EP1471160A1 - Cold-worked Steel Object - Google Patents
Cold-worked Steel Object Download PDFInfo
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- EP1471160A1 EP1471160A1 EP04450082A EP04450082A EP1471160A1 EP 1471160 A1 EP1471160 A1 EP 1471160A1 EP 04450082 A EP04450082 A EP 04450082A EP 04450082 A EP04450082 A EP 04450082A EP 1471160 A1 EP1471160 A1 EP 1471160A1
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- work tool
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000822 Cold-work tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000735 Pm alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstand. Näher präzisiert bezieht sich die Erfindung auf einen Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstand mit verbessertem Eigenschaftsprofil, insbesondere mit hoher Festigkeit sowie hoher Duktilität.The invention relates to a cold work tool steel article. More precisely refers the invention relates to a cold work tool steel article with improved Property profile, in particular with high strength and high ductility.
Für eine Kaltmassivumformung, beispielsweise mit Fließpressmatrizen und Stempel zur Herstellung von Bauteilen und auch für Schneidwerkzeuge mit zusätzlich hohen Anforderungen an die Werkstoffzähigkeit, wie Gewindebohrer und dergleichen, werden in der modernen Technik Gegenstände mit insgesamt hohem Material-Eigenschaftsniveau benötigt. Dies ergibt sich auch aus den Aufwendungen, die für die Wekzeugherstellung anfallen, weil eine komplizierte Geometrie eines zu fertigenden Bauteiles zumeist hohe Kosten für eine Werkzeugherstellung bedingen.For cold massive forming, for example with extrusion dies and punches for the production of components and also for cutting tools with additionally high Material toughness requirements, such as taps and the like, become in modern technology objects with altogether high Material property level needed. This also results from the Expenses incurred for the manufacture of tools because of a complicated Geometry of a component to be manufactured mostly high costs for a Tool manufacture condition.
Dieses Erfordernis ist in erster Linie im Hinblick auf eine verbesserte Wirtschaftlichkeit bei einer Großzahl-Herstellung von Bauteilen oder Komponenten zu sehen. Um die Gesamtkosten gering zu halten, soll somit für den jeweiligen Bedarfsfall eine Werkstoffauswahl für das Teil getroffen werden, welche auf Grund der Materialeigenschaften eine höchstmögliche Lebensdauer desselben erreichen lässt.This requirement is primarily with regard to an improved Profitability in a large number of production of components or components to see. In order to keep the total costs low, should thus for the respective If necessary, a choice of materials for the part to be made, based on the material properties to achieve the highest possible life of the same leaves.
Zur Verbesserung der Standzeit eines Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstandes im Einsatz mit insgesamt hoher Beanspruchung sind gleichermaßen die Materialeigenschaften Duktilität zur Verhinderung von Werkzeugbrüchen und Festigkeit zur Sicherung der Maßhaltigkeit auf ein hohes Niveau einzustellen und ein Verschleiß zu minimieren.To improve the service life of a cold work tool in use with Overall high stress are equally the material properties Ductility to prevent tool breakage and strength to secure the Adjust dimensional accuracy to a high level and minimize wear.
Erhöhte Beständigkeit gegen abrasiven Verschleiß weisen Eisenbasis-Werkstoffe mit hohem Karbidanteil, insbesondere mit hohem Monokarbidanteil in einer harten Matrix auf. Derartige Stähle besitzen zumeist einen hohen Kohlenstoffgehalt bis 2,5 Gew.-% bei einer Konzentration von monokarbidbildenden Elementen bis 15 Gew.-%, also einen hohen Primär-Karbidanteil, haben jedoch eine geringe Materialzähigkeit im thermisch vergüteten Zustand. Durch eine pulvermetallurgische Herstellung lässt sich die Gefügestruktur, insbesondere die Karbidgröße und die Karbidverteilung im Werkstoff des Gegenstandes verbessern, vielfach kann jedoch eine erforderliche Materialzähigkeit nicht erzielt werden.Increased resistance to abrasive wear is found in iron-based materials with a high carbide content, especially with a high monocarbide content in a hard one Matrix on. Such steels usually have a high carbon content of up to 2.5 Wt .-% at a concentration of monocarbide-forming elements to 15 Wt .-%, ie a high primary carbide content, but have a low Material toughness in the thermally tempered state. Through a powder metallurgical Production can be the microstructure, in particular the carbide size and the Carbide distribution in the material of the object improve, but many can a required material toughness can not be achieved.
Verbesserte Zähigkeitseigenschaften können bei typischen hochlegierten Schnellarbeitsstahl-Werkstoffen, zum Beispiel nach DlN Werkstoff No. 1.3351 bei pulvermetallurgischer Fertigung der Teile erzielt werden, jedoch reicht diese Zähigkeitserhöhung des Materials für besonders beanspruchte Gegenstände nicht aus, sodass im Langzeitbetrieb vielfach ein Ausfall durch Bruch derselben erfolgt.Improved toughness properties can be achieved with typical high alloy High-speed steel materials, for example according to DlN material no. 1.3351 at powder metallurgical production of the parts are achieved, but this is sufficient Toughening of the material for particularly stressed objects not out, so that in long-term operation often a failure by breaking the same occurs.
Ziel der Erfindung ist nun, einen Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstand zu schaffen, dessen Werkstoff bei hoher Verschleißbeständigkeit und Härte eine erhöhte Zähigkeit sowie eine dergleichen Druckfestigkeit besitzt und eine verbesserte Ermüdungsfestigkeit aufweist. Mit anderen Worten dargelegt: es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstand mit gleichzeitig hohen Festigkeits- und Duktilitäts-Werten zu kennzeichnen, welcher Gegenstand, insbesondere in einer Ausführungsform als Matrizen und Stempel, hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit bei einer Großzahlfertigung von Teilen erbringt.The aim of the invention is now to provide a cold work tool steel article whose Material with high wear resistance and hardness increased toughness as well has a similar compressive strength and improved fatigue strength having. In other words stated: It is an object of the invention, a Cold work steel object with at the same time high strength and Ductility values to identify what subject, especially in a Embodiment as matrices and stamp, high efficiency at a Large number production of parts yields.
Dieses Ziel wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstand mit einer
chemischen Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffes in Gew.-%:
sowie erschmelzungsbedingte Begleit- und Verunreinigungselemente als Rest, wobei der Werkstoff nach einem pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren hergestellt ist und nach einem thermischen Vergüten auf eine Härte von 64 HRC eine Schlagbiegearbeit bei Raumtemperatur von größer 40,0 Joule (J) besitzt, erreicht.as well as melting-related accompanying and impurity elements as remainder, wherein the material is produced by a powder metallurgy process, and after thermal quenching to a hardness of 64 HRC Blowing work at room temperature of greater than 40.0 Joule (J) possesses achieved.
Die mit der Erfindung erreichten Vorteile bestehen im Wesentlichen darin, dass eine Werkstoffzusammensetzung in engen Grenzen sowie eine pulvermetallurgische Herstellung synergetisch die Voraussetzungen für einen Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstand erstellen, welcher nach einem thermischen Vergüten ein gewünschtes Eigenschaftsprofil aufweist.The advantages achieved by the invention essentially consist in that a Material composition within narrow limits as well as a powder metallurgical Synergetic production conditions Create cold work steel object, which after a thermal annealing has a desired property profile.
In der chemischen Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffes sind die Aktivitäten der Legierungselemente im Hinblick auf eine Gefügeausbildung im vergüteten Zustand und auf geforderte Materialeigenschaften aufeinander wirkungskinetisch abgestimmt.In the chemical composition of the material are the activities of the Alloying elements with regard to a structural formation in the tempered state and on required material properties of each other kinetic activity Voted.
Der Kohlenstoffgehalt ist auf die Summe der Karbidbildner in der Legierung ausgerichtet, um einerseits Karbide zu formen und andererseits die Härtbarkeit und die gewünschten Eigenschaften der Matrix zu bestimmen. Konzentrationen von Kohlenstoff von mehr als 0,6 Gew.-% sind erforderlich, um bei den vorgesehenen Maximalgehalten der karbidbildenden Elemente beim Vergüten hohe Härtewerte der Matrix zu erreichen, hingegen sind Gehalte von geringer als 1,0 Gew.-% wichtig, um eine gewünschte Karbidmenge und Karbidmorphologie einzustellen.The carbon content is based on the sum of the carbide formers in the alloy aligned on the one hand to form carbides and on the other hand, the hardenability and to determine the desired properties of the matrix. Concentrations of Carbon of more than 0.6 wt% is required to be used at the intended time Maximum contents of the carbide - forming elements when tempering high hardness values In contrast, contents of less than 1.0% by weight are important to achieve to set a desired amount of carbide and carbide morphology.
Die karbidbildenden Elemente Chrom (Cr), Molybdän (Mo), Vanadin (V) und Wolfram (W) sind legierungstechnisch gemeinsam zu betrachten, weil deren Kohlenstoffaktivität, wie sich zeigte, in Summe die Zusammensetzung des Austenits- bzw. der kubisch-flächenzentrierten Atomstruktur bei Härtetemperatur und in der Folge die Matrixeigenschaften und die sekundären Karbid-Ausscheidungen nach einem mindestens einmaligen Anlassen bestimmen.The carbide-forming elements chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and Tungsten (W) are to be regarded as alloying together because their Carbon activity, as it turned out, in sum the composition of the Austenite or cubic face-centered atomic structure at hardening temperature and subsequently the matrix properties and the secondary ones Determine carbide precipitations after at least one annealing.
Dabei ist es wichtig, dass der Vanadin-Gehalt der Legierung in Gew.-% größer als 1,0, jedoch geringer als 2,9 ist, um einerseits ausreichend Monokarbide und andererseits genügend Sekundärhärtepotential darzustellen. Das Sekundärhärtepotential muss dabei mit einem Residual-Vanadin und den Gehalten der Elemente Molybdän (Mo) und Wolfram (W) gesehen werden, weil durch Konzentrationen in Gew.-% von 3,8 Molybdän (Mo), sowie 3,4 Wolfram (W) und größer bereits eine Verschlechterung der Matrixzähigkeit verursacht wird, wo hingegen größere Gehalte als 1,9 Molybdän (Mo) und 1,8 Wolfram (W) für eine vorteilhafte Vanadinmaskierung zur Vermeidung großer scharfkantiger Monokarbide erforderlich sind.It is important that the vanadium content of the alloy in wt .-% greater than 1.0, but less than 2.9, on the one hand sufficient monocarbides and on the other hand, to present sufficient secondary hardness potential. The Secondary hardness potential must be determined with a residual vanadium and the contents The elements molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) are seen because of Concentrations in wt .-% of 3.8 molybdenum (Mo), as well as 3.4 tungsten (W) and greater already causes a deterioration of matrix toughness, where however, larger than 1.9 molybdenum (Mo) and 1.8 tungsten (W) for a advantageous Vanadinmaskierung to avoid large sharp-edged monocarbides required are.
Für diese Wechselwirkung der Elemente kann es auch wichtig sein, dass der Molybdän-Gehalt um höchstens 10% größer ist als jener von Wolfram (W).For this interaction of the elements it can also be important that the Molybdenum content is at most 10% greater than that of tungsten (W).
Für eine Härteannahme und Durchhärtbarkeit des Werkstoffes sind die Elemente Chrom (Cr), Silizium (Si), Mangan (Mn) und in geringem Ausmaß Nickel (Ni) sowie Kobalt (Co) von Bedeutung.For hardening acceptance and hardenability of the material are the elements Chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), manganese (Mn) and to a lesser extent nickel (Ni) as well Cobalt (CO) is important.
Silizium-Gehalte von mehr als 0,3 Gew.-% sind zur Sicherstellung niedriger Sauerstoffgehalte im Material erforderlich. Weniger als 0,85 Gew.-% Silizium sollen in der Legierung vorgesehen sein, um einer Ferrit-stabilisierenden Wirkung und einer Verringerung der Härteannahme der Matrix durch dieses Element entgegenzuwirken.Silicon contents of more than 0.3 wt% are lower to ensure Oxygen levels in the material required. Less than 0.85 wt .-% silicon should be provided in the alloy to a ferrite-stabilizing effect and a reduction in the cure of the matrix by this element counteract.
Mangan als wichtiges, eine erforderliche Abkühlgeschwindigkeit bei der Härtung des Gegenstandes steuerndes Element, soll erfindungsgegemäß Gehalte im Werkstoff in Gew.-% von weniger als 1,5 aufweisen. Weil jedoch auch für eine Bindung Restschwefels in der Legierung geringe Mangankonzentrationen erforderlich sind, ist ein Minimalwert von größer als 0,2 Gew.-% vorzusehen.Manganese as important, a required cooling rate in the curing of the Subject-controlling element should, according to the invention contents in the material in wt .-% of less than 1.5. Because, however, for a bond Residual sulfur in the alloy low manganese concentrations are required to provide a minimum value greater than 0.2% by weight.
Um eine Martensitbildung bei der Abkühlung von einer Härtetemperatur nicht unerwünscht zu beeinflussen, sind Nickelgehalte im Werkstoff von weniger als 0,9 Gew.-% einzustellen.To avoid martensite formation on cooling from a hardening temperature undesirable influences are nickel contents in the material of less than 0.9 Adjust% by weight.
Kobalt ist zwar auch wirksam im Hinblick auf die anzuwendende Vergütetechnologie, jedoch wurde erfindungsgemäß diese Wirkung legierungstechnisch berücksichtigt. Für einen Erhalt einer hohen Härte durch Mischkristallverfestigung des Werkstoffes ist eine Konzentration in der Matrix von mehr als 3,8 und weniger als 5,8 Gew.-% Kobalt bedeutungsvoll. In den erfindungsgemäßen Grenzen wird durch Kobalt die Kinetik und die Größe von sekundären Karbidausscheidungen günstig im Hinblick auf die Materialeigenschaften beeinflusst. Es werden sehr feine, die Sekundärhärte darstellende Karbide gebildet und deren Vergröberungsneigung verringert, wodurch eine wesentlich verzögerte Entfestigung der vergüteten Legierung durch erhöhte Temperaturen erfolgt. Geringere Kobaltgehalte als 3,8 Gew.-% erniedrigen die Härte sowie die Dauerstandsfestigkeit des Materials. Kobaltwerte von 5,8 Gew.-% und höher vermindern wiederum besonders die Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes.Although cobalt is also effective in terms of the applicable tempering technology, However, according to the invention, this effect was taken into consideration by alloying technology. For obtaining a high hardness by solid solution hardening of the material is a concentration in the matrix of more than 3.8 and less than 5.8 wt% Cobalt meaningful. Cobalt in the limits according to the invention is the Kinetics and the size of secondary carbide precipitates favorable in terms influenced on the material properties. It will be very fine, the secondary hardness carbides are formed and reduces their coarsening tendency, thereby a significantly delayed softening of the quenched alloy by increased Temperatures are. Lower cobalt contents than 3.8% by weight lower the hardness as well as the fatigue strength of the material. Cobalt values of 5.8 wt .-% and in turn, the toughness of the material, in turn, decreases significantly.
Es ist bekannt, dass Aluminium teilweise als Substitutionselement für Kobalt fungieren kann und bei Schnellarbeitsstählen die Schneidleistung erhöht. Auf Grund einer Nitridbildungsneigung sowie einer einfachen Verdüsungstechnologie und einer niedrigen Stickstoffkonzentration im Metall von geringer als 0,2 Gew.-% wegen sollte der Aluminiumgehalt in der Legierung weniger als 0,045 Gew.-% betragen.It is known that aluminum partially as a substitution element for cobalt function and increase the cutting performance of high speed steels. On reason a nitriding tendency as well as a simple atomization technology and a low nitrogen concentration in the metal of less than 0.2 wt .-% because of the aluminum content in the alloy should be less than 0.045% by weight.
Sauerstoffkonzentrationen von größer als 0,012 Gew.-% erniedrigen, wie gefunden wurde, auch bei PM-Erzeugung die mechanischen Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäß zusammengesetzten Werkstoffes.Decrease oxygen concentrations greater than 0.012 wt .-%, as found was also the mechanical properties of the PM production Composite material according to the invention.
Durch Phosphorgehalte von über 0,03 Gew.-% wird die Herstellbarkeit verschlechtert.By phosphorus contents of over 0.03 wt .-%, the manufacturability deteriorated.
Für ein Erreichen von besonders vorteilhaften mechanischen Materialeigenschaften, insbesondere von hoher Festigkeit und Duktilität ist erfindungsgemäß eine pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung des Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstandes wichtig. Durch eine legierungstechnisch bewirkte Ausformung von im Wesentlichen runden primären Karbiden mit geringem Durchmesser und einem hohen Reinheitsgrad bei günstiger Gefügeausbildung des Werkstoffes war es möglich, eine üblicherweise von scharfkantigen Karbid- und Verunreinigungspartikeln ausgelöste Rissinitiation zu vermeiden. Derart ist bei hoher Materialhärte eine hohe Schlagbiegearbeit des Werkstoffes sowie eine günstige Ermüdungsfestigkeit des Stahl- Gegenstandes im Einsatz erreichbar.For achieving particularly advantageous mechanical Material properties, in particular of high strength and ductility According to the invention, a powder metallurgical production of the cold-work tool article important. Due to an alloying effect caused by im Essentially round primary carbides of small diameter and one high degree of purity with favorable microstructure of the material was possible, usually a sharp-edged carbide and Contamination particles triggered crack initiation to avoid. Such is at high Material hardness a high impact bending work of the material as well as a favorable Fatigue resistance of the steel object achievable in use.
Die Gebrauchseigenschaften eines Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstandes nach der
Erfindung können weiter gesteigert werden, wenn ein oder mehrere Element(e) im
Werkstoff in einer Konzentration in Gew.-% vorliegen von:
Von besonderem Vorteil für hohe Zähigkeitswerte und gute
Dauerstandseigenschaften des Gegenstandes ist, wenn ein oder mehrere
Verunreinigungselement(e) im Werkstoff eine Konzentration in Gew.-% aufweisen
von:
Die Reinheit und somit auch die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials, insbesondere die Zähigkeit, können gefördert werden, wenn das pulvermetallurgische Verfahren ein Verdüsen der Schmelze mit hochreinem Stickstoff zu Metallpulver mit einer Pulverkomgröße von höchstens 500 µm und in der Folge im Wesentlichen ein Einbringen des Pulvers unter Vermeidung von Sauerstoffzutritt in ein Gefäß und ein heißisostatisches Pressen des Metallpulvers im verschlossenen Gefäß zur Erstellung eines Rohlings umfasst.The purity and thus the mechanical properties of the material, especially the toughness, can be promoted if that powder metallurgical process an atomizing of the melt with highly pure Nitrogen to metal powder with a Pulverkomgröße of at most 500 microns and in the result essentially an introduction of the powder while avoiding Oxygen entry into a vessel and hot isostatic pressing of the metal powder in the closed vessel to create a blank comprises.
Für eine wirtschaftliche Fertigung eines Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstandes, aber auch der Materialeigenschaften wegen, kann es günstig sein, wenn der heißisostatisch gepresste Rohling durch Warmumformung weiterverarbeitet ist.For an economical production of a cold work tool, but also Because of the material properties, it can be beneficial if the hot isostatic pressed blank is further processed by hot forming.
Wenn, wie vorgesehen sein kann, der Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstand eine Druckfließgrenze von mehr als 2700 MPa, gemessen bei einer Härte von 61 HRC besitzt, sind höchst zuverlässige Fließpressmatrizen mit komplizierten feingliedrigen Formteilen herstellbar, welche auch im Langzeitbetrieb geringe Abnützung der Oberfläche und dergleichen Rissgefahr zeigen. If, as may be provided, the cold work tool object Compressive flow limit of more than 2700 MPa, measured at a hardness of 61 HRC owns, are highly reliable extrusion dies with intricate delicate Moldings produced, which even in long-term operation low wear of the Surface and the like show danger of cracking.
Von Vorteil für einen harten Prägeeinsatz mit stoßartiger Belastung im Langzeitbetrieb kann nach der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, dass der Kaltarbeitsstahl-Gegenstand nach einem thermischen Vergüten auf eine Härte von 64 HRC eine Schlagbiegearbeit bei Raumtemperatur von größer 80,0 Joule (J), vorzugsweise von größer 100 Joule (J ), besitzt.An advantage for a hard embossing insert with impact load in the Long-term operation can be provided according to the invention that the Cold work tool article after thermal quenching to a hardness of 64 HRC an impact work at room temperature greater than 80.0 joule (J), preferably greater than 100 joules (J).
lm Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand von wissenschaftlichen Erprobungen sowie Erprobungsergebnissen im Vergleich und Schlußfolgerungen erläutert werden.In the following, the invention based on scientific tests and Test results compared and conclusions are explained.
Zur Kennzeichnung des erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstandes wurde die Schlagbiegearbeit bei Raumtemperatur gemäß DlN 51222 von ungekerbten Proben 7 x 10 x 55 mm herangezogen, weil derartige Werte die genaue Beurteilung des Zähigkeitsverhaltens ermöglichen.For the identification of the article according to the invention was the Impact bending work at room temperature according to DIN 51222 of unnotched samples 7 x 10 x 55 mm, because such values are the exact assessment of the To enable toughness behavior.
Für eine Ermittlung der Bruchdehnung und der plastischen Arbeit aus dem statischen einachsigen Zugversuch wurden Sonderzugproben mit im Durchmesser verlaufend vergrößerten Einspannköpfen in Kugelform verwendet, wobei die Einspannvorrichtung in der Prüfmaschine der Kugelkopfgeometrie Rechnung trug. Derartige Untersuchungen sind in der Literatur ( 6th Intemational Tooling Conference, The Use of Tool Steels: Experience and Research, Karlstad University 10 - 13 September 2002 , Material Behaviour of Powder- Metallurgically Processed Tool Steels in Tensile and Bending Tests, Seite 169 -178) beschrieben.For a determination of the elongation at break and the plastic work from the static uniaxial tensile test were special tensile specimens with in diameter extending magnified clamping heads used in spherical shape, wherein the Clamping device in the testing machine the ball head geometry accounted for. Such investigations are in the literature (6th International Tooling Conference, The Use of Tool Steels: Experience and Research, Karlstad University 10 - 13 September 2002, Material Behavior of Powder - Metallurgically Processed Tool Steels in Tensile and Bending Tests, pages 169-178).
Die 0,2 % Stauchgrenze des Werkstoffes wurde im Druckversuch nach DIN 50106 bei Raumtemperatur ermittelt.The 0.2% compression limit of the material was tested in compression according to DIN 50106 determined at room temperature.
Eine Prüfung des Abrasionsverschleißes erfolgte mit SiC- Schleifpapier P 120.Abrasion wear was tested with SiC abrasive paper P 120.
Die Werkstoffprüfung verwendet unterschiedliche Methoden zur Charakterisierung von Festigkeit und Duktilität von metallischen Werkstoffen. Der wichtigste Versuch ist der einachsige Zugversuch. Mit diesem Versuch können wesentliche Festigkeitsund Duktilitätskennwerte bestimmt werden. Darüber hinaus erlaubt dieser Versuch Aussagen über das Verfestigungsverhalten der Werkstoffe unter einachsiger Zugbeanspruchung.Material testing uses different methods of characterization strength and ductility of metallic materials. The most important attempt is the uniaxial tensile test. With this experiment, essential strength and Ductility characteristics are determined. In addition, this experiment allows Statements about the hardening behavior of the materials under uniaxial Tensile stress.
In Fig. 1 ist die Bruchdehnung des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffes im Vergleich mit einem Schnellstahl HS-6-5-4 in Abhängigkeit von einer mit einer thermischen Vergütung eingestellten Materialhärte dargestellt, wobei die Prüfung unter Verwendung der oben beschriebenen Proben erfolgte.In Fig. 1, the elongation at break of the material according to the invention in comparison with a high speed steel HS-6-5-4 depending on one with a thermal Compensation set material hardness shown, taking the test under Use of the samples described above.
Die Bruchdehnung der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung liegt im gesamten Härtebereich der Werkstoffe höher als diejenige des Vergleichsstahles und weist insbesondere im oberen Härtebereich von 58 HRC bis 62 HRC eine bis 4mal höhere Bruchdehnung auf.The elongation at break of the alloy according to the invention lies throughout Hardness range of materials higher than that of the comparative steel and points especially in the upper hardness range from 58 HRC to 62 HRC one to four times higher Breaking strain on.
Die gegenüber dem Stand der Technik vorteilhafte Eigenschaftskombination von hoher Festigkeit und hoher Duktilität des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffes zeigt sich im Vergleich der plastischen Arbeit, welche aus dem statischen einachsigen Zugversuch ermittelt wird, besonders signifikant. Bei im Wesentlichen gleichem Anlaßzustand wurde am Werkstoff gemäß der Erfindung bei Raumtemperatur eine um etwa 20% höhere plastische Arbeit im Zugversuch bei einer Materialhärte von 63 HRC ermittelt. Bei einer Materialhärte von 61,5 HRC wurde eine Steigerung der plastischen Arbeit um etwa 50% festgestellt, wobei als Vergleichsmaterial die pulvermetallurgisch hergestellten Schnellarbeitsstähle HS-10-2-5-8-PM und HS-6-5-3-PM herangezogen wurden.The advantageous over the prior art property combination of high strength and high ductility of the material according to the invention is evident in comparison of the plastic work, which from the static uniaxial Tensile test is determined, especially significant. At substantially the same Starting condition was at the material according to the invention at room temperature a about 20% higher plastic work in the tensile test with a material hardness of 63 HRC determined. At a material hardness of 61.5 HRC, an increase in the plastic work by about 50%, using as comparison material the powder-metallurgically produced high speed steels HS-10-2-5-8-PM and HS-6-5-3-PM were used.
Neben der herausragenden Eigenschaftskombination von Festigkeit und Duktilität, welche oben gezeigt wurde, verfügt die erfindungsgemäße Legierung über eine sehr gute abrasive Verschleißfestigkeit, welche im SiC-Schleifpapiertest ermittelt wurde. Diese Eigenschaft wurde trotz eines gegenüber in diesem Anwendungsfeld verwendeten Standard-PM-Legierungen verminderten Primärkarbidgehaltes erzielt.In addition to the outstanding property combination of strength and ductility, which has been shown above, the alloy according to the invention has a very high good abrasive wear resistance, which was determined in the SiC sandpaper test. This property was despite one opposite in this application field Standard PM alloys used achieved reduced primary carbide content.
Der mittlere Verschleißwert beträgt für die angegebenen Legierungen einen Wert von 7g-1bei einer Härte von 61 HRC.The mean wear value for the specified alloys is 7g -1 at a hardness of 61 HRC.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT04450082T ATE340878T1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-01 | COLD WORK STEEL ITEM |
| SI200430119T SI1471160T1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-01 | Cold-worked Steel Object |
| PL04450082T PL1471160T3 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-01 | Cold-worked Steel Object |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT6272003 | 2003-04-24 | ||
| AT0062703A AT412000B (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Cold-worked steel with greater strength and increased ductility, used for, e.g., pressing tools and forgings, has specified composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1471160A1 true EP1471160A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
| EP1471160B1 EP1471160B1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
Family
ID=30120896
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04450082A Expired - Lifetime EP1471160B1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-01 | Cold-worked Steel Object |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7682417B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1471160B1 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR044020A1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT412000B (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0401477B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2465146C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE502004001560D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1471160T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2274414T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP20060447T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL1471160T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1471160E (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2270879C2 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI1471160T1 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA81396C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2233596A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-29 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG | Cold worked steel object |
| WO2022157227A1 (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-07-28 | Voestalpine Böhler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for producing a tool steel as a carrier for pvd coatings and a tool steel |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106191668A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-12-07 | 程叙毅 | A kind of exhaust valve seat loop material and preparation method |
| CN106191695A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-12-07 | 程叙毅 | A kind of antiwear heat resisting alloy material and preparation method |
| CN105925898A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-09-07 | 程叙毅 | Intake valve seat ring material and preparing method |
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| JP4281857B2 (en) * | 2001-08-09 | 2009-06-17 | 株式会社不二越 | Sintered tool steel and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-04-24 AT AT0062703A patent/AT412000B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-03-16 UA UA2004031961A patent/UA81396C2/en unknown
- 2004-04-01 PL PL04450082T patent/PL1471160T3/en unknown
- 2004-04-01 EP EP04450082A patent/EP1471160B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-01 DK DK04450082T patent/DK1471160T3/en active
- 2004-04-01 SI SI200430119T patent/SI1471160T1/en unknown
- 2004-04-01 PT PT04450082T patent/PT1471160E/en unknown
- 2004-04-01 ES ES04450082T patent/ES2274414T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-01 AT AT04450082T patent/ATE340878T1/en active
- 2004-04-01 DE DE502004001560T patent/DE502004001560D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-15 AR ARP040101267A patent/AR044020A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-22 BR BRPI0401477-4A patent/BRPI0401477B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-23 US US10/830,003 patent/US7682417B2/en active Active
- 2004-04-23 CA CA002465146A patent/CA2465146C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-23 RU RU2004112557/02A patent/RU2270879C2/en active
-
2006
- 2006-12-19 HR HR20060447T patent/HRP20060447T3/en unknown
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62250158A (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-31 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Steel for hot forging die |
| JPH03236445A (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1991-10-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Cold tool steel |
| JPH04180541A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-06-26 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Cold-working tool steel excellent in machinability |
| JPH06246338A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1994-09-06 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Production of large die for extruding light alloy and the like |
| EP0648851A1 (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-04-19 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Sulfur-containing powder-metallurgy tool steel article and its method of manufacture |
| US5522914A (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1996-06-04 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Sulfur-containing powder-metallurgy tool steel article |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2233596A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-29 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG | Cold worked steel object |
| WO2022157227A1 (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-07-28 | Voestalpine Böhler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for producing a tool steel as a carrier for pvd coatings and a tool steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SI1471160T1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| PT1471160E (en) | 2007-01-31 |
| RU2270879C2 (en) | 2006-02-27 |
| AT412000B (en) | 2004-08-26 |
| PL1471160T3 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| CA2465146A1 (en) | 2004-10-24 |
| UA81396C2 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
| ATA6272003A (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| HRP20060447T3 (en) | 2007-03-31 |
| US7682417B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
| CA2465146C (en) | 2008-04-08 |
| AR044020A1 (en) | 2005-08-24 |
| EP1471160B1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
| DE502004001560D1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
| ATE340878T1 (en) | 2006-10-15 |
| DK1471160T3 (en) | 2007-01-29 |
| BRPI0401477B1 (en) | 2013-05-28 |
| ES2274414T3 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
| RU2004112557A (en) | 2005-10-27 |
| BRPI0401477A (en) | 2005-01-18 |
| US20050002819A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
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