EP1462220A1 - Gesteuerter Schraubenschlüssel - Google Patents

Gesteuerter Schraubenschlüssel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1462220A1
EP1462220A1 EP04290603A EP04290603A EP1462220A1 EP 1462220 A1 EP1462220 A1 EP 1462220A1 EP 04290603 A EP04290603 A EP 04290603A EP 04290603 A EP04290603 A EP 04290603A EP 1462220 A1 EP1462220 A1 EP 1462220A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tightening
angle
torque
instantaneous
friction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04290603A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1462220B1 (de
Inventor
Alain Pyre
Gilles Frechon
Pascal Coudrier
Ange-Marie Guillemin
Christian Roure
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA Moteurs SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA Moteurs SA filed Critical SNECMA Moteurs SA
Publication of EP1462220A1 publication Critical patent/EP1462220A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1462220B1 publication Critical patent/EP1462220B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of controlled tightening and more particularly to manual tightening wrenches, such as wrenches load cells, including electrical or electronic means measurement and processing to inform the operator that a value of setpoint is reached.
  • Torque tightening has the advantage of being simple to use. On the other hand, it has a major drawback: for a given tightening torque, the force on the screws varies greatly, following the large dispersion of the coefficient of friction. This is illustrated schematically in Figure 9. In this figure we see that for a given setpoint torque C applied , it results, due to the dispersion of the apparent coefficient of friction [ ⁇ min , ⁇ max ], a dispersion [F min , F max ] of the tensile force F on the hardware and, consequently, of the mechanical deformation.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and to produce a tightening key which prevents oversizing of the connections to be screwed while allowing tightening in one step.
  • the invention aims also to carry out a key which makes it possible to resume without difficulty a tightening interrupted before reaching the target value.
  • a tightening key comprising a means for instantaneous measurement of the applied torque, a head capable of cooperating with a fastening element, said head being equipped with a means of instant measurement of the angle of rotation, and input means for record characteristics of the fastening element as well as a value set point for tightening, characterized in that the key comprises in addition to processing means for calculating the tensile force snapshot on the fasteners according to the instantaneous values measured torque and angle as well as characteristics of the item of fasteners saved.
  • the instantaneous tensile force is directly calculated during tightening which allows either to be able to directly perform a tightening effort-controlled, i.e. having the value of the effort at the end of Tightening.
  • the quality of the clamping can therefore be checked directly during tightening or at the end of it. Oversizing bonds can thus be avoided.
  • the wrench of the present invention also allows obtain and memorize a set of information on the coefficient of apparent friction of the connection, in particular the evolution of this coefficient as a function of speed and time as well as the difference between the static and dynamic coefficient of friction. Access to this type of information relating to the coefficient of friction makes it possible to detect possible anomalies such as binding seizure if the coefficient of friction detected is too high.
  • the processing means calculate the instantaneous effort in time real, which makes it possible to tighten the fastening element in one single step.
  • the processing means include software means for calculating the coefficient of instant friction of the fastening element or to resume a tightening interrupted before reaching the set value.
  • the means of processing include software means to detect automatically, during the tightening operation, the passage of the elastic domain to the plastic domain and to calculate the instantaneous force tension on the fasteners according to the result of the detection of tightening range.
  • the measuring means instantaneous angle of rotation includes a socket capable of cooperating with the fastening element, a support element formed of a material to low coefficient of friction so as not to disturb the measurement of the torque clamp and a spring interposed between the sleeve and the support element.
  • the end of the support element intended to be in contact with the element of hardware is provided with a material with a high coefficient of friction, such as only rubber, so that the part of the socket used to measure the angle of rotation is supported without turning on the threaded element of screws to tighten.
  • the key may further comprise storage means and a display device for storing and indicating relative information at tightening such as torque and angle of rotation values measured during tightening, the tensile force calculated during tightening, calculated coefficients of static and dynamic friction during tightening, as well as the tightening range.
  • the set value can correspond to a tensile force, to torque, or at a predetermined tightening angle.
  • the device includes warning means controlled by the means of processing when the calculated or measured value reaches the value of setpoint.
  • the instantaneous torque measurement means applied, means of entry, means of treatment and, if applicable the display device are arranged in a handle connected to the wrench head to allow operator to tighten manually.
  • the tightening control method used in the key present invention requires two types of measurements, that of the torque of applied clamping and that of the clamping rotation angle.
  • the torque measurement is carried out in a conventional manner as in most commercial torque wrenches, i.e. by extensometry using signals from strain gauges.
  • the angle of rotation is measured, electrically or electronically, using two concentric cylindrical surfaces of the link.
  • the measuring device used must generate a low coefficient friction between the moving parts so as not to affect significantly the tightening torque taken into account in the calculations.
  • a such a device may for example be a ball system, or else tubes or bars made of materials with low coefficients of friction, such as than Teflon®. The latter type of angle measuring device rotation will be described in more detail later in this description.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram which schematically illustrates the system implemented in the wrench of the present invention.
  • the key firstly comprises programmable processing means, such as a microprocessor or computer 1, for carrying out the calculations necessary for controlling the tightening according to the invention.
  • the microprocessor also has the function of managing the inputs and outputs of the system to allow an operator to control the tightening.
  • the microprocessor 1 receives as input an instantaneous value C (t) of the tightening torque from a device for measuring the torque 2 and an instantaneous value ⁇ ( t ) of the angle of rotation given by a angle measurement 3.
  • the microprocessor 1 is also connected to a data input means, such as a keyboard 4, to allow the operator to indicate the set values (ie effort, torque, angle) that it wishes to achieve as well as the physical parameters of the connection to be tightened which will be used in the calculations.
  • a data input means such as a keyboard 4
  • the system may include an audible warning device 7 and / or a warning device, such as a light-emitting diode 6, which are activated by a warning signal S warning sent by the microprocessor.
  • the system further comprises a display device 5, connected to the microprocessor, for displaying the various data to be entered by the operator as well as all the data available at the end of tightening in digital or graphic form.
  • the tightening control method object of the invention highlights performs a mathematical processing, carried out by the microprocessor, which is described below.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an operation of assembling two parts 130 and 131 by tightening a bolt-type connection 120 comprising a screw 121 and a nut 122.
  • the parts that rotate during tightening are shown in solid lines while the fixed parts are shown in broken lines.
  • a wrench is used to tighten the connection 120.
  • clamping 100 which comprises a head 101 disposed at the end of a sleeve 102.
  • the microprocessor 1, the keyboard 4 and the device display 5 can be included in the handle 102 or else be deported from the key while being connected to it via a serial link for example.
  • the screw 121 includes a threaded part 121A connected to a head 121B which is held in position by a counter-key 104.
  • the assembly of parts 130 and 131 is then produced by tightening the nut 122 by means of the key 100.
  • the key 100 includes a means for measuring (not shown) the applied tightening torque, such as gauges constraints, which delivers an electrical signal proportional to the torque applied.
  • the angle of rotation is measured by a measuring device 110 which comprises a clamping sleeve 112 cooperating with the nut 122.
  • the measuring device 110 measures the rotation differential between the socket 112 and the screw 121.
  • the measure 110 includes a Teflon® bar 111 interposed between the screw 121 and a spring 113 resting on the sleeve 102.
  • a pellet non-slip 114 is interposed between the contact surface of the screw and the bar 111 so that the part of the socket used to measure the angle of rotation is supported without turning on the screw to be tightened.
  • the spring is used to apply sufficient normal force to the non-slip pad to prevent it from rotating.
  • the angle of rotation can be measured according to several conventional techniques such as measurement mechanical (e.g. spiral spring), electrical (e.g. rheostat type), optical or magnetic.
  • the values E, A, L and p are entered by the operator using the keyboard 4.
  • the rotation angle ⁇ (t) is measured by the measuring device 3 of the key.
  • the procedure consists in introducing, before tightening, the values of the following parameters: F set point, p, E, A, L, D t , d, ⁇ , d 2 , ⁇ . Consequently, since the instantaneous force F (t) is calculated throughout the tightening operation, the resulting tightening force will be precisely the target force entered by the operator. Thus, the significant dispersions on the tightening force which existed with the torque tightening wrenches of the prior art are eliminated. Oversizing of the connections is no longer necessary since it guarantees the clamping force obtained in advance.
  • the effort snapshot can be calculated in real time which allows effort tightening in one step.
  • FIG. 3 shows how the instant when the setpoint value F setpoint for the tensile force is reached is determined, depending on whether the mechanical connection remains in the domain of elastic deformations or, on the contrary, reaches the domain of plastic deformations .
  • connection remains in the domain of elastic deformations, it suffices in this case to interrupt the tightening when the force F (t), calculated according to relation (1) reaches the setpoint value F setpoint .
  • the processing means detect, in real time, the start of plasticization by reducing the slope of the curve B. From this moment, F (t) ceases to be determined from (1) which is no longer valid but is calculated as follows.
  • Figure 4 shows the theoretical shape of the coefficient of friction between two surfaces in contact as a function of their relative speed V, that the coefficient of friction ⁇ (t) tends quickly to a constant dynamic ⁇ value .
  • This value can be calculated approximately by means of the relation (2), applied to the limit of the elastic domain, where the relation (1) is still valid to determine the instantaneous tensile force F (t). It then suffices to use the relation (2), reduced in this case to a simple linear equation, with the constant value found for dynamic ⁇ to determine F (t) and stop the tightening when the setpoint value F setpoint is reached for the tensile force.
  • the processing means are programmed to detect in real time the transition from elastic to plastic and change to consequently the calculation of the effort as described above.
  • the tightening key according to the invention also has the advantage of being able to resume interrupted tightening before reaching the set value, unlike conventional torque tightening (trigger key for example). Indeed, in the case of torque tightening with a torque wrench of the prior art, if the tightening was interrupted before its end, it is no longer possible to reach the target force because, as shown Figure 4, when you want to resume tightening, the coefficient of friction is significantly higher than before interruption. It is therefore necessary to apply a tightening torque greater than that specified so that the force in the threaded element can increase again.
  • this situation is automatically detected and managed thanks to instantaneous measurements carried out on the torque C (t) and the angle of rotation ⁇ (t) on the one hand, and with the parameters, in particular the coefficient of friction, calculated according to equations (1) and (2) on the other hand.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of resumption of tightening interrupted with the key according to the invention.
  • point A indicates the moment when tightening is interrupted before reaching the setpoint value, that is to say at the value F stopinterm ⁇ F setpoint .
  • the key processing means detect that the tightening is interrupted because F stopinterm ⁇ F setpoint while the angle of rotation ⁇ (t) no longer changes.
  • the intermediate value F stopinterm is memorized. At this moment, we can remove the socket and do all kinds of control operations on the equipment.
  • the processing means detect it by the information given by the couple C (t) which changes again.
  • the processing means detect the moment when the angle of rotation ⁇ (t) begins to increase again, and, as soon as this is the case, calculate the friction coefficient f (t) , the evolution of which is represented by the curves in lines discontinuous f static 'and f dynamic '.
  • the wrench of the present invention is not limited to tightening bolts.
  • the key can be used to tightening screws, plugs, unions and fittings as illustrated in the figures 6 to 8.
  • the parts which are in rotation during of the tightening are shown in solid lines while the fixed parts are shown in broken lines.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the configuration used for tightening a screw or plug 221 in order to assemble a first part 230 with a second piece 231 tapped to receive the threaded part 221A of the screw.
  • the tightening is carried out with a key 200 similar to the key 100 of the figure 2.
  • the angle of rotation is measured by a measuring device 210 which includes a clamping sleeve 212 cooperating with the head 221B of the screw.
  • the measuring device 210 measures the differential rotation between the sleeve 212 and the first part 230 by means of a spring 213 arranged around the outer periphery of the sleeve, a Teflon tube @ 211, fitted with a non-slip ring 214, being interposed between the spring 213 and the upper surface of the first part 230.
  • Figure 7 shows the tightening of a union 330 on an element 331 with interposition of a seal 332 type seal in V.
  • the device for measuring the angle of rotation 310 includes a clamping sleeve 312 with a spring 313, a Teflon tube @ 311 and, optionally, a non-slip ring 314, to measure the differential rotation between the socket and the element of location 331.
  • Figure 8 shows the tightening of a tapered fitting formed of two pieces of tubing 430 and 431 joined by a ring nut 432.
  • the angle measuring device 410 always formed by a clamping sleeve 412, a spring 413, a tube 411 and a non-slip ring 414, measures the differential rotation between the socket and a counter-wrench clamp 414 used to hold the piece of tubing 431 in position.
  • the tightening operation described above in the particular case of effort tightening of bolts can easily be generalized to others configurations described in relation to FIGS. 6 to 8. To do this, it suffices to adapt the length parameter L to each of these configurations.
  • the parameter L represents the length of the part of the threaded element which is not in screw / nut cooperation, the nut can be a part as in the figure 6.
  • the wrench and its measuring and checking means can also be used for other tightening methods such as tightening to the torque, to the angle, to the torque then to the angle (or vice versa), to the torque with angle control (or vice versa).
  • torque tightening tightening is carried out in the same way as with a conventional electronic key. It suffices to introduce the target torque C setpoint (figure 1) onto the key, then to tighten until an audible and / or light signal announces that the required torque has been obtained. The specific instrumentation of the sockets is not used in this type of tightening.
  • angle tightening tightening is carried out according to the same principle as that of torque tightening. It is sufficient to indicate on the key the targeted tightening angle ⁇ setpoint and then tighten until an audible and / or light signal announces that the imposed tightening angle has been obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
EP04290603A 2003-03-26 2004-03-05 Gesteuerter Schraubenschlüssel Expired - Lifetime EP1462220B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0303695 2003-03-26
FR0303695A FR2852879B1 (fr) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Cle a serrage controle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1462220A1 true EP1462220A1 (de) 2004-09-29
EP1462220B1 EP1462220B1 (de) 2006-01-04

Family

ID=32799750

Family Applications (1)

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EP04290603A Expired - Lifetime EP1462220B1 (de) 2003-03-26 2004-03-05 Gesteuerter Schraubenschlüssel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7036407B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1462220B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE314905T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004000304T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2255038T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2852879B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3002471A1 (fr) * 2013-02-28 2014-08-29 Snecma Outil de montage d'une bague interieure de roulement portant une cage de roulement et des vis de maintien dans une turbomachine
EP3147081A1 (de) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-29 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Vorrichtung zur überwachung der temperatur und des festziehvorgangs einer schraube

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4435012B2 (ja) * 2005-04-07 2010-03-17 京都機械工具株式会社 トルクレンチ
US7475619B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2009-01-13 The Stanley Works Over torque proof socket
FR2887166A1 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-22 Renault Sas Procede de serrage de vis a l'aide d'un outil automatique
US7565844B2 (en) * 2005-11-28 2009-07-28 Snap-On Incorporated Torque-angle instrument
US20080127786A1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2008-06-05 Chih-Ching Hsieh Hand tool with earphone
US8087330B2 (en) * 2006-12-05 2012-01-03 Chih-Ching Hsieh Hand tool with warning effect
US7311025B1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2007-12-25 American Power Tool Company Powered driver with location specific switching
US7779704B1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-24 George Chu Anti-vibration torque sensing and control device for tools
US20100199782A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Chih-Ching Hsieh Torque-Angle Alarm Method and Wrench thereof
US20130008015A1 (en) * 2010-02-08 2013-01-10 Junkers John K Apparatus and methods for tightening threaded fasteners
CN104149062B (zh) * 2014-06-30 2016-04-06 山东中兴电动工具有限公司 一种可控预紧力电动扳手
WO2018003571A1 (ja) * 2016-06-27 2018-01-04 日本バルカー工業株式会社 フランジの締付け管理方法、締付け管理システム、締付け管理プログラムおよび締付け管理装置
US11602810B2 (en) * 2019-01-29 2023-03-14 Jörg Hohmann Method for documented tightening and re-tightening of a screw connection
US11612989B2 (en) * 2019-11-21 2023-03-28 Aktiebolaget Skf Device, system and method for measuring angle adjustment of a hookspanner wrench to accurately tighten a bearing onto a shaft having an adapter sleeve
CN112879406B (zh) * 2021-01-12 2022-11-04 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 螺纹紧固件的操作方法及控制系统
FR3138930A1 (fr) 2022-08-17 2024-02-23 Safran Aircraft Engines Vis d’assemblage instrumentée

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US4375121A (en) * 1980-04-07 1983-03-01 Sps Technologies Dynamic friction indicator and tightening system usable therewith
DE3327964A1 (de) * 1983-08-03 1985-02-28 Oskar Ing.(grad.) 7073 Lorch Mohilo Verfahren zum identifizieren von verbindungsschrauben nach typ und/oder anziehvorschrift
DE4404419A1 (de) * 1994-02-11 1995-08-24 Schatz Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum gesteuerten Festziehen von Schraubverbindungen
WO1998022263A1 (de) * 1996-11-19 1998-05-28 Hohmann Joerg Kraftschrauber
FR2780785A1 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-07 Sam Outillage Procede et dispositif de mesure et de serrage d'un assemblage par organe filete
EP1022097A2 (de) * 1999-01-22 2000-07-26 BLM S.a.s. di L. Bareggi & C. Drehmomentschlüssel mit Winkelsensor ohne äusseren Referenzpunkt
WO2000064639A1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 Atlas Copco Tools Ab System for tightening fasteners having ultra-sonic sound wave generating and sensing means

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US4333220A (en) * 1980-01-18 1982-06-08 Sps Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for tightening an assembly including a pre-load indicating fastener
US4858312A (en) * 1988-04-18 1989-08-22 Ideal Industries, Inc. Torque control for automatic connector assembly tool
US5154242A (en) * 1990-08-28 1992-10-13 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Power tools with multi-stage tightening torque control
DE19637067A1 (de) * 1996-09-12 1998-03-19 Saltus Werk Max Forst Gmbh Drehmomentschlüssel
US6119562A (en) * 1999-07-08 2000-09-19 Jenkins; Bradley G. Electromechanical releasing torque wrench

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4375121A (en) * 1980-04-07 1983-03-01 Sps Technologies Dynamic friction indicator and tightening system usable therewith
DE3327964A1 (de) * 1983-08-03 1985-02-28 Oskar Ing.(grad.) 7073 Lorch Mohilo Verfahren zum identifizieren von verbindungsschrauben nach typ und/oder anziehvorschrift
DE4404419A1 (de) * 1994-02-11 1995-08-24 Schatz Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum gesteuerten Festziehen von Schraubverbindungen
WO1998022263A1 (de) * 1996-11-19 1998-05-28 Hohmann Joerg Kraftschrauber
FR2780785A1 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-07 Sam Outillage Procede et dispositif de mesure et de serrage d'un assemblage par organe filete
EP1022097A2 (de) * 1999-01-22 2000-07-26 BLM S.a.s. di L. Bareggi & C. Drehmomentschlüssel mit Winkelsensor ohne äusseren Referenzpunkt
WO2000064639A1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 Atlas Copco Tools Ab System for tightening fasteners having ultra-sonic sound wave generating and sensing means

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3002471A1 (fr) * 2013-02-28 2014-08-29 Snecma Outil de montage d'une bague interieure de roulement portant une cage de roulement et des vis de maintien dans une turbomachine
WO2014131989A3 (fr) * 2013-02-28 2014-11-27 Snecma Outil, procédé et kit de montage d'une bague intérieure de roulement portant une cage de roulement et des vis de maintien dans une turbomachine
US9938856B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2018-04-10 Snecma Tool for fitting an inner bearing race carrying a bearing cage and screws for retaining in a turbomachine
RU2660548C2 (ru) * 2013-02-28 2018-07-06 Снекма Инструмент для установки внутреннего кольца подшипника, несущего обойму подшипника, и винты для удержания в турбомашине
EP3147081A1 (de) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-29 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Vorrichtung zur überwachung der temperatur und des festziehvorgangs einer schraube
FR3041719A1 (fr) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-31 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de surveillance de la temperature et du serrage d'une vis
US10365122B2 (en) 2015-09-25 2019-07-30 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Device for monitoring temperature and tightening of a screw

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2852879A1 (fr) 2004-10-01
DE602004000304D1 (de) 2006-03-30
DE602004000304T2 (de) 2006-09-21
ES2255038T3 (es) 2006-06-16
ATE314905T1 (de) 2006-02-15
US7036407B2 (en) 2006-05-02
FR2852879B1 (fr) 2007-04-06
EP1462220B1 (de) 2006-01-04
US20040187652A1 (en) 2004-09-30

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