EP1466308B1 - Sensor arrangement - Google Patents

Sensor arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1466308B1
EP1466308B1 EP02793094A EP02793094A EP1466308B1 EP 1466308 B1 EP1466308 B1 EP 1466308B1 EP 02793094 A EP02793094 A EP 02793094A EP 02793094 A EP02793094 A EP 02793094A EP 1466308 B1 EP1466308 B1 EP 1466308B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
signal
transmitter
output signal
output
electronic unit
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1466308A1 (en
Inventor
Elmar Pfündlin
Georg Schneider
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/02—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transmitter with a transducer, which serves to detect a physical quantity to be measured and converted into an electrical variable, a signal preprocessing, which serves to convert the electrical variable into a raw signal, a signal processing, which serves the raw signal into a measurement signal and an output stage for outputting an output signal corresponding to the measurement signal
  • a plurality of transmitters e.g. Pressure, temperature, flow and / or level transmitter, in use.
  • a transmitter typically consists of a transducer which senses and converts a physical quantity into an electrical quantity, and electronics which convert the electrical quantity into a measurement signal which is then output by an output stage in the form of an output signal.
  • the measuring signals are usually transmitted from a higher-level unit, e.g. a control and / or regulating unit detected.
  • the higher-level unit supplies display, control and / or control signals for the control, control and / or automation of a process as a function of the instantaneous measured values. Examples include programmable logic controllers (PLC), process control systems (PCS) or personal computer (PC).
  • PLC programmable logic controllers
  • PCS process control systems
  • PC personal computer
  • the physical size is detected by the transducer and converted by means of a signal preprocessing into a raw signal. From the raw signal, the measuring signal is obtained in a signal processing and fed to an output stage which outputs a corresponding output signal.
  • U.S. Patent 4,804,958 discloses a transmitter having a sensor excited by an excitation device, the output of the sensor being a function of the measurand of the sensor and the excitation signal.
  • the transmitter further has an output device connected to the sensor output for outputting a sound signal for a two-wire circuit, wherein the current signal is a function of the sensor output signal.
  • an unnoticed change in the excitation of the sensor would cause a sensor output that does not accurately reflect the measurand to be detected.
  • the sensor output signal or raw signal is compared to a threshold value, the threshold value corresponding to a raw signal value which is generated in response to an undesired change in the excitation signal.
  • the circuit described is suitable for identifying a faulty raw signal, but does not recognize a faulty processing of the raw signal.
  • the publication WO 01/03098 A1 discloses a transmitter in which a raw signal is digitized and then processed in a computing unit to a setpoint which is finally converted to an analog output signal in which the output signal is detected, digitized and then fed to a computation unit which detects a deviation between the output signal and the output signal the target value determined.
  • the measurement error of the transmitter in the implementation of the digital target value in the analog output signal can thus be determined, displayed and optionally corrected in the arithmetic unit.
  • the transmitter described is not able to detect errors in the conversion of a preprocessed raw signal to the digital setpoint value A.
  • the publication WO 88/01417 A discloses a two-wire transmitter in which corrections for zero point, span and linearity are provided in the form of analog correction signals from a digital circuit having a microprocessor and a digital analogue converter.
  • the microprocessor controls the digital to analogue converter as a function of the stored digital correction values to provide the analogue correction signals used by the analogue signal processing by the magnitude of the signal current.
  • the current controller compares a signal voltage output via an integrator with a reference voltage, wherein the integrator integrates pulse-width-modulated signals of the digital analog converter.
  • a feedback circuit is provided, the feedback signals of which are fed back to the integrator in order to be able to correct deviations of the current controller.
  • the feedback signal is supplied to a comparator, which compares the feedback signal with the reference voltage and outputs signals representative of the zero point and full scale of the current signal to the microprocessor so that it can readjust corresponding values.
  • the current controller is readjusted by feedback so that it correctly converts the integrator signal. Furthermore, it is checked whether zero point and span actually correspond to the desired value. Whether a preprocessed raw signal is actually transmitted correctly can not be stated with certainty.
  • microprocessors are often used for signal processing and, for example, to implement customer-specific transfer function.
  • problems can occur e.g. due to hidden software errors that can lead to erroneous output signals or even to a freezing of the output signal in the worst case.
  • the transmitter has an electronic unit which serves to process the supplied measuring signal according to an application-specific transfer function.
  • an adjustment of a zero point and a scaling of the measurement signal is performed by the application-specific transfer function.
  • the monitoring unit has a second electronic unit
  • the transfer function is stored in a memory assigned to the unit
  • the second electronic unit derives the auxiliary signal from the raw signal during operation by processing the raw signal according to the application-specific transfer function, and compares this processed raw signal with the output signal.
  • the safety-oriented adjustment of the output signal is an alarm signal.
  • the invention consists in a method for starting a transmitter with a first and a second electronic unit, in which the transfer function is supplied by the user via a communication interface of the first electronic unit or a transmission function present in the transmitter is selected, the transfer function once via a data line is transmitted from the first to the second electronic unit, and stored in a memory associated with the second electronic unit.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a transmitter according to the invention.
  • the transmitter has a transducer 1, which serves to detect a physical quantity X and convert it into an electrical variable.
  • This can be, for example, a pressure, temperature, flow or level sensor.
  • the physical measured quantity X acts on the measuring transducer 1 and this emits a current measured value of the physical quantity X corresponding electrical variable, which is supplied to a signal preprocessing 3.
  • the signal preprocessing 3 serves to convert the electrical variable into a raw signal R, which is then available for further processing and / or evaluation.
  • the electrical size for example, amplified and / or filtered.
  • the raw signal R is converted by a subsequent signal processing 4 into a measurement signal M.
  • a subsequent signal processing 4 is e.g. a compensation of a possible temperature dependence of the raw signal made.
  • corrections and changes e.g. result from measuring transducer-specific characteristics or compensation and / or calibration data.
  • the measuring signal M is applied to an electronic unit 5, e.g. a microprocessor which processes the measurement signal M according to an application-specific transfer function F, to.
  • an electronic unit 5 e.g. a microprocessor which processes the measurement signal M according to an application-specific transfer function F, to.
  • F application-specific transfer function
  • a user-desired zero point of the physical quantity and a scaling of the measured value e.g. in the form of a measurement range specification or a unit in which a measurement result is to be output.
  • the processed according to the transfer function F measurement signal M is applied to an output stage 7, which outputs a measurement signal M corresponding output signal.
  • An output signal may e.g. a current corresponding to a current measured value, a voltage corresponding to the current measured value or a digital signal.
  • the output signal is a current I (X) varying as a function of the physical quantity X.
  • a Monitoring unit 9 Parallel to the signal processing path formed by the signal processing 4, the electronic unit 5 and the output stage 7 is a Monitoring unit 9 is provided.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a structure of the monitoring unit. 9
  • the monitoring unit 9 has a first input to which the raw signal R is applied.
  • the monitoring unit 9 compares the output signal with a derived from the raw signal R auxiliary signal H and causes a safety-oriented adjustment of the output signal when a deviation between the output signal and the raw signal R exceeds a predetermined frame.
  • the raw signal R is of course less accurate than the output signal. Therefore, it is preferable to define a tolerable deviation between the auxiliary signal H and the output signal, which may occur due to the different accuracies of the two signals. If the deviation between the two signals exceeds this limit, then there is a malfunction which is recognized immediately by the transmitter designed according to the invention. Accordingly, the transmitter can make a safety-related adjustment of the output signal on its own.
  • the operator is warned by the transmitter and it is ensured that no major damage is done until the fault is rectified.
  • a resistor 10 via which the output signal is tapped and the monitoring unit 9 is supplied.
  • the monitoring unit 9 has a measuring circuit 11 in which the output signal is detected and fed to a comparator 13.
  • the monitoring unit 9 also has an electronic unit 15, e.g. a second microprocessor, which in operation derives the auxiliary signal H from the raw signal R by processing the raw signal R according to the application-specific transfer function F.
  • the electronic unit 15 compares the thus obtained auxiliary signal H with the current output signal.
  • the electronic unit 15 is associated with a memory 17, in which the transfer function F is stored.
  • the transfer function F is supplied by the user via a communication interface of the first electronic unit 5 in the signal processing branch.
  • a transfer function available in the transmitter can also be selected by the user. This can be done, for example, by a menu via which different measuring ranges, signal output modes, units in which the measured value is to be specified, etc. can be selected.
  • the communication interface is in Fig. 1 only symbolically drawn in the form of an arrow. Although it is referred to herein as a communication interface, in some transmitters, a simple unidirectional transmission of the transfer function F to the electronic unit 5 may be sufficient. This does not necessarily happen via a separate interface, it can also be supplied via the lines via which the transmitter is supplied and / or via which the output signal is output.
  • the transfer function F is transmitted once only via a data line 19 from the first to the second electronic unit 5, 15 and stored in a memory 17 associated with the second electronic unit 15.
  • a transmitter In a transmitter according to the invention, the entire signal processing branch is monitored. Any kind of errors occurring here are immediately recognized and the transmitter automatically reacts in a safety-oriented manner.
  • the electronic unit 15 of the monitoring unit 9 via the output stage 7 causes a corresponding setting.
  • the monitoring unit 9 act directly on the output signal. In the described current output, this could, for example, be such that the monitoring unit 9 acts on the output signal between the output stage and the resistor 10 in such a way that it assumes the desired safety-oriented setting. This is shown in the figures by a dashed line.
  • a safety-related adjustment of the output signal can e.g. be an alarm signal.
  • an alarm signal e.g. consist in that the current is regulated to a value that it does not occupy under normal conditions of measurement. If the currents corresponding to the current measured value lie between 4 mA and 20 mA during fault-free operation, then currents above 20 mA or below 4 mA may have the meaning of an alarm.
  • a safety-related setting may, of course, also mean that an output signal is set which corresponds to a measured value in which the least possible damage is caused by the malfunctioning transmitter.
  • a safety-related setting can consist in that the transmitter, which has detected its malfunction, regardless of the filling state reports that the container is full, so that no more filling material is filled. This prevents the container from overflowing.
  • the output signal preferably has an alarm signal superimposed on it.

Abstract

A measurement detector (1) detects a physical measured variable (X) and converts it into an electrical variable. A signal pre-processor (3) reshapes the electrical variable into a crude signal (R). A signal processor (4) converts the crude signal into a test signal (M). An output stage (7) transmits an output signal to correspond to the test signal in order to identify errors occurring during the processing of the crude signal. An Independent claim is also included for a method for starting up a transmitter.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Transmitter mit einem Meßaufnehmer, der dazu dient eine physikalische Meßgröße zu erfassen und in eine elektrische Größe umzuwandeln, einer Signalvorverarbeitung, die dazu dient, die elektrische Größe in ein Rohsignal umzuformen, eine Signalverarbeitung, die dazu dient das Rohsignal in ein Meßsignal umzuwandeln, und einer Ausgangsstufe, die dazu dient ein dem Meßsignal entsprechendes Ausgangssignal abzugebenThe invention relates to a transmitter with a transducer, which serves to detect a physical quantity to be measured and converted into an electrical variable, a signal preprocessing, which serves to convert the electrical variable into a raw signal, a signal processing, which serves the raw signal into a measurement signal and an output stage for outputting an output signal corresponding to the measurement signal

Bei in der Meß- und Regeltechnik üblichen Anwendungen, z.B. bei der Kontrolle, Steuerung und/oder Automatisierung komplexer Prozesse, sind üblicherweise eine Vielzahl von Transmittern, z.B. Druck-, Temperatur-, Durchfluß- und/oder Füilstandstransmitter, im Einsatz.In typical applications in measurement and control, e.g. in the control, control and / or automation of complex processes, are usually a plurality of transmitters, e.g. Pressure, temperature, flow and / or level transmitter, in use.

Ein Transmitter besteht in der Regel aus einem Meßaufnehmer, der eine physikalische Meßgröße erfaßt und in eine elektrische Größe umwandelt, und einer Elektronik, die die elektrische Größe in ein Meßsignal umwandelt, das dann von einer Ausgangsstufe in Form eines Ausgangssignals ausgegeben wird.A transmitter typically consists of a transducer which senses and converts a physical quantity into an electrical quantity, and electronics which convert the electrical quantity into a measurement signal which is then output by an output stage in the form of an output signal.

Die Meßsignale werden üblicherweise von einer übergeordneten Einheit, z.B. einer Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit, erfaßt. Die übergeordnete Einheit liefert in Abhängigkeit von den momentanen Meßwerten Anzeige-, Steuer- und/oder Regelsignale für die Kontrolle, Steuerung und/oder Automatisierung eines Prozesses. Beispiele hierfür sind speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen (SPS), Prozeßleitsysteme (PLS) oder Personalcomputer (PC).The measuring signals are usually transmitted from a higher-level unit, e.g. a control and / or regulating unit detected. The higher-level unit supplies display, control and / or control signals for the control, control and / or automation of a process as a function of the instantaneous measured values. Examples include programmable logic controllers (PLC), process control systems (PCS) or personal computer (PC).

Bei herkömmlichen Transmitem wird die physikalische Größe vom Meßaufnehmer erfaßt und mittels einer Signalvorverarbeitung in ein Rohsignal umgewandelt.
Aus dem Rohsignal wird in einer Signalverarbeitung das Meßsignal gewonnen und einer Ausgangsstufe zugeführt, die ein entsprechendes Ausgangssignal abgibt.In conventional Transmitem the physical size is detected by the transducer and converted by means of a signal preprocessing into a raw signal.
From the raw signal, the measuring signal is obtained in a signal processing and fed to an output stage which outputs a corresponding output signal.

US Patent 4,804,958 offenbart einen Transmitter mit einem Sensor, der von einer Anregungsvorrichtung angeregt wird, wobei das Ausgangssignal des Sensors eine Funktion der Messgröße des Sensors und des Anregungssignals ist. Der Transmitter hat ferner eine Ausgangsvorrichtung, die mit dem Sensorausgang verbunden ist zur Ausgabe eines Tonsignals für eine Zweidrahtschaltung, wobei das Stromsignal eine Funktion des Sensorausgangssignals ist. Eine unbemerkte Änderung der Anregung des Sensors würde jedoch ein Sensorausgangssignal verursachen, dass die zu erfassende Messgröße nicht korrekt wiedergibt. Um einen solchen Fehler zu erkennen, wird das Sensorausgangssignal bzw. das Rohsignal mit einem Schwellwert verglichen, wobei der Schwellwert einem Rohsignalwert entspricht, welche in Antwort auf eine unerwünschte Änderung des Anregungssignals erzeugt wird. Insoweit ist die beschriebene Schaltung geeignet, ein fehlerhaftes Rohsignal zu identifizieren, sie erkennt aber nicht eine fehlerhafte Verarbeitung des Rohsignals. U.S. Patent 4,804,958 discloses a transmitter having a sensor excited by an excitation device, the output of the sensor being a function of the measurand of the sensor and the excitation signal. The transmitter further has an output device connected to the sensor output for outputting a sound signal for a two-wire circuit, wherein the current signal is a function of the sensor output signal. However, an unnoticed change in the excitation of the sensor would cause a sensor output that does not accurately reflect the measurand to be detected. To detect such an error, the sensor output signal or raw signal is compared to a threshold value, the threshold value corresponding to a raw signal value which is generated in response to an undesired change in the excitation signal. In that regard, the circuit described is suitable for identifying a faulty raw signal, but does not recognize a faulty processing of the raw signal.

Die Offenlegungsschrift WO 01/03098 A1 offenbart einen Transmitter, in dem ein Rohsignal digitalisiert und anschließend in einer Recheneinheit zu einem Sollwert aufbereitet wird, der schließlich in ein analoges Ausgangssignal umgewandelt wird, bei welchem das Ausgangssignal erfasst, digitalisiert und dann einer Recheneinheit zugeführt wird, welche eine Abweichung zwischen dem Ausgangssignal und dem Soll Wert ermittelt. Der Messfehler des Messumformers bei der Umsetzung des digitalen Soll Wertes in das analoge Ausgangssignal kann somit ermittelt, angezeigt und gegebenenfalls in der Recheneinheit korrigiert werden. Der beschriebene Transmitter ist jedoch nicht in der Lage, Fehler bei der Wandlung eines vorverarbeiteten Rohsignals zum digitalen Soll Wert A zu erkennen.The publication WO 01/03098 A1 discloses a transmitter in which a raw signal is digitized and then processed in a computing unit to a setpoint which is finally converted to an analog output signal in which the output signal is detected, digitized and then fed to a computation unit which detects a deviation between the output signal and the output signal the target value determined. The measurement error of the transmitter in the implementation of the digital target value in the analog output signal can thus be determined, displayed and optionally corrected in the arithmetic unit. However, the transmitter described is not able to detect errors in the conversion of a preprocessed raw signal to the digital setpoint value A.

Die Offenlegungsschrift WO 88/01417 A offenbart einen Zweidrahttransmitter, bei dem Korrekturen für den Null Punkt, die Spanne und die Linearität in Form von analogen Korrektursignalen von einem digitalen Schaltkreis mit einem Mikroprozessor und einem Digitalanalogwandier bereit gestellt werden. Der Mikroprozessor steuert den Digitalanalogwandler als eine Funktion der gespeicherten digitalen Korrekturwerte, um die analogen Korrektursignale, welche von der analogen Signalverarbeitung verwendet werden um die Größe des Signalstroms zu stellen. Der Stromsteller vergleicht dabei eine über einen Integrator ausgegebene Signalspannung mit einer Referenzspannung, wobei der Integrator pulsbreitenmodulierte Signale des Digitalanalogwandlers integriert. Zur Überwachung des Signalstroms ist ein Rückkopplungsschaltkreis vorgesehen, dessen Rückkopplungssignale wieder dem Integrator zugeführt wird, um Abweichungen des Stromstellers korrigieren zu können.The publication WO 88/01417 A discloses a two-wire transmitter in which corrections for zero point, span and linearity are provided in the form of analog correction signals from a digital circuit having a microprocessor and a digital analogue converter. The microprocessor controls the digital to analogue converter as a function of the stored digital correction values to provide the analogue correction signals used by the analogue signal processing by the magnitude of the signal current. The current controller compares a signal voltage output via an integrator with a reference voltage, wherein the integrator integrates pulse-width-modulated signals of the digital analog converter. For monitoring the signal current, a feedback circuit is provided, the feedback signals of which are fed back to the integrator in order to be able to correct deviations of the current controller.

Weiterhin wird das Rückkopplungssignal einem Komparator zugeführt, welcher das Rückkopplungssignal mit der Referenzspannung vergleicht und signale Signale, die den Nullpunkt und den Vollausschlag des Stromsignals repräsentieren, an den Mikroprozessor ausgibt, so dass dieser entsprechende Werte nachregeln kann.Further, the feedback signal is supplied to a comparator, which compares the feedback signal with the reference voltage and outputs signals representative of the zero point and full scale of the current signal to the microprocessor so that it can readjust corresponding values.

Im Ergebnis wird der Stromsteller durch Feedback nachgeregelt, so dass er das Integratorsignal richtig umsetzt. Weiterhin wird überprüft, ob Nullpunkt und Spanne tatsächlich dem Sollwert entsprechen. Ob ein vorverarbeitetes Rohsignal tatsächlich korrekt übertragen wird, kann damit nicht mit Sicherheit angegeben werden.As a result, the current controller is readjusted by feedback so that it correctly converts the integrator signal. Furthermore, it is checked whether zero point and span actually correspond to the desired value. Whether a preprocessed raw signal is actually transmitted correctly can not be stated with certainty.

Bei der Aufbereitung des vorerarbeiteten Rohsignals können Fehler auftreten, die bei herkömmlichen Transmittern unerkannt bleiben.In the preparation of the pre-processed raw signal errors may occur that go unnoticed in conventional transmitters.

Bei heutigen Transmittern werden häufig Mikroprozessoren zur Signalverarbeitung und beispielsweise zur Umsetzung von kundenspezifischen Übertragungsfunktion eingesetzt. Beim Einsatz von Software können Probleme z.B. aufgrund von versteckten Softwarefehlern auftreten, die zu fehlerhaften Ausgangssignalen oder im schlimmsten Fall sogar zu einem Einfrieren des Ausgangssignals führen können.In today's transmitters microprocessors are often used for signal processing and, for example, to implement customer-specific transfer function. When using software, problems can occur e.g. due to hidden software errors that can lead to erroneous output signals or even to a freezing of the output signal in the worst case.

Es ist eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Transmitter anzugeben, bei dem Fehler, die bei der Verarbeitung des Rohsignals auftreten, erkannt werden.It is an object of the invention to provide a transmitter in which errors occurring in the processing of the raw signal are detected.

Hierzu besteht die Erfindung in einem Transmitter mit

  • einem Meßaufnehmer,
  • der dazu dient eine physikalische Meßgröße zu erfassen und in eine elektrische Größe umzuwandeln,
  • einer Signalvorverarbeitung, die dazu dient, die elektrische Größe in ein Rohsignal umzuformen,
  • einer Signalverarbeitung, die dazu dient das Rohsignal in ein Meßsignal umzuwandeln,
  • einer Ausgangsstufe, die dazu dient ein dem Meßsignal entsprechendes Ausgangssignal abzugeben, und
  • einer Überwachungseinheit,
  • die im Betrieb das Ausgangssignal mit einem aus dem Rohsignal abgeleiteten Hilfssignal vergleicht und eine sicherheitsgerichtete Einstellung des Ausgangssignal auslöst, wenn eine Abweichung zwischen dem Ausgangssignal und dem Hilfssignal einen vorbestimmten Rahmen überschreitet.
For this purpose, the invention in a transmitter with
  • a transducer,
  • which is used to detect a physical quantity to be measured and converted into an electrical quantity,
  • a signal preprocessing, which serves to transform the electrical quantity into a raw signal,
  • a signal processing, which serves to convert the raw signal into a measuring signal,
  • an output stage for outputting an output signal corresponding to the measurement signal, and
  • a monitoring unit,
  • which in operation compares the output signal with an auxiliary signal derived from the raw signal and triggers a safety-related adjustment of the output signal when a deviation between the output signal and the auxiliary signal exceeds a predetermined frame.

Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung gibt die Ausgangsstufe ein analoges Ausgangssignal ab,

  • -- das über einen Widerstand abgegriffen wird,
  • -- das der Überwachungseinheit zugeführt wird, und
  • -- das in der Überwachungseinheit mittels einer Meßschaltung erfaßt wird.
According to one embodiment, the output stage outputs an analog output signal,
  • - that is tapped via a resistor,
  • - Which is supplied to the monitoring unit, and
  • - Which is detected in the monitoring unit by means of a measuring circuit.

Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung weist der Transmitter eine elektronische Einheit auf, die dazu dient das zugeführte Meßsignal gemäß einer anwendungsspezifischen Übertragungsfunktion zu verarbeiten.According to one embodiment, the transmitter has an electronic unit which serves to process the supplied measuring signal according to an application-specific transfer function.

Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung wird durch die anwendungsspezifische Übertragungsfunktion eine Einstellung eines Nullpunkts und eine Skalierung des Meßsignales vorgenommen.According to one embodiment, an adjustment of a zero point and a scaling of the measurement signal is performed by the application-specific transfer function.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung weist die Überwachungseinheit eine zweite elektronische Einheit auf, die Übertragungsfunktion ist in einem der Einheit zugeordneten Speicher abgelegt, die zweite elektronische Einheit leitet im Betrieb das Hilfssignal aus dem Rohsignal ab, indem sie das Rohsignal gemäß der anwendungsspezifischen Übertragungsfunktion verarbeitet, und vergleicht das verarbeitete Rohsignal mit dem Ausgangssignal.According to a development, the monitoring unit has a second electronic unit, the transfer function is stored in a memory assigned to the unit, the second electronic unit derives the auxiliary signal from the raw signal during operation by processing the raw signal according to the application-specific transfer function, and compares this processed raw signal with the output signal.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung ist die sicherheitsgerichtete Einstellung des Ausgangssignals ein Alarmsignal.According to a development, the safety-oriented adjustment of the output signal is an alarm signal.

Weiter besteht die Erfindung in einem Verfahren zur Inbetriebnahme eines Transmitters mit einer ersten und einer zweiten elektronischen Einheit, bei dem die Übertragungsfunktion vom Anwender über eine Kommunikationsschnittstelle der ersten elektronischen Einheit zugeführt wird oder eine im Transmitter vorhandene Übertragungsfunktion ausgewählt wird, die Übertragungsfunktion einmalig über eine Datenleitung vom der ersten zu der zweiten elektronischen Einheit übertragen wird, und in einem der zweiten elektronischen Einheit zugeordneten Speicher abgelegt wird.Further, the invention consists in a method for starting a transmitter with a first and a second electronic unit, in which the transfer function is supplied by the user via a communication interface of the first electronic unit or a transmission function present in the transmitter is selected, the transfer function once via a data line is transmitted from the first to the second electronic unit, and stored in a memory associated with the second electronic unit.

Die Erfindung und weitere Vorteile werden nun anhand der Figuren der Zeichnung, in denen ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Transmitters dargestellt sind, näher erläutert; gleiche Elemente sind in den Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.

Fig. 1
zeigt ein Blockschaltild eines erfindungsgemäßen Transmitters; und
Fig. 2
zeigt die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Überwachungseinheit.
The invention and further advantages will now be explained in more detail with reference to the figures of the drawing, in which an embodiment of a transmitter are shown; the same elements are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
Fig. 1
shows a block diagram of a transmitter according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
shows the in Fig. 1 illustrated monitoring unit.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild eines erfindungsgemäßen Transmitters. Der Transmitter weist einen Meßaufnehmer 1 auf, der dazu dient eine physikalische Meßgröße X zu erfassen und in eine elektrische Größe umzuwandeln. Dies kann z.B. ein Druck-, Temperatur-, Durchfluß- oder ein Füllstandssensor sein. Die physikalische Meßgröße X wirkt auf den Meßaufnehmer 1 ein und dieser gibt eine einem aktuellen Meßwert der physikalischen Größe X entsprechende elektrische Größe ab, die einer Signalvorverarbeitung 3 zugeführt ist. Die Signalvorverarbeitung 3 dient dazu, die elektrische Größe in ein Rohsignal R umzuformen, das dann zu einer weiteren Verarbeitung und/oder Auswertung zur Verfügung steht. Hierzu wird die elektrische Größe z.B. verstärkt und/oder gefiltert. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a transmitter according to the invention. The transmitter has a transducer 1, which serves to detect a physical quantity X and convert it into an electrical variable. This can be, for example, a pressure, temperature, flow or level sensor. The physical measured quantity X acts on the measuring transducer 1 and this emits a current measured value of the physical quantity X corresponding electrical variable, which is supplied to a signal preprocessing 3. The signal preprocessing 3 serves to convert the electrical variable into a raw signal R, which is then available for further processing and / or evaluation. For this purpose, the electrical size, for example, amplified and / or filtered.

Das Rohsignal R wird von einer nachfolgenden Signalverarbeitung 4 in ein Meßsignal M umgewandelt. Hier wird z.B. eine Kompensation einer eventuellen Temperaturabhängigkeit des Rohsignals vorgenommen. Ebenso können Korrekturen und Veränderungen, die sich z.B. aus meßaufnehmer-spezifischen Kennlinien oder Kompensations- und/oder Kalibrationsdaten ergeben, vorgenommen werden.The raw signal R is converted by a subsequent signal processing 4 into a measurement signal M. Here is e.g. a compensation of a possible temperature dependence of the raw signal made. Likewise, corrections and changes, e.g. result from measuring transducer-specific characteristics or compensation and / or calibration data.

Das Meßsignal M liegt an einer elektronischen Einheit 5, z.B. einem Mikroprozessor an, die das Meßsignal M gemäß einer anwendungsspezifischen Übertragungsfunktion F aufbereitet, an. Hier werden z.B. ein vom Anwender gewünschter Nullpunkt der physikalischen Größe und eine Skalierung des Meßwerts, z.B. in Form einer Meßbereichsangabe oder einer Einheit, in der ein Meßergebnis ausgegeben werden soll, berücksichtigt.The measuring signal M is applied to an electronic unit 5, e.g. a microprocessor which processes the measurement signal M according to an application-specific transfer function F, to. Here, e.g. a user-desired zero point of the physical quantity and a scaling of the measured value, e.g. in the form of a measurement range specification or a unit in which a measurement result is to be output.

Das gemäß der Übertragungsfunktion F aufbereitete Meßsignal M liegt an einer Ausgangsstufe 7 an, die ein dem Meßsignal M entsprechendes Ausgangssignal abgibt. Ein Ausgangssignal kann z.B. ein einem aktuellen Meßwert entsprechender Strom, eine dem aktuellen Meßwert entsprechende Spannung oder ein digitales Signal sein. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Ausgangssignal ein sich in Abhängigkeit von der physikalischen Größe X ändernder Strom I(X).The processed according to the transfer function F measurement signal M is applied to an output stage 7, which outputs a measurement signal M corresponding output signal. An output signal may e.g. a current corresponding to a current measured value, a voltage corresponding to the current measured value or a digital signal. In the illustrated embodiment, the output signal is a current I (X) varying as a function of the physical quantity X.

Parallel zu dem durch die Signalverarbeitung 4, die elektronische Einheit 5 und die Ausgangsstufe 7 gebildeten Signalverarbeitungsweg ist eine Überwachungseinheit 9 vorgesehen. Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für einen Aufbau der Überwachungseinheit 9.Parallel to the signal processing path formed by the signal processing 4, the electronic unit 5 and the output stage 7 is a Monitoring unit 9 is provided. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a structure of the monitoring unit. 9

Die Überwachungseinheit 9 weist einen ersten Eingang auf, an dem das Rohsignal R anliegt.The monitoring unit 9 has a first input to which the raw signal R is applied.

Im Betrieb vergleicht die Überwachungseinheit 9 das Ausgangssignal mit einem aus dem Rohsignal R abgeleiteten Hilfssignal H und bewirkt eine sicherheitsgerichtete Einstellung des Ausgangssignal, wenn eine Abweichung zwischen dem Ausgangssignal und dem Rohsignal R einen vorbestimmten Rahmen überschreitet. Das Rohsignal R ist natürlich ungenauer als das Ausgangssignal. Es wird daher vorzugsweise eine tolerable Abweichung zwischen Hilfssignal H und Ausgangssignal definiert, die aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Genauigkeiten der beiden Signale auftreten kann. Übersteigt die Abweichung zwischen den beiden Signalen diese Grenze, so liegt eine Fehlfunktion vor, die von dem erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Transmitter sofort erkannt wird. Entsprechend kann der Transmitter von sich aus eine sicherheitsgerichtete Einstellung des Ausgangssignals vornehmen.In operation, the monitoring unit 9 compares the output signal with a derived from the raw signal R auxiliary signal H and causes a safety-oriented adjustment of the output signal when a deviation between the output signal and the raw signal R exceeds a predetermined frame. The raw signal R is of course less accurate than the output signal. Therefore, it is preferable to define a tolerable deviation between the auxiliary signal H and the output signal, which may occur due to the different accuracies of the two signals. If the deviation between the two signals exceeds this limit, then there is a malfunction which is recognized immediately by the transmitter designed according to the invention. Accordingly, the transmitter can make a safety-related adjustment of the output signal on its own.

Der Betreiber wird durch den Transmitter gewarnt und es ist sichergestellt, daß bis zur Behebung des Fehlers kein größerer Schaden angerichtet wird.The operator is warned by the transmitter and it is ensured that no major damage is done until the fault is rectified.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eines analogen Ausgangssignals befindet sich im Ausgangszweig ein Widerstand 10, über den das Ausgangssignal abgegriffen und der Überwachungseinheit 9 zugeführt wird. Die Überwachungseinheit 9 weist eine Meßschaltung 11 auf, in der das Ausgangssignal erfaßt und einem Vergleicher 13 zugeführt wird.In the illustrated embodiment of an analog output signal is located in the output branch, a resistor 10, via which the output signal is tapped and the monitoring unit 9 is supplied. The monitoring unit 9 has a measuring circuit 11 in which the output signal is detected and fed to a comparator 13.

Vorzugsweise weist die Überwachungseinheit 9 ebenfalls eine elektronische Einheit 15, z.B. einen zweiten Mikroprozessor, auf, die im Betrieb das Hilfssignal H aus dem Rohsignal R ableitet, indem das Rohsignal R gemäß der anwendungsspezifischen Übertragungsfunktion F verarbeitet wird. Die elektronische Einheit 15 vergleicht das so gewonnene Hilfssignal H mit dem aktuellen Ausgangssignal.Preferably, the monitoring unit 9 also has an electronic unit 15, e.g. a second microprocessor, which in operation derives the auxiliary signal H from the raw signal R by processing the raw signal R according to the application-specific transfer function F. The electronic unit 15 compares the thus obtained auxiliary signal H with the current output signal.

Hierzu ist der elektronischen Einheit 15 ein Speicher 17 zugeordnet, in dem die Übertragungsfunktion F abgelegt ist.For this purpose, the electronic unit 15 is associated with a memory 17, in which the transfer function F is stored.

Bei der Inbetriebnahme eines erfindungsgemäßen Transmitters wird vorzugsweise in einem ersten Schritt die Übertragungsfunktion F vom Anwender über eine Kommunikationsschnittstelle der ersten elektronischen Einheit 5 im Signalverarbeitungszweig zugeführt. Alternativ kann auch eine im Transmitter vorhandene Übertragungsfunktion vom Anwender ausgewählt werden. Dies kann beispielsweise durch ein Menue erfolgen, über das verschiedene Meßbereiche, Signalausgabemodi, Einheiten in denen der Meßwert anzugeben ist, etc. auswählbar sind.When commissioning a transmitter according to the invention, preferably in a first step, the transfer function F is supplied by the user via a communication interface of the first electronic unit 5 in the signal processing branch. Alternatively, a transfer function available in the transmitter can also be selected by the user. This can be done, for example, by a menu via which different measuring ranges, signal output modes, units in which the measured value is to be specified, etc. can be selected.

Die Kommunkationsschnittstelle ist in Fig. 1 lediglich symbolisch in Form eines Pfeiles eingezeichnet. Obwohl hier von einer Kommunikationsschnittstelle gesprochen wird, kann bei einigen Transmittern auch eine einfache unidirektionale Übertragung der Übertragungsfunktion F zur elektronischen Einheit 5 ausreichend sein. Dies muß nicht zwangsläufig über eine separate Schnittstelle geschehen, es kann auch über die Leitungen über die der Transmitter versorgt wird und/oder über die das Ausgangssignal abgegeben wird, erfolgen.The communication interface is in Fig. 1 only symbolically drawn in the form of an arrow. Although it is referred to herein as a communication interface, in some transmitters, a simple unidirectional transmission of the transfer function F to the electronic unit 5 may be sufficient. This does not necessarily happen via a separate interface, it can also be supplied via the lines via which the transmitter is supplied and / or via which the output signal is output.

Von der ersten elektronischen Einheit 5 wird die Übertragungsfunktion F einmalig über eine Datenleitung 19 von der ersten zu der zweiten elektronischen Einheit 5, 15 übertragen und in einem der zweiten elektronischen Einheit 15 zugeordneten Speicher 17 abgelegt.From the first electronic unit 5, the transfer function F is transmitted once only via a data line 19 from the first to the second electronic unit 5, 15 and stored in a memory 17 associated with the second electronic unit 15.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Transmitter wird der gesamte Signalverarbeitungszweig überwacht. Jegliche Art von hier auftretenden Fehlern werden sofort erkannt und der Transmitter reagiert automatisch in sicherheitsgerichteter Weise.In a transmitter according to the invention, the entire signal processing branch is monitored. Any kind of errors occurring here are immediately recognized and the transmitter automatically reacts in a safety-oriented manner.

Dies erfolgt z.B., indem die elektronische Einheit 15 der Überwachungseinheit 9 über die Ausgangsstufe 7 eine entsprechende Einstellung bewirkt. Dies ist in Fig. 1 und 2 durch eine durchgezogene Linie angedeutet. Alternativ kann die Überwachungseinheit 9 natürlich direkt auf das Ausgangssignal einwirken. Bei dem beschriebenen Stromausgang könnte dies z.B. so aussehen, daß die Überwachungseinheit 9 zwischen der Ausgangsstufe und dem Widerstand 10 auf das Ausgangssignal derart einwirkt, daß es die gewünschte sicherheitsgerichtete Einstellung einnimmt. Dies ist in den Figuren durch eine gestrichelte Linie dargestellt.This is done, for example, by the electronic unit 15 of the monitoring unit 9 via the output stage 7 causes a corresponding setting. This is in Fig. 1 and 2 indicated by a solid line. Alternatively, the monitoring unit 9, of course, act directly on the output signal. In the described current output, this could, for example, be such that the monitoring unit 9 acts on the output signal between the output stage and the resistor 10 in such a way that it assumes the desired safety-oriented setting. This is shown in the figures by a dashed line.

Eine sicherheitsgerichtete Einstellung des Ausgangssignals kann z.B. ein Alarmsignal sein. Bei dem beschriebenen analogen Stromausgang kann ein Alarmsignal z.B. darin bestehen, daß der Strom auf einen Wert geregelt wird, den er unter normalen Meßbedingungen nicht einnimmt. Liegen die dem aktuellen Meßwert entsprechenden Ströme im fehlerfreien Betrieb zwischen 4 mA und 20 mA, so können Ströme oberhalb 20 mA bzw. unterhalb 4 mA, die Bedeutung eines Alarms haben.A safety-related adjustment of the output signal can e.g. be an alarm signal. In the described analog current output, an alarm signal e.g. consist in that the current is regulated to a value that it does not occupy under normal conditions of measurement. If the currents corresponding to the current measured value lie between 4 mA and 20 mA during fault-free operation, then currents above 20 mA or below 4 mA may have the meaning of an alarm.

Alternativ kann eine sicherheitsgerichtete Einstellung natürlich auch bedeuten, daß ein Ausgangssignal eingestellt wird, das einem Meßwert entspricht, bei dem möglichst wenig Schaden durch den fehlfunktionierenden Transmitter ausgelöst wird. Beispielsweise kann bei einer Füllstandsmessung eine sicherheitsgerichtete Einstellung darin bestehen, daß der Transmitter, der seine Fehlfunktion erkannt hat, unabhängig vom Befüllungszustand meldet, daß der Behälter voll ist, damit nicht mehr Füllgut eingefüllt wird. So wird ein Überlaufen des Behälters verhindert. Zusätzlich zu dieser Einstellung ist dem Ausgangssignal vorzugsweise ein Alarmsignal überlagert.Alternatively, a safety-related setting may, of course, also mean that an output signal is set which corresponds to a measured value in which the least possible damage is caused by the malfunctioning transmitter. For example, in a level measurement, a safety-related setting can consist in that the transmitter, which has detected its malfunction, regardless of the filling state reports that the container is full, so that no more filling material is filled. This prevents the container from overflowing. In addition to this setting, the output signal preferably has an alarm signal superimposed on it.

Claims (7)

  1. Transmitter with
    - a sensor (1), which is used to record a physical measured variable (X) and convert it to an electrical variable
    - a signal pre-processor (3), which is used to transform the electrical variable into a raw signal (R)
    - a signal processor (4), which is used to convert the raw signal (R) to a measuring signal (M)
    - an output level (7), which is used to deliver an output signal that corresponds to the measuring signal (M)
    - a monitoring unit (9)
    characterized in that
    the monitoring unit (9) is used to compare the output signal with an auxiliary signal (H) that is derived from the raw signal (R) during operation and to trigger a safety-related setting of the output signal if the deviation between the output signal and the auxiliary signal (H) exceeds a predefined limit.
  2. Transmitter as per Claim 1 where the output level (7) delivers an analog output signal,
    which is picked up by a resistor (10)
    which is sent to the monitoring unit (9) and
    which is recorded in the monitoring unit (9) by a measuring circuit (11).
  3. Transmitter as per Claim 1 which exhibits an electronic unit (5) that is used to process the measuring signal supplied (M) in accordance with an application-specific transmission function (F).
  4. Transmitter as per Claim 1 where the application-specific transmission function (F) is used to set the zero point and scale the measuring signal (M).
  5. Transmitter as per Claim 3, where
    - the monitoring unit (9) exhibits a second electronic unit (13)
    - the transmission function (F) is stored in a memory (17) assigned to the unit (13)
    - during operation, the second electronic unit (13) derives the auxiliary signal (H) from the raw signal (R) by processing the raw signal (R) in accordance with the application-specific transmission function (F) and comparing the auxiliary signal (H) to the output signal.
  6. Transmitter as per Claim 1 where the safety-related setting of the output signal is an alarm signal.
  7. Process for commissioning a transmitter as per Claims 3 or 5, characterized in that
    - the transmission function (F) is supplied by the user to the first electronic unit (5) via a communication interface, or a transmission function (F) available in the transmitter is selected.
    - the transmission function (F) is transmitted once via a data cable (19) from the first to the second electronic unit (5, 13) and
    - is saved in a memory (17) assigned to the second electronic unit (13).
EP02793094A 2002-01-18 2002-12-20 Sensor arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP1466308B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10202028 2002-01-18
DE10202028A DE10202028A1 (en) 2002-01-18 2002-01-18 Transmitter for detecting a physical measured variable and for converting it into an electrical variable uses signal processors to reshape the electrical variable into a test signal
PCT/EP2002/014607 WO2003060851A1 (en) 2002-01-18 2002-12-20 Sensor arrangement

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EP1466308A1 EP1466308A1 (en) 2004-10-13
EP1466308B1 true EP1466308B1 (en) 2009-10-21

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JP (1) JP4393873B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100407244C (en)
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DE (2) DE10202028A1 (en)
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ATE446561T1 (en) 2009-11-15
US7139683B2 (en) 2006-11-21
US20070073523A1 (en) 2007-03-29
JP4393873B2 (en) 2010-01-06
JP2005515567A (en) 2005-05-26
EP1466308A1 (en) 2004-10-13
AU2002358775A1 (en) 2003-07-30
RU2004125153A (en) 2005-04-20
DE10202028A1 (en) 2003-07-24
CN1615497A (en) 2005-05-11
DE50213952D1 (en) 2009-12-03
WO2003060851A1 (en) 2003-07-24
CN100407244C (en) 2008-07-30
RU2280901C2 (en) 2006-07-27
US7539600B2 (en) 2009-05-26
US20050149295A1 (en) 2005-07-07

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