any heat-affected regions 20 produced by the heat generated during the welding process, using the compression tool 106.
  • the compression tool 106 can also be utilized to induce a layer of residual compressive stress to other regions along the surfaces of the workpieces 10, 12 to produce a final part having a desired compressive stress pattern.
  • conventional x-ray diffraction techniques are used to analyze the area along the weld line 18 and the heat affected regions 20, for determining a desired compressive stress pattern and the amount of cold working and surface hardening required to optimize the physical characteristics of the weld joint 22 and the resulting final product.
  • the burnishing ball 110 can then be passed in a selected pattern and pressure across the weld line 18, and any heat affected regions 20, to induce the desired compressive stress pattern with the desired amount of cold working and surface hardening.
  • the method of single-point burnishing applied in a single-pass or multiple passes of reduced compressive force, can be an effective method for producing compressive residual stresses following tensile deformation of the surface to a certain depth within the weld joint 22, and any heat affected regions 20, and to produce deep compression with minimal cold working.
  • this single-point burnishing method can be used to produce a final part with less cold work and surface hardening than a part subjected to conventional shot peening or gravity peening. Further, the residual compressive stress developed by this method penetrates to a greater depth within the surface of the workpiece than developed by conventional methods, such as shot peening and conventional burnishing.
  • the amount of cold working and surface hardening can also be varied as part of the process to optimize the physical properties of the weld joint and the final product and will depend on the particular material being welded and the environment which the part will be subjected to during its life.
  • the depth of compression calculated using conventional finite element methods and published yield strengths, achieved by burnishing a material, such as 7075-T6 aluminum, at a heated temperature, such as 400°F (204°C), is over twice the depth of compression achieved by burnishing at room temperature. The depth of compression achieved increases with the increasing burnishing load.
  • a preferred embodiment of the welding apparatus 100 comprising a conventional welding tool 102 effective for performing a welding operation.
  • the welding tool 102 includes a welding probe 112, such as an electrode or other heating source, extending downwardly from the shoulder 114 of the welding tool 102.
  • the welding probe 112 is brought into close proximity or contact with the opposing ends 14 and 16 of the workpieces 10 and 12, respectively, and moved along the weld line 18 which heats and softens the material of the workpieces 10 and 12 in the vicinity of the welding probe 112 creating heated, melted or plasticized, regions 20 along the welding line 18 in the workpieces 10 and 12.
  • the compression operation is performed using the compression tool 106, such as the burnishing tool previously described herein, to induce a layer of residual compressive stress along the surface of the weld line 18, and any heat affected regions 20, to form a weld joint 22.
  • the compression operation is preferably performed while the weld line 18 and any heat affected regions 20 are at their elevated temperature produced by the welding process.
  • the positioning device 104 (FIG. 1) can be mounted to a conventional controller 116 having a processor for storing system software or program (not shown) to automatically control the pressure being exerted by the compression tool 106 at particular points along the welding line 18, and any heat affected regions 20, and other selected regions, thereby controlling the magnitude of compression being induced.
  • the controller 116 having a processor for storing system software or program (not shown) to automatically control the pressure being exerted by the compression tool 106 at particular points along the welding line 18, and any heat affected regions 20, and other selected regions, thereby controlling the magnitude of compression being induced.
  • the controller 116 having a processor for storing
  • the compression operation can be performed along the surface regions of the workpieces that are at an elevated temperature caused by the welding process. It should be understood that the compression operation can also be performed along regions that are not at an elevated temperature or can be performed along regions that have an elevated temperature produced by other means such as by induction heating, torch, laser, heated fluid, and the like.
  • the welding apparatus 100 is shown having a heating means 107 mounted to the compression tool 106 for heating and elevating the surface temperature of the workpieces 10, 12 just prior to performing the compression operation.
  • a fluid coolant 122 is sprayed along the weld line 18, and any heat affected regions 20, prior to performing the compression operation. It has been found that cooling, such as by applying a coolant 122, the regions 20 heated during the welding operation, and other selected regions along the surfaces of the workpieces 10, 12, creates a tensile pre-stress condition prior to deformation by the compression tool 106. Tension is temporarily present in the surface layer while a temperature gradient within the surface is maintained by contact with the coolant 122. The surface layer is then more easily deformed in tension during the compression operation, thereby creating higher surface compression. After the compression operation is complete, the temperature of the workpieces will re-equilibrate and return to ambient temperature.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the tensile stress induced at the surface of the workpiece, such as formed from aluminum, titanium, or steel alloys, by maintaining a temperature gradient between the upper surface and the interior surface of the workpiece.
  • the typical lower surface compression achieved by the Hertzian loading, such as produced with a spherical burnishing ball, is thus increased by the use of a coolant being applied along the heated weld line, and any other heated regions, as well as any other surface areas of the workpieces.
  • the means for cooling 118 comprises a conventional fluid sprayer 120 effective for spraying a coolant 122 onto the surfaces of the workpieces 10, 12 to be placed into compression.
  • the fluid sprayer 120 is connected with a coolant supply or reservoir 124 through a hose or conduit 126.
  • a conventional pump 128 operates to pump coolant 122 from the coolant supply or reservoir 124 through the hose or conduit 126 to be sprayed onto the surfaces of the workpieces 10, 12 prior to receiving compression.
  • the means for cooling 118 can further comprise means for returning the sprayed coolant 130, such as a vacuum means, to the fluid supply or reservoir 124.
  • the means for cooling 118 can be incorporated into the compression tool 106.
  • the compression tool 106 such as a conventional burnishing apparatus is shown having means for cooling 118 incorporated therein.
  • the compression tool 106 includes a socket 132 having a ball seat 134 which is essentially spherical in shape and adapted to the surface of the burnishing ball 110 which is disposed within the ball seat 134.
  • the socket 132 is further provided with a fluid passage
  • coolant 122 is fed under pressure from the coolant supply or reservoir 124 by a conventional pump 128 through a hose 126 to the fluid passage 136 and the ball seat 134. Pressure then forces the coolant 122 around the surface of the burnishing ball 110 and outwardly onto the surface of the workpiece 10, 12.
  • the desired amount of coolant 122 penetrating around the burnishing ball 110 and onto the surface of the workpiece 10, 12 can be obtained.
  • the coolant 122 could also be used as a lubricating fluid for the burnishing ball 110 and the burnishing operation.
  • the means for cooling 118 can further comprise means for cooling the coolant (not shown) to a desired temperature and means for returning the used coolant 130, such as a vacuum means, to the fluid supply or reservoir 124.
  • the compression tool 106 is provided with a pad 138 having a convoluted boot 140 mounted to the socket 132 to prevent coolant 122 from flowing across the surface of the workpiece 10, 12.
  • the pad opening 139 can be sized and shaped to hold more or less coolant, to optimize the temperature gradient through the workpieces.
  • the boot 140 includes an outlet 142, which is in flow communication with the coolant supply or reservoir 124 by a hose or conduit 144. In operation, vacuum pressure is generated inside the coolant supply or reservoir 124 which operates to draw outside air and coolant 122 that has been expelled from the socket 132 onto the surface of the workpiece 10, 12 and contained within the boot 140 back to the coolant supply or reservoir 124.
  • coolants may be in the form of a cooled gas which can dissipate after being directed onto the surface of the workpiece.
  • the temperature and the amount of coolant used can be varied to provide the desired temperature gradients. Coolants in the form of liquid may also be applied and removed in various ways, such as evaporation, run off, or recycled.
  • compressive residual stresses are induced along the surfaces of the workpieces having regions of elevated surface temperatures as a result of the welding process or by heating using other means, such as induction heating, torch, laser, steam, and the like. Compressive residual stresses may also be induced along surfaces of the workpieces having regions that have been cooled, such as by means of a cooling fluid.
  • the method and the apparatus for performing the method of the subject invention is relatively inexpensive and provides an effective means of welding which provides a compression force along the weld line, and any heat affected regions, to induce compressive stress in a well defined localized area with a controlled amount of cold working and surface hardening.
  • FIG. 9 the inversion into tension of the surface of a workpiece after a welding operation is shown compared to the surface of a workpiece having been treated by the method of the present application.
  • the surface may actually invert from compression into a relative high level of tension, thereby significantly reducing fatigue life and stress corrosion resistance of the weld joint and accordingly the final part, as previously stated herein.
  • the method of the present application will induce a layer of compressive residual stress along the surface of the weld joint, and any heat affected regions, and will result in a weld joint and a final part having improved physical properties, particularly at elevated temperature, as well as minimize the alteration of the residual stress field during tensile or compressive overload.
  • the method of forming a weld joint of the present application has great advantage over prior welding methods as it enables the finished weld joint and accordingly the final part, to achieve enhanced fatigue strength and stress corrosion resistance while providing a part having a good surface finish.
  • coupling the welding process with the compression operation into a single process permits effective use of the heat generated during the welding operation resulting in a relatively low cost procedure, requiring no expensive and/or time consuming after-weld treatments, and which is effective for inducing a deep layer of compression, with a minimal amount or a controlled amount of cold working and surface hardening, along the surface of the weld joint and any heat affected regions. This is particularly significant for final parts that were formed using extensive welding operations where the cost of a process requiring a second-pass would be prohibitive. In addition, surface roughness is also improved without requiring a relatively expensive and time consuming process requiring a second-pass.
  • the final part is a structure, such as an automobile structure, an aircraft structure, a construction structure, a marine structure, and the like, and is formed having a plurality of weld joints.
  • Each weld joint is formed by the method and apparatus of the subject invention, as previously described, and includes a layer of compression residual stress along the surface of the joint and any heat affected regions.
  • a structure comprising a plurality of plates secured in place by the welding method and apparatus as previously described.
  • the method of forming a weld joint and the apparatus for performing the method of the subject application greatly increases the type of parts that can be economically manufactured by welding rather than by use of bolts and rivets.
  • Such parts are particularly found in the aerospace industry, such as in the manufacture of aircraft fuselage and wing skins and supports, where weight considerations are of the up most importance.
  • Such parts are also found in the marine industry, construction industry, automotive industry, and in general manufacturing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé de formation de soudure de cette invention. Ce procédé utilise un appareil de soudage (100) possédant un outil de soudage (102) et un outil de compression (106) permettant d'induire une couche de contrainte de compression résiduelle le long de la surface de la ligne de soudure (18) et d'appliquer à toutes régions thermomarquées une quantité commandée de travail à froid et de trempe superficielle. Dans un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, l'outil de compression (106) utilise un processus de brunissage en un point de façon à obtenir une compression en profondeur à l'intérieur de la soudure (20) avec une quantité minimale de travail à froid et de trempe superficielle.
EP03723799A 2002-03-26 2003-03-25 Appareil et procede de formation de soudure aux proprietes physiques ameliorees Withdrawn EP1494832A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36762302P 2002-03-26 2002-03-26
US367623P 2002-03-26
PCT/US2002/035214 WO2003039804A1 (fr) 2001-11-02 2002-11-01 Appareil et procede de formation de joints soudes presentant des motifs de contrainte residuelle de compression
WOPCT/US02/35214 2002-11-01
PCT/US2003/008747 WO2003082512A1 (fr) 2002-03-26 2003-03-25 Appareil et procede de formation de soudure aux proprietes physiques ameliorees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1494832A1 true EP1494832A1 (fr) 2005-01-12
EP1494832A4 EP1494832A4 (fr) 2007-04-04

Family

ID=28677731

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03723799A Withdrawn EP1494832A4 (fr) 2002-03-26 2003-03-25 Appareil et procede de formation de soudure aux proprietes physiques ameliorees

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1494832A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003230709A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2480322A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003082512A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003039804A1 (fr) * 2001-11-02 2003-05-15 The Boeing Company Appareil et procede de formation de joints soudes presentant des motifs de contrainte residuelle de compression
FR2945464B1 (fr) 2009-05-13 2012-03-23 Alcan Rhenalu Procede d'assemblage par soudage de pieces en alliage d'aluminium.
US20120280485A1 (en) * 2011-05-03 2012-11-08 Israel Stol Solid state based joining processes with post-weld processing(s) under compression and apparatuses therefor
RU2610996C2 (ru) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-17 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" (НИУ "БелГУ") Способ повышения прочностных свойств сварных соединений, полученных сваркой трением с перемешиванием
GB2561564B (en) * 2017-04-18 2019-12-18 Univ Of Hertfordshire Higher Education Corporation A method of reducing spring back in a metallic material

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3324698A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-06-13 Ind Supply Corp Method and apparatus for finishing welded rectangular tubing
GB1318764A (en) * 1969-10-10 1973-05-31 Krupp Ag Huettenwerke Production of crankshafts
US4018634A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-04-19 Grotnes Machine Works, Inc. Method of producing high strength steel pipe
JPS53123346A (en) * 1977-04-04 1978-10-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Treating method for toe of weld
US4612071A (en) * 1984-02-22 1986-09-16 O'donnell & Associates, Inc. Mechanical stress improvement process
JPH06270810A (ja) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-27 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 鉄道車両用台車枠溶接部の疲労強度向上方法
EP0888843A1 (fr) * 1997-06-26 1999-01-07 Showa Aluminum Corporation Procédé et dispositif de soudage par friction remué
WO2001064398A2 (fr) * 2000-03-01 2001-09-07 Lambda Research, Inc. Procede et dispositif assurant une distribution des contraintes residuelles sur la surface d'une piece

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5688419A (en) * 1994-04-22 1997-11-18 General Electric Company Method for mitigating residual stresses in welded metal components using high torch travel speeds
WO2003039804A1 (fr) * 2001-11-02 2003-05-15 The Boeing Company Appareil et procede de formation de joints soudes presentant des motifs de contrainte residuelle de compression

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3324698A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-06-13 Ind Supply Corp Method and apparatus for finishing welded rectangular tubing
GB1318764A (en) * 1969-10-10 1973-05-31 Krupp Ag Huettenwerke Production of crankshafts
US4018634A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-04-19 Grotnes Machine Works, Inc. Method of producing high strength steel pipe
JPS53123346A (en) * 1977-04-04 1978-10-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Treating method for toe of weld
US4612071A (en) * 1984-02-22 1986-09-16 O'donnell & Associates, Inc. Mechanical stress improvement process
JPH06270810A (ja) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-27 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 鉄道車両用台車枠溶接部の疲労強度向上方法
EP0888843A1 (fr) * 1997-06-26 1999-01-07 Showa Aluminum Corporation Procédé et dispositif de soudage par friction remué
WO2001064398A2 (fr) * 2000-03-01 2001-09-07 Lambda Research, Inc. Procede et dispositif assurant une distribution des contraintes residuelles sur la surface d'une piece

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO03082512A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1494832A4 (fr) 2007-04-04
WO2003082512A1 (fr) 2003-10-09
CA2480322A1 (fr) 2003-10-09
AU2003230709A1 (en) 2003-10-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1439933B1 (fr) Appareil et procede de formation de joints soudes presentant des motifs de contrainte residuelle de compression
US20050224562A1 (en) Apparatus and method for forming a weld joint having improved physical properties
Pattanayak et al. Gas metal arc welding based additive manufacturing—a review
EP2957377B1 (fr) Dispositif de soudage par friction malaxage avec un element de refroidissement
RU2630726C2 (ru) Способ изготовления прокатного валка, прокатный валок и устройство для изготовления прокатного валка
JP2009538738A (ja) 予熱を伴って自己穿孔型リベットを使用して金属を接合するための方法および装置
AU2016201548B2 (en) Structural Component and Method of Manufacture
JP6742681B2 (ja) リアルタイム可変ニードルピーンフォーミングのための制御フィードバックループ
EP1494832A1 (fr) Appareil et procede de formation de soudure aux proprietes physiques ameliorees
EP3498425B1 (fr) Appareil et procédé de finition de surface assistée par laser
CA2672397A1 (fr) Procede et appareil pour prevenir ou arreter le developpement et la propagation de fissures
CN110938740B (zh) 一种金属间化合物激光冲击强化寿命提升与变形控制方法
EP3498424B1 (fr) Appareil et procédé de finition de surface assistée par plasma
US5077081A (en) Friction surfacing a rotating hard metal facing material onto a substrate material with the benefit of positively cooling the substrate
JP7035458B2 (ja) 溶接構造体、および溶接構造体の製造方法
JP6809303B2 (ja) スポット溶接装置
RU2517076C2 (ru) Способ торможения роста усталостных трещин в толстолистовом материале
Buffa et al. In-process tool rotational speed variation with constant heat input in friction stir welding of AZ31 sheets with variable thickness
KR20240007941A (ko) 마운트 시스템, 핀 지지 시스템 및 왜곡을 완화시키기 위한 금속 작업물을 생성하기 위한 지향성 에너지 증착 방법
JPH0866736A (ja) 金属条材の局部増肉加工方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20041014

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20070305

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: C21D 7/08 20060101ALI20070227BHEP

Ipc: B24B 39/00 20060101ALI20070227BHEP

Ipc: B23K 20/12 20060101ALI20070227BHEP

Ipc: B23K 37/08 20060101ALI20070227BHEP

Ipc: B23K 31/02 20060101AFI20031017BHEP

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20071008

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20080419