EP1480197A2 - Bewegungskontrollsystem für Schieber in Musikinstrumenten mit Pfeifen und dergleichen - Google Patents

Bewegungskontrollsystem für Schieber in Musikinstrumenten mit Pfeifen und dergleichen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1480197A2
EP1480197A2 EP04011017A EP04011017A EP1480197A2 EP 1480197 A2 EP1480197 A2 EP 1480197A2 EP 04011017 A EP04011017 A EP 04011017A EP 04011017 A EP04011017 A EP 04011017A EP 1480197 A2 EP1480197 A2 EP 1480197A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slider
key
actuator
anchor
position sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04011017A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1480197A3 (de
Inventor
Silvio Eltec Automazioni S.n.c. Ramondetti
Giovanni Eltec Automazioni S.n.c. Galiasso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eltec Automazioni SNC di Ramondetti Silvio e Galiasso Giovanni
Original Assignee
Eltec Automazioni SNC di Ramondetti Silvio e Galiasso Giovanni
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Eltec Automazioni SNC di Ramondetti Silvio e Galiasso Giovanni filed Critical Eltec Automazioni SNC di Ramondetti Silvio e Galiasso Giovanni
Publication of EP1480197A2 publication Critical patent/EP1480197A2/de
Publication of EP1480197A3 publication Critical patent/EP1480197A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10B—ORGANS, HARMONIUMS OR SIMILAR WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ASSOCIATED BLOWING APPARATUS
    • G10B3/00—Details or accessories
    • G10B3/06—Valves; Sleeves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for controlling the movement of sliders in musical instruments with pipes and the like.
  • each slider 6 In so-called traditional or mechanical pipe organs, the movement of each slider 6 is operated by the organ player by pressing on each individual key 7 of the keyboard, wherefrom branch a series of lever mechanisms 8.
  • the musical characteristic of this kind of instrument highly appreciated by organ player, resides in the ability gradually to calibrate the opening of the slider 6, acting in equally gradual fashion on the corresponding key 7, thereby assuring a coloratura of the sound, which fully expresses all sound intensity hues, of each part of the piece to be performed. It should be noted that multiple sliders 6, belonging to different wind-chests, can be connected to a same key 7.
  • said gradualness distinguishes and enhances the musical qualities of the instrument, since it enables an experienced and sensitive organist to obtain a particular sound modulation phase, called "attack transient".
  • This phase generally develops in the first 2 mm of travel of the key 7 (fig. 1, 2 e 3), and it is characterised by the emission of a particular, not yet full, distorted sound, which expresses the musician's personality and expertise. It is originated by the fact that the air coming from the wind-chest 4 (fig. 1) takes a short fraction of time to bring the sound of the pipes 3 to steady state. Once this phase is over, the remaining millimetres of travel of the key 7 instead produce a proportional increase in sound power.
  • Non-mechanical actuators 9 can assume only two defined physical states, which we shall define, for the sake of simplicity, ON / OFF. Because of this characteristic, whatever the pressure or the travel imposed by the organist on the key 7, the result is always the same fixed opening travel 10 (fig. 1) of the respective slider 6, whose dynamics, always identical in itself, does not reflect the emphasis imparted by the organist. This fact thus generates a sound response that is not modulated, as the musical score would instead require, and lacking the "attack transients" which, as explained above, are typical of organs provided with a rigid mechanical control. Over time, this innovation has been met favourably, mostly thanks to the operating advantages it entailed.
  • the technical response time of known non mechanical actuators 9 causes, for instance, in fast passages between different notes, an ear that is not particularly experienced not to be able fully to detect the substantially difference, for the same musical piece, of its performance on organs with mechanical actuation system 8 (fig. 1) (and hence with proportional opening of the slider 6), instead of with ON / OFF opening.
  • this aspect has always interested aficionados of this musical genre, because it is one of the ways in which the organist performs the expressive and emphasis characteristics of each piece, in compliance with the composer's indications.
  • WO 94/11856 discloses a system for calibrating the movements of the mechanical parts of a pipe organ comprising for each wind-chest:
  • a third series of position sensors is arranged to detect the displacement of each key, whilst a conversion circuit establishes a correspondence between the displacements of the position sensors of the first series and the respective ones of the third series.
  • electromagnetic actuation means are provided, in which an electromagnet comprises coils that act on a magnetic head borne by an arm articulated about an axis. Each arm is provided at its free end, opposite to the articulated one, with a fork, within which is engaged a rod for directly actuating a slider. The action of closing the slider, instead, is controlled by elastic return means.
  • the present invention starts from the notion of said drawback, aims to remedy it.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a system for controlling the movement of sliders in pipe musical instruments and the like, which allows, though using non mechanical actuators, to achieve a movement of the sliders that is fully proportional to the travel of the respective keys, thereby obtaining a new type of organ or similar instrument, which retrieves all expressive musical characteristics that are typical of traditional organs, enabling to concentrate in a single instrument all the advantages of the different types of organs developed over time.
  • the present invention provides a system for controlling the movement of sliders in musical instruments with pipes and the like, whose essential characteristic is set out in claim 1.
  • the system for controlling the movement of sliders in musical instruments with pipes and the like comprises an electromagnetic actuation device 11 (fig. 3), that is light and compact, provided with a functionally autonomous and dedicated microprocessor, able to command the movement, in completely proportional fashion, of one or of a plurality of sliders 6 (fig. 1).
  • Said actuator whose position is controlled in closed loop by means of a position transducer 12 (fig. 3) (for example, a Hall effect probe), is connected, upstream, to a microprocessor 13.
  • Said microprocessor 13 receives and processes, with a very high, predetermined frequency, the signal coming from a position transducer 14 (also constituted, for example, by a Hall effect probe), associated to a respective key 7, and sends its corresponding voltage signal to coils 15 and 16 of the actuator 11, in order to cause the corresponding slider 6, practically in real time, to the position corresponding to the one indicated by the key.
  • Said actuator 11 is connected to the corresponding slider 6 by means of a rod or rigid tie rod 19.
  • the system according to the invention allows to establish, in simple and automatic fashion, a direct correspondence between the total amplitude 17 (fig. 3) of the travel executable by the key 7 and the total amplitude 10 (fig. 1) of the travel executable by the slider 6 (fig. 1).
  • N intermediate positions 18 are calculated, stored and mutually combined (fig. 4), thereby enabling the sliders to behave exactly as if they were moved by a keyboard connected to them by means of traditional mechanical lever mechanisms, with all deriving advantages.
  • the microprocessor 13 is not engaged in calculation sub-programs on the dynamics of the motion of the key (as we have seen such data are useless for operating purposes), but is limited to transforming the position signal coming from the key, into a simple voltage signal to be sent to the actuator 11, and corresponding to the correct position of the respective slider, acquired and stored as explained previously.
  • This simplification of the calculation function thus allows to apply high data recalculation and transmission frequencies, in order to reduce to a far lower value than the threshold of perception of the delay between the time the key is pressed and the time the slider oscillates to the corresponding position, thus enabling to achieve the predetermined object, i.e. to provide a "remote" keyboard with the same musical functionalities that are typical of a mechanical or traditional keyboard.
  • the actuator 11 (fig. 3 and 5), described herein in a preferred, but not limiting, embodiment of the present invention, contains in itself all necessary elements both for its autonomous operation and for the continuous control of its position. It is substantially composed by a mechanical part, able to actuate the opening and closing motion of the slider 6 (fig. 1) by means of the tie rod 19 (fig. 1), and an electrical /electronic part for controlling and commanding the motion itself, in a manner that is fully proportional to the travel of the respective key.
  • the mechanical part of the actuator 11 essentially comprises a fixed base 20 (fig. 5), whereon is hinged the free end of the rod of an anchor 21 (fig. 5), in freely oscillating fashion about an axis 22.
  • Said rod of the anchor 21, at its other end, is fastened relative to an end of a rigid rod 19, in turn connected to a slider 6, and it bears two specularly opposite fixed wings 23.
  • the electromagnets 15 and 16 integral with the base 20 and each underlying a respective wing 23 of the anchor 21.
  • the base 20 also supports a sustaining column, extending parallel to the axes of the electromagnets 15, 16 and proximate to one (15) of the electromagnets themselves, which supports said position transducer 12.
  • a fixed reference body 24 (fig. 5), which indicates to the position transducer 12 the instantaneous position of the anchor 21, and hence of the related slider 6, in space.
  • Said sustaining column also supports the electrical / electronic circuits 25 (fig. 5) of the actuator 11 provided on an appropriate board 26 and including the circuit components required to control the motion of the anchor 21, such as a microprocessor 27 and said position transducer 12.
  • Said microprocessor 27 continuously reads, in closed loop fashion, the position of the anchor 21 as indicated by the position transducer 12, compares it with the position indicated by the position transducer 14 associated to the corresponding key 7 and sends to the actuator 11 the current signal necessary to bring the actuator to the position required by the key.
  • the board 26 is protected from interference by a shielding wall 28 (fig. 5).
  • the anchor 21 is provided with the two opposite wings 23, each of which faces the polar expansion 29 (fig. 5) of a respective independent electromagnet 15, 16 (or of a plurality of respective independent magnets). Said electromagnets determine, when excited, an oscillation of the anchor respectively in one or in the other sense of oscillation about the axis 22, then keeping it in oscillated position with the force necessary to hold (through the tie rod) the respective slider 6 instantaneously and stably in the required position of oscillation, thereby controlling, in gradual and adjustable fashion, both the opening and the closing motion of the slider itself. It should be noted that the polar expansions 29 simultaneously act with antagonist forces on both the portions 23 of the anchor 21.
  • the oscillating arm provided with only one wing, is attracted by the respective magnet in only one sense of oscillation about the respective axis, thereby controlling only the opening motion of the slider, whilst a simple mechanical spring 30 (fig. 2), whose force is obviously not adjustable, is tasked with returning the slider to the closed position.
  • control system according to the invention allows to achieve the technical effects of a double action cylinder 31 (fig. 6), whilst the prior art control system allows to achieve only the technical effects of a single action cylinder, with spring-actuated return 32.
  • the equilibrium point between the two pressure on the opposite faces of the slider varies in continuous and non linear fashion, as the slider itself progressively moves away from the slit 5 (fig. 1, 7, 8 and 9). It is less and less influenced by its suction effect (Venturi effect), being progressively more and more immersed inside the wind-chest, and hence in a volume of air having a progressively more and more stable pressure. To this is added the existence of a high number of variables, which influence the stability of instantaneous pressure inside the wind-chest (number of registers and/or sliders open simultaneously, existence of instantaneous turbulent states, etc. ).
  • the flexibility of the system allows to link the travel 17 (fig. 3 and 10) of each key 7 and the travel 10 of the corresponding slider 6 (fig. 1 and 10) by means of a specific motion law, e.g. linear 42 (fig. 10), parabolic 43 (fig. 10), mixed 44 (fig. 10), etc..
  • a specific motion law e.g. linear 42 (fig. 10), parabolic 43 (fig. 10), mixed 44 (fig. 10), etc.
  • This could be useful when the manner of playing of a traditional mechanical organ is to be reproduced with precision.
  • a non linearity of the curve could allow to limit the influence which the inevitable mechanical play of the lever mechanisms 8 (fig. 1) have on sound dynamics; or to store the characteristic curves of motion of each slider, typical of each model and brand of organ, to be able to recall them and use them at will.
  • control system with proportional actuator of the present invention essentially comprises:
  • control system of the invention contains and allows the indispensable functions for the correct operation of the installation, such as:
  • the system comprises:
  • the single analogue input 45 (Fig. 11), which, as described above, provides the system with the characteristic of construction, installation and operating simplicity, enables in equally simple fashion to activate different functions.
  • the microprocessor 27 and the calculation and memory means use the voltage signal 46 (fig. 11, 12, 14 and 15) reached by the input signal 45, and maintained for a certain interval of time, to include and activate various functions such as those described below.
  • Said voltage signal 46 is continuously compared with a template 56 (Fig. 13) containing the predetermined threshold levels P, Q, R, S, T, U (fig. 15), to understand which activity is to be performed.
  • the learning phase is carried out at the time the organ is installed, or when it is reactivated after periods of inactivity or maintenance. It consists of having a plurality of actuators 11 individually perform, in automatic, (fig. 1 and 11) the matching of each intermediate position 18 (fig. 4) of each key 7 with each intermediate position 18 of each respective slider 6, as described above.
  • the system is provided with an appropriate command 58 (fig. 11), whose insertion sends with a predetermined logic an input voltage signal 46 (fig. 15) to each actuator 11 (fig. 11), which is analysed by appropriately programmed electronic means 59 (fig. 15), in the manner illustrated above. In this way, said strong, stable and continuous signal 46 is recognised to belong to the threshold ranging between R and S, activating the related learning function.
  • COMPACT VERSION - fig. 16 shows a compact version of the assembly formed by an actuator 11, according to the present invention, and by a corresponding slider 6, connected at close distance by means of a tie rod articulated, at one side, to an end of a wing of the anchor of the actuator and, at the other side, to the free end of the slider.
  • FIG. 17 schematically shows another embodiment of the system for controlling the movement of sliders in musical instruments with pipes and the like, according to the present invention.
  • the movement of the slider 6 is controlled by means of an actuation device with linear movement 68, instead of the actuator 11 (fig. 5), and still oscillating.
  • an actuation device with linear movement 68 instead of the actuator 11 (fig. 5), and still oscillating.
  • the parts similar to those described above are designated by the same reference numbers and are not further explained.
  • the mechanical part of said actuation device 68 comprises a base 63, whereon is positioned an electromagnetic actuator with linear motion 66.
  • Said linear actuator 66 comprises a fixed part provided with electromagnetic control means 64 which, when electrically excited through the electrical connection 48 (fig. 17) and as a result of the movements of the respective key 7, generate a corresponding magnetic field, determining corresponding reciprocating linear displacements of a movable member 65 able to move along an axis 67, proportionately to the intensity of the induced currents, in one and in the other sense of oscillation of at least one respective slider 6, which is thus actuated to open or close with respect to the corresponding orifice 5, and maintaining said movable member 65 with the force required to secure said slider 6 instantly and stably in its oscillated position.
  • the displacement of the movable member 65 determines the corresponding movement of the tie rod 19 and, consequently, the opening or the closing of each slider 6 associated to the respective key 7.
  • a reference body 69 which indicates to the position transducer 12 (fixed with respect to the base 63), its instantaneous position, and hence the position of the related slider, in space.
  • the electrical / electronic part 25 comprises a board 26, with the components necessary to control the movement of the rod 65 of the linear actuator 66, such as the microprocessor 27, the position transducer 12 and the other components, which perform the same functions already illustrated and described with reference to fig. 11.
  • the microprocessor 27 continuously reads, in closed loop fashion, the position of the rod 65 of the actuator 66, as indicated by the position transducer 12, compares it with the position indicated by the position transducer 14 associated to the corresponding key 7 (fig. 3), and sends to the actuator 66 the current signal necessary to bring the rod 65 of the actuator to the position required by the key.
  • the board 26 is protected therefrom by a shielding wall 70.
  • control system comprises actuator means (11; 68), in which a movable member (21, 23; 65) is driven to perform reciprocating movements proportionately to the movements of the respective key (7) and controls, directly and in correspondingly proportional fashion, the movement of at least a respective slider (6) both in its opening travel and in the closing travel with respect to the corresponding orifice (5).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP04011017A 2003-05-20 2004-05-10 Bewegungskontrollsystem für Schieber in Musikinstrumenten mit Pfeifen und dergleichen Withdrawn EP1480197A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITCN20030011 2003-05-20
ITCN20030011 ITCN20030011A1 (it) 2003-05-20 2003-05-20 Dispositivo elettromagnetico a controllo proporzionale, per il comando graduale del movimento dei ventilabri degli organi a canne, e/o di altri meccanismi simili.

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EP1480197A2 true EP1480197A2 (de) 2004-11-24
EP1480197A3 EP1480197A3 (de) 2005-11-23

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EP04011017A Withdrawn EP1480197A3 (de) 2003-05-20 2004-05-10 Bewegungskontrollsystem für Schieber in Musikinstrumenten mit Pfeifen und dergleichen

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IT (1) ITCN20030011A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006037221A2 (en) 2004-10-01 2006-04-13 Novelorg Inc. Proportional electromagnet actuator and control system
IT201900018734A1 (it) 2019-10-14 2021-04-14 Termisound S R L Apparato musicale a canne

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2401838A1 (de) * 1974-01-16 1975-07-24 Werner Thielmann Einrichtung zum elektronischen steuern von tonventilmagneten bei pfeifenorgeln oder aehnlichen musikinstrumenten
DE9319653U1 (de) * 1993-12-21 1994-04-21 Laukhuff Aug Gmbh & Co Doppelspulmagnet zur Betätigung der elektrischen Spieltraktur
WO1994011856A1 (fr) * 1992-11-19 1994-05-26 Syncordia International Inc. Systeme pour enregistrer et/ou reproduire les mouvements des organes mecaniques d'un orgue a tuyaux
DE4319633C1 (de) * 1993-06-14 1994-07-21 Klaus Prof Dipl Ing Bieder Einrichtung zur Betätigung der Spielventile einer Pfeifenorgel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2401838A1 (de) * 1974-01-16 1975-07-24 Werner Thielmann Einrichtung zum elektronischen steuern von tonventilmagneten bei pfeifenorgeln oder aehnlichen musikinstrumenten
WO1994011856A1 (fr) * 1992-11-19 1994-05-26 Syncordia International Inc. Systeme pour enregistrer et/ou reproduire les mouvements des organes mecaniques d'un orgue a tuyaux
DE4319633C1 (de) * 1993-06-14 1994-07-21 Klaus Prof Dipl Ing Bieder Einrichtung zur Betätigung der Spielventile einer Pfeifenorgel
DE9319653U1 (de) * 1993-12-21 1994-04-21 Laukhuff Aug Gmbh & Co Doppelspulmagnet zur Betätigung der elektrischen Spieltraktur

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006037221A2 (en) 2004-10-01 2006-04-13 Novelorg Inc. Proportional electromagnet actuator and control system
US7754952B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2010-07-13 Novelorg Inc. Proportional electromagnet actuator and control system
EP1812929A4 (de) * 2004-10-01 2017-05-10 Novelorg Inc. Proportional-elektromagnet-stellglied und steuersystem
IT201900018734A1 (it) 2019-10-14 2021-04-14 Termisound S R L Apparato musicale a canne

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Publication number Publication date
ITCN20030011A1 (it) 2004-11-21
EP1480197A3 (de) 2005-11-23

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