EP1459582A2 - Systeme et procede de maximisation de capacite dans un systeme de telecommunication - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de maximisation de capacite dans un systeme de telecommunication

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Publication number
EP1459582A2
EP1459582A2 EP02804629A EP02804629A EP1459582A2 EP 1459582 A2 EP1459582 A2 EP 1459582A2 EP 02804629 A EP02804629 A EP 02804629A EP 02804629 A EP02804629 A EP 02804629A EP 1459582 A2 EP1459582 A2 EP 1459582A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protocol
usage level
power
metric
code
Prior art date
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Application number
EP02804629A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1459582B1 (fr
Inventor
Ashvin Chheda
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Nortel Networks Ltd
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Nortel Networks Ltd
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
    • H04W52/346—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading distributing total power among users or channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/26—Resource reservation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation

Definitions

  • Telecommunications systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA) systems
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the constraints may include resource limitations such as a maximum number of available user identification codes (such as Walsh codes or orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes) or a maximum amount of available power. For example, if a system only has one hundred and twenty-eight available codes per sector, then a theoretical maximum of one hundred and twenty-eight users per sector may use the system at once, assuming there is sufficient power to support the users.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • OVSF orthogonal variable spreading factor
  • a telecommunications system may use one of a number of different protocols or radio configurations to establish a communication session and each protocol may provide certain benefits and have certain resource needs. For example, a system may utilize one of several different protocols to establish and carry a voice communication session depending on information carried in the request for the session. One of the protocols may be generally limited by the number of available codes while another protocol may be generally limited by the amount of available power. However, due to the underlying network structure and other factors, a protocol may be selected for the communication session without regard to the system's resource levels.
  • a method for maximizing a number of communication sessions in a telecommunications system is provided.
  • the telecommunications system is constrained by a maximum number of user codes and a maximum amount of power, and utilizes a protocol to establish a communication session.
  • the protocol is selected from multiple protocols, and may be a first protocol that is more efficient in power use than code use or a second protocol that is more efficient in code use than power use.
  • the method obtains two metrics from the telecommunications system.
  • the first metric is associated with a percentage of the maximum number of user codes being used by the telecommunications system and the second metric is associated with a percentage of the maximum amount of power being used by the telecommunications system.
  • the two metrics are compared to identify which of the two metrics is greater.
  • the second protocol is then selected to establish the new communication session if the first metric is greater and the first protocol is selected to establish the new communication session if the second metric is greater. Selecting a protocol using this method enables the telecommunications system to utilize its codes and power more efficiently, and to maximize the number of communication sessions that may be simultaneously handled.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for selecting one of a plurality of protocols based on a telecommunications system's resource usage levels.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph illustrating the application of the protocols utilized by the method of
  • Fig. 1 to multiple zones representing different ratios of code usage and power usage.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram of an exemplary telecommunications network within which the selection of a preferred protocol may be practiced.
  • Fig. 4 is a bar graph illustrating a level of code usage and a level of power usage relative to a blocking threshold.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating the application of the specific protocols utilized by the method of Fig. 5 to multiple zones representing different ratios of code usage and power usage.
  • Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a method for determining which component of the network of
  • Fig. 3 will select the preferred protocol during soft handoff.
  • Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for selecting a preferred protocol in the network of Fig.
  • Figs. 9a, 9b are a flowchart of a method for selecting a preferred protocol in the network of Fig. 3 for a data communication in combination with the establishment of multiple communication channels.
  • Fig. 10 is a graph illustrating the application of hysteresis to the graph of Fig. 5. Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment
  • the present disclosure relates generally to communications systems and, more particularly, to maximizing capacity in a telecommunications system. It is understood, however, that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
  • a method 10 is operable to select one of a number of protocols using steps 12-34 to establish a communication session in a telecommunications system.
  • the selection of the protocol may be based on a user code usage level and power usage level.
  • the system may have a limited number of user codes and a limited amount of power, and when either resource reaches a predetermined level of use, new users may be "blocked" and not permitted to utilize the system until the resources become available.
  • the blocking generally occurs when either resource reaches a predefined blocking threshold usually representing a maximum available level of a resource. As is illustrated in Fig.
  • a graph 40 illustrates four zones 42, 44, 46, and 48 referenced against a level of power usage (P u ) 50 and a level of code usage (C u ) 52.
  • Each zone 42-48 represents a different distribution of power usage and code usage in a telecommunications system. For example, zone 42 represents the system when there is a high level of power usage but a relatively low level of code usage, while zone 48 represents the system when there is a low level of power usage but a relatively high level of code usage.
  • step 16 a determination is made as to whether either the code usage level or the power usage level exceeds unity, which implies that the code and/or power blocking thresholds have been exceeded, respectively. If either the code usage level or power usage level exceeds unity, the communication session is blocked in step 18 and the method ends. If neither usage level exceeds its blocking threshold, then a determination is made in step 20 as to which protocol should be selected for the communication session. In the present example, this determination compares the code usage level to the power usage level. If the code usage level is greater than the power usage level, either X3 or X4 should be selected and the method continues to step 22, where a determination is made as to whether X3 or X4 should be used.
  • This determination may be based on a ratio between the code and power usage levels (as shown in step 20 and may also include a bias weight assignment), a second comparison similar to that of step 20, or other desired criteria.
  • the determination made in step 22 results in one of the protocols X4 or X3 being selected in steps 24, 26, respectively, before the system informs the communication device in step 34 of the preferred protocol.
  • the BTS may inform another device such as a base station controller (BSC) of the selection, and the BSC may update the messaging between a network and the mobile device to reflect the protocol usage requirements.
  • BSC base station controller
  • the actual execution of the update may depend on the architecture scheme of the infrastructure.
  • a telecommunications network 60 illustrates a system in which the method described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2 may be practiced.
  • the network 60 comprises a plurality of cells 62a, 62b, which, for purposes of clarity, are omni-cells (e.g., not sectorized). In general, a cell may contain more than one sector if the cell is not an omni-cell. For instance, a tri-sectored cell contains three sectors.
  • the terms "cell” and “sector” are used interchangeably in the present disclosure.
  • the network 60 is a wireless network, and may be connected to other wireless and/or wireline networks, such as a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 64.
  • PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
  • the network 60 is a code division multiple access (CDMA) based network, which may be compatible with a variety of standards including, but not limited to, Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Each standard may be further divided into a plurality of different protocols.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • IS95 may include Radio Configuration 1 (RC1) and RC2 (also known as Rate Set 1 (RSI) and Rate Set 2 (RS2)), while IS2000 may be backwards compatible with RC1 and RC2 and also include RC3, RC4, and RC5.
  • RC1 and RC2 also known as Rate Set 1 (RSI) and Rate Set 2 (RS2)
  • RSI Rate Set 1
  • RS2 Rate Set 2
  • Other known differences may exist between the standards.
  • IS2000 may include faster power control (e.g., between the BTS 66a and the mobile device 72) and more bandwidth efficient modulation than some other standards.
  • the network 60 utilizes the RC3 and RC4 protocols to establish a voice call, although it is understood that many different protocols and standards may be utilized to establish a variety of communication session types.
  • the maximum number of codes available in a protocol such as RC3 or RC4 generally does not translate to the number of users supportable per sector. There are two primary reasons for this. The first reason is that the number of users in a sector may not be limited by the number of codes available, but rather by the amount of power available. The second reason is that users may be in "handoff with multiple sectors, which implies that multiple codes in the system are being utilized by a single user, some fractions of the time. A handoff occurs when a user travels from one sector to another (e.g., from the cell 62a to the cell 62b).
  • the network 60 In order to continue the call without interruption, the network 60 must enable the origination cell 62a (which the user is exiting) to handoff or transfer the communication session to the destination cell 62b (which the user is entering). Accordingly, for a duration of time both cells, 62a and 62b, may be communicating with the mobile device 72. If codes are not available for handoff, the mobile device 72 will be dropped as it propagates further into cell 62b if the BTS 66b has no available codes.
  • the power blocking threshold is set below the rating of the PA for a number of reasons.
  • An active call is generally not blocked, as from a subscriber's perspective this is a dropped call, which is a quality issue. Accordingly, if the users are requiring more power than is available, the current users may go into power limitation with associated call quality degradation and new users may be blocked.
  • the network 60 may queue the data rather than block the session entirely.
  • a sector solely using RC4 may face power limitations more frequently than code limitations (e.g., the sector may reach the power blocking threshold more frequently than the code blocking threshold).
  • the protocols may be designed such that there is a trade-off between bandwidth efficiency and power efficiency. Accordingly, schemes that improve one may typically degrade the other. For example, using coding at reduced rates will increase the power efficiency but reduce the bandwidth efficiency.
  • changing the modulation schemes e.g., from quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) to 8-ary phase shift keying (8-PSK), or high order quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM or 64-QAM) may increase the bandwidth efficiency but reduce the power efficiency.
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • 8-PSK 8-ary phase shift keying
  • 64-QAM high order quadrature amplitude modulation
  • a filtering procedure with a relatively short time constant may be used to average the output power over time, such that the amount of power used in equation (2) is a filtered value that averages out the very short time power spikes that may occur in CDMA. It is noted that while the present example defines the power usage level by equation (2), the power usage level may also be defined in numerous other ways. For example, a metric that is indirectly associated with the power usage level may be utilized in place of the calculation of equation (2).
  • a code usage level 80 and a power usage level 82 are illustrated relative to a blocking threshold 84.
  • the code usage level 80 and the power usage level 82 may be calculated as described in reference to Fig. 3.
  • the blocking threshold 84 may be set at a predetermined level, which is lower than an actual maximum resource level 86. It is noted that each of the code and power usage levels may have a separate blocking threshold.
  • the code usage level 80 and power usage level 82 are normalized so that they reach the blocking threshold 84 when their applicable resources are at the maximum allowed level.
  • each value is normalized so that the threshold represents the maximum available code and power usage. As shown, approximately 75% of the available codes are in use, while only approximately 50% of the available power is in use.
  • a blocking algorithm may be utilized to monitor the code and power usage levels and to determine whether to block a new user due to insufficient resources.
  • the current utilization of codes and power may be reviewed to determine whether the BTS 66a is currently operating in zone 122 or 124. If the BTS 66a has a high level of power usage but has a relatively low level of code usage (zone 122), the network 60 would inform the user's device 72 to use the protocol RC3, which will minimize power usage. Because the level of power usage is greater than the level of code usage, selecting the protocol that uses less power will prevent the system from reaching the blocking threshold as quickly.
  • step 110 a determination is made in step 110 as to which protocol should be selected for the call. In the present example, this determination involves a comparison as to whether the code usage exceeds the power usage:
  • the present calculation includes a "skewing factor" denoted H v (and illustrated in Fig. 6 as the boundary line 130) for a voice call skewing factor.
  • a different skewing factor H D may be used for data sessions.
  • the skewing factor H v which may be zero, enables corrections to be made in the comparison.
  • the BTS 66a may consistently run out of one resource before the other.
  • the BTS 66a may consistently reach the blocking threshold on code usage while rarely blocking on power.
  • the skewing factor H v may be used to account for this imbalance by taking the irregularities of the cell 62a into account and biasing the calculation with respect to power usage.
  • step 112 If the code usage level is greater then the power usage level, RC4 is selected in step 112 and the BTS 66a informs the BSC 68 that RC4 is the preferred protocol in step 116. If the power usage level exceeds the code usage level, RC3 is selected in step 114 and the BTS 66a informs the BSC 68 that RC3 is the preferred protocol in step 116.
  • step 118 the network 60 notifies the mobile device 72 of the configuration to use, and the call is set up to transmit traffic on the forward link using the configuration. This set up procedure may involve standardized messages between the network 60 and the mobile device 72, and standardized or non-standardized messages between the BSC 68 and the BTS 66a.
  • a method 140 illustrates determining a preferred protocol when a communication session is initiated in the handoff region 78.
  • any one of the BTSs 66a, 66b may be able to select a preferred protocol.
  • the BTS selecting the preferred protocol may select a protocol that is disadvantageous to the other BTS. Then, if the user moves from the handoff region 78 into the cell 62a, 62b serviced by the disadvantaged BTS, the BTS resources will not have been optimally utilized. Accordingly, the method 140 enables the BTS closest to the blocking threshold to select the preferred protocol.
  • the reference BTS may be the BTS that is used to decide the protocol.
  • the reference BTS is defined as the BTS associated with the earliest arriving usable multipath at the mobile device 72. This is usually the BTS associated with the closest cell site to the mobile device 72.
  • the mobile device 72 informs the network 60 as to which is the reference BTS.
  • the reference is generally used for all timing requirements by the mobile device 72. This method minimizes the messaging between the BTSs 66a, 66b and the BSC 68, but may not be optimal in some situations.
  • a number of BTSs receive a new call request in a handoff region.
  • Each BTS obtains the current estimates of its code usage level and power usage level in step 144 and sends the estimates to the associated BSC in step 146.
  • the BSC selects the BTS which is to choose the preferred protocol based on the general calculation:
  • step 146 power used / power blocking limit
  • C u codes used / code blocking limit (with normalized codes)
  • N total number of BTSs that may establish the communication session.
  • This calculation identifies the maximum code usage level or power usage level from the estimates received in step 146. This enables the BSC to select the BTS closest to the blocking threshold of either the code usage level or the power usage level. The BSC then notifies the selected BTS that it is to determine the preferred protocol.
  • the BTS may determine the preferred protocol as previously described in reference to Figs. 1-5.
  • the BSC may choose the protocol based on the estimates received in step 146 and notify the selected BTSs in handoff of the preferred protocol to use with the mobile device 72. Referring now to Fig.
  • a method 160 uses the BTS 66a, 66b and/or the BSC 68 in ways known in the art to determine a variety of network parameters. This may occur prior to the selection of a preferred protocol as described previously.
  • a request for a new session is received.
  • the request is analyzed in step 164 and determined to be a request for a data session of 38.4 kbs.
  • the BTSs 66a, 66b and/or BSC 68 determines what rates are available and what options may be available.
  • Exemplary options may include different levels of code and power usage in a CDMA network utilizing RC3 and RC4, a spreading factor and coding rate types in a CDMA network using UMTS, the billing profile of the user, or other factors (such as the use of Turbo coding rather than Convolutional coding, power control options, etc.) which may influence the establishment of the session.
  • step 168 If a decision is made in step 168 based on the results of step 166 that no data transfer session can be supported at any rate, the session is either blocked or queued in step 170. If a data transfer session is supportable, the maximum transfer rate (generally up to the requested rate of, in this example, 38.4 kbs) is selected in step 172. In step 174, a determination is made as to whether there are multiple protocols available at the selected transfer rate. If multiple protocols are available, a preferred protocol is selected from the available protocols in step 176 as described previously in reference to Figs. 1-7. The selection of the preferred protocol may utilize a skewing factor H d if desired. The session is then established in step 178 at the selected transfer rate using the preferred protocol.
  • the maximum transfer rate generally up to the requested rate of, in this example, 38.4 kbs
  • step 174 determines that there are not multiple protocols available to support the maximum transfer rate, then a determination is made in step 180 as to whether the session should be established using the available protocol or whether the transfer rate should be downgraded. If the sessions is to be established using the available protocol, the method continues to step 178 and the session is established. If the decision is made to downgrade the transfer rate, the method selects the next lowest transfer rate available (for example, 19.2 kbs) and returns to step 174.
  • the next lowest transfer rate available for example, 19.2 kbs
  • a method 190 may be implemented in the network 60 of Fig. 3. Although similar to the method 160 described in reference to Fig. 8, the method 190 illustrates the selection of a preferred protocol in combination with the establishment of a Fundamental channel (FCH) and a Supplemental channel (SCH).
  • FCH Fundamental channel
  • SCH Supplemental channel
  • a new communication session request for a data transfer is received by a reference BTS (the BTS 66a of the cell 62a) from the mobile device 72.
  • the BTS 66a obtains a code usage level and a power usage level to determine whether to select RC3 or RC4 as the preferred protocol.
  • the skewing factor H v of equation (3) may be denoted H DFCH .
  • H DFGH may be chosen to bias the selection of the preferred protocol specifically with respect to the FCH. The determination that occurs in step 194 has been previously described and will not be repeated in the present example.
  • the BTS 66a determines in step 200 whether sufficient resources (such as codes and power) exist to establish the FCH. If the resources do exist, the BTS 66a and the BSC 68 establish the FCH in step 202. If the resources do not exist, the BTS 66a may alter the protocol selection in step 204 (e.g., if RC3 was selected in step 194, then the BTS 66a may select RC4 in step 204). In step 206, the BTS 66a may determine whether sufficient resources exist to establish the FCH using the protocol selected in step 204. If the resources do not exist, the session may be blocked in step 208.
  • sufficient resources such as codes and power
  • the FCH is established by the BTS 66a and the BSC 68 in step 202. It is noted that there may be a plurality of protocols (other than RC3 and RC4 in the present example) and steps 204 and 206 may be repeated to determine whether resources exist for any number of the protocols. Also, it should be noted that if the session is initiated in a handoff region, the discussion referenced with respect to Figure 7 may be applicable.
  • the BTS 66a sends power information to the BSC 68 about the FCH and the BSC 68 uses the power information to calculate possible power requirements for setting up the SCH for a variety of data rates and protocols.
  • a table or similar data compilation is created by the BSC 68 that lists the power requirements for a particular rate and protocol based on the current FCH in use. For example, a rate of 19.2 kbs using RC3 may need a first amount of power, a rate of 19.2 kbs using RC4 may need a second amount of power, and a rate of 38.4 kbs using RC3 may need a third amount of power.
  • the calculations may go up to the maximum data rate specified by the profile of that particular user/terminal. For instance, a particular user may have a more expensive billing plan that permits a rate of up to 307.2 kbs, whereas another user may have a cheaper plan that caps the rate at 153.6 kbs.
  • the BSC 68 sends the table to the BTS 66a.
  • the BTS(s) may compute the required SCH power for each data rate and protocol type based on the power of the FCH currently in use. Accordingly, a table may not be sent by the BSC to the BTS(s).
  • the BTS 66a uses a skewing factor H DSCH , the BTS 66a obtains a new code usage level and a new power usage level to determine whether to select RC3 or RC4 as the preferred protocol as previously described. This determination may occur, for example, to update the preferred protocol based on changes in the code and power usage levels originally obtained in step 194 due in part to a finite time lapse between these events.
  • the BTS 66a sets the transfer rate at the highest available rate as determined by the preferred protocol in step 220.
  • the discussion referenced with respect to Figure 7 may be applicable.
  • the most critical BTS in terms of Cu and Pu may be used to determine the transfer rate.
  • the reference BTS may be used.
  • the BTS 66a determines in step 222 whether sufficient resources (such as codes and power) exist to establish the SCH.
  • the BTS is able to compute how much power is available to it at a given time, and from the table provided by the BSC in Step 212 or from the computed FCH power, can determine whether it has the power resources to handle a particular SCH data rate and protocol. Similarly, the BTS knows how much code space remains, and can determine what rates under what protocols it can handle. If the resources do exist, the BTS 66a establishes the SCH in step 228.
  • the BTS 66a may alter the protocol selection in step 224 (e.g., if RC3 was selected in step 214, then the BTS 66a may select RC4 in step 224).
  • the BTS 66a may determine whether sufficient resources exist to establish the SCH using the protocol selected in step 224. If the resources do exist, the SCH is established by the BTS 66a in step 228. If the resources do not exist, the original protocol (selected in step 214) may be reselected as the current protocol in step 230, and a determination is made as to whether a lower rate may be used in step 232.
  • the method 190 may backoff from attempting to establish the SCH and return to step 210 after a random or finite time to update the table and attempt to re-establish a SCH. If a lower rate does exist, the lower rate is selected in step 236 and the method returns to step 222 to determine whether the resources exist to establish the SCH.
  • the selection algorithm is again initiated if a new session is initiated.
  • the FCH may be continuously active between multiple SCH data sessions. Accordingly, each time a new session is initiated, the algorithm as described above may be run for the SCH to determine the preferred protocol to use.
  • lower rates may be considered with the current protocol rather than switching protocols as discussed in relation to Step 224. If no lower rate calls can be connected with the preferred protocol may the protocol be switched and again starting from the maximum rate requested, determine what rate can be supported with the other protocol.
  • each SCH set up would go through the procedure outlined in Figs. 9a and 9b to determine the protocol to be used. Consequently, the FCH and each of the SCHs may be using different protocols.
  • the network 60 of Fig. 3 may utilize a partition to reserve one portion of the available codes and power for voice communications and another portion for data communications. For example, sixty percent of the available codes and power may be reserved for voice communications and the remaining forty percent may be reserved for data communications. Alternatively, a different percentage may be reserved of codes and power. For example, the available codes may be split with sixty percent reserved for voice and forty percent reserved for data, while the power may be split with fifty percent reserved for both voice and data.
  • the partition may be a "hard” or a "soft" partition.
  • a hard partition may be set so that once the available reserved resources (e.g., codes or power) for either voice or data are exhausted, the voice or data must wait until some of the reserved resources are released before establishing another session.
  • a soft partition may be vary depending on a variety of factors such as the skewing factor H v or H d .
  • the selection of the preferred protocol as described above may be utilized with traffic allocation and dynamic load balancing as taught in U.S. Patent No. 6,069,871, filed on March 6, 1998, and also assigned to Nortel Networks Corp., entitled "TRAFFIC ALLOCATION AND DYNAMIC LOAD BALANCING IN A MULTIPLE CARRIER CELLULAR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM” and hereby incorporated by reference as if reproduced in its entirety.
  • the selection of the preferred protocol as described above with respect to Fig. 6 may occur at times other than call origination. As in Fig.
  • the graph 120 illustrates two zones 122 and 124 referenced against the level of power usage (P J 126 and the level of code usage (C u ) 128, both of which may be normalized.
  • Each zone 122, 124 represents a different distribution of power usage and code usage in the BTS 66a as previously described.
  • the zones 122, 124 are divided by the boundary line 130.
  • Two hysteresis zones 250, 252 represent areas in which a communication session may not be switched from one protocol to the other as described below.
  • a set of triggers may be initiated to force a re-selection procedure during the communication session.
  • a timer may be used such that every thirty seconds into the session, the BTS(s) 66a, 66b of Fig. 3 compute the code usage and power usage to determine if the settings are still optimal for that particular session. If the settings are optimal, nothing further is done for another thirty seconds (or some other random back-off time).
  • the preferred protocol e.g., the session falls into zone 122 or zone 250
  • an RC3 communication session may be switched to an RC4 communication session if the session falls within zone 124, but not if it is within zone 152.
  • the network 60 and the mobile device 72 may change the protocol during the communication session.
  • the procedure to change the session may depend on the underlying technology (e.g., UMTS or IS2000). In some technologies, it may be easier than others. For example, the relevant message structures may be in place in some technologies, while other technologies may need a hard handoff to change the session. In still other technologies, the protocol change may not be possible unless the call is dropped first (which operators may not favor).
  • monitoring the communication session may not be based on time, but may be based on the data rate of the session, the proximity of the BTSs to a blocking threshold, etc., or a combination of such triggers.
  • the principles outlined are not constrained to only the downlink or forward link.
  • the principles may also be applied to the uplink or reverse link (e.g., the mobile device to the BTS).
  • S-CDMA Synchronous CDMA
  • the users in the sector on the reverse link may be timed such that their transmissions reach the BTS at the same time.
  • This allows the use of orthogonal codes to maintain the orthogonality of reverse link signals, which increases reverse link capacity and coverage.
  • the S-CDMA system sector might obtain a code usage measurement on the reverse link based on the protocols used in the reverse link by the current active users in its area.
  • the system and/or sector may construct a power usage metric from measurements at the BTS or poll the active users on the reverse link to send an estimate of their current average power used on the reverse link. If the power usage is constructed at the BTS, then the rise over thermal noise may be used as an indication of power usage. In general, the reverse link power usage is directly proportional to the rise over thermal noise in the reverse link.
  • Protocols that are power efficient will require a lower Eb/No (Energy per bit to noise power spectral density) than protocols that are less power efficient for the same grade of service. Protocols requiring a lower Eb/No may transmit less power and result in a lower noise rise over the thermal noise floor at the BTS for a given number of users on average. Accordingly, a threshold rise over thermal noise limit may be specified to compare the measured rise over thermal noise currently in the system to obtain an indication of P u (which is not a direct measurement of power usage, but rather an indirect indication of power usage). If the active users are polled, each terminal specifies to the network the average power used at that time to the system.
  • the BTS, the BSC, and/or the mobile device may not exist in the same fashion in other technologies or implementations, but the same functionality may be achieved using other components.
  • other methods of obtaining or calculating factors such as the code usage level or the power usage level may be utilized in developing a desired solution. Therefore, the claims should be interpreted in a broad manner, consistent with the present disclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé de maximisation du nombre de sessions de communication dans un réseau de télécommunication. Le réseau comprend plusieurs protocoles utilisant chacun un certain nombre de codes et une certaine quantité d'énergie. Par conséquent, le caractère désirable de chaque protocole peut varier en fonction du nombre de codes et de la quantité d'énergie disponible. Un niveau d'utilisation de code et un niveau d'utilisation d'énergie pour le réseau sont obtenus et comparés pour déterminer si le réseau utilise un fort pourcentage des codes disponibles ou un fort pourcentage de l'énergie disponible. Si un fort pourcentage des codes est utilisé, une nouvelle session peut être établie en faisant appel à un protocole employant relativement peu de codes mais beaucoup d'énergie. De même, si un fort pourcentage d'énergie est utilisé, une nouvelle session peut être établie en faisant appel à un protocole employant relativement peu d'énergie mais beaucoup de codes.
EP02804629A 2001-12-10 2002-10-30 Procédé et système de maximisation de capacité dans un système de télécommunication Expired - Fee Related EP1459582B1 (fr)

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US14093 1979-02-22
US10/014,093 US6944147B2 (en) 2001-12-10 2001-12-10 System and method for maximizing capacity in a telecommunications system
PCT/IB2002/004524 WO2003051083A2 (fr) 2001-12-10 2002-10-30 Systeme et procede de maximisation de capacite dans un systeme de telecommunication

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EP1459582A2 true EP1459582A2 (fr) 2004-09-22
EP1459582B1 EP1459582B1 (fr) 2009-02-11

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US (1) US6944147B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1459582B1 (fr)
CN (2) CN101404812B (fr)
AU (1) AU2002366669A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60231147D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003051083A2 (fr)

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WO2003051083A2 (fr) 2003-06-19
EP1459582B1 (fr) 2009-02-11
CN101404812A (zh) 2009-04-08
AU2002366669A1 (en) 2003-06-23
US20030231586A1 (en) 2003-12-18
DE60231147D1 (de) 2009-03-26
CN1739311A (zh) 2006-02-22
WO2003051083A3 (fr) 2003-09-25
CN101404812B (zh) 2012-05-23
US6944147B2 (en) 2005-09-13
AU2002366669A8 (en) 2003-06-23

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