EP1462756A1 - Verfahren zur Verteidigung eines Wagens oder einer Anlage gegen einer Drohung wie ein Geschoss und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Verteidigung eines Wagens oder einer Anlage gegen einer Drohung wie ein Geschoss und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1462756A1
EP1462756A1 EP04290522A EP04290522A EP1462756A1 EP 1462756 A1 EP1462756 A1 EP 1462756A1 EP 04290522 A EP04290522 A EP 04290522A EP 04290522 A EP04290522 A EP 04290522A EP 1462756 A1 EP1462756 A1 EP 1462756A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
defense
positioning
pyrotechnic
tube
ammunition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04290522A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1462756B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Hossard
Francois-Xavier Renard
Dominique Bouchaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
Original Assignee
Giat Industries SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0302512A external-priority patent/FR2851799B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR0302511A external-priority patent/FR2851816B1/fr
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP1462756A1 publication Critical patent/EP1462756A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1462756B1 publication Critical patent/EP1462756B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00—Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/26—Fluid-operated systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/046—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed depending on the position of the working member
    • F15B11/048—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed depending on the position of the working member with deceleration control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/12—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the oscillating-vane or curved-cylinder type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/19—Pyrotechnical actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00—Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/06—Mechanical systems
    • F41A27/18—Mechanical systems for gun turrets
    • F41A27/20—Drives for turret movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00—Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/06—Mechanical systems
    • F41A27/22—Traversing gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00—Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/06—Mechanical systems
    • F41A27/24—Elevating gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/218—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being pyrotechnical charges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/27—Directional control by means of the pressure source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6346—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of input means, e.g. joystick position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6652—Control of the pressure source, e.g. control of the swash plate angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053—Double-acting output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053—Double-acting output members
    • F15B2211/7054—Having equal piston areas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7058—Rotary output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/755—Control of acceleration or deceleration of the output member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/765—Control of position or angle of the output member

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of methods and devices for defending a vehicle or structure against a threat such as a projectile (missile or rocket).
  • This cylinder allows the device to have several possible launch directions. Each direction of launch corresponds to a position of the cylinder piston. So a single-acting cylinder gives the tube two positions different: that corresponding to the cylinder in the rest state and that corresponding to the activated cylinder.
  • a double-acting cylinder gives the tube three different positions: that corresponding to the cylinder in the state of rest and the two extreme positions corresponding to initiations of each of the two pyrotechnic charges.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to launch a defense ammunition in the optimal direction while using at least one pyrotechnic actuator which provides speed and power for positioning.
  • At least one positioning means is a double pyrotechnic cylinder effect incorporating two pyrotechnic charges having an effect antagonist each connected to a separate room, both chambers being separated by a movable piston, the process is then characterized in that, to ensure braking at least minus a positioning means, we order successively in sequence the two pyrotechnic charges of the cylinder considered so as to ensure by the action of the second loads a braking movement of the piston which has been controlled by the first charge, the time interval between the initiation of each charge being chosen so as to ensure the desired positioning for the piston.
  • the pressure in the first chamber in which the first charge is initiated we will compare this pressure to a value theoretical memorized then we will correct the time interval before initiation of the second charge and / or we will open a vent in at least one of the bedrooms so as to take account the difference observed between the theoretical pressure and the pressure measured.
  • the invention also relates to a device for defense using such a method.
  • This device allows the defense of a vehicle or a structure against a threat like a projectile. He understands means of positioning on site and / or at least minus a tube for launching a defense ammunition, means positioning systems which include at least one cylinder pyrotechnic, device also comprising means for detection of projectile approach and calculation means to determine the angles of elevation and bearing at give the defense ammo launch tube as well that the time at which the ammunition is to be ejected from the tube in the direction of fire, device characterized by what it includes electronic control means ensuring a sequence initiation of the actuator (s) positioning pyrotechnics and firing of the ammunition, as well as means ensuring braking and / or stopping of positioning means when they have oriented the shot at the desired angles.
  • the means of braking and / or stopping of the positioning means are formed by deployable abutment surfaces integral with the body of the pyrotechnic cylinder (s), the deployment of abutment surfaces being controlled by electronic means control.
  • the device is characterized in that defense ammunition has an efficiency zone spatial at a nominal working distance, and in that two consecutive abutment surfaces carried by a cylinder body are separated by a distance which determines a difference of angular positioning for the tube ensuring recovery of the effectiveness zones of the defense ammunition for the two consecutive directions and at said distance nominal use.
  • one of the means of site and / or deposit positioning includes at least one double acting pyrotechnic cylinder incorporating two charges antagonistic pyrotechnics each linked to a separate bedroom, the two bedrooms being separated by a movable piston, and the electronic control means ensure a sequence initiation of the two charges pyrotechnics of the cylinder considered with a time interval chosen so as to ensure the braking of the piston and the desired positioning in site and / or deposit.
  • the device defense may include means to measure the pressure in the two chambers of one of the cylinders pyrotechnics, these means being connected to the means control electronics, which can compare the pressure measured in a first chamber with at least one theoretical value so as to correct the time interval before initiation of the second load of the jack in question.
  • the device may include means for determining the actual position of the piston of the pyrotechnic cylinder or the positioning on site or in deposit given by this jack, these means being connected to electronic control means.
  • the device may include at least one vent for each room, vent the opening of which can be ordered by the means control electronics and will allow to set communicating said room with the outside.
  • Figure 1 shows a top view of a vehicle 1 such as a battle tank which takes to the level of its glacis before a defense device 2 according to the invention.
  • a defense device 2 includes a small turret 3 which carries a tube 4 allowing firing a defense ammunition.
  • This tube 4 is adjustable in site and in deposit.
  • the angle ⁇ shown in the figure between the direction ⁇ of the axis of the tube 4 and a vertical plane P is the bearing angle. This angle is obtained by a rotation of the turret 3 by relative to vehicle 1.
  • the elevation angle is not shown here. This angle is the one made by the direction ⁇ of the tube 4 with a plane horizontal.
  • the positioning in site and in deposit is obtained by pyrotechnic cylinders (not visible in this figure).
  • Device 2 makes it possible to defend vehicle 1 against a threat which is a projectile 6 (missile or rocket).
  • a projectile 6 missile or rocket
  • the vehicle includes means of measurement and calculation to determine the speed V and the direction Threat ⁇ 6.
  • These means comprise a firing line 9 associated by example to a tracking radar 7 which is carried by the turret 8 of vehicle 1.
  • fire control determines in space the direction ⁇ which is the optimal direction of fire of this ammunition 5 so that it can counter threat 6.
  • Ammunition 5 could be an ammunition generating a sheaf of shards (focused according to a sector or not) or else ammunition generating a blast effect.
  • This munition has an efficiency volume E which is here shown with a substantially elliptical shape. This volume is the one within which the probability of destruction and / or destabilization of threat 6 by the ammunition 5 is equal to 1.
  • the fire control also calculates the instant at which this ammunition must be ejected from the tube 4 according to this direction ⁇ . This instant is calculated from the speed V of the projectile 6 detected and of the speed v (known) of the Defense ammunition 5. It is also calculated by taking account for the volume of efficiency and the fact that the interception must intervene at the level of an interception sphere SI centered on defense turret 3 and radius R. This radius is attached to the system design so as to minimize effects on vehicle 1 (this sphere has a radius included between 5 and 10 m).
  • the optimal direction ⁇ is therefore that which allows to include projectile / threat 6 in the effectiveness volume E of defense ammunition 5 when this projectile arrives at level of the SI interception sphere.
  • the fire control therefore determines the angles of the sites and of deposit to be given to the launch tube 4 of the ammunition defense so that the axis of this one is confused with the direction ⁇ .
  • T R the instant at which the defense ammunition 5 must be ejected from the tube 4 and that of the dynamic characteristics of the positioning means in elevation and / or deposit (inertia of the moving parts of the turret 3, accelerations communicated by the actuators, response time of the initiation means of the pyrotechnic actuators) make it possible to determine a first instant (T G and / or T S ) at which the positioning means or means in site (instant T S ) or in deposit (instant T G ) must be ordered.
  • T R the instant at which the defense ammunition 5 must be ejected from the tube 4
  • T T the second instant at which the propellant charge of the ammunition 5 must be ignited. This data is specific to the defense system developed and it depends on the characteristics of the propellant means (pressure and speed communicated to the munition, response time of the means of ignition of the propellant charge).
  • the flow diagram in Figure 2 shows the succession of steps of the method according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Block C1 corresponds to the supply by the firing line of instructions for positioning the tube in elevation (S) and in deposit (G) as well as the instant (T R ) at which the ammunition must leave the launching tube to counter threat 6 at the level of the SI interception sphere.
  • An electronic control means integrated into the defense device calculates (block C2) the instant (T T ) at which the firing of the ammunition must be controlled so that its exit from the tube occurs at the instant T R. This instant corresponds to the moment of exit of the ammunition 5 (T R ) minus the stage of ignition of the propellant charge thereof and the stage of ballistics inside the munition in the tube 4.
  • the control means also calculates (block C3) the initiation instant (T S ) of the pyrotechnic charge of the site positioning cylinder.
  • the control means then sequentially causes the different initiations of the pyrotechnic charges of cylinders as well as the shot following the time sequence as well calculated.
  • Block A1 triggering of positioning in deposit (T G ), block A2 triggering of positioning in site (T S ), block A3 triggering of firing (T T ).
  • the relative order of triggers A1 and A2 will depend on the set angles given on site and in deposit.
  • FIG. 2 it is considered that the order relating to the positioning of the deposit occurs first. It is of course the longest rally which is triggered first. The objective is to rally on site and in simultaneous deposit at time T R.
  • Line L represents the simultaneity at the planned time T R of the positions in elevation, in deposit and of the exit of the ammunition out of the tube.
  • the ammunition 5 leaves the launch tube 4 when positioning means oriented the firing system at the desired angles.
  • the method according to the invention thus provides a simple sequential triggering of the positioning means of the tube and then firing the ammunition.
  • means ensuring braking and / or stopping of the positioning means will be ordered when they have oriented the firing system at the desired angles.
  • the blocks A4 and A5 symbolize these commands F G (braking / stopping the positioning in the field) and FS (braking / stopping the positioning in the site).
  • the positioning means use one or more several actuators or pyrotechnic cylinders.
  • These actuators as described by FR2809172 include a piston which slides in a cylinder. The displacement of the piston is caused by gases of a pyrotechnic composition, such a propellant powder.
  • Figures 3,4a, 4b show an exemplary embodiment a double-acting linear pyrotechnic actuator 10 (pyrotechnic cylinder) incorporating means ensuring stopping of the actuator, means which will advantageously be controlled before or at the same time as the positioning means.
  • This actuator comprises a cylindrical case 11 of axis 13 which is closed at each end by a cover 12a, 12b.
  • This case contains five rings 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d and 14e which delimit a cylindrical internal housing 15 divided in two chambers 16a and 16b by a piston 17 secured to a rod 18.
  • the case 11 and the rings 14 form the body of the jack.
  • the rings make it possible to position and wedge means of braking / stopping 23a, 23b, 23c and 23d.
  • the case 11 ensures the cohesion of the cylinder body.
  • the piston is shown here in the initial position of the cylinder, position in which the rod 18 is made integral cylinder by a shearable radial pin 19 arranged between the rod 18 and the cover 12b.
  • Gas sealing means such as seals annulars not shown, are interposed between the piston 17 and housing 15.
  • Each chamber 16a, 16b can be pressurized by a gas-generating pyrotechnic charge 20a, 20b. These charges are arranged at the covers 12a, 12b which provide the closure of the case 11, covers which are crossed by rod 18. Gas seals are provided between the covers and the rod 18.
  • the pyrotechnic charges 20a, 20b consist of example by 2 to 3 grams of simple basic propellant powder. Each composition can be initiated by an igniter (not shown) which is connected by conductors 21a, 21b to electronic control means 22.
  • the initiation of charge 20a will cause the rupture of the pin 19 and the displacement of the piston 17 in the direction D2 until it stops against the cover 12b.
  • the initiation of charge 20b causes it also the rupture of the pin 19 and the displacement of the piston 17 in direction D1 until it stops against the cover 12a.
  • this actuator incorporates means braking and / or stopping of its piston which are formed by deployable abutment surfaces 23a, 23b, 23c and 23d integral with the cylinder body. These stop surfaces are more particularly visible in Figure 4a. They include two portions of circular washers 24 and 25 which are housed in a cylindrical groove 26 arranged between two consecutive rings 14c and 14d.
  • These washer portions are fixed at their ends with two piezoelectric actuators 27, 28.
  • the actuators 27, 28 of each stop 23 are connected in pairs to the means control electronics 22.
  • a housing (not shown) shared between each ring 14 makes it possible to receive each actuator 27 or 28.
  • the actuators are chosen in such a way so that when they are supplied with electric current they shorten and bring the two portions of washer 25, 25 of the axis 13 of the cylinder body.
  • the washers have a thickness of about 3 mm they are dimensioned radially so that they are, in the activated position, in contact with the groove 26 with sufficient contact surface to ensure stopping piston.
  • the radial stroke of the washers is of the order of millimeter and actuator response time known piezoelectric allows the deployment of washers before the cylinder has traveled the stroke that separates from the washer.
  • the example shown in Figure 3 includes four means braking.
  • the cylinder thus comprises (with the position center and the two stop positions against the covers) seven different positions for its stem and can therefore quickly and reliably position the tube on site or deposit at seven different angles. It is understood possible to define a cylinder with a number of means different braking.
  • the fire control When the fire control has determined the angles of elevation and of deposit to be rallied by the defense system, it immediately controls the positioning of the braking ensuring the desired angle (or the nearest angle the desired angle).
  • the positioning jacks will be defined. so that two consecutive stop surfaces carried by the cylinder body are separated by a distance which determines for the tube 4 a difference of angular positioning ensuring overlap of the zones Defense ammunition efficiency 5.
  • the jack (not shown) ensuring the positioning in tube 4 deposit has two stop positions consecutive determining the directions ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 which make the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 respectively with the plane P. These directions are close enough to each other to that, at the level of the interception sphere SI, the zones E1 and E2 overlap.
  • the fire control team can then choose for example the direction ⁇ 2 if the theoretical direction calculated for the pointing of tube 4 is between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
  • the stop positions for the positioning cylinder in site are defined in a similar way.
  • Figures 6a and 6b show another mode of realization of a positioning cylinder according to the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one in that the jack 10 allows directly control a rotary movement.
  • the piston 17 is in the form of a flap which is integral with an axis 29 capable of a movement of rotation relative to the body 30 of the jack.
  • One end of the flap 17 which carries a seal 48 is in contact with an internal cylindrical wall 31 of the body 30 (see Figure 6b).
  • a shear pin 32 is interposed between axis 29 and body 30. It secures the flap 17 and the body 30 in the rest position of the jack.
  • the axis 29 crosses the body 30 and it is pivotally mounted relative to the body on bearings (not shown).
  • the body 30 defines an internal housing which has the form of a cylindrical sector of axis coincident with that of the axis turning 29.
  • the flap 17 In its rest position, the flap 17 is in a middle position which separates the housing from the body 30 in two chambers 16a, 16b of substantially equal volume and having each in the form of a cylindrical sector.
  • the body also carries two pyrotechnic charges 20a and 20b, each load being connected to one of the chambers 16a, 16b.
  • part 17 a initial position which is not the middle position.
  • a such an arrangement will give the jack 10 a angular positioning capacity which will be greater in one direction of rotation than in the other.
  • the initial volumes of the two chambers 16a and 16b will be so different. We can therefore in this case provide different pyrotechnic charges for both cylinder chamber, for example composition masses different pyrotechnics.
  • the flap drives the axis 29.
  • the rotation can thus be between -90 ° and + 90 °.
  • This cylinder carries means for braking and / or stopping its flap 17 which are formed by abutment surfaces deployable 23a, 23b, 23c and 23d secured to the body 30 of the cylinder.
  • Each abutment surface includes a corner 33 mounted pivoting with respect to an axis 34 integral with the body 30.
  • the corner extends over the entire height of the chamber 16a or 16b. It can pivot by the action of an actuator piezoelectric 35, incorporated in the wall 30 of the jack, and which is connected to the electronic control means 22 by a link 36.
  • Figure 6a shows all the stop surfaces in their rest position.
  • Figure 6b shows the corner 33 of the stop 23a in deployed position. Driven by piezoelectric actuator 35 the corner is protruding from the internal surface 31 of the body and stops the shutter 17.
  • each stopper will be chosen sufficient to stop the shutter. It is enough for that to give the corner 33 a height of the order of 1 to 2 mm.
  • a number of abutment surfaces will preferably be adopted such that two consecutive stop positions determine directions close enough to each other that at level of the SI interception sphere, the efficiency zones Defense munitions E1 and E2 overlap for two directions ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 of the axis of the tube 4 (see Figure 5).
  • FIG. 7 shows a first example of a turret 3 of launch of a defense ammunition 5.
  • This turret comprises a turntable 37 which is integral with an axis vertical 29 and can therefore pivot relative to a support fixed 38 which is for example linked to a vehicle (not represented).
  • the plate 37 carries the tube 4 which is integral with a base 40 which can pivot relative to the plate 37 around an axis 39.
  • the axis 29 is integral with a flap 17b of a pivoting jack 10b as described above with reference to the figures 6a, 6b.
  • the body 30 of the jack is also made integral of the support 38 by a connecting means (not shown) such screws or fixing lugs.
  • the cylinder 10b ensures the positioning of the launcher tube 4 in relation to the support 38.
  • the tube 4 can pivot relative to the plate 37 around the axis 39 which is perpendicular to the axis vertical 29.
  • a linear pyrotechnic cylinder 10a as described previously with reference to Figures 3 and 4 is mounted from articulated between the plate 37 and the base 40.
  • the cylinder body is articulated on a lug 42 integral of the plate 37.
  • the end of the rod 18 of the jack is articulated on another tab 43, integral with the base 40.
  • the jack 10a makes it possible to control the positioning in site of the tube 4 relative to the plate 37 and to the support 38.
  • This cylinder is double acting. It has two charges pyrotechnics 20a and 20b, connected to electronic means 22, and which control the output of the rod 18 or else its entry into the jack body. The pointing can thus be achieved with elevation angles positive or negative.
  • Ammunition 5 is expelled from tube 4 by a charge propellant 44 which is ignited by an igniter 45. This last is initiated by a contact 46 which is connected by a wired connection not shown by electronic means control 22 which are here housed in the support 38.
  • the tube 4 is here represented as a tube closed at its rear part and the load 44 expels the ammunition from the tube by canon effect. It is of course possible to plan a propellant charge in the form of a solid propellant ammunition. In this case the tube 4 will be open to its part which will reduce the recoil suffered by the support 38.
  • the electronic control means 22 ensure the firing defense ammunition as well as the initiation of different pyrotechnic charges of the cylinders 10a and 10b. They also ensure the deployment of the braking means and / or stop piston of each cylinder.
  • the braking means will preferably be deployed from the determination of the desired site and site angles.
  • the initiation of the pyrotechnic charges of the different cylinders will however be initiated following a sequence of functioning such as positioning in site and in deposit occur substantially at the same time.
  • Figure 8 differs from Figure 7 in that the cylinder linear 10a is replaced by a second pivoting jack 10c.
  • the body 30c of this jack is integral with a stirrup 47 secured to the end of the vertical axis 29 while the flap 17c of this jack is integral with axis 39. This axis is secured to the base 40 carrying the tube 4.
  • the second cylinder 10c ensures the site positioning of the tube 4.
  • This embodiment allows with two cylinders to identical structure and compact to ensure a pivoting system site and bearing along deflection angles important (greater than 90 °).
  • the response time is very weak (of the order of one hundred milliseconds) and the energy developed by the pyrotechnic compositions is sufficient to drive the moving parts and heavy in the desired timeframe (mass of the order of 50 kg).
  • This braking means could for example be consisting of a pad between piston and cylinder body, pad which will be deployable by a piezoelectric actuator or by a pyrotechnic initiator.
  • These means will include for example measuring means the actual position of the piston and / or the measuring means of the actual gas pressure in the chambers. Ways control electronics will then incorporate a rustic enslavement using this information from position of the piston and / or pressure in the chambers for correct the positioning of the piston.
  • FIG. 9 thus shows an exemplary embodiment of a actuator or pyrotechnic cylinder 10 incorporating such a means pyrotechnic braking.
  • This cylinder allows direct movement control rotary.
  • it includes a piston which has the form a flap 17 secured to an axis 29 capable of rotational movement relative to a body 30.
  • One end of the flap 17 which carries a seal 48 is in contact with an internal cylindrical wall 31 of the body 30.
  • a shear pin 32 is interposed between axis 29 and body 30. It secures the flap 17 and the body 30 in the rest position of the jack.
  • the axis 29 crosses the body 30 and it is pivotally mounted relative to the body on bearings (not shown).
  • the body 30 defines an internal housing which has the form of a cylindrical sector of axis coincident with that of the axis turning 29.
  • the flap 17 In its rest position, the flap 17 is in a middle position which separates the housing from the body 30 in two chambers 16a, 16b of substantially equal volume and having each in the form of a cylindrical sector.
  • the body also carries two pyrotechnic charges 20a and 20b, each load is connected to one of the chambers 16a, 16b and allows to pressurize it.
  • the pyrotechnic charges 20a, 20b consist of example by a gas-generating composition, such as 2 to 3 grams of a simple basic propellant powder. Each composition can be initiated by an inflammator (not shown) which is connected by conductors 21a, 21b to electronic control means 22.
  • a gas-generating composition such as 2 to 3 grams of a simple basic propellant powder.
  • Each composition can be initiated by an inflammator (not shown) which is connected by conductors 21a, 21b to electronic control means 22.
  • the flap 17 moves in either direction (R1 or R2). This actuator therefore allows to control a pivoting of the axis 29 which is between - 90 ° and + 90 ° relative to a median initial position of the shutter.
  • the initiation of charge 20a causes the rupture of the pin 32 and the rotation of the flap 17 in the direction R2 until it comes into abutment against the body 30.
  • the initiation of charge 20b causes it also the rupture of the pin 32 and the rotation of the flap 17 in direction R1 until it abuts against the body 30.
  • the electronic means of control 22 incorporate a computer 120 as well as at least a memory or register 130.
  • This memory contains curves in digital form characteristics giving the theoretical pressure in each room as a function of time.
  • the computer 120 is programmed so that it can initiate in sequence the two pyrotechnic charges 20a and 20b.
  • This back pressure causes braking of the displacement of part 17.
  • the flap 17 will be positioned at the end of a some time at its initial median position. In effect this position corresponds to the balance between pressures in both rooms.
  • Figure 11 is an abacus which gives for this cylinder the value of the interval to be programmed between each initiation depending on the maximum angular travel desired.
  • part 17 a initial position which is not the middle position.
  • a such an arrangement will give the jack 10 a angular positioning capacity which will be greater in one direction of rotation than in the other.
  • the initial volumes of the two chambers 16a and 16b will be so different. We can therefore in this case provide different pyrotechnic charges for both cylinder chamber, for example composition masses different pyrotechnics.
  • Figure 12 shows another embodiment of a pyrotechnic actuator 10 with pyrotechnic braking.
  • This actuator is produced here in the form of a linear cylinder double acting with a cylindrical body 30 with axis 13 delimiting a cylindrical internal housing divided in two chambers 16a, 16b by a piston 17 secured to a rod 18.
  • the piston is shown here in the initial position of the cylinder, position in which the piston is secured of the body 30 by a radial shear pin 19 interposed between the rod 18 and an end cover 12a.
  • Gas sealing means such as non-annular seals shown are provided between the piston and the body.
  • Each chamber 16a, 16b can be pressurized by a gas-generating pyrotechnic charge 20a, 20b. These charges are arranged at the covers 12a, 12b ensuring the closing of the body 30, covers which are crossed by the rod 18. Gas seals are provided between the covers and the rod 18.
  • the initiation of charge 20a causes the rupture of the pin 19 and the displacement of the piston 17 in the direction D2 until it stops against the cover 12b.
  • the initiation of charge 20b causes it also the rupture of the pin 19 and the displacement of the piston 17 in direction D1 until it stops against the cover 12a.
  • the means control electronics 22 incorporate a computer 120 as well as at least one memory or register 130,, and the computer 120 is programmed so that it can initiate sequence the two pyrotechnic charges 20a and 20b.
  • This one will position itself after a certain time at level of its initial median position which corresponds in the example described here at the balance between pressures in the two bedrooms.
  • the actuators shown in Figures 9 and 12 also include means for measuring the pressure in the two chambers 16a and 16b. These means are constituted by pressure probes 150a, 150b.
  • the probes 150a, 150b are connected to the electronics of control 22 by links 160a, 160b.
  • the probes are shown fixed radially in the wall cylindrical body 30. They could of course be carried by a bottom wall of the body or by a wall from above (not shown). In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the probes are fixed to the covers 12a and 12b.
  • control electronics 22 can control the actual pressure in each of the chambers 16a, 16b and she can compare this pressure to a theoretical value which is in memory.
  • dispersions can occur at the level of real pressures, dispersions linked for example to the variation of the characteristics of the different loads pyrotechnics of a production batch, or linked to operating conditions (temperature, pressure atmospheric).
  • FIGS 9 and 12 also show provide at least one vent 170a, 170b in each room. These vents allow to connect the room (16a or 16b) with the outside of the cylinder body.
  • vents shown in Figure 9 are carried by the bottom wall of the body 30.
  • the vents represented in the figure 12 are fixed radially to the cylindrical body 30.
  • vents 170a, 170b The opening of the vents 170a, 170b is caused by the electronic control means 22 to which they belong connected by links 180a, 180b.
  • vents will be produced for example in the form of normally closed small valves with a stem which ensures the closure of the valve and which is integral with a electro magnet.
  • This variant of the invention makes it possible to provide successively several corrections to the pressures in the different rooms.
  • This embodiment thus ensures a enslavement to overcome all the dispersions of the device (dispersion on the pressures in the two rooms but also on the delays between the initiations).
  • the electronic control means will use the information relating to the actual position of the cylinder for order for example the vents and / or modify the interval of initiation between charges.
  • the actuators according to the invention can be used in different applications for which it is necessary to give a very rapid amplitude movement given.
  • the actuator according to the invention does not by itself allow maintain an organ in a given position. This maintenance may however be ensured by means classics not shown and attached to the ordered organ by the jack (for example a locking pawl).
  • this actuator is particularly well suited to the implementation of a defense system of a vehicle or structure against a threat such as projectile.
  • the pyrotechnic energy used in the cylinders is sufficient to ensure the displacement of inertias mechanical of such defense devices.
  • the cylinders pyrotechnics also ensure the speed of positioning required.
  • the method according to this second embodiment of the invention also ensures the accuracy of the site and deposit positioning despite the absence of mechanical stop corresponding to the desired positioning.
  • the desired position is that at which the cylinder speed is practically zero.
  • the electronic control device 22 may be programmed to trigger this shot moments before the arrival of the tube at the angular positioning in elevation and in correct deposit.
  • the trigger is triggered before arrival at the position because the pressurization of the load propellant of defense ammunition and its course in the tube last a while (around 30 milliseconds). It is therefore necessary to anticipate in order to ensure that the ammunition leaves the tube according to the good direction and with the least lateral disturbance possible (cylinder positioning speed substantially nothing).
  • Actuators with pyrotechnic braking may be used in turrets similar to those described previously with reference to Figures 7 and 8.
  • these turrets are intended for the defense of a vehicle or a structure against a missile or rocket attack. It is essential that such a turret can ensure a rapid and reliable positioning of the tube 4 according to a direction determined upon detection of the threat by fire control.
  • the positioning time is generally around the hundred milliseconds.
  • both pyrotechnic charges of each cylinder will be initiated in sequence as a result of the site and time setting instructions deposit provided by the firing line (not shown) which is connected to the control means 22 which it controls the operation.
  • the fire control and the electronic control means 22 may form a single together.
  • control means will brake the pistons of the cylinders so that the speed of these pistons to be substantially zero for pointing values desired and communicated by the fire control.
  • the electronic control means 22 initiate the operating sequence of a cylinder by relative to each other so that the positioning in site and deposit occur more or less the same moment.
  • This flowchart therefore shows the succession of orders generated by the electronic control means 22.
  • the time differences between each initiation will depend on structural features of the turret, cylinders and launch tubes. The skilled person will determine them easily.
  • Block C1 again corresponds to the supply by the firing line of instructions for positioning the tube in elevation (S) and in deposit (G) as well as the instant (T R ) at which the defense ammunition must leave the tube. launch.
  • the control means then calculate (block C2) the instant (T T ) at which the firing of the ammunition must be controlled so that its exit from the tube occurs at instant T R. This instant corresponds to the moment of exit of the ammunition (T R ) minus the stage of ignition of the load 44 and the stage of internal ballistics of the munition in the tube 4.
  • the control means also calculate (block C30) the instants of initiation (Sa and Sb) of the two pyrotechnic charges of the elevation positioning jack to ensure zero speed in elevation at the time of exit (T R ).
  • the control means 22 also calculate (block C40) the initiation instants (Ga and Gb) of the two pyrotechnic charges of the bearing positioning cylinder to ensure a zero bearing speed at the exit instant (T R ). All calculations will be performed simultaneously.
  • the control means then cause sequentially the different charge initiations pyrotechnics of the cylinders as well as the firing following the time sequence thus calculated.
  • Block A10 triggering of positioning in deposit (Ga), block A20 triggering of positioning in site (Sa), block A3 triggering of firing (T T ).
  • the relative order of trips A10 and A20 will depend on the set angles given on site and in deposit. In the figure, it is considered that the order relating to the positioning of the deposit occurs first. It is of course the longest rally which is triggered first. The objective is to rally on site and in simultaneous deposit at time T R.
  • the control means of course ensure control from the firing of the pressures actually obtained in the jacks and they possibly correct (block A40 correction in Cor G deposit; block A50 correction in Cor S site) the instants of triggering of the pyrotechnic braking charges ( block A60 triggering of braking in Gb deposit; block A70 triggering of braking on site Sb) or else control the openings of the vents (E G , or E S ).
  • Line L represents the simultaneity at the planned time T R of the positions in elevation, in deposit and of the exit of the ammunition out of the tube.
EP04290522A 2003-02-28 2004-02-26 Verfahren zur Verteidigung eines Wagens oder einer Anlage gegen eine Bedrohung wie ein Geschoss und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP1462756B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0302512A FR2851799B1 (fr) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Procede de commande du positionnement d'un actionneur pyrotechnique, actionneur et dispositif de defense mettant en oeuvre un tel procede
FR0302511A FR2851816B1 (fr) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Procede de defense d'un vehicule ou d'une structure contre une menace et dispositif de defense mettant en oeuvre ce procede
FR0302512 2003-02-28
FR0302511 2003-02-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1462756A1 true EP1462756A1 (de) 2004-09-29
EP1462756B1 EP1462756B1 (de) 2008-10-15

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EP04290522A Expired - Lifetime EP1462756B1 (de) 2003-02-28 2004-02-26 Verfahren zur Verteidigung eines Wagens oder einer Anlage gegen eine Bedrohung wie ein Geschoss und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

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EP (1) EP1462756B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE411505T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004017072D1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102147216A (zh) * 2011-03-14 2011-08-10 吴超 一种防御弹
FR3069292A1 (fr) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-25 Dassault Aviation Dispositif d'actionnement pyrotechnique et vanne et verrou comprenant un tel dispositif d'actionnement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0687885A1 (de) * 1993-12-01 1995-12-20 Konstruktorskoe Bjuro Mashinostroenia Fahrzeug-selbstverteidigungssystem
DE4426014A1 (de) * 1994-07-22 1996-01-25 Diehl Gmbh & Co System zum Schutz eines Zieles gegen Flugkörper
DE19601756C1 (de) * 1996-01-19 2000-12-28 Diehl Stiftung & Co Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Schutz gegen die Einwirkung eines schnellen Projektiles
FR2809172A1 (fr) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-23 Tda Armements Sas Dispositif de protection de vehicule blinde contre des projectiles a effet cinetique
DE10050479A1 (de) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-18 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Schutzsystem für Objekte, insbesondere für Kampfpanzer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0687885A1 (de) * 1993-12-01 1995-12-20 Konstruktorskoe Bjuro Mashinostroenia Fahrzeug-selbstverteidigungssystem
DE4426014A1 (de) * 1994-07-22 1996-01-25 Diehl Gmbh & Co System zum Schutz eines Zieles gegen Flugkörper
DE19601756C1 (de) * 1996-01-19 2000-12-28 Diehl Stiftung & Co Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Schutz gegen die Einwirkung eines schnellen Projektiles
FR2809172A1 (fr) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-23 Tda Armements Sas Dispositif de protection de vehicule blinde contre des projectiles a effet cinetique
DE10050479A1 (de) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-18 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Schutzsystem für Objekte, insbesondere für Kampfpanzer

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102147216A (zh) * 2011-03-14 2011-08-10 吴超 一种防御弹
CN102147216B (zh) * 2011-03-14 2013-05-01 吴超 一种防御弹
FR3069292A1 (fr) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-25 Dassault Aviation Dispositif d'actionnement pyrotechnique et vanne et verrou comprenant un tel dispositif d'actionnement

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EP1462756B1 (de) 2008-10-15
ATE411505T1 (de) 2008-10-15
DE602004017072D1 (de) 2008-11-27

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