EP1480002B1 - Tränengaserzeugungsanlage - Google Patents

Tränengaserzeugungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1480002B1
EP1480002B1 EP04447129A EP04447129A EP1480002B1 EP 1480002 B1 EP1480002 B1 EP 1480002B1 EP 04447129 A EP04447129 A EP 04447129A EP 04447129 A EP04447129 A EP 04447129A EP 1480002 B1 EP1480002 B1 EP 1480002B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tear gas
tear
container
heating
gas generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04447129A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1480002A1 (de
Inventor
Alfons Vandoninck
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Bandit
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Bandit
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Publication of EP1480002A1 publication Critical patent/EP1480002A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/04—Gas-blowing apparatus, e.g. for tear gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tear gas generator comprising at least one container which contains an amount of a tear gas generating chemical compound in the solid state, the chemical compound causing irritation of at least one part of an eye upon contact, as disclosed in the preamble of the first claim.
  • a tear gas generator is disclosed in US 2 730 482 .
  • Tear gas is a term which in general is used to designate chemical compounds which even at small concentrations cause irritation of eye lids, tear-ducts and mucous membranes, in particular with human beings.
  • Known products used to generate tear gas include chloro-acetophenone, ortho-chlorobenylidene malontril, dibenz(b,f)-1,4-oxazepin, oleoresin, capsaicin or pepper spray. The latter is not considered as a tear gas, but is rather an irritant product capable of inducing infections.
  • the afore-mentioned chemical compounds know various practical applications, for example in tear gas grenades used to e.g. suppress demonstrations and in protective safety devices for the interior of buildings.
  • the known safety device comprises a capillary containing an amount of one or more of the afore-mentioned products, and an ignition mechanism. When activating the safety device, an ignation current for the pyrotechnical powder is produced, which induces an instant melting of the powder followed by evaporation. As the capillary explodes, tear gas escapes.
  • This known tear generator however presents the disadvantage that the tear gas yield based on the amount of powder present in the tear gas generating device is too low.
  • a tear gas generator which comprises at least one container, the container containing
  • the tear forming product is released in the form of gas, which allows optimizing tear generation upon contact with the eyes and /or human soft membranes, at a tear gas concentration below the acute toxicity of the product.
  • the present invention offers the advantage that the risk to spreading of powder or solidified liquid particles in the environment may be minimized. This allows minimizing the risk to a belated evaporation of the powder as room temperature is raised for example following heating or sun rays, which would render the room unsuitable for human use for a too long period of time.
  • a preferred embodiment of this invention is characterized in that as a tear gas generating chemical compound, use is made of an amount of at least one aromatic ketone.
  • Preferred aromatic ketones are acetophenones, in particular chloroacetophenon as with the latter there is a significant difference between (a) the concentration of the product causing detrimental irritation and (b) the lethal product concentration. Because of this difference the risk to undesired abuse may be minimised.
  • Chloroacetophenon in particular omega chloroacetophenon, is a particularly useful compound as it combines a relatively low boiling point of only 247°C, with a significantly higher decomposition temperature of 350°C. Because of the low boiling point, little energy is needed to achieve the desired evaporation to the gas phase. The higher decomposition temperature minimizes the risk to decomposition following a controlled temperature shot. The inventor has further observed that chloroacetophenon has a poor water solubility, which hampers removal through washing with water and that the irritation effect is enhanced upon contact with water and soap.
  • aromatic ketone suitable for use with the present invention is ortho-chlorbenzalmalononitrile, however this compound has a slightly higher melting and boiling point (respectively 93 and 317°C), and is water soluble.
  • a further aromatic ketone suitable for use with the present invention is dibenz (b,f)-1,4 oxazepine.
  • a preferred embodiment of the tear gas generator of this invention which facilitates product storage, is characterised in that the chemical compound is present in the device in the form of a solid as in the powdery state corrosive properties of the product with respect to the container are the lowest.
  • the present invention also relates to a container as claimed in claim 11.
  • the present invention further relates to a kit as claimed in claim 12.
  • the present invention additionally relates to an alarm device comprising the above described tear gas generator.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of generating a tear gas as described below in the figure description.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the container of the present invention.
  • the tear gas generator 1 of the present invention comprises one or more containers or cartridges 2, 12 in which an amount of at least one tear generating product 5 is stored.
  • a mixture of two or more tear generating compounds may be used.
  • the tear generating compound is preferably present in the container as a solid powder. To achieve a dense packing, quick heating and high evaporation yield, the particle size of the powder is preferably as small as possible.
  • Each container or cartridge contains a heating 4, 14 for heating and causing evaporation of the tear generating compound 5, although embodiments may exist in which one single heating functions to heat two or more cartridges.
  • the heating 4, 14 is preferably mounted into the container or cartridge 2, 12 as in that case optimum heat transfer to the tear generating compound may be guaranteed.
  • the heating is in direct thermal contact or in radiation contact with the tear gas generating powder. This may for example be achieved by means of a heating pin which protrudes into the container, the top 15 of the pin being coated with the tear generating compound 5. Thereby the powder is heated using conduction heating, which may be supplemented by heating through IR radiation.
  • any heating ought suitable by the person skilled in the art for example a heating wire or a resistor or a mantle heating or any other heating known to the person skilled in the art, for example micro-wave heating, induction heating or convection by means of a flowing hot gas.
  • the heating pin 4, 14 simultaneously functions as a cover or sealing for one end 7, 17 of the container 2, 12.
  • the opposite first end 6, 16 of the container 2, 12 is closed off by a removably mounted closure or sealing 8, 18.
  • the container may take the form of a casing or envelope enveloping the heating 4, 14 and the tear gas generating compound, to improve thermal contact between the tear gas generating compound and the heating.
  • the casing or envelope is further sealed by a cover or sealing 8, 18, with the purpose of (i) minimizing the risk to intrusion of dirt or any other unwanted contamination; (ii) maximizing vapour pressure within the cartridge.
  • a practical embodiment of the sealing is for example a heat sensitive fleece, which is broken as the heating reaches a certain temperature, thus providing a direct outlet for the tear gas.
  • the nature of the material of which the removable closure or sealing 8, 18 is made is not critical to the invention.
  • the sealing 8, 18 will however usually be made of a material having a melting point or a decomposition temperature which is sufficiently below the evaporation temperature of the solid tear gas forming product. This ensures that the container 2, 12 is opened at a temperature below the evaporation temperature of the tear gas generating compound 5, thus optimizing production and expelling of tear gas from the container 2, 12.
  • the tear gas generator 1 may further contain an air or gas supply for supplying air or gas to the cartridge.
  • the gas/air functions to dilute and entrain the tear gas into the room which is to be filled with it.
  • the device further contains an electric power generator for supplying energy to the heating 4, 14, for evaporating the tear gas forming powder.
  • the safety device or the tear gas generator 1 may comprise a detector 9 for detecting any unwanted activity in its vicinity.
  • the detector 9 is coupled to a power control unit 10, for example an electric power control 10, for example an MCU.
  • a power control unit 10 for example an electric power control 10, for example an MCU.
  • the detector 9 is provided to generate a signal when detecting any unwanted activity in the vicinity of the tear gas generator 1, which signal activates the power control 10. It is however also possible to provide means which allow direct activation of the power control 10.
  • the power control 10 in turn is coupled to the electric power supply, which in turn is coupled to the heating 4, 14.
  • the power control unit 10 functions to ensure that the energy supply rate is sufficiently high upon activation of the device, but also to limit the energy supply to the heating in view of minimizing the risk that the temperature of the heating exceeds a pre-set maximum temperature and of minimising the risk to decomposition of the powder.
  • the MCU may be designed to register the container or containers that have already been used, to select a particular container or to activate the containers in a particular order upon consecutive activations.
  • the MCU is also designed to activate the heating 4, 14 of a particular container upon receiving a signal from the detector.
  • the electric power control is preferably done using Pulse Width Modulation, in combination with a Power FET-transistor, as this provides optimum temperature control of the heating pin.
  • the shape of the container 2, 12 is not critical to the invention and will usually be chosen by the person skilled in the art taking into account the shape of the housing 11 into which it is to be mounted.
  • the container 2, 12 may for example take the form of a substantially cylindrical container, one end of which is closed off by means of a closure 8, 18.
  • the nature of the material of which the container 2, 12 is made is not critical to the invention.
  • the container may for example be made of a plastic material, glass, metal, steel, stainless steel. It is however preferred to have the container made of stainless steel or nickel plated brass as this is the more inert and rigid material.
  • the container 2, 12 may be used as such. It is however also possible to provide a housing 11 comprising two or more containers 2, 12, the housing being removably connectable to the tear gas generator 1.
  • the tear gas generator 1 of this invention may further contain a fan or preferably a propellant gas to optimize spreading. It is however also possible to use a propellant gas, a compressed gas or a liquefied gas, for example HFC's or carbondioxide. Carbondioxide is preferred as it has a higher density as compared to air, following which the tear gas/ CO2 mixture forms a thick fog layer above the floor. Carbondioxide has been found to show good miscibility with the tear gas, and a high vapour pressure (approximately 50 Bar at 20°C), thus ensuring fast spreading of the tear gas - carbondioxide mixture over the room to be protected. In that way a single container may suffice to fill an entire room with tear gas in an even concentration.
  • the invention further relates to a kit of two or more containers 2, 12 containing an amount of a tear gas generating chemical compound 5 in the solid state, the chemical compound causing irritation of at least one part of an eye upon contact; and an outlet for expelling the gas from the container 2, 12, the kit being removably attachable to the heating and the tear gas generator.
  • the containers 2, 12 may be received into a housing 19 to facilitate mounting.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung (1), welche mindestens einen Behälter (2, 12) umfasst, welcher eine Menge einer Tränengas erzeugenden chemischen Verbindung (5) im festen Zustand enthält, wobei die chemische Verbindung durch Kontakt zu einer Reizung mindestens eines Teils eines Auges führt, der Behälter ferner eine Heizung (4, 14) enthält, um die Verdampfung oder Sublimation der chemischen Verbindung (5) aus dem Festzustand in die Gasphase zu bewirken, wobei die Tränengas erzeugende Verbindung in der Gasphase durch Kontakt zu einer Reizung mindestens eines Teils des Auges und/oder der menschlichen Weichmembranen führt, und der Behälter ferner einen Auslass zum Ausstoßen des Gases aus dem Behälter und der Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizung ein Oberteil (15) umfasst, welches in den Behälter (2, 12) hineinragt, wobei mindestens ein Teil des Oberteils mit der Tränengas erzeugenden Verbindung (5) beschichtet ist.
  2. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Tränengas erzeugende Verbindung (5) mindestens ein aromatisches Keton oder ein Gemisch aus zwei oder mehreren von diesen verwendet wird.
  3. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Tränengas erzeugende Verbindung (5) mindestens ein Acetophenon oder ein Gemisch aus zwei oder mehreren von diesen verwendet wird.
  4. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Tränengas erzeugende Verbindung (5) Chloracetophenon verwendet wird.
  5. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tränengas erzeugende Verbindung (5) in Form eines Feststoffs vorliegt.
  6. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter (2, 12) ein erstes Ende (6, 16) umfasst, welches aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das einen Schmelzpunkt unterhalb der Verdampfungs- oder Sublimationstemperatur der Tränengas erzeugenden Verbindung (5) aufweist, und ein zweites Ende (7, 17) umfasst, welches die Heizung (4, 14) umfasst.
  7. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung einen Detektor (9) umfasst, welcher an eine Spannungsregelung (10) gekoppelt ist, wobei die Spannungsregelung (10) wiederum an die Heizung (4, 14) gekoppelt ist, wobei der Detektor dafür bereitgestellt wird, jede unerwünschte Aktivität in Nachbarschaft der Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung (1) zu erfassen und nach dem Erfassen einer solchen unerwünschten Aktivität ein Signal zu erzeugen, welches die Spannungsregelung (10) aktiviert, wobei die Spannungsregelung (10) dafür bereitgestellt wird, nach der Aktivierung durch den Detektor (9) ein Signal zur Aktivierung der Heizung (4, 14) zu erzeugen.
  8. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung (1) ein Gehäuse (11) umfasst, wobei der mindestens eine Behälter (2, 12) abnehmbar an dem Gehäuse (11) anzubringen ist.
  9. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung (1) mehrere Behälter (2, 12) umfasst, welche in einem Gehäuse (19) angebracht sind, wobei das Gehäuse abnehmbar an der Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung (1) anzubringen ist.
  10. Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Spannungsregelung eine MCU verwendet wird, welche bereitgestellt wird, um die Heizung zu deaktivieren, nachdem eine vorher eingestellte Heizzeit abgelaufen ist.
  11. Behälter (2, 12) zur Verwendung mit der Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, welcher eine Menge einer Tränengas erzeugenden chemischen Verbindung (5) im festen Zustand enthält, wobei die chemische Verbindung durch Kontakt zu einer Reizung mindestens eines Teils eines Auges führt; eine Heizung (4, 14) zum Bewirken der Verdampfung oder Sublimation der chemischen Verbindung aus dem Festzustand in die Gasphase enthält, wobei die Heizung ein Oberteil (15) umfasst, welches in den Behälter (2, 12) hineinragt, wobei mindestens ein Teil des Oberteils mit der Tränengas erzeugenden Verbindung (5) beschichtet ist; und einen Auslass zum Ausstoßen des Gases aus dem Behälter (2, 12) enthält.
  12. Satz aus zwei oder mehr Behältern (2, 12), welche eine Menge einer Tränengas erzeugenden chemischen Verbindung (5) im festen Zustand enthalten, wobei die chemische Verbindung durch Kontakt zu einer Reizung mindestens eines Teils eines Auges führt; eine Heizung (4, 14) zum Bewirken der Verdampfung oder Sublimation der chemischen Verbindung aus dem Festzustand in die Gasphase enthalten, wobei die Heizung ein Oberteil (15) umfasst, welches in den Behälter (2, 12) hineinragt, wobei mindestens ein Teil des Oberteils mit der Tränengas erzeugenden Verbindung (5) beschichtet ist; und einen Auslass zum Ausstoßen des Gases aus dem Behälter (2, 12) enthalten; wobei der Satz abnehmbar an der Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 anzubringen ist.
  13. Satz nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behälter (2, 12) in einem Gehäuse (19) aufgenommen werden.
  14. Alarmvorrichtung, welche die Tränengas-Erzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 umfasst.
EP04447129A 2003-05-23 2004-05-24 Tränengaserzeugungsanlage Expired - Lifetime EP1480002B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE200300319 2003-05-23
BE200300319 2003-05-23

Publications (2)

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EP1480002A1 EP1480002A1 (de) 2004-11-24
EP1480002B1 true EP1480002B1 (de) 2009-09-09

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EP04447129A Expired - Lifetime EP1480002B1 (de) 2003-05-23 2004-05-24 Tränengaserzeugungsanlage

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EP (1) EP1480002B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE442569T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004023030D1 (de)
DK (1) DK1480002T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2333326T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009019672B4 (de) * 2009-04-30 2012-05-31 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Einrichtung zum Schutz eines Objktes oder Fahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Militär- oder Polizeifahrzeugs
CN106628158A (zh) * 2017-02-28 2017-05-10 罗熠 一种防暴无人机

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1924783A (en) * 1930-06-30 1933-08-29 Byren C Goss Electrical gas daylight holdup protection system
US1892050A (en) * 1930-08-22 1932-12-27 Byron C Goss Expansion chamber type gas gun
US1909776A (en) * 1931-12-21 1933-05-16 Fed Lab Inc Fog gas cartridge
US2730482A (en) * 1944-02-07 1956-01-10 Stevenson Reston Method of dispersing vaporized diphenylchlorarsine
US2882239A (en) * 1944-07-20 1959-04-14 Edward W Comings Aerosol dispersion apparatus
US6237461B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2001-05-29 Non-Lethal Defense, Inc. Non-lethal personal defense device
US20030145851A1 (en) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-07 Johnson William C. Non-lethal gas apparatus to thwart hijacker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602004023030D1 (de) 2009-10-22
DK1480002T3 (da) 2010-01-11
ATE442569T1 (de) 2009-09-15
ES2333326T3 (es) 2010-02-19
EP1480002A1 (de) 2004-11-24

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