EP1473799A1 - Satellite à couverture multi-zones assurée par deviation de faisceau - Google Patents
Satellite à couverture multi-zones assurée par deviation de faisceau Download PDFInfo
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- EP1473799A1 EP1473799A1 EP04291108A EP04291108A EP1473799A1 EP 1473799 A1 EP1473799 A1 EP 1473799A1 EP 04291108 A EP04291108 A EP 04291108A EP 04291108 A EP04291108 A EP 04291108A EP 1473799 A1 EP1473799 A1 EP 1473799A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of satellite communications, and more particularly that of the area coverage control multiple geographic (or "spots") by communications satellites.
- multi-zone satellite coverage consists schematically to achieve continuous multi-zone coverage (in emission and / or in reception) with passive antennas, the zones being grouped together in cells within each of which only one area, called active, is covered at all times, and the different areas of the cells being active the one after the other, periodically.
- This type of cover allows in particular to allocate all the available frequency band on a part (active) of all zones during a given period.
- a first arrangement consists in using first, second, third and fourth transmit / receive antennas (dual-bands) containing sources defining first, second, third and fourth zones respectively, each cell then being made up of a first, a second, a third and a fourth zone.
- the mesh available at the sources is large enough to allow the use of sources with large apertures (typically 4 to 6 ⁇ ) and therefore very directive. This makes it possible to obtain very high illumination yields, typically from 75% to 80%.
- the antennas are dual-band, the gain at the edge of the coverage (G EOC ) cannot be optimized simultaneously in transmission and in reception.
- the zone hopping (or “beam hopping”) being effected by antenna switching, the losses generated at the level of the connection guides, between each source and the switch, are significant.
- a second arrangement consists of repeating the previous arrangement by doubling the number of antennas so as to have four transmit antennas and four receive antennas.
- the mesh being substantially identical to that of the previous arrangement, it is therefore also possible to obtain very high illumination yields, typically from 75% to 80%.
- the antennas are here optimized in each frequency band, it is therefore possible to optimize the gain at the edge of the coverage (G EOC ) simultaneously in transmission and in reception.
- G EOC edge of the coverage
- the use of eight antennas imposes significant planning constraints.
- beam hopping is also carried out by antenna switching, the losses generated at the level of the connection guides, between each source and the switch, are significant.
- a third arrangement consists of starting from the first arrangement in reducing the number of antennas to three.
- the available mesh is here slightly smaller than in the two previous arrangements, so that the sources have an opening of the order of 3 to 5 ⁇ and are therefore somewhat less directives.
- the lighting yield is always very acceptable and the planning constraint is greatly relaxed.
- the beam hopping always carried out by antenna switching, the losses generated at the level of the connection guides, between each source and the switch, are important.
- the mesh being tighter, the performance of C / l (ratio between the useful signal (C for "Carrier") and the interfering signals (I) generated by other sources working in the same band of frequency and in the same polarization as the useful area) are degraded.
- a fourth arrangement consists in using only a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna.
- the beam hopping is now carried out by switching within the same antenna, the losses generated at the level of the link guides, between each source and the switch, are not significant.
- the definition of all the zones with a single antenna imposes a very tight mesh, so that the sources have an opening of the order of 1.2 to 1.5 ⁇ and are therefore not very directive.
- the illumination efficiency is then very poor (typically 35% to 40%), which requires oversizing of the antenna reflectors and antennas which can cause technology problems, in particular when the satellite operates in the frequency band. "Ka".
- the gain at the edge of the coverage (G EOC ) is therefore reduced by 3 to 4 dB compared to the previous arrangements, and the "roll-off" (variation in gain over the whole of the multi-zone coverage, and more precisely the difference between the maximum gain on each zone and the EOC gain) is very high, typically of the order of 8 to 12 dB compared to the 4 to 6 dB presented by the previous arrangements.
- the object of the invention is therefore to improve the situation as regards multi-zone coverage.
- a telecommunications satellite to multi-zone coverage comprising at least one transmitting and / or transmitting antenna reception comprising at least one emission and / or reception source capable of delivering and / or receiving a beam in a chosen direction defined by a chosen value phase and a chosen value amplitude.
- This satellite is characterized by the fact that at least one of its sources transmission and / or reception is coupled to processing means loaded to divert its beam or its direction of reception according to at least one other direction chosen by variation of at least the amplitude value.
- the processing means are responsible for deflecting the beam in several directions chosen in function of a law of variation of the value of the amplitude.
- the processing means preferably comprise a first coupler installed on the main line and coupled to a first end of an auxiliary line comprising means of variation amplitude, and a second coupler installed on the main line between the first coupler and the transmitting or receiving module and connected to a second end of the auxiliary line.
- the second coupler can be arranged in the form of a deviation meter, such as for example a mode extractor (s) comprising a circular waveguide coupled to at least a rectangular waveguide via a row of slots.
- the processing means may include a single coupler installed on the main line and coupled to at least one cavity resonant defining the amplitude.
- the means of treatment can include at least two controlled resonant cavities each by a PIN diode and having couplings between them electromagnetic elements which define the amplitude.
- the means of treatment can be arranged to deflect the beam or direction reception in at least one of the directions chosen by variation of the value of the amplitude and the value of the phase.
- the deviation is then preferably carried out in function of a law of variation of the value of the amplitude and a law of variation of the phase value.
- the auxiliary line embodiment presented above, then includes means for phase variation located on said auxiliary line.
- the single coupler is coupled to at least three cavities resonants each controlled by a PIN diode and presenting between electromagnetic couplings chosen defining the amplitude and whose the respective positions, relative to the coupler, define the phase.
- the transmitting and / or transmitting antenna reception includes a multiplicity of emission and / or reception sources, each delivering a beam in a chosen direction, and first control means responsible for controlling the processing means (which are coupled to the sources of emission and / or reception) according to a diagram spatio-temporal chosen.
- the first ones control means can then be arranged so as to order the processing means to operate simultaneously and in cycles of equal durations so that the satellite provides multi-zone hopping coverage beam hopping.
- the invention finds a particularly interesting application, although only in a nonlimiting manner, in the case of a transmission and / or a reception of beams in the “Ku” and / or “Ka” type frequency bands.
- the invention relates to telecommunications satellites for multi-zone coverage in transmission and / or reception, and more precisely on such satellites comprising at least one passive transmitting antenna and / or at least one passive receiving antenna.
- Such a source of emission and / or reception If comprises a transmission and / or reception module Ri, such as for example a transponder (such as an HPA for "High Power Amplifier” in transmission or such as an LNA for “Low noise amplifier” on reception), and a transmitter and / or receiver Ci, such as for example a horn, coupled to the emission and / or reception module Ri by a main line LPi, as for example a waveguide, equipped with an MTi processing module.
- Ri such as for example a transponder (such as an HPA for "High Power Amplifier” in transmission or such as an LNA for “Low noise amplifier” on reception)
- a transmitter and / or receiver Ci such as for example a horn
- This MTi processing module is responsible for deflecting the beam (or the direction of reception), which must send (and / or receive) the horn Ci which is his associated, according to at least one chosen direction which differs from the direction associated with the standard propagation mode of the transmission channel and / or reception i (or source Si), which is defined by an amplitude A and by a phase ⁇ .
- the deviation is obtained at least by a variation ⁇ of the value of the amplitude A of the beam emitted or received by a transmitting module and / or reception R. But, as illustrated in figure 2, the deviation can be both obtained by a variation ⁇ of the value of the amplitude A and by a variation of the value of phase ⁇ .
- the dotted circle Z, of center Cnd materializes the coverage of an area by a beam emitted or received, without processing (or deviation), by a horn Ci of a transmitting antenna and / or reception with an angular "dispersion" ⁇ , while the circle in solid lines Z ', from center Cd materializes the coverage of an area by a deflected beam emitted or received by the same horn Ci with the same angular dispersion ⁇ .
- the maximum deviation is limited to the value of ⁇ , which corresponds to the lobe width at 3 dB.
- the TMi processing module can be arranged in different ways.
- a first way can for example consist in setting up on the line main LP of a transmission and / or reception channel one or more cavities resonant arranged so as to vary the amplitude of the signals, thus that eventually their phase.
- the processing module TM includes a CP coupler installed on the main LP line and coupled to a single resonant cavity CR. Electromagnetic coupling between the coupler CP and CR cavity allows to excite one or two higher order modes than that the telecommunication signal to be sent or received, delivered by the module emission and / or reception R, which induces a deviation of the main lobe transmission and / or reception of horn C, and consequently of the beam to transmit or receive direction of the beam to be received, which beam contains said telecommunication signal.
- This embodiment which allows only one deviation is particularly well suited to situations in which the deviation of the beam is static.
- the invention makes it possible to replace one or more spots by also offering more directive sources, as illustrated in Figure 4. More precisely, in the example of FIG.
- the dotted circles Z1 to Z4 materialize four contiguous sources, while the circles in solid line Z'1 to Z'4 materialize the final positions of the areas (or spots) covered by said sources after treatment (the spots corresponding to the sources without treatment are circles concentric to the dotted circles Z1 to Z4 and diameters equivalent to those of the solid lines Z'1 to Z'4, and the arrows materialize the displacements d2 to d4 of the centers of zones Z2 to Z4).
- This example corresponds in particular to the case of satellites using four sources of 1.74 ° in S-band (2500 MHz).
- the invention makes it possible to replace either a 9-meter antenna equipped from at least twelve sources and a BFN (for "Beam Forming Network” (or beam forming network) - device for enforcing laws amplitude and phase on all sources to generate four spots; we therefore uses three to four sources to generate each spot and some sources can be used several times), i.e. three 5-meter antennas equipped with four sources, by a five-meter antenna equipped with four highly directive sources. This results in an improvement in gain, a optimization of the roll-off and a significant reduction in overall dimensions.
- BFN for "Beam Forming Network” (or beam forming network) - device for enforcing laws amplitude and phase on all sources to generate four spots; we therefore uses three to four sources to generate each spot and some sources can be used several times), i.e. three 5-meter antennas equipped with four sources, by a five-meter antenna equipped with four highly directive sources.
- This embodiment also corresponds to situations requiring covering adjacent areas with overlap. Such a situation corresponds in particular to satellites using four antennas, one of which provides coverage using Ku and Ka type spots.
- Such satellites generally cover nine areas in Ka band and four zones in Ku band.
- the Ku band corresponds, in reception, substantially at the interval [13.7 GHz, 15.6 GHz] and, in transmission, substantially at the interval [10.7 GHz, 12.8 GHz].
- the Ka band corresponds, in reception, substantially at the interval [27.5 GHz, 30 GHz] and, in transmission, substantially at the interval [18.2 GHz, 20.2 GHz].
- the invention allows the use of highly directive Ka and Ku sources, and therefore significantly improve the gain and the C / I ratio, greatly optimize the roll-off and significantly reduce power consumption.
- This embodiment also corresponds to the situations requiring a dynamic deflection of a beam (also called “Theater trip").
- This situation can arise when using a beam having an angular dispersion of between approximately 1.6 ° and 3.2 ° to cover an area of 1,000 to 2,000 kilometers. It is especially the case during certain events such as the Games Olympic.
- the invention here makes it possible to reposition at will a bundle of electronically and quickly, without having to mechanically move the satellite, as is currently the case, which reduces consumption energy and significantly improves positioning accuracy and speed.
- a variant of this embodiment using a single cavity resonant, permanently active can consist, as illustrated on the figure 5, to be used on each transmission and / or reception channel i (or source Si) a MV processing module including a CP coupler installed on the line main LP and coupled to at least two resonant cavities CR1, CR2 each controlled by a PIN diode DP1, DP2 and presenting between them electromagnetic couplings chosen so as to vary the amplitude as well as possibly the phase.
- the electromagnetic coupling between the CR1 and CR2 cavities, via the CP coupler, allows to activate one or two modes of a higher order than the fundamental mode of the telecommunication signal to send, delivered by the send and / or receive module R, which induces a deviation from the main emission lobe of horn C, and therefore from the beam to be transmitted or direction of reception. More precisely, the amplitude ⁇ of the deviation is fixed by the coupling between the cavities resonant, while the variation of the value of phase ⁇ is fixed by the position of the resonant cavities.
- the number of possible deviations is fixed here by the number of possible activation combinations of the different CR resonant cavities, via the associated DP control PIN diodes, which depends well obviously the number of resonant cavities used (for example four or eight).
- the MT processing module can be implemented in a second way, as illustrated in Figure 6. This second way is to set up on the main line LP of a transmission and / or reception channel (or source S), on the one hand, a first coupler CP1, coupled to a first end of a auxiliary line LA comprising an amplitude attenuator AA and a phase shifter DP, and secondly, a second coupler CP2 (downstream of the first coupler CP1), coupled to a second end of the auxiliary line LA.
- the first coupler CP1 is arranged to take from the main line LP part of the telecommunication signal to be transmitted in the form of a beam, so as to inject it into the auxiliary line LA where it is the subject of a amplitude variation at the level of the amplitude attenuator AA, as well as possibly a phase variation at the DP phase shifter, before being reinjected into the main LP line thanks to the second coupler CP2.
- the second coupler CP2 is arranged so as to generate at the input horn C one or two modes (for example TM01 and TE21 which allow generate asymmetric radiation patterns with an absence signal in the axis) of higher order than the fundamental mode of the signal telecommunication to be transmitted, issued by the transmission module R, which induces the beam deflection.
- the injection of one or two modes higher order at the entrance of the horn C causes a deviation of its lobe main issue. This also applies to reception under the reciprocity theorem which applies when the elements are of type passive.
- the AA amplitude attenuator and / or the DP phase shifter can be variable type, when necessary.
- the TM processing module is therefore configured to vary the amplitude according to a chosen amplitude law and / or the phase according to a chosen phase.
- the DP phase shifter is omitted.
- the deviation results exclusively from a amplitude variation.
- multi-zone coverage (or multi-spots) by beam hopping consists of forming a “cluster” or “Mosaic” G of adjacent coverage areas (or spots) Z, which, preferably, partially overlap.
- Each G cluster is subdivided into Cel cells with the same number j of zones Zj.
- the beam hopping consists in making only one area active at any time Zj of each Cel cell in a G cluster. Therefore, the Zj areas of a same Cel cells are active (or covered) one after the other, from periodically and preferably for identical durations equal to the jth part ⁇ T of the period, under the control of the control module MC.
- the active zones ZA of a cluster G are shown in black, while the ZI inactive zones are shown in white.
- the same source Si now makes it possible to cover the four (or N) zones Zj of the same Cel cell using the principle of beam deflection described above.
- the horn Ci of the source If (or transmission and / or reception channel i) is arranged to deliver a untreated (or not deflected) beam whose center is materialized by the small black circle Fnd, and the processing module MTi, associated with this source Si, is arranged to deflect the beam in four different directions which define (here) the four zones Z1 to Z4 of a Cel cell.
- the first zone (or spot) Z1 corresponds to a beam deflected in a first direction defined by an amplitude A0 and a phase ⁇ 0
- the second zone Z2 corresponds to a beam deflected according to a second direction defined by an amplitude A0 / 3 and a phase ⁇ 0 + 90 °
- the third zone Z3 corresponds to a beam deflected according to a third direction defined by an amplitude A0 and a phase ⁇ 0 + 180 °
- the fourth zone Z4 corresponds to a beam deflected according to a fourth direction defined by an amplitude A0 / ⁇ 3 and a phase ⁇ 0 + 270 °.
- the amplitude of deviation ⁇ 1 from the center of the beam corresponding to the first zone Z1 with respect to the direction of reference defined by the center of the non-deflected beam Fnd is substantially equal to 3 ⁇ / 4
- the amplitude of deviation ⁇ 2 from the center of the beam corresponding to the second zone Z2 with respect to the reference direction is substantially equal to ⁇ 3 / 4.
- the processing module MTi of a transmission and / or reception channel i (or source Si) is therefore arranged to “switch” the beam delivered by (or the direction of reception of the beam received by) its horn Ci from an area to the other.
- the beam is deflected in the first direction, so that only the first zone Z1 of cell Ci is covered (or active). This situation corresponds to the upper right of Figure 7 (T0).
- the beam is deflected in the second direction, so that only the second area Z2 of cell Ci is covered (or active).
- This situation corresponds to the lower right of Figure 7 (T0 + ⁇ T).
- the control module MC of the transmitting antenna A is arranged so as to make function according to a spatio-temporal law the modules of MTi processing of each emission channel i (or source Si). More preferentially, the control module MC controls the processing modules MTi so that they operate synchronously, simultaneously and periodically, and that during each fraction of period ⁇ T the same zone Zj of each Cel cell is activated (or covered).
- these sources can be very directive, which makes it possible to obtain a highly optimized lighting yield.
- this optimizes the G EOC gain at the edge of the cover (or EOC for “Edge Of Coverage”).
- beam hopping type switching takes place within the same antenna, the losses due to the link guides are greatly reduced.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C describe an example for producing and operating a second CP2 coupler which can be used on a transmission and / or reception channel of the type illustrated in Figures 1 and 6.
- the second coupler CP2 is preferably a coupler called "deviation measurement” (or “extractor of mode (s) "), arranged to take samples from the main LP line, at the outlet of the horn reception mode C, the mode (s) which is (are) pursued to inject it into the first auxiliary line LA.
- the CP2 deviation coupler is designed way to define a short circuit plan for the tracking mode (s) that will force them to join the first auxiliary line LA (the mode of standard (or fundamental) propagation, of lowest order, as well as the others discontinued modes therefore continue their journey within the main line LP).
- the CP2 deviation coupler is arranged so as to extract and / or generate modes TM01 and TE21 from the main LP line for inject them into the first auxiliary line LA.
- the transmitting and / or receiving element is here of the monobloc type. he includes an upstream part defining a horn C and a downstream part extending the upstream part and defining a deviation coupler CP2.
- the downstream part CP2 here consists, firstly, of a guide central wave LP, of circular section, defining the main line in which are extracted and / or generated the modes pursued, secondly, four rectangular waveguides LAa to LAd, of rectangular section, defining four portions of the first auxiliary line, and a third part, four rows of FEa to FEd coupling slots, preferably shaped rectangular, ensuring coupling between the central waveguide LP and the four peripheral waveguides LAa to LAd.
- coupling slots can be used, such as for example circular or elliptical slots, or still on the cross, and the like.
- the higher order modes pursued are therefore extracted and / or generated from the main waveguide LP by the slots FEa to FEd coupling then injected into the peripheral waveguides LAa to LAd.
- the number of rows of slots, and therefore the number of peripheral waveguides, of the embodiment illustrated on the Figures 9A to 9C are not limited to 4. This number can take any which value greater than or equal to one (1). It is important to note that the number of rows does not correspond to the number of extracted modes and / or generated. We can indeed use four rows of slots to extract and / or generate a single superior mode. In addition, the number of rows is used also to distribute the extraction and / or the generation of higher modes without disrupt the main telecommunications route. That's why we use generally rows of rotationally symmetrical coupling slots, for example example four rows at 90 ° or eight rows at 45 °, etc ... In addition, we have describes a slot coupling, but we can also consider a coupling by probe when the first auxiliary line is of the coaxial type.
- TM01 only one higher order mode is used (generally TM01) when the polarization of the incident or transmitted wave is circular. Knowing the values of the amplitude and of the phase, a single mode is then sufficient to determine each time the parameters ⁇ and ⁇ described previously with reference to FIG. 2. In other words, in the case of a circular polarization , by using only one mode one can divert the beam in emission (or the direction of reception) in any direction of space within the limits of width of the main lobe to 3 dB ( ⁇ 3dB ).
- two higher order modes are used (generally the pairs (TM01 and TE21) or (TE21 and TE21 orthogonal)) when the polarization of the incident or transmitted wave is linear. Knowing the values of the amplitude and of the phase of these two modes, it is in fact possible to determine each time the parameters ⁇ and ⁇ described previously with reference to FIG. 2. In other words, in the case of a polarization linear, by using two orthogonal modes, one can deflect the beam in emission (or the direction of reception) in any direction of space within the limits of width of the principal lobe with 3 dB ( ⁇ 3dB ).
- the invention is not limited to the satellite embodiments of telecommunications described above, only by way of example, but it includes all the variants that a person skilled in the art will be able to envisage in the The scope of the claims below.
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Abstract
Description
- la figure 1 est un diagramme bloc fonctionnel illustrant schématiquement une antenne d'émission et/ou de réception multi-voies d'un satellite selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 illustre de façon schématique le mécanisme de déviation de faisceau en émission ou de déviation de direction de réception,
- la figure 3 illustre schématiquement un premier mode de réalisation d'une voie d'émission et/ou de réception d'une antenne d'émission et/ou de réception d'un satellite selon l'invention,
- la figure 4 illustre schématiquement un exemple de couverture multi-zones adaptée à la déviation statique d'un faisceau,
- la figure 5 illustre schématiquement un second mode de réalisation d'une voie d'émission et/ou de réception d'une antenne d'émission et/ou de réception d'un satellite selon l'invention,
- la figure 6 illustre schématiquement un troisième mode de réalisation d'une voie d'émission et/ou de réception d'une antenne d'émission et/ou de réception d'un satellite selon l'invention,
- la figure 7 illustre schématiquement un exemple de couverture multi-zones dans le cas d'une application de type beam hopping,
- la figure 8 illustre schématiquement le mécanisme de déviation (ou commutation) de faisceau au sein d'une cellule, dans une application de type beam hopping, et
- les figures 9A à 9C illustrent schématiquement, respectivement dans des vues en coupe longitudinale, en perspective partielle (CP2), et en coupe transversale au niveau de CP2, un exemple de réalisation d'un coupleur d'écartométrie utilisé dans une voie d'émission et/ou de réception d'une antenne d'émission et/ou de réception du type de celle illustrée sur la figure 6.
Claims (17)
- Satellite de télécommunications à couverture multi-zones, comportant au moins une antenne d'émission et/ou de réception (A) comprenant au moins une source d'émission et/ou de réception (Si) propre à délivrer et/ou recevoir un faisceau selon une direction choisie définie par une phase de valeur choisie et une amplitude de valeur choisie, caractérisé en ce que l'une au moins des sources d'émission et/ou de réception (Si) est couplée à des moyens de traitement (MTi) agencés pour dévier son faisceau ou sa direction de réception selon au moins une autre direction choisie par variation d'au moins la valeur de ladite amplitude.
- Satellite selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de traitement (MTi) sont agencés pour dévier ledit faisceau ou ladite direction de réception selon plusieurs autres directions choisies en fonction d'une loi de variation de la valeur de ladite amplitude.
- Satellite selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que, ladite source d'émission et/ou de réception (Si) comprenant une ligne principale (LPi) raccordant un module d'alimentation (Ri) à un module d'émission et/ou de réception (Ci), lesdits moyens de traitement (MTi) comprennent un premier coupleur (CP1i) implanté sur ladite ligne principale (LPi) et couplé à une première extrémité d'une ligne auxiliaire (LAi) comprenant des moyens de variation d'amplitude (AAi), et un second coupleur (CP2i) implanté sur ladite ligne principale (LPi) entre ledit premier coupleur (CP1i) et ledit module d'émission et/ou de réception (Ci) et raccordé à une seconde extrémité de ladite ligne auxiliaire (LAi).
- Satellite selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit second coupleur (CP2) est agencé sous la forme d'un coupleur d'écartométrie.
- Satellite selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit coupleur d'écartométrie (CP2) est un extracteur de mode(s).
- Satellite selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit extracteur de mode(s) (CP2) comprend un guide d'onde circulaire couplé à au moins un guide d'ondes rectangulaire via une rangée de fentes.
- Satellite selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fentes présentent une forme choisie dans un groupe comprenant au moins les rectangles, les ellipses et les croix.
- Satellite selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que, ladite source d'émission et/ou de réception (Si) comprenant une ligne principale (LPi) raccordant un module d'alimentation (Ri) à un module d'émission et/ou de réception (Ci), lesdits moyens de traitement (MTi) comprennent un coupleur (CPi) implanté sur ladite ligne d'émission et/ou de réception (LPi) et couplé à au moins une cavité résonnante (CRi) définissant ladite amplitude.
- Satellite selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de traitement (MTi) comprennent au moins deux cavités résonnantes (CR1, CR2) commandées chacune par une diode PIN (DP1, DP2) et présentant entre elles des couplages électromagnétiques choisis définissant ladite amplitude.
- Satellite selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de traitement (MTi) sont agencés pour dévier ledit faisceau ou ladite direction de réception selon l'une au moins desdites autres directions choisies par variation de la valeur de ladite amplitude et de la valeur de ladite phase.
- Satellite selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de traitement (MTi) sont agencés pour dévier ledit faisceau ou ladite direction de réception selon lesdites autres directions choisies en fonction d'une loi de variation de la valeur de ladite amplitude et d'une loi de variation de la valeur de ladite phase.
- Satellite selon l'une des revendications 3 à 11, caractérisé en ce que ladite ligne auxiliaire (LAi) comprend des moyens de variation de phase (DPi).
- Satellite selon l'une des revendications 11 et 12 en combinaison avec la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit coupleur (CPi) est couplé à au moins trois cavités résonnantes (CR) commandées chacune par une diode PIN (DP) et présentant entre elles des couplages électromagnétiques choisis définissant ladite amplitude et dont les positions respectives par rapport audit coupleur (CPi) définissent ladite phase.
- Satellite selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que ladite antenne d'émission et/ou de réception (A) comprend une multiplicité de sources d'émission et/ou de réception (Si) propres à délivrer et/ou recevoir chacune un faisceau selon une direction choisie, et des premiers moyens de contrôle (MC) agencés pour contrôler les premiers moyens de traitement (MTi), couplés auxdites sources d'émission et/ou de réception (Si), en fonction d'un schéma spatio-temporel choisi.
- Satellite selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de traitement (MTi) de chaque source d'émission et/ou de réception (Si) sont agencés pour dévier un faisceau ou ladite direction de réception de façon cyclique selon N directions différentes correspondant à N zones de couverture (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4), chaque faisceau étant dévié suivant l'une desdites N directions pendant une durée choisie égale au Nième de la durée du cycle.
- Satellite selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premiers moyens de contrôle (MTi) sont agencés pour ordonner auxdits moyens de traitement (MTi) de fonctionner simultanément et selon des cycles de durées égales, de manière à assurer une couverture multi-zones par sauts de zone.
- Utilisation du satellite selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans les bandes de fréquence de type Ku et/ou Ka.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0305300 | 2003-04-30 | ||
| FR0305300A FR2854503B1 (fr) | 2003-04-30 | 2003-04-30 | Satellite a couverture multi-zones assuree par deviation de faisceau |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1473799A1 true EP1473799A1 (fr) | 2004-11-03 |
| EP1473799B1 EP1473799B1 (fr) | 2021-03-24 |
| EP1473799B8 EP1473799B8 (fr) | 2021-04-28 |
Family
ID=32982335
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04291108.1A Expired - Lifetime EP1473799B8 (fr) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-04-29 | Satellite à couverture multi-zones assurée par deviation de faisceau |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7545315B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1473799B8 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4638865B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1781215B (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2523843C (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2854503B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004100306A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102832444A (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 云南银河之星科技有限公司 | 一种平面四环圆极化天线 |
| US8665036B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-03-04 | L-3 Communications | Compact tracking coupler |
| US9503131B2 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2016-11-22 | Mobile Sat Ltd | Antenna for receiving and/or transmitting polarized communication signals |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3806932A (en) * | 1972-06-15 | 1974-04-23 | Nat Aeronautic And Space Admin | Amplitude steered array |
| US6307507B1 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-10-23 | Motorola, Inc. | System and method for multi-mode operation of satellite phased-array antenna |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3267472A (en) * | 1960-07-20 | 1966-08-16 | Litton Systems Inc | Variable aperture antenna system |
| US3750175A (en) * | 1967-12-14 | 1973-07-31 | Texas Instruments Inc | Modular electronics communication system |
| US4283795A (en) * | 1979-10-03 | 1981-08-11 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Adaptive cross-polarization interference cancellation arrangements |
| DE3336452A1 (de) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-05-02 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Einrichtung zur verhinderung einer strahlungskeulenauslenkung bei einer fuer zirkularpolarisation vorgesehenen antenne mit einem gekruemmten reflektor und einem seitlich einstrahlenden primaerstrahler |
| CA1260609A (fr) | 1986-09-12 | 1989-09-26 | Her Majesty The Queen, In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Systeme d'alimentation multiband a large bande passante avec diversite de polarisation |
| US5619503A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1997-04-08 | Ericsson Inc. | Cellular/satellite communications system with improved frequency re-use |
| DE69530810T2 (de) * | 1994-03-21 | 2004-04-01 | Hughes Electronics Corp., El Segundo | Vereinfachte Nachführantenne |
| US5563609A (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1996-10-08 | Hughes Electronics | Antenna system with plural beam sequential offset |
| JP2787906B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-14 | 1998-08-20 | 日本電気株式会社 | 高次モード結合器 |
| US6366256B1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-02 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Multi-beam reflector antenna system with a simple beamforming network |
-
2003
- 2003-04-30 FR FR0305300A patent/FR2854503B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-04-29 EP EP04291108.1A patent/EP1473799B8/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-29 CN CN2004800116591A patent/CN1781215B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-29 US US10/554,953 patent/US7545315B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-29 CA CA2523843A patent/CA2523843C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-29 JP JP2006505824A patent/JP4638865B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-29 WO PCT/FR2004/001043 patent/WO2004100306A2/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3806932A (en) * | 1972-06-15 | 1974-04-23 | Nat Aeronautic And Space Admin | Amplitude steered array |
| US6307507B1 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-10-23 | Motorola, Inc. | System and method for multi-mode operation of satellite phased-array antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2854503B1 (fr) | 2006-12-15 |
| WO2004100306A2 (fr) | 2004-11-18 |
| US7545315B2 (en) | 2009-06-09 |
| US20060119504A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
| JP4638865B2 (ja) | 2011-02-23 |
| FR2854503A1 (fr) | 2004-11-05 |
| EP1473799B8 (fr) | 2021-04-28 |
| CA2523843A1 (fr) | 2004-11-18 |
| EP1473799B1 (fr) | 2021-03-24 |
| CA2523843C (fr) | 2012-03-27 |
| CN1781215B (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
| CN1781215A (zh) | 2006-05-31 |
| JP2006525709A (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
| WO2004100306A3 (fr) | 2005-01-13 |
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