EP1491459A1 - Laminated packaging film and reclosable package fitted with same - Google Patents

Laminated packaging film and reclosable package fitted with same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1491459A1
EP1491459A1 EP04014338A EP04014338A EP1491459A1 EP 1491459 A1 EP1491459 A1 EP 1491459A1 EP 04014338 A EP04014338 A EP 04014338A EP 04014338 A EP04014338 A EP 04014338A EP 1491459 A1 EP1491459 A1 EP 1491459A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
film
permanent adhesive
packaging sheet
laminated packaging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP04014338A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Hauchecorne
Michel Wemaere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amcor Flexibles France SAS
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Amcor Flexibles France SAS
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Publication date
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Application filed by Amcor Flexibles France SAS filed Critical Amcor Flexibles France SAS
Publication of EP1491459A1 publication Critical patent/EP1491459A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/10—Container closures formed after filling
    • B65D77/20—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers, i.e. flexible membrane or foil-like covers
    • B65D77/2024—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers, i.e. flexible membrane or foil-like covers the cover being welded or adhered to the container
    • B65D77/2068—Means for reclosing the cover after its first opening
    • B65D77/2096—Adhesive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/10—Container closures formed after filling
    • B65D77/20—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers, i.e. flexible membrane or foil-like covers
    • B65D77/2024—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers, i.e. flexible membrane or foil-like covers the cover being welded or adhered to the container
    • B65D77/2028—Means for opening the cover other than, or in addition to, a pull tab
    • B65D77/2032—Means for opening the cover other than, or in addition to, a pull tab by peeling or tearing the cover from the container
    • B65D77/2044—Means for opening the cover other than, or in addition to, a pull tab by peeling or tearing the cover from the container whereby a layer of the container or cover fails, e.g. cohesive failure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2577/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks, bags
    • B65D2577/10—Container closures formed after filling
    • B65D2577/20—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers
    • B65D2577/2025—Multi-layered container, e.g. laminated, coated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laminated packaging sheet of the type comprising a support film associated with a weldable film between which is interposed, at least in marked areas, a layer of permanent adhesive, bonded to the support film and to the following weldable film. two bonding interfaces, formed on either side of the intermediate part of the layer of permanent adhesive.
  • Packages having a packaging sheet allowing easy opening and reclosing are currently used for example for packaging food products.
  • the structure of such sheets is described in particular in French patent application FR-A-95-14117.
  • the laminated sheet used to allow the opening and closing of the packaging comprises two polymer films between which a layer of permanent adhesive is interposed.
  • sealing film is intended to be oriented towards the inside of the packaging. It is suitable for being welded to the peripheral rim of a tray.
  • support film is intended to form the external face of the packaging.
  • the sealing film tears on either side of the welded region. It thus forms on the periphery of the tray a residual welded bead of the sealing film.
  • the packaging sheet has a structure such that the welded bead of the welding film separates from the layer of permanent adhesive which remains completely integral with the support film. After release of the sheet, the welded bead is devoid of permanent adhesive, which is worn only on the support film.
  • the permanent adhesive When replacing the sheet on the tray, the permanent adhesive is reapplied on the welded bead on the tray, in order to reconstitute a bonding interface between the welded bead and the permanent adhesive.
  • the invention aims to provide a packaging sheet allowing, after an initial opening, an easy and reliable repositioning thereof to seal the packaging.
  • the subject of the invention is a laminated packaging sheet of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the tensile strength perpendicular to the joint plane of each of the two connection interfaces is greater than the tensile strength of the intermediate region of the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive between the two bonding interfaces.
  • the invention further relates to a package comprising an external wall delimiting a housing provided with an access passage to said housing, characterized in that said passage is closed by a laminated sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, which sheet is welded to said outer wall at the periphery of said passage, according to its film weldable in a marked area of the sheet which is provided with permanent adhesive.
  • the package 10 shown in Figure 1 consists of a rectangular container 12 and a flexible cover 14 for closing an access passage 15 inside the container.
  • the tray 12 consists of a support layer 16 of suitable material, for example polyvinyl chloride, covered on its inner surface with a weldable film 18, for example of polyethylene.
  • suitable material for example polyvinyl chloride
  • the tray defines a receptacle 20 bordered over its entire periphery with a rim 22 delimiting a planar surface for welding the flexible seal 14 according to a rectilinear weld 23.
  • the cover 14 consists essentially of a support film 24 and a weldable film 26 with a layer of permanent adhesive 28 interposed in flat between them over the entire surface.
  • a transparent film 30 carrying impressions 32 is secured to the support film 24 by means of a layer of adhesive 34 applied to its printed face.
  • the layer of permanent adhesive 28, linked to the support film 24, defines a first connection interface 36.
  • the layer 28 is also linked to the welding film 26 by a second connection interface denoted 38.
  • the connection interfaces 36, 38 are provided on either side of the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive.
  • the intermediate part of the permanent adhesive layer defined between the bonding interfaces also called the core of the adhesive layer, is not modified by bonding, unlike the boundary layers constituting link interfaces.
  • the intermediate part of the layer 28 is therefore formed only of permanent adhesive which has not undergone physicochemical transformation.
  • the tensile strength perpendicular to the joint plane of each of the two connection interfaces 36, 38 is greater than the tensile strength of the core of the layer of permanent adhesive 28.
  • the adhesion strength of the permanent adhesive layer 28, on the one hand to the support film 24 and on the other hand to the welding film 26, according to the interfaces of bond 36 and 38, is greater than the cohesive force of the layer of permanent adhesive 28 at the heart thereof.
  • These surface treatments include, for example, mechanical treatment, the application of a layer of primary adhesion plaster, or else a treatment with a Corona effect.
  • mechanical treatment the application of a layer of primary adhesion plaster, or else a treatment with a Corona effect.
  • a treatment with a Corona effect Different types of treatment will be described in more detail in the following description.
  • the material forming the weldable film 26 is chosen so that it has a tear strength lower than the tensile strength of the core of the layer of permanent adhesive 28.
  • the longitudinal weld 23 is obtained by heat sealing. During welding, the welding films 18 and 26 melt together, making it possible to obtain, after cooling, a very reliable weld. In particular, the tensile strength of the weld 23 is greater than the tear strength of the weldable film 26, the tensile strength of the interfaces 36 and 38, as well as the tensile strength of the core of the layer. adhesive 28.
  • the different layers and films of the cover 14 have the following characteristics.
  • the support film 24 is a polyethylene film 36 microns thick.
  • the welding film 26 is a polyethylene film made from "Escorene" resin with a thickness of 40 microns adapted to be bonded by heat sealing to the film 18 to form the longitudinal weld 23.
  • the layer of permanent adhesive 28 is produced by coating with an adhesive mass initially in solution, in particular in aqueous dispersion.
  • the layer of permanent adhesive can also be applied hot, in particular by extrusion.
  • a permanent adhesive commonly referred to as "hot melt” is ideal for this application. It is possible in particular to use PLASTOFLEX 8718 sold by the company PARAMELT in Holland.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer 28 is advantageously between 10 and 30 microns and in particular equal to about 20 microns.
  • the transparent film 30 is for example a coated polyethylene film with a thickness of 12 microns.
  • This film may have particular functional characteristics, in particular sealing characteristics with respect to certain gases. To this end, it is treated using suitable known techniques.
  • the adhesive used to ensure the connection between the film 30 and the support film 24 is of any type adapted according to the nature of the films to be bonded.
  • a primary adhesion coating is applied to the two faces facing the films 24 and 26 before the permanent adhesive layer 28 is put in place.
  • This primary adhesion coating is for example based on polyurethane.
  • the coating sold in France by BASF under the trade name SOP 815 is suitable for this application.
  • the primary adhesion coating is replaced at the interfaces 36 and 38 by a stamping or embossing produced by calendering of the facing faces of the films 24 and 26.
  • the facing faces of the films 24 and 26 are initially subjected to a treatment aimed at increasing its surface tension.
  • This treatment is advantageously a treatment with Corona effect.
  • This is advantageously carried out on the support film 24 so as to obtain a surface tension of between 45 and 48 dynes / cm.
  • the Corona treatment is advantageously carried out on the face of the welding film 26 in order to obtain a surface tension of between 44 and 46 dynes / cm.
  • the force to be applied to obtain the separation of the permanent adhesive and one or the other of the films 24 and 26 along the interfaces 36 and 38 respectively is 12 N, while the force to be applied to obtain the breakage of the adhesive at the heart of layer 28 is only 7 N to 9 N.
  • the force to be applied to obtain the initial tearing of the weldable film 26 is approximately 20 to 25 N.
  • the force to continue tearing the film and cause the simultaneous rupture of the adhesive at the core of the layer 28 is 12 to 15 N.
  • the force to break the weld 23 is approximately 40 N.
  • the sealing film 26 breaks on either side of the welded area.
  • the cover 14 is separated from the tray 12, along at least part of the length of the rim 22. Only a strip, coming from the welding film 26, remains welded on the rim 22. It forms a welded bead noted 40.
  • the tensile strength of the interfaces 36 and 38 is greater than the tensile strength of the core of the permanent adhesive layer 28, the latter breaks in its intermediate part and in particular substantially in its middle part.
  • a part, denoted 42, of the layer of permanent adhesive remains on the welded bead 40, while the complementary part, denoted 44, remains on the support film 24.
  • the two complementary parts 42, 44 each have a thickness that is substantially equal to half the total thickness of layer 28. Their thickness is therefore between 5 and 15 microns depending on the thickness of the adhesive layer.
  • the laminated sheet comprises a layer of permanent adhesive only in the regions intended to be welded to the rim of the tray.
  • the support film and the weldable film are bonded to each other by a layer of glue of any suitable type.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

The multi-layer packaging sheet (14), especially for foodstuffs, has a carrier film (24) together with a welding film (26) and a permanent adhesive layer (28) between them to form bonds (36, 38) at their surfaces. The resistance to a vertical pull action at the bonds is greater than the resistance to a pulling force on the adhesive layer zones between the bonds.

Description

La présente invention concerne une feuille d'emballage stratifiée du type comprenant un film support associé à un film soudable entre lesquels est interposée, au moins en des zones repérées, une couche d'un adhésif permanent, liée au film support et au film soudable suivant deux interfaces de liaison, formées de part et d'autre de la partie intermédiaire de la couche d'adhésif permanent.The present invention relates to a laminated packaging sheet of the type comprising a support film associated with a weldable film between which is interposed, at least in marked areas, a layer of permanent adhesive, bonded to the support film and to the following weldable film. two bonding interfaces, formed on either side of the intermediate part of the layer of permanent adhesive.

Elle concerne en outre un emballage comportant une telle feuille.It further relates to a package comprising such a sheet.

Les emballages comportant une feuille d'emballage permettant une ouverture facile et une refermeture sont actuellement utilisés par exemple pour conditionner des produits alimentaires. La structure de telles feuilles est décrite notamment dans la demande de brevet français FR-A-95-14117.Packages having a packaging sheet allowing easy opening and reclosing are currently used for example for packaging food products. The structure of such sheets is described in particular in French patent application FR-A-95-14117.

Dans ce document, la feuille stratifiée utilisée pour permettre l'ouverture et la refermeture de l'emballage comporte deux films de polymère entre lesquels une couche d'un adhésif permanent est interposée.In this document, the laminated sheet used to allow the opening and closing of the packaging comprises two polymer films between which a layer of permanent adhesive is interposed.

L'un des films, dit «film soudant» est destiné à être orienté vers l'intérieur de l'emballage. Il est adapté pour être soudé sur le rebord périphérique d'une barquette. L'autre film, dit «film support», est destiné à former la face externe de l'emballage.One of the films, called “sealing film”, is intended to be oriented towards the inside of the packaging. It is suitable for being welded to the peripheral rim of a tray. The other film, called “support film”, is intended to form the external face of the packaging.

Dans ce document, lors de l'ouverture de la barquette, le film soudant se déchire de part et d'autre de la région soudée. Il forme ainsi sur le pourtour de la barquette un cordon soudé résiduel du film soudant. La feuille d'emballage a une structure telle que le cordon soudé du film soudant se sépare de la couche d'adhésif permanent qui reste totalement solidaire du film support. Après dégagement de la feuille, le cordon soudé est dépourvu d'adhésif permanent, lequel est porté uniquement sur le film support.In this document, during the opening of the tray, the sealing film tears on either side of the welded region. It thus forms on the periphery of the tray a residual welded bead of the sealing film. The packaging sheet has a structure such that the welded bead of the welding film separates from the layer of permanent adhesive which remains completely integral with the support film. After release of the sheet, the welded bead is devoid of permanent adhesive, which is worn only on the support film.

Lors de la remise en place de la feuille sur la barquette, l'adhésif permanent est réappliqué sur le cordon soudé sur la barquette, afin de reconstituer une interface de liaison par collage entre le cordon soudé et l'adhésif permanent.When replacing the sheet on the tray, the permanent adhesive is reapplied on the welded bead on the tray, in order to reconstitute a bonding interface between the welded bead and the permanent adhesive.

Malgré les propriétés de collage permanent de l'adhésif, le recollage de la feuille sur la barquette est parfois difficile. Ainsi, il est souvent nécessaire d'appliquer une forte pression pour assurer une nouvelle liaison entre le cordon soudé résiduel porté par la barquette et l'adhésif permanent.Despite the permanent bonding properties of the adhesive, re-gluing of the sheet on the tray is sometimes difficult. So it is often necessary apply strong pressure to ensure a new bond between the residual welded bead carried by the tray and the permanent adhesive.

L'invention a pour but de proposer une feuille d'emballage permettant, après une ouverture initiale, une remise en place aisée et fiable de celle-ci pour obturer l'emballage.The invention aims to provide a packaging sheet allowing, after an initial opening, an easy and reliable repositioning thereof to seal the packaging.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une feuille d'emballage stratifiée du type précité, caractérisée en ce que la résistance à la traction perpendiculairement au plan de joint de chacune des deux interfaces de liaison est supérieure à la résistance à la traction de la région intermédiaire de l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif permanent comprise entre les deux interfaces de liaison.To this end, the subject of the invention is a laminated packaging sheet of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the tensile strength perpendicular to the joint plane of each of the two connection interfaces is greater than the tensile strength of the intermediate region of the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive between the two bonding interfaces.

Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, la feuille d'emballage comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • la résistance au déchirement du film soudant est inférieure à la résistance à la traction de la région intermédiaire de la couche d'adhésif permanent ;
  • dans la région d'au moins une interface de liaison, au moins l'un du film soudable et du film support présente, sur sa face en contact avec la couche d'adhésif permanent, un traitement de surface adapté pour augmenter la résistance à la traction de la ou de chaque interface de liaison ;
  • le traitement de surface comporte un enduit primaire d'adhésion appliqué sur la face du film en contact avec la couche d'adhésif permanent ;
  • le traitement de surface comporte un traitement mécanique de la face du film en contact avec la couche d'adhésif permanent ;
  • le traitement de surface comporte un traitement par effet Corona ; et
  • l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif permanent est comprise entre 10 et 30 microns et notamment sensiblement égale à 20 microns.
According to particular embodiments, the packaging sheet includes one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the tear strength of the sealing film is less than the tensile strength of the intermediate region of the layer of permanent adhesive;
  • in the region of at least one bonding interface, at least one of the weldable film and the support film has, on its face in contact with the layer of permanent adhesive, a surface treatment suitable for increasing the resistance to pulling the or each link interface;
  • the surface treatment comprises a primary adhesion coating applied to the face of the film in contact with the layer of permanent adhesive;
  • the surface treatment comprises a mechanical treatment of the face of the film in contact with the layer of permanent adhesive;
  • the surface treatment includes a treatment using the Corona effect; and
  • the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive is between 10 and 30 microns and in particular substantially equal to 20 microns.

L'invention a en outre pour objet un emballage comportant une paroi externe délimitant un logement pourvu d'un passage d'accès audit logement, caractérisé en ce que ledit passage est obturé par une feuille stratifiée selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, laquelle feuille est soudée sur ladite paroi externe à la périphérie dudit passage, suivant son film soudable dans une zone repérée de la feuille qui est pourvue d'adhésif permanent.The invention further relates to a package comprising an external wall delimiting a housing provided with an access passage to said housing, characterized in that said passage is closed by a laminated sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, which sheet is welded to said outer wall at the periphery of said passage, according to its film weldable in a marked area of the sheet which is provided with permanent adhesive.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins, sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective et en coupe d'une barquette d'emballage dont le passage d'accès est obturé par une feuille stratifiée selon l'invention, et
  • La figure 2 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, après ouverture de l'emballage.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view in section of a packaging tray, the access passage of which is closed off by a laminated sheet according to the invention, and
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, after opening the package.

L'emballage 10 représenté sur la figure 1 est constitué d'une barquette rectangulaire 12 et d'un opercule souple 14 d'obturation d'un passage d'accès 15 à l'intérieur de la barquette.The package 10 shown in Figure 1 consists of a rectangular container 12 and a flexible cover 14 for closing an access passage 15 inside the container.

La barquette 12 est constituée d'une couche support 16 en matière appropriée, par exemple du chlorure de polyvinyl, recouverte sur sa surface intérieure d'un film soudable 18, par exemple en polyéthylène.The tray 12 consists of a support layer 16 of suitable material, for example polyvinyl chloride, covered on its inner surface with a weldable film 18, for example of polyethylene.

La barquette définit un réceptacle 20 bordé sur tout son pourtour d'un rebord 22 délimitant une surface plane de soudage de l'opercule souple 14 suivant une soudure rectiligne 23.The tray defines a receptacle 20 bordered over its entire periphery with a rim 22 delimiting a planar surface for welding the flexible seal 14 according to a rectilinear weld 23.

L'opercule 14 est constitué essentiellement d'un film support 24 et d'un film soudable 26 avec une couche d'adhésif permanent 28 interposée en à-plat entre eux sur toute la surface.The cover 14 consists essentially of a support film 24 and a weldable film 26 with a layer of permanent adhesive 28 interposed in flat between them over the entire surface.

Un film transparent 30 portant des impressions 32 est solidarisé sur le film support 24 par l'intermédiaire d'une couche de colle 34 appliquée sur sa face imprimée.A transparent film 30 carrying impressions 32 is secured to the support film 24 by means of a layer of adhesive 34 applied to its printed face.

La couche d'adhésif permanente 28, liée au film support 24, définit une première interface de liaison 36. La couche 28 est en outre liée au film soudant 26 par une seconde interface de liaison notée 38. Les interfaces de liaison 36, 38 sont prévues de part et d'autre de l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif permanent.The layer of permanent adhesive 28, linked to the support film 24, defines a first connection interface 36. The layer 28 is also linked to the welding film 26 by a second connection interface denoted 38. The connection interfaces 36, 38 are provided on either side of the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive.

La partie intermédiaire de la couche d'adhésif permanent définie entre les interfaces de liaison, encore appelée coeur de la couche d'adhésif, ne se trouve pas modifiée par le collage, contrairement aux couches limites constituant les interfaces de liaison. La partie intermédiaire de la couche 28 est donc formée uniquement d'adhésif permanent n'ayant pas subi de transformation physico-chimique.The intermediate part of the permanent adhesive layer defined between the bonding interfaces, also called the core of the adhesive layer, is not modified by bonding, unlike the boundary layers constituting link interfaces. The intermediate part of the layer 28 is therefore formed only of permanent adhesive which has not undergone physicochemical transformation.

Selon l'invention, la résistance à la traction perpendiculairement au plan de joint de chacune des deux interfaces de liaison 36, 38 est supérieure à la résistance à la traction du coeur de la couche d'adhésif permanent 28.According to the invention, the tensile strength perpendicular to the joint plane of each of the two connection interfaces 36, 38 is greater than the tensile strength of the core of the layer of permanent adhesive 28.

En d'autres termes, pour une surface donnée de la feuille, la force d'adhérence de la couche d'adhésif permanent 28, d'une part au film support 24 et d'autre part au film soudant 26, suivant les interfaces de liaison 36 et 38, est supérieure à la force de cohésion de la couche d'adhésif permanent 28 au coeur de celle-ci.In other words, for a given surface of the sheet, the adhesion strength of the permanent adhesive layer 28, on the one hand to the support film 24 and on the other hand to the welding film 26, according to the interfaces of bond 36 and 38, is greater than the cohesive force of the layer of permanent adhesive 28 at the heart thereof.

Ces propriétés de résistance relative entre d'une part les interfaces de liaison 36, 38 et d'autre part le coeur de la couche d'adhésif permanent sont obtenues par des traitements de surface effectués sur les faces en regard du film support 24 et du film soudant 26 sur lesquelles est appliquée la couche adhésive 28.These relative resistance properties between on the one hand the bonding interfaces 36, 38 and on the other hand the core of the layer of permanent adhesive are obtained by surface treatments carried out on the facing faces of the support film 24 and of the welding film 26 on which the adhesive layer 28 is applied.

Ces traitements de surface comportent par exemple un traitement mécanique, l'application d'une couche d'enduit primaire d'adhésion, ou encore un traitement à effet Corona. Différents types de traitement seront décrits plus en détail dans la suite de la description.These surface treatments include, for example, mechanical treatment, the application of a layer of primary adhesion plaster, or else a treatment with a Corona effect. Different types of treatment will be described in more detail in the following description.

Le matériau formant le film soudant 26 est choisi de sorte qu'il présente une résistance au déchirement inférieure à la résistance à la traction du coeur de la couche d'adhésif permanent 28.The material forming the weldable film 26 is chosen so that it has a tear strength lower than the tensile strength of the core of the layer of permanent adhesive 28.

La soudure longitudinale 23 est obtenue par thermosoudage. Lors du soudage, les films soudants 18 et 26 fondent ensemble, permettant d'obtenir après refroidissement une soudure très fiable. En particulier, la résistance à la traction de la soudure 23 est supérieure à la résistance au déchirement du film soudable 26, à la résistance à la traction des interfaces 36 et 38, ainsi qu'à la résistance à la traction du coeur de la couche d'adhésif 28.The longitudinal weld 23 is obtained by heat sealing. During welding, the welding films 18 and 26 melt together, making it possible to obtain, after cooling, a very reliable weld. In particular, the tensile strength of the weld 23 is greater than the tear strength of the weldable film 26, the tensile strength of the interfaces 36 and 38, as well as the tensile strength of the core of the layer. adhesive 28.

A titre d'exemple, les différentes couches et films de l'opercule 14 ont les caractéristiques suivantes.By way of example, the different layers and films of the cover 14 have the following characteristics.

Le film support 24 est un film de polyéthylène de 36 microns d'épaisseur. Le film soudant 26 est un film de polyéthylène réalisé à partir de résine «Escorène» d'une épaisseur de 40 microns adapté pour être lié par thermosoudage au film 18 pour former la soudure longitudinale 23.The support film 24 is a polyethylene film 36 microns thick. The welding film 26 is a polyethylene film made from "Escorene" resin with a thickness of 40 microns adapted to be bonded by heat sealing to the film 18 to form the longitudinal weld 23.

La couche d'adhésif permanent 28 est réalisée par enduction à l'aide d'une masse adhésive initialement en solution, notamment en dispersion aqueuse.The layer of permanent adhesive 28 is produced by coating with an adhesive mass initially in solution, in particular in aqueous dispersion.

La couche d'adhésif permanent peut encore être appliquée à chaud, notamment par extrusion.The layer of permanent adhesive can also be applied hot, in particular by extrusion.

Un adhésif permanent désigné couramment sous le nom de « hot melt » convient parfaitement à cette application. Il est possible notamment d'utiliser du PLASTOFLEX 8718 commercialisé par la société PARAMELT en Hollande.A permanent adhesive commonly referred to as "hot melt" is ideal for this application. It is possible in particular to use PLASTOFLEX 8718 sold by the company PARAMELT in Holland.

L'épaisseur de la couche adhésive 28 est avantageusement comprise entre 10 et 30 microns et notamment égale à environ 20 microns.The thickness of the adhesive layer 28 is advantageously between 10 and 30 microns and in particular equal to about 20 microns.

Le film transparent 30 est par exemple un film de polyéthylène enduit d'une épaisseur de 12 microns. Ce film peut présenter des caractéristiques fonctionnelles particulières, notamment des caractéristiques d'étanchéité vis-à-vis de certains gaz. A cet effet, il est traité suivant des techniques connues adaptées.The transparent film 30 is for example a coated polyethylene film with a thickness of 12 microns. This film may have particular functional characteristics, in particular sealing characteristics with respect to certain gases. To this end, it is treated using suitable known techniques.

La colle utilisée pour assurer la liaison entre le film 30 et le film support 24 est de tout type adapté en fonction de la nature des films à relier.The adhesive used to ensure the connection between the film 30 and the support film 24 is of any type adapted according to the nature of the films to be bonded.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, un enduit primaire d'adhésion est appliqué sur les deux faces en regard des films 24 et 26 avant mise en place de la couche d'adhésif permanent 28. Cet enduit primaire d'adhésion est par exemple à base de polyuréthanne. L'enduit commercialisé en France par la société BASF sous le nom commercial SOP 815 convient pour cette application.According to a first embodiment of the invention, a primary adhesion coating is applied to the two faces facing the films 24 and 26 before the permanent adhesive layer 28 is put in place. This primary adhesion coating is for example based on polyurethane. The coating sold in France by BASF under the trade name SOP 815 is suitable for this application.

Suivant une variante de réalisation, l'enduit primaire d'adhésion est remplacé aux interfaces 36 et 38 par un matriçage ou un gauffrage réalisé par calandrage des faces en regard des films 24 et 26.According to an alternative embodiment, the primary adhesion coating is replaced at the interfaces 36 and 38 by a stamping or embossing produced by calendering of the facing faces of the films 24 and 26.

Suivant encore un autre mode de réalisation, les faces en regard des films 24 et 26 sont soumises initialement à un traitement visant à augmenter sa tension de surface. Ce traitement est avantageusement un traitement à effet Corona. Celui-ci est avantageusement effectué sur le film support 24 de façon à obtenir une tension de surface comprise entre 45 et 48 dynes/cm. Le traitement Corona est avantageusement réalisé sur la face du film soudant 26 afin d'obtenir une tension de surface comprise entre 44 et 46 dynes/cm.According to yet another embodiment, the facing faces of the films 24 and 26 are initially subjected to a treatment aimed at increasing its surface tension. This treatment is advantageously a treatment with Corona effect. This is advantageously carried out on the support film 24 so as to obtain a surface tension of between 45 and 48 dynes / cm. The Corona treatment is advantageously carried out on the face of the welding film 26 in order to obtain a surface tension of between 44 and 46 dynes / cm.

A titre d'exemple, avec un film selon l'invention, pour une largeur de bande de 15 mm, les forces perpendiculaires au plan de joint nécessaires pour la rupture de chacun des éléments de la feuille sont les suivantes.By way of example, with a film according to the invention, for a strip width of 15 mm, the forces perpendicular to the joint plane necessary for the rupture of each of the elements of the sheet are the following.

La force devant être appliquée pour obtenir la séparation de l'adhésif permanent et de l'un ou l'autre des films 24 et 26 suivant respectivement les interfaces 36 et 38 est de 12 N, alors que la force devant être appliquée pour obtenir la rupture de l'adhésif au coeur de la couche 28 n'est que de 7 N à 9 N.The force to be applied to obtain the separation of the permanent adhesive and one or the other of the films 24 and 26 along the interfaces 36 and 38 respectively is 12 N, while the force to be applied to obtain the breakage of the adhesive at the heart of layer 28 is only 7 N to 9 N.

Pour la même bande, la force à appliquer pour obtenir le déchirement initial du film soudable 26 est d'environ 20 à 25 N. La force pour poursuivre le déchirement du film et provoquer la rupture simultanée de l'adhésif au coeur de la couche 28 est de 12 à 15 N. De plus, la force pour rompre la soudure 23 est d'environ 40 N.For the same strip, the force to be applied to obtain the initial tearing of the weldable film 26 is approximately 20 to 25 N. The force to continue tearing the film and cause the simultaneous rupture of the adhesive at the core of the layer 28 is 12 to 15 N. In addition, the force to break the weld 23 is approximately 40 N.

Comme représenté sur la figure 2, lors d'une traction exercée sur l'opercule 14 pour l'ouverture de l'emballage par soulèvement de l'opercule, le film soudant 26 se rompt de part et d'autre de la zone soudée.As shown in FIG. 2, during a traction exerted on the cover 14 for opening the packaging by lifting the cover, the sealing film 26 breaks on either side of the welded area.

Ainsi, l'opercule 14 est séparé de la barquette 12, suivant au moins une partie de la longueur du rebord 22. Seule une bande, issue du film soudant 26, reste soudée sur le rebord 22. Elle forme un cordon soudé noté 40.Thus, the cover 14 is separated from the tray 12, along at least part of the length of the rim 22. Only a strip, coming from the welding film 26, remains welded on the rim 22. It forms a welded bead noted 40.

Puisque la résistance à la traction des interfaces 36 et 38 est supérieure à la résistance à la traction du coeur de la couche d'adhésif permanent 28, celle-ci se rompt dans sa partie intermédiaire et notamment sensiblement dans sa partie médiane. Ainsi, une partie, notée 42, de la couche d'adhésif permanent subsiste sur le cordon soudé 40, alors que la partie complémentaire, notée 44, subsiste sur le film support 24. Les deux parties complémentaires 42, 44 ont chacune une épaisseur sensiblement égale à la moitié de l'épaisseur totale de la couche 28. Leur épaisseur est donc comprise entre 5 et 15 microns suivant l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif.Since the tensile strength of the interfaces 36 and 38 is greater than the tensile strength of the core of the permanent adhesive layer 28, the latter breaks in its intermediate part and in particular substantially in its middle part. Thus, a part, denoted 42, of the layer of permanent adhesive remains on the welded bead 40, while the complementary part, denoted 44, remains on the support film 24. The two complementary parts 42, 44 each have a thickness that is substantially equal to half the total thickness of layer 28. Their thickness is therefore between 5 and 15 microns depending on the thickness of the adhesive layer.

Dans ces conditions, on comprend que la rupture de la couche d'adhésif permanent est obtenue en dehors des couches limites modifiées de celle-ci qui forment les interfaces de liaison. La rupture a donc lieu au coeur de la couche d'adhésif permanent où la structure et la composition de celui-ci ne sont pas altérées par le contact avec les films 24 et 26.Under these conditions, it is understood that the rupture of the permanent adhesive layer is obtained outside the modified boundary layers thereof which form the bonding interfaces. The rupture therefore takes place at the heart of the layer of permanent adhesive where the structure and the composition thereof are not altered by contact with the films 24 and 26.

Ainsi, lors de la remise en place de l'opercule 14, les deux parties de la couche d'adhésif 28 sont remises en contact l'une avec l'autre dans une région non modifiée de la couche puisque, à l'écart des interfaces de liaison 36 et 38. Ainsi, la liaison entre l'opercule 14 et la barquette 12 est rétablie directement au coeur de la couche d'adhésif, ce qui améliore les performances de la nouvelle liaison.Thus, when replacing the cover 14, the two parts of the adhesive layer 28 are brought back into contact with each other in an unmodified region of the layer since, apart from the connection interfaces 36 and 38. Thus, the connection between the cover 14 and the tray 12 is restored directly to the core of the adhesive layer, which improves the performance of the new connection.

Il est à noter que, même en cas de dépôt de résidus du produit emballé ou de traces grasses sur l'une des parties apparentes de la couche adhésive rompue, la refermeture est possible puisque la partie opposée garde son pouvoir adhésif. Après refermeture le dépôt est encapsulé au coeur de la couche adhésive.It should be noted that, even in the event of deposit of residues of the packaged product or of fatty traces on one of the visible parts of the broken adhesive layer, reclosing is possible since the opposite part retains its adhesive power. After reclosing the deposit is encapsulated at the heart of the adhesive layer.

En variante non représentée, la feuille stratifiée comporte une couche d'adhésif permanent uniquement dans les régions destinées à être soudées sur le rebord de la barquette. Dans ce cas, le film support et le film soudable sont liés l'un à l'autre par une couche de colle de tout type adapté.In a variant not shown, the laminated sheet comprises a layer of permanent adhesive only in the regions intended to be welded to the rim of the tray. In this case, the support film and the weldable film are bonded to each other by a layer of glue of any suitable type.

Claims (19)

1. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14), du type comprenant un film support (24) associé à un film soudable (26) entre lesquels est interposée, au moins en des zones repérées, une couche (28) d'un adhésif permanent, liée au film support (24) et au film soudable (26) suivant deux interfaces de liaison (36, 38), formées de part et d'autre de la partie intermédiaire de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28), caractérisée en ce que la couche d'adhésif permanent comporte, aux interfaces de liaison (36, 38), des couches limites modifiées de liaison où la résistance à la traction perpendiculairement au plan de joint est supérieure à la résistance à la traction de la région intermédiaire de l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28). 1. Laminated packaging sheet (14), of the type comprising a support film (24) associated with a weldable film (26) between which is interposed, at least in marked areas, a layer (28) of a permanent adhesive , linked to the support film (24) and to the weldable film (26) according to two connection interfaces (36, 38), formed on either side of the intermediate part of the layer of permanent adhesive (28), characterized in that the layer of permanent adhesive has, at the bonding interfaces (36, 38), modified boundary bonding layers where the tensile strength perpendicular to the joint plane is greater than the tensile strength of the intermediate region of the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive (28). 2. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la rupture de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28) est obtenue en dehors des couches limites modifiées de la couche d'adhésif. 2. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rupture of the permanent adhesive layer (28) is obtained outside the modified boundary layers of the adhesive layer. 3. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, carctérisée en ce que la rupture de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28) est obtenue dans la région intermédiaire de l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28). 3. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rupture of the layer of permanent adhesive (28) is obtained in the intermediate region of the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive (28). 4. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la résistance à la traction perpendiculairement au plan de joint de chacune des deux interfaces de liaison (36, 38) est supérieure à la résistance à la traction de la région intermédiaire de l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28) comprise entre les deux interfaces de liaison (36, 38). 4. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensile strength perpendicular to the joint plane of each of the two connecting interfaces (36, 38) is greater than the strength in the traction of the intermediate region of the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive (28) included between the two connection interfaces (36, 38). 5. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la couche d'adhésif permanent (28) se rompt sensiblement dans sa partie médiane. 5. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent adhesive layer (28) breaks substantially in its middle part. 6. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la résistance au déchirement du film soudant (26) est inférieure à la résistance à la traction de la région intermédiaire de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28). 6. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tear strength of the sealing film (26) is less than the tensile strength of the intermediate region of the layer of permanent adhesive (28). 7. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que, dans la région d'au moins une interface de liaison, au moins l'un du film soudable (26) et du film support (24) présente, sur sa face en contact avec la couche (28) d'adhésif permanent, un traitement de surface adapté pour augmenter la résistance à la traction de la ou de chaque interface de liaison (36, 38). 7. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that , in the region of at least a bonding interface, at least one of the weldable film (26) and the support film (24) has, on its face in contact with the layer (28) of permanent adhesive, a surface treatment adapted to increase the resistance the traction of the or each connection interface (36, 38). 8. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le traitement de surface comporte un enduit primaire d'adhésion appliqué sur la face du film en contact avec la couche d'adhésif permanent (28). 8. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to claim 7, characterized in that the surface treatment comprises a primary adhesion coating applied to the face of the film in contact with the layer of permanent adhesive (28). 9. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le traitement de surface comporte un traitement mécanique de la face du film en contact avec la couche d'adhésif permanent (28). 9. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to claim 7, characterized in that the surface treatment comprises a mechanical treatment of the face of the film in contact with the layer of permanent adhesive (28). 9. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le traitement de surface comporte un traitement par effet Corona. 9. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to claim 6, characterized in that the surface treatment comprises a treatment by Corona effect. 11. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28) est comprise entre 10 et 30 microns et notamment sensiblement égale à 20 microns. 11. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive (28) is between 10 and 30 microns and in particular substantially equal to 20 microns . 12. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le film support (24) et le film soudant (26) sont constitués d'un même matériau. 12. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support film (24) and the welding film (26) are made of the same material. 13. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que le film support (24) et le film soudant (26) sont tous deux un film de polyéthylène. 13. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to claim 12, characterized in that the support film (24) and the sealing film (26) are both a polyethylene film. 14. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le film soudant (26) est réalisé à partir de résine "Escorène". 14. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to claim 13, characterized in that the welding film (26) is made from resin "Escorene". 15. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un film supplémentaire (30) solidarisé au film support (24). 15. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an additional film (30) secured to the support film (24). 16. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que le film supplémentaire (30) forme barrière à certains gaz. 16. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to claim 15, characterized in that the additional film (30) forms a barrier to certain gases. 17. Feuille d'emballage stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la couche d'adhésif permanent comporte, aux interfaces de liaison (36, 38), des couches limites modifiées de liaison où la résistance à la traction perpendiculairement au plan de joint est supérieure à la résistance à la traction de la région intermédiaire de l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif permanent (28). 17. Laminated packaging sheet (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer of permanent adhesive comprises, at the bonding interfaces (36, 38), modified boundary bonding layers where the strength The tensile strength perpendicular to the joint plane is greater than the tensile strength of the intermediate region of the thickness of the layer of permanent adhesive (28). 18. Feuille d'emballage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce le film support (24) et le film soudant (26) sont tous deux un film de polyéthylène, et en ce qu'une couche d'un enduit primaire d'adhésion est appliqué entre la couche d'adhésif permanent (28) et les deux faces en regard du film support (24) et du films soudant (26), lequel enduit primaire d'adhésion est adapté pour augmenter la résistance à la traction de chaque interface de liaison (36, 38). 18. Packaging sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support film (24) and the sealing film (26) are both a polyethylene film, and in that a layer of a coating adhesion primer is applied between the layer of permanent adhesive (28) and the two opposite faces of the support film (24) and of the welding film (26), which adhesion primer coating is adapted to increase the resistance to traction of each link interface (36, 38). 19. Emballage (10) comportant une paroi externe (16) délimitant un logement (20) pourvu d'un passage d'accès (15) audit logement, caractérisé en ce que ledit passage (15) est obturé par une feuille stratifiée (14) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, laquelle feuille est soudée sur ladite paroi externe (16) à la périphérie dudit passage (15), suivant son film soudable (26) dans une zone repérée de la feuille qui est pourvue d'adhésif permanent (28). 19. Package (10) comprising an external wall (16) delimiting a housing (20) provided with an access passage (15) to said housing, characterized in that said passage (15) is closed by a laminated sheet (14 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, which sheet is welded to said external wall (16) at the periphery of said passage (15), according to its weldable film (26) in a marked area of the sheet which is provided with adhesive. permanent (28).
EP04014338A 1998-08-07 1999-07-21 Laminated packaging film and reclosable package fitted with same Withdrawn EP1491459A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9810217A FR2782066B1 (en) 1998-08-07 1998-08-07 LAMINATE PACKAGING SHEET AND RECLOSABLE PACKAGE COMPRISING SAME
FR9810217 1998-08-07
EP99401842A EP0978460B2 (en) 1998-08-07 1999-07-21 Laminated packaging film and reclosable package fitted with same

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EP99401842.2 Division 1999-07-21

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EP1491459A1 true EP1491459A1 (en) 2004-12-29

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EP04014338A Withdrawn EP1491459A1 (en) 1998-08-07 1999-07-21 Laminated packaging film and reclosable package fitted with same

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AT (1) ATE277833T1 (en)
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DK (1) DK0978460T4 (en)
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FR2807015B1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2003-04-25 Danisco Flexible France LAMINATE PACKAGING SHEET AND RECLOSABLE PACKAGE COMPRISING SAME
FR2814152B1 (en) * 2000-09-21 2003-03-28 Danisco Flexible France SHUTTER COVER FOR A CONTAINER ACCESS OPENING AND PACKAGE COMPRISING SAME
FR2817502B1 (en) * 2000-12-06 2003-02-28 Pechiney Emballage Flexible Eu PEELABLE AND RECLOSABLE OPERATING MATERIAL
WO2003013976A1 (en) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-20 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Reclosable pack
EP2716439A1 (en) * 2012-10-04 2014-04-09 egeplast international GmbH Object with multilayer exterior
EP2813441A1 (en) 2013-06-11 2014-12-17 Mondi Consumer Packaging Technologies GmbH Film tear-open package and use of a flexible coextrusion film with at least three layers for producing a film tear-open package

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EP0554152A1 (en) * 1992-01-27 1993-08-04 SOCIETE ALSACIENNE D'ALUMINIUM Société Anonyme Container having a recloseable membrane provided with a layer of permanent adhesive
WO1997025200A1 (en) * 1996-01-11 1997-07-17 Ato Findley, Inc. Resealable packaging system

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US5172854A (en) † 1991-10-16 1992-12-22 Moshe Epstein Reclosable, reusable package
DE9403710U1 (en) † 1993-03-24 1994-05-26 Bischof & Klein Transparent self-adhesive surface protection film
FR2734243B1 (en) * 1995-05-16 1997-08-08 Alsacienne Aluminium COMPOSITE TAPE WITH RESILIENCE FOR THERMOPLASTIC CONTAINERS WITH PEEL OPENING
WO1996040504A1 (en) † 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Pechiney Recherche Strip for forming peelable reclosable packaging material and package
FR2741605B1 (en) 1995-11-29 1998-01-16 Soplaril Sa SHUTTER STRUCTURE FOR A CONTAINER, CONTAINER PROVIDED WITH SUCH STRUCTURE, AND METHOD FOR SHUTTERING THE CONTAINER

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EP0554152A1 (en) * 1992-01-27 1993-08-04 SOCIETE ALSACIENNE D'ALUMINIUM Société Anonyme Container having a recloseable membrane provided with a layer of permanent adhesive
WO1997025200A1 (en) * 1996-01-11 1997-07-17 Ato Findley, Inc. Resealable packaging system

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ES2182737T1 (en) 2003-03-16
EP0978460A1 (en) 2000-02-09
EP0978460B2 (en) 2009-07-15
ATE277833T1 (en) 2004-10-15
ES2182737T3 (en) 2005-04-16
DK0978460T4 (en) 2009-11-02
PT978460E (en) 2005-02-28
ES2182737T5 (en) 2009-10-30
DE978460T1 (en) 2003-05-28
DE69920597D1 (en) 2004-11-04
DE69920597T2 (en) 2005-02-17
EP0978460B1 (en) 2004-09-29
DE69920597T3 (en) 2009-12-17
DK0978460T3 (en) 2005-01-31
DE69920597T8 (en) 2005-11-03
FR2782066A1 (en) 2000-02-11
FR2782066B1 (en) 2000-11-03

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