EP1474610A1 - Warnung vor pumgrenze oder schaufelschaden bei einer turbomaschine - Google Patents
Warnung vor pumgrenze oder schaufelschaden bei einer turbomaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP1474610A1 EP1474610A1 EP02769931A EP02769931A EP1474610A1 EP 1474610 A1 EP1474610 A1 EP 1474610A1 EP 02769931 A EP02769931 A EP 02769931A EP 02769931 A EP02769931 A EP 02769931A EP 1474610 A1 EP1474610 A1 EP 1474610A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- warning
- value
- turbocompressor
- signals
- surge limit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to the technical field of turbocompressors, as used, for example, in gas turbines (in particular as aircraft engines) or in energy generation or in the chemical industry.
- the invention relates to the field of recognizing in time a compressor pump that is emerging during the operation of the turbocompressor, so that suitable countermeasures can be taken.
- the invention further relates to blade damage to a rotor of a turbomachine, such as a steam or gas turbine.
- the gas turbine can be an aircraft engine or a stationary gas turbine, each of which has rotors in the compressor and turbine.
- Turbocompressors generally have a stability limit that depends on their performance characteristics. If this stability limit is inadvertently exceeded during operation of the turbocompressor (e.g. due to an entry disturbance or due to temperature changes or contamination), strong unsteady currents (rotating tearing off, pumps) set in which can quickly lead to the destruction of the machine. It is therefore customary to provide a sufficient distance between the working line and the stability limit when designing the turbocompressor, with all faults that could reduce the pump limit distance being taken into account as a safety reserve. With such a fixed safety distance, however, a considerable working range of the compressor with good efficiency is lost.
- turbocompressors In order to further increase the efficiency and / or the power density in modern constructions, considerations have been made as to how turbocompressors can be operated safely near the stability limit. It is known to rapidly lower the working line of the compressor or to shift the pump limit when the pumping state approaches (falling below a predetermined minimum distance from the pump limit). This can be done, for example, by opening a blow-off valve and / or by adjusting guide vanes and / or by reducing the fuel supply. Various approaches have already been taken to determine the approach of the surge limit.
- a method for monitoring and controlling a compressor is known from DE 693 25 375 T2, in which pressure fluctuations within a compressor stage are measured and their frequency components are analyzed. If at least one character teristic peak occurs in a frequency range dependent on the speed and the number of blades, a warning signal is generated depending on the shape of the at least one peak that has occurred.
- the warning signal can be used for control purposes in order to avoid the emerging critical state, for example by lowering the load or reducing the fuel injection rate.
- US Pat. No. 6,231,306 B1 shows a control system for preventing stalling in a turbocompressor.
- a mean value of the squared amplitude of a relevant frequency range is calculated from a measurement signal determined by a pressure sensor. The mean is normalized and compared to a threshold. If a threshold is exceeded, either a drain valve is opened or the guide vane position is changed.
- the object of the invention is to propose a calculation method in order to reliably recognize an emerging pumping state in a turbocompressor in such a timely manner that suitable measures can still be taken to avoid the pump.
- blade damage to a rotor of a turbomachine should be recognized as early as possible.
- One object of preferred embodiments of the invention is to achieve this goal with as few additional sensors as possible, that is to say with as few sensors as possible, which are not already provided in the turbocompressor anyway.
- Another object of preferred embodiments of the inventions is to avoid complex arithmetic operations, in order thereby to achieve a high reaction speed (data processing in real time) with relatively low arithmetic performance.
- a combined criterion for the warning is provided.
- This criterion is composed firstly of the subcriterion that the characteristic, periodic disturbance patterns appear clearly in the measurement signal of a temperature, pressure or flow velocity sensor, and secondly of the subcriterion that the measurement signal of the first sensor is combined with the measurement signal of a second sensor which is in Circumferential direction of the turbocompressor or the turbomachine is arranged offset to the first sensor, are correlated. Additional temperature, pressure or flow rate sensors can be provided.
- the warning is issued depending on the extent to which these two sub-criteria are met.
- the invention provides reliable early detection of pump or blade damage based on the identification of the characteristic signal structures mentioned, which occur when the operating point approaches the surge limit or in the event of blade damage.
- the expenditure on instruments is low because the at least two sensors required in conventional compressors are either already available for other reasons or at least can be added without difficulty.
- the calculation effort for determining the two sub-criteria mentioned above is also not particularly high because, in particular, no complex frequency analyzes are required.
- a relatively responsive pump limit warning or a warning for blade damage can be given with relatively low computing power.
- the at least two temperature, pressure or flow rate sensors provided according to the invention are arranged offset with respect to one another in the circumferential direction of the turbocompressor or the turbomachine. They can have a circumferential distance of 180 ° or less, for example 90 °, 60 °, 45 ° or 30 °. Even if more than two temperature, pressure or flow rate sensors are provided, these need not necessarily be arranged at a uniform circumferential distance.
- the at least two sensors are preferably located in a common axial plane of the turbocompressor or the turbomachine. This can be the level in front of the first rotor, for example; other levels are also possible.
- the at least two measurement signals determined according to the invention correspond to the output signals of one of the temperature, pressure or flow rate sensors.
- the term "correspond" does not necessarily mean an identity; Rather, the output signal of a sensor can be scaled (multiplication by a constant or variable factor) or shifted (addition of a constant or variable value, for example to adjust the mean value) or inverted (multiplication by -1 or reciprocal value formation) in order to obtain the corresponding measurement signal receive.
- the measurement signals are preferably digital value sequences, which were obtained from the analog sensor output signals by an analog / digital conversion (and possibly further processing steps).
- a first or a second time offset is used according to the invention.
- the first and / or the second time offset are predetermined constantly (possibly depending on the compressor type) or on the respective speed of rotation or other parameters (e.g. the compressor pressure).
- the invention is also not limited to calculating only one periodicity value and one correlation value; rather, embodiments are also provided in which several of these values (typically with different time offset values or for different measurement signals) are always calculated and evaluated.
- the steps of the method according to the invention are preferably carried out by a program-controlled device, for example a digital signal processor (DSP).
- DSP digital signal processor
- implementations with hardwired digital logic or analog implementations are also conceivable.
- the enumeration order of the method steps in the claims is not to be understood as a restriction; rather, these process steps can also in a different order or in whole or in part in parallel or semi-parallel (interlocking).
- the warning is given when the product of the periodicity value and the correlation value exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- another function is used instead of the product formation, which links the two values mentioned in such a way that large periodic signal changes and / or a high signal correlation lead to the output of the warning.
- the threshold value calculation can be carried out independently for the two values, the warning preferably being issued only when the two threshold values are exceeded.
- the required measurement signals are preferably evaluated in a sliding window of a predetermined (fixed or dependent on measurement values) window width.
- the window width largely determines the required computing effort and can therefore also be changed depending on the available computing power.
- the sampling frequency of the sensors and the signal evaluation is in the order of 1 kHz to 2 kHz.
- the evaluated measurement signal is previously subjected to a mean adjustment.
- the difference in amount or the cubic difference is formed instead of the quadratic deviation.
- execution alternatives in particular if the window width and / or the first time offset are / is constant) can also be used to form a total.
- the periodicity value is intended to show the extent to which structures with strong periodic signal changes occur in the measurement signal.
- the mean value of the product of two measuring points of two different measuring signals offset by the second time offset is calculated in preferred embodiments.
- summation can take place instead of averaging, and another function can be used instead of product calculation.
- the correlation ons value specify how exactly the two measured signals under consideration, when they are shifted by the second time offset, match.
- the determined warning is only displayed to a pilot or another operator.
- an operating parameter of the turbocompressor is changed in an automatically running method step in order to avoid compressor pumping. For example, a blow-off valve can be opened or the stator blades of the turbocompressor can be adjusted.
- turbocompressor is part of a gas turbine
- the flow can be stabilized when the surge limit is approached by thrust nozzle adjustment, blowing in or blowing off, VGV adjustment or fuel modulation before the compressor becomes aerodynamically unstable.
- the gas turbine for example the aircraft engine
- the gas turbine can be operated closer to the surge limit under many operating conditions than would be possible with a static surge limit distance.
- the operational safety of the gas turbine increases because malfunctions that would lead to instability without regulation are recognized in advance and eliminated by a regulated increase in the pumping limit distance.
- gas turbine in particular an aircraft engine
- improvements achievable by the invention can be taken into account in order to design the new development for a higher turbine stage load or to optimize the required pumping limit distance as required.
- the turbomachine, the turbocompressor and the gas turbine are further developed with features which correspond to the features just described or the features mentioned in the dependent method claims.
- 3 shows an exemplary representation of the time profile of two mean value-adjusted measurement signals.
- the two-shaft gas turbine 10 shown in FIG. 1 is known per se. It has a multi-stage low pressure compressor 12 and a multi-stage high pressure compressor 14. A combustion chamber 16, a high-pressure turbine 18 and a low-pressure turbine 20 follow in the direction of flow.
- the low-pressure compressor 12 and the low-pressure turbine 20 are connected by a common (inner) shaft, and likewise the high-pressure compressor 14 and the high-pressure turbine 18 are connected to a common (outer) shaft ,
- the gas turbine 10 is designed as an aircraft turbine.
- the use of the invention is also intended for single-shaft gas turbines, for gas turbines with three or more shafts, for stationary gas turbines (e.g. in power plant technology) and for compressors for other purposes (e.g. process engineering, ventilation technology).
- Two sensors 22, 24 are arranged in a common axial plane in the flow direction in front of the first rotor of the high-pressure compressor 14.
- the sensors 22, 24 are offset from one another in the circumferential direction, specifically by 180 ° in the present exemplary embodiment.
- the sensors 22, 24 are piezoelectric pressure sensors, which are known as such.
- flow velocity sensors are provided instead.
- Output signals Si, s 2 of the sensors 22, 24 are fed to a control unit 26 which is designed as a digital signal processor (DSP) with the required additional circuitry.
- DSP digital signal processor
- Two analog / digital converters 28, 30 convert the analog sensor output signals s ⁇ s 2 with a sampling frequency of approximately 1 kHz to 2 kHz into digital measurement signals pi, p 2 .
- the measurement signals pi, p 2 are processed by a surge limit determination module 32 in a manner described in more detail below.
- the surge limit determination module 32 When approaching a critical In this state, the surge limit determination module 32 outputs a surge limit warning W to an influencing module 34, which in turn changes the operating parameters of the gas turbine 10 by means of a plurality of control signals Ci, c 2 , e x so that the operating state of the gas turbine 10 is stabilized and pumping is thus avoided ,
- these are in particular a first control signal Ci, which activates blow-off valves (not shown in FIG. 1), a second control signal c 2 , which temporarily reduces the fuel supply, and further control signals c x , which, for example, cause a thrust nozzle adjustment or a guide vane adjustment.
- the surge limit warning determination module 32 and the influencing module 34 are designed as program modules of the digital signal processor (DSP) forming the control unit 26. In alternative embodiments, these modules can also be implemented by an analog or digital circuit. Because the evaluation method according to the invention requires only relatively low computing power, the digital signal processor of the control unit 26 can take on further tasks which can be related in particular to the regulation of the gas turbine 10.
- DSP digital signal processor
- a respective mean-adjusted signal i or p 2 is formed from the two measurement signals pi and p 2 .
- moving averages p " ⁇ and p " 2 of the measurement signals pi and p 2 are calculated during a time window that is significantly longer (for example ten or a hundred times) than a fluctuation of the measurement signals pi and p 2 to be determined.
- the mean value signals p ⁇ ⁇ and p " 2 are subtracted from the respective measurement signal px. Or p 2.
- FIG. 3 An example of the course of the two mean-adjusted measurement signals pi and p 2 is shown in FIG. 3. Obviously, these signals have significant periodic signal level changes (the maximum differences in the measurement signal pi can be determined for the time offset ti of approximately 0.6 compressor compressor rotations shown in FIG. 3). Furthermore, there is a clear correlation between the two measurement signals pi and p 2 when they are compared with one another with a time offset t 2 of approximately one compressor revolution. The three oblique, dotted lines in Fig. 3 show this correlation for three signal maxima.
- a periodicity value Wi is determined in calculation step 44, which specifies a measure for the occurrence of periodic signal level changes in the mean value-adjusted measurement signal pi.
- the periodicity value Wi could also be calculated from the non-averaged measurement signal pi or one of the measurement signals p 2 or p 2 , or two periodicity values could be determined for the measurement signals pi and p 2 (or for the measurement values pi and p 2 ) become.
- calculation step 44 can be expressed as follows:
- the level of the periodicity value Wi depends, among other things, on the choice of the time offset value ti.
- the periodicity value Wi is at a maximum if, as shown in FIG. 3, the time offset ti is approximately half the signal period.
- the time offset ti is either fixed (for a specific compressor design) or depends on the operating parameters of the compressor (e.g. the current speed).
- Calculation step 46 in FIG. 2 relates to the determination of the correlation value W 2 from the measurement signals p, and p 2 .
- the correlation value is W 2, as well the two measurement signals pi and p 2 on the basis of a second time offset t 2 are correlated with each other. This calculation enables the targeted identification of circulating faults.
- the original measurement signals pi and p can be used instead of the mean value-adjusted measurement signals pi and p 2 in alternative embodiments.
- this calculation step 46 can be expressed as follows: [P ⁇ (i + t2) -p ⁇ 2 (i)]
- the second time offset t 2 can be either fixed or variable. While in the exemplary embodiment described here the window width N is identical for both calculation steps 44, 46, different (fixed or variable) window widths are provided in alternative embodiments.
- the periodicity value W and the correlation value W 2 are scaled by reference to the inlet and / or outlet pressure of the compressor.
- the pressure values used for this can either originate from further sensors or can be derived from the above-mentioned mean value signals p ⁇ and p " 2.
- the results of the scaling result in a scaled periodicity value Wx.
- a scaled correlation value W 2 which are linked to one another in the following step 52
- the product W r W 2 is subjected to a threshold comparison in step 54. If the product WW 2 exceeds a predetermined threshold value, a surge limit warning W is triggered, which is fed as an input signal to the influencing module 34 (FIG. 1).
- the scaling steps 48, 50 are not absolutely necessary; rather, in step 52 the values Wi and W 2 can also be multiplied directly with one another.
- the threshold value used in step 54 can be fixed or variable; in particular, it is also possible to have the same result as when scaling the values Wx. and to obtain W 2 by a corresponding change in the threshold value. In further alternative embodiments, it is not the product, but another function that is calculated in step 52, for example the sum or the sum of the squares.
- the described method enables safe compressor operation in an economically interesting operating range close to the surge limit (higher efficiency) and an increased interference tolerance of the compressor, in particular with regard to entry problems.
- blade damage to a rotor in the compressor or turbine region 12, 14 or 18, 20 of a turbomachine can be displayed as a warning (W) using the method described above and further serious consequences can be avoided , e.g. B. by switching off this turbomachine, the z. B. a flight engine, and subsequent repair or replacement of the damaged blade or blades.
- W warning
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10152026 | 2001-10-23 | ||
| DE10152026A DE10152026A1 (de) | 2001-10-23 | 2001-10-23 | Warnung vor Pumpgrenze oder Schaufelschaden bei einer Turbomaschine |
| PCT/DE2002/003325 WO2003038282A1 (de) | 2001-10-23 | 2002-09-07 | Warnung vor pumgrenze oder schaufelschaden bei einer turbomaschine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1474610A1 true EP1474610A1 (de) | 2004-11-10 |
| EP1474610B1 EP1474610B1 (de) | 2006-05-10 |
Family
ID=7703276
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02769931A Expired - Lifetime EP1474610B1 (de) | 2001-10-23 | 2002-09-07 | Warnung vor pumgrenze oder schaufelschaden bei einer turbomaschine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7108477B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1474610B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4174031B2 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10152026A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003038282A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7827803B1 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2010-11-09 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for an aerodynamic stability management system |
| KR100954157B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-04-20 | 한국항공우주연구원 | 터보기계 블레이드 파손 모니터링 유닛 및 이를 갖는 터보장치 |
| US8282336B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2012-10-09 | General Electric Company | Instability mitigation system |
| US20100205928A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-08-19 | Moeckel Curtis W | Rotor stall sensor system |
| US8282337B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2012-10-09 | General Electric Company | Instability mitigation system using stator plasma actuators |
| US8348592B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2013-01-08 | General Electric Company | Instability mitigation system using rotor plasma actuators |
| US8317457B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2012-11-27 | General Electric Company | Method of operating a compressor |
| GB0811073D0 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2008-07-23 | Rolls Royce Plc | Timing analysis |
| DE102008058799B4 (de) * | 2008-11-24 | 2012-04-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines mehrstufigen Verdichters |
| US9354618B2 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2016-05-31 | Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab | Automated tuning of multiple fuel gas turbine combustion systems |
| US9267443B2 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2016-02-23 | Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab | Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems |
| US8437941B2 (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2013-05-07 | Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab | Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems |
| US9671797B2 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2017-06-06 | Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab | Optimization of gas turbine combustion systems low load performance on simple cycle and heat recovery steam generator applications |
| EP2626569A1 (de) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Pumpstößen in einem Verdichter |
| US10570909B2 (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2020-02-25 | Deere & Company | Surge wear predictor for a turbocharger |
| DE102017104414B3 (de) | 2017-03-02 | 2018-07-19 | Technische Universität Berlin | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen eines Indikators für eine Vorhersage einer Instabilität in einem Verdichter sowie Verwendung |
| JP7140323B2 (ja) | 2018-04-17 | 2022-09-21 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | 観測装置、観測方法及びプログラム |
| GB201908497D0 (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-07-31 | Rolls Royce Plc | Computer-implemented methods for controlling a gas turbine engine |
| GB201908496D0 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-07-31 | Rolls Royce Plc | Computer-implemented methods for determining compressor operability |
| GB201908494D0 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-07-31 | Rolls Royce Plc | Computer-implemented methods for training a machine learning algorithm |
| CN110329235B (zh) * | 2019-07-09 | 2021-05-14 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 一种监控车载电动空气压缩机的方法、装置及系统 |
| CN115929669A (zh) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-04-07 | 沈阳鼓风机集团股份有限公司 | 一种离心式压缩机失速团数量确定方法及装置、存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017448A1 (de) * | 1989-06-05 | 1990-12-06 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur diagnose der mechanischen eigenschaften von maschinen |
| US5275528A (en) * | 1990-08-28 | 1994-01-04 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Flow control method and means |
| US5448881A (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1995-09-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine control based on inlet pressure distortion |
| US5767780A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1998-06-16 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation | Detector for flow abnormalities in gaseous diffusion plant compressors |
| WO1997000381A1 (en) * | 1994-12-14 | 1997-01-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Compressor stall and surge control using airflow asymmetry measurement |
| US6231306B1 (en) * | 1998-11-23 | 2001-05-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Control system for preventing compressor stall |
| US6506010B1 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2003-01-14 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for compressor control and operation in industrial gas turbines using stall precursors |
-
2001
- 2001-10-23 DE DE10152026A patent/DE10152026A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-09-07 JP JP2003540528A patent/JP4174031B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-07 WO PCT/DE2002/003325 patent/WO2003038282A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-07 US US10/493,426 patent/US7108477B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-07 DE DE50206768T patent/DE50206768D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-07 EP EP02769931A patent/EP1474610B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03038282A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005507056A (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
| EP1474610B1 (de) | 2006-05-10 |
| DE50206768D1 (de) | 2006-06-14 |
| US20050038570A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| WO2003038282A1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
| DE10152026A1 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
| JP4174031B2 (ja) | 2008-10-29 |
| US7108477B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
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