EP1450628A1

EP1450628A1 - Powder formulation comprising conjugated octadecapolyenic acids

Info

Publication number: EP1450628A1
Application number: EP02792813A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Bewert; Morton Mohr Hansen; Oliver Hasselwander; Ulrike Sindel; Arne Ptock; Willy Hinz; Angelika-Maria Pfeiffer; Andreas Habich; Bruno Kaesler
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 2001-11-27
Filing date: 2002-11-27
Publication date: 2004-09-01
Also published as: WO2003045168A1; US20050118208A1; DE10158046A1; AU2002358548A1

Abstract

The invention relates to powder formulations, comprising at least one conjugated trans-/cis-octadecapolyenic acid and the production and use thereof for application in foodstuffs, foodstuff adjuncts, animal feeds, animal feed adjuncts, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.

Description

POWDER-SHAPED FORMULATION CONTAINING CONJUGATED OCTADECAPOLYANIC ACID

The present invention relates to a formulation for use in food, food supplements, animal feed,

Feed additives, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations and their production and use.

Fatty acids have a multitude of applications in the food industry, animal nutrition, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Depending on whether they are free saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or triglycerides with an increased content of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, they are suitable for a wide variety of applications. A high proportion of lipids with unsaturated fatty acids and especially with polyunsaturated fatty acids is important for the nutrition of animals and humans, as these also have a positive influence on the triglyceride or cholesterol level and thus reduce the risk of heart disease. Unsaturated fatty acids are used in various diet foods or medications. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential nutrients because the human and animal organism cannot build them up itself.

Particularly valuable unsaturated fatty acids are the so-called conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids are rather rare compared to other polyunsaturated fatty acids. CLA is a collective term for positional and structural isomers of linoleic acid, which are characterized by a conjugated double bond system starting at the carbon atom 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11. Geometric isomers, i.e. cis-cis, trans-cis, cis-trans, trans-trans, exist for each of these positional isomers.

Especially C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 and C18: 2 trans-10, cis-12 CLAs, which are the most biologically active isomers, are of particular interest because they have been shown to be cancer-preventive in animal experiments, and are anti-arteriosclerotic act and reduce body fat in humans and animals. Commercially, CLAs are mainly sold in the form of free fatty acids.

For humans, the most important natural sources of CLA are primarily animal fats. Fats from ruminating animals, such as cattle (Chin. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 5, 1992: 185-197) and sheep, and dairy products have very high CLA concentrations. In cattle there are 2.9 to 8.9 mg CLA / g fat. In contrast, vegetable oils, margarines and fats from non-ruminant animals have CLA concentrations of only 0.6 to 0.9 mg / g fat.

A number of positive effects have been demonstrated for CLA. The administration of conjugated linoleic acid reduces the body fat of humans and animals and improves the feed utilization in animals (WO 94/16690, WO 96/06605, WO 97/46230, WO 97/46118). By administering conjugated linoleic acid, for example, allergies (WO 97/32008), diabetes (WO 99/29317) or cancer (Banni, Carcinogenesis, Vol. 20, 1999: 1019-1024, Thompson, Cancer, Res., Vol. 57, 1997: 5067- 5072). Polyunsaturated fatty acids also added baby food to "increase the nutritional value" and as essential building blocks that promote growth and brain development.

Since CLA naturally only occurs in significant amounts in ruminants and in their products, such as milk, cheese, etc., there is a great need for alternative sources to the CLA derived from these animal sources in order to ensure a balanced and healthy diet, especially if the supply of animal fats is reduced and / or insufficient.

Commercially, CLAs are mainly sold as free fatty acids and fatty acid esters. Fatty acids such as CLA are usually not in nature as free fatty acids, but are esterified to triglycerides. In addition, free fatty acids often have an unpleasant smell and are not so well tolerated.

WO 97/37546 discloses mixtures of unhardened and hardened fats with particle sizes between 20 and 50 μm.

Compositions are also known from WO 01/78531 which contain more than 20% of powdered conjugated lynolic acids.

Disadvantage of the previously used octadecapolyenic acids, e.g. B CLAs is that they are not sufficiently stable for long storage.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide formulations of octadecapolyenoic acids which have improved stability and tablettability. In particular, they are said to contain powdered formulations for use in foods, food supplements, feed, feed additives, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations at least one conjugated trans / cis octadecapolyenoic acid with the properties mentioned are made available.

This object is achieved in that less than 5% of the fatty acid component 11-, 13-octadecadienoic acid isomers, 8-, 10-octadecadienoic acid isomers, ice, cis-octadecadienoic acid isomers or trans-, trans-octadecadienoic acid isomers or mixtures of these isomers.

It is very particularly preferred that less than 3% of the fatty acid component 11-, 13-octadecadienoic acid isomers, 8-, 10-octadecadienoic acid isomers, ice, cis-octadecadienoic acid isomers or trans, trans-octadecadienoic acid isomers or mixtures of these isomers are. It is most preferred that less than 1% of the fatty acid component 11, 13 octadecadienoic acid isomers, 8, 10 octadecadienoic acid isomers, ice, cis-octadecadienoic acid isomers or trans, trans-octadecadienoic acid isomers or mixtures of these isomers.

Octadecadienoic acid and octadecatrienoic acid are preferably used as octadecapolyenic acids. These substances can be used individually or as mixtures with other fatty acids if necessary. Other components may also be present. In the following, octadecapolyenic acids mean free acids or their esters as well as alkali and alkaline earth salts, in particular calcium salts.

According to the invention, the use of is particularly preferred

Octadecadienoic. This includes octadecadienoic acids in the form of their free acid or in the form of their esters, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl ester. In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least 50% of the fatty acid portion is 9-cis, 11-trans and 10-trans, 12-cis octadecadienoic acids. It is particularly preferred that at least 60% of the fatty acid portion 9-cis, 11-trans and. Are 10-trans, 12-cis octadecadienoic acids. Fractions of at least 70% are very particularly preferred.

As octadecatrienoic acid, for. B. calendulic acid can be used.

Calendulic acid is a C18: 3 fatty acid with a t8, t10, c12 configuration. It is therefore a conjugated trans / cis octadecatrienoic acid. Calendulic acid is the responsible fatty acid for reducing food intake and improving it

Food utilization in mice when adding calendula oil to the feed, as the comparative experiments in the examples with corn oil show. The chemical production of calendulic acid is described in US 3,356,699. Calendula acid comes naturally e.g. in Calendula officinalis (Earle et al., Lipids, 1, 1964: 325-327, Takagi et al., Lipids, 17, 1981: 716-723, Ul'chenko et al., Lipids of Calendula officinalis, Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 34, 1998: 272-274). Biochemical studies on the synthesis of calendulic acid are known (Crombie et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 15, 1984: 953-955 and J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 1, 1985: 2425-2434 ).

Other conjugated trans / cis octadecatrienoic acids can be obtained by chemical modification of oils containing lininoic acid, e.g. from linseed oil, soybean or hemp oil.

Examples of further octadecapolyenic acids which can be used according to the invention are eleostearic acid or punicic acid. The formulation according to the invention can also contain further unsaturated fatty acids.

The term "fatty acid" is understood to mean an unbranched carboxylic acid with an even carbon number and 16 to 22 carbon atoms.

The octadecapolyenic acid described can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, e.g. by the method described in WO 99/47135. Among other things, described the chemical synthesis of CLA alkyl esters and the enzymatic preparation of CLA triglyceride.

The conjugated octadecapolyenic acids described can e.g. by a one-step isomerization of polyunsaturated free fatty acids, e.g. Linoleic acid, which are esterified in the form of a glyceride, in particular as a triglyceride, are produced with catalysis by imino bases or iminophosphorane bases, in particular aminoiminobases or aminoiminophosphorane bases.

The term “glyceride” is understood to mean a glycerol esterified with one, two or three carboxylic acid residues (mono-, di- or triglyceride). “Glyceride” is also understood to mean a mixture of different glycerides. The glyceride or the glyceride mixture can contain further additives, for example free fatty acids, antioxidants, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and other substances, such as those listed below under "Additives". The glyceride used can be a synthetic or naturally occurring glyceride oil or a derivative thereof. “Glyceride” also means synthetic or naturally occurring fatty acid esters and / or oils and fats containing glycerides.

A “glyceride” is further understood to mean derivatives derived from glycerol. In addition to the fatty acid glycerides described above, these also include glycerophospholipids and glyceroglycolipids. Preferred here are glycerophospholipids such as lecithin (phosphatidylcholine), cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylylglycerol and, in particular, phospholidogenylglycerol, and phospholidogenylglycerol, and phospholidogenylglycerol, as well as alkylacyliphenylglycerol, and phospholidogenylglycerol, in particular, phospholidogenylglycerol, and phospholidogenylglycerol, and phospholidogenylglycerol, in particular, phospholylogenylglycerol, and phospholylogenylglycerol, as well as alkali metal phospholipidylglycerol. where the fatty acid composition of the naturally occurring non-conjugated or saturated glycerides has not changed significantly is included.

Particularly preferred educts are glycerides or mixtures of glycerides, in particular mono-, di- or triglycerides, which are esterified with at least one, preferably two or three, polyunsaturated, in particular conjugated fatty acids. Consequently, preference is given to synthetic or natural glycerides which contain acyl radicals having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably having 18 carbon atoms. Natural oils and fats are particularly preferred which contain polyunsaturated homoconjugated acyl residues with more than 16 carbon atoms and less than 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 20 carbon atoms.

The term “oil” or “fat” is understood to mean a fatty acid mixture which contains unsaturated, unconjugated or conjugated esterified fatty acid (s), in particular linoleic acid. It is preferred that the oil or fat has a high proportion of unsaturated, unconjugated esterified fatty acid (s), in particular linoleic acid. The proportion is preferably unsaturated, unconjugated esterified fatty acids about 30%, more preferred is 50%, even more preferred is 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more. For the determination, for example, the proportion of fatty acid after the fatty acids have been converted into the methyl ester (by transesterification) can be determined by gas chromatography.

The oil or fat can be various other saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, e.g. Calendulic acid, palmitic, stearic, oleic acid etc. contain. In particular, the proportion of the various fatty acids in the oil or fat can fluctuate depending on the manufacturing process. Fatty acid esters are also included in the formulation according to the invention, in particular fatty acid esters which are formed in the production of oil from vegetable material. The fatty acid esters are preferably present as glyceride, in particular as triglyceride.

According to the invention, as vegetable or animal starting material, e.g. Olive oil, coconut oil, coconut fat, sesame oil, rice germ oil, bamboo oil, bamboo fat, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil, soybean oil, palm oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, wheat germ oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, corn germ oil, pork fat, beef fat, poultry oil or fat fat from fat, a milk fat, a derivative fat or a milk fat, derivative fat or a milk fat, derivative fat or a milk fat, derivative fat or a mixture thereof can be used. Particularly preferred are especially oils and fats that contain a high proportion of linoleic acid, e.g. Sunflower oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, corn or wheat germ oil, safflower oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil and in particular oils or fats from modified plant varieties, in particular so-called high linoleic seeds, e.g. Linola (from linseed oil). The modified plant varieties can be bred or advantageously also be produced by mutagenesis (e.g. GMO) (Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 2292-2310).

The starting material for the preparation of the conjugated octadecapolyenic acids according to the invention can be prepared according to the usual methods known to the person skilled in the art known methods, for example obtained from plants. For example, oil can be obtained by pressing, for example, seeds with a high proportion of peel or peeled seeds. In addition to vegetable seeds, other plant parts, such as leaves, bulbs, stems, flowers, fruits etc. from suitable plants, which contain a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, preferably esterified with triglycerides, can be used for pressing and harvesting. Whole plants can also be used. The compacts can also be pressed several times.

Also suitable for the production of oils and fats suitable according to the invention are microorganisms such as strains of thaustochytria or schizochytria, algae such as Phaeodactylum tricomutum or Crypthecodinium species, ciliates such as Stylonychia or Colpidium, fungi such as Mortierella, Entomorphthora or Mucor. By strain selection, a number of mutant strains of the corresponding microorganisms have been developed which produce a number of desirable compounds, including PUFAs, and which are also suitable for the production of the fatty acids or oils mentioned. In particular, microorganisms can be transformed by suitable transformations, e.g. with nucleic acid molecules encoding desaturases or elongases.

Linoleic acid esters are preferably converted to conjugated linoleic acid ester (CLA) for the purposes of the present invention.

Preference is therefore given to starting products which contain linoleic acid esters, for example those which have a high proportion of triglycerides containing linoleic acid. Natural oils and fats which have a high proportion of linoleic acid, for example sunflower oil, are therefore particularly preferred. Soybean oil, safflower oil, linseed oil or derivatives thereof.

In a process variant for the production of the conjugated octadecane polyenoic acids according to the invention, the catalysis with the compound I

be carried out independently

Xi can be -NH- or -PH-, preferably -NH-,

IX ₂ is CH, N, or P-, preferably N or P, most preferred

Can be N and where '

R1 to R4 can be independent of one another:

H, branched or unbranched C to C ₂ o-alkyl, where 1 to 3

Carbon atoms can be replaced by O, S, NZ and / or -X ₃ - (C = X ₄ ) -;

mono-, bi-, or tricyclic, aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated C ₃ - to C 6 -alkyl carbocycle or heterocycle with 3 to 17 carbon atoms, 0 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, NZ and / or -X ₃ - (C = X) - can be; and wherein each carbon atom of the alkyl chains or of the ring can carry up to three of the following substituents OZ, SZ, (C = 0) -OZ, NZZι, C to Ce-alkyl;

where X _{3 may be} bond, O, S, or NZ, and / or X may be O, S, or NZ; and

where Z and / or Zi can independently be H or C to C ₆ alkyl.

X ₁ and X ₂ can thus be part of a ring via R3 or R4, in particular R1 and R4 and R2 and R3 can be part of a ring. The rings can consequently carry heteroatoms or other double bonds. In particular, R1 and R4 and R2 and R3 can be cyclically linked via ((CH) 2) _n with n = 2,3,4,5.

It is known to the person skilled in the art that the use of compound I with X ₁ equal to -PH- is only possible under inert conditions which prevent oxidation of -PH-. Compound I can also be polymer-bound, for example as a Merrifield resin, for example heterogenized as Merrifield resin on various chloromethylated poly (styrene / divinylbenzene) resins, or heterogenized on polystyrene resin after the introduction of a spacer in the form of an alkyl chain.

The catalyst can be either in pure substance or immobilized, for example bound to a polymer (polymer-bound guanidine bases (J. Mol. Catal. A: Chemical 109 (1996) 37-44; Pure Appl. Chem., A29 (3), 249-261 (1992)), polymer-bound aminoiminophoran bases (Chimia 39 (1985) No. 9, 269-272) or enclosed in a carrier (cyclohexylguanidine in Zeolite Y; THL, Vol. 38, No. 8, 1325-1328, (1997)).

Compound I can have the following structure (la):

where X is C-H, N, or P, preferably N or P, most preferably N, and for R as above for R1 to R4.

Compounds (II) are also suitable as catalysts:

For example, the connections (lla) can be used:

in the compounds (II) to (IIb) R and R1 to R6 have the meanings given above for R1 to R4.

In particular, R1 and R2, R3 and R4 and / or R5 and R6 can be linked cyclically.

The compounds I or II, in particular iminobases or iminophosphazene bases, preferably aminoiminobases or

Aminoiminophosphazen bases, the isomerization of non-conjugated, polyunsaturated fatty acids in the glyceride without the addition of protic solvents, such as. Catalyze alkyl alcohols. In particular, the isomerization can be carried out, for example, with guanidine bases as the catalyst.

Also 1, 5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0.] Dec-5-ene (TBD) or analog diazabases, e.g. 1, 2,3,4,4a, 5,6,7-octahydro-1,8-naphthyridine [gas. 60832-40-8] can be used.

In addition, there are the phosphazene bases Phosphazenbase P4-T-Bu [Gas. 111324-04-0], phosphazene base P1-T-Oct No. [Cas. 161118-69-0], phosphazene base PI-T-Bu-tris (tetramethylene) [Cas. 161118-67-8], phosphazene base P2-T-Bu [Cas. 111324-03-9], phosphazene base P4-T-Oct [Cas. 153136-05-1], the salts (1, 1, 1,3,3,3-

Hexakis (dimethylamino) diphosphazenium fluoride [Cas 137334-99-7], 1, 1, 1, 3,3,3-Hexakis (dimethylamino) diphosphazenium tetrafluoroborate

[Cas. 137334-98-6] or 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1, 3- dimethylperhydro-1, 3,2-diaza-phosphorine [Cas. 98015-45-3]. Their salts (eg BF ^" or F salt) or further salts of the compounds mentioned can also be used.

Aprotic solvents can be used to prepare the conjugated octadecapolyenic acids of the invention, e.g. Ethyl acetate, hexane, heptane, DMSO, DMF, MTBE, or THF. However, protic solvents such as e.g. Alkyl alcohols are used. However, on the basis of the disclosure content of the present invention, the person skilled in the art can also find other solvents by simple test series which can also be used.

Particularly when the formulations according to the invention are used for foods, food supplements, animal feed, feed additives, cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations, it is advantageous to carry out the production of the conjugated octadecapolyenoic acids with solvents which are not or as little as possible toxic, so that the solvent is separated off after it has been carried out the procedure is not necessary, or any remaining slight traces are not harmful to the desired application.

Depending on the application, a different solvent can be considered advantageous. For example, protic solvents such as methanol, ethanol etc. can be used, for example, for conjugating unsaturated, homoconjugated fatty acid esters. It can be advantageous to use a solvent which can be easily separated from the fatty acids, glycerides, oils or fats, for example shaken out in water, or which has a low boiling point, for example MTBE. If necessary. the conjugated octadecapolyenic acids according to the invention can be prepared without a solvent. The reaction temperature of the process must then be adjusted so that the melting point of the catalyst used is exceeded. It can be advantageous to carry out the process at low temperatures and to dissolve the catalyst in a suitable solvent.

The temperature can vary depending on the solvent, catalyst, pressure and starting material, but should be below 180 ° C. Higher isomerization temperatures can result in lower yields, e.g. due to derivatization or destruction of fatty acids.

The level of the temperature and the reaction time also depend, for example, on the strength of the base used. TBD is a strong guanidine base, but the reaction temperature must be selected due to the high melting point above 130 ° C if no solvent is used. For example, the temperature in guanidine bases such as TBD without solvent is preferably above the melting point but below 200 ° C., for example between 120 ° C. and 180 ° C., more preferably between 120 ° C. and 160 ° C., even more preferably between 130 ° C. and 140 ° C. The response times should be chosen accordingly. If a solvent is used, the reaction temperature and time can be adjusted. Using simple test series, the person skilled in the art can determine the yield and the amount of by-products, in particular of undesired isomers, and adapt the test conditions accordingly. The same applies to the use of other catalysts which can be used according to the invention. Depending on the conditions, the phosphazene bases react already at 0 ° C, but from an energy point of view, higher temperatures, eg room temperature, would be preferred. The person skilled in the art could accordingly choose the base chosen replace, change the temperature or adjust the response time if there are too many by-products. The amount of by-products, especially the trans / trans fatty acids, is presumably caused by a frequent change between deprotonation and protonation.

The various processes described for the preparation of the conjugated octadecapolyenoic acids according to the invention can be carried out continuously or batchwise.

For continuous driving, e.g. a flow reactor can be used in which the catalyst capable of isomerization is present. The

Catalyst can be in pure substance as well as immobilized, e.g. bound to a polymer (polymer-bound guanidine bases (J. Mol. Catal.

A: Chemical 109 (1996) 37-44; Pure appl. Chem., A29 (3), 249-261

(1992)); polymer-bound aminoiminophoran bases (Chimia 39 (1985) No. 9, 269-272)) or enclosed in a carrier (cyclohexylguanidine in Zeolite Y; THL, Vol. 38, No. 8, 1325-1328, 1997). The continuous implementation of vegetable oils with polymer-bound

Guanidine bases are described in BR 8202429.

In addition to the conjugated octadecapolyenoic acids and other unsaturated ones, the formulation according to the invention can be used

Fatty acids also contain one or more additives.

The term “additives” is understood to mean further additives which are advantageous for nutrition or health, for example “nutrients” or “active ingredients”. The preparation can contain one or more additives for animal or human nutrition or treatment and can be diluted or mixed therewith. Additives can be administered together with or separately from the feed, food, dietary supplement or pharmaceutical. A food, nutritional supplement, animal feed or pharmaceutical preparation contains no additives or no amounts of additives that can be considered harmful to animal or human nutrition.

“Nutrients” are understood to mean additives which are advantageous for the nutrition of humans or animals. The preparation according to the invention therefore preferably also contains:

Vitamins, for example vitamins A, Bi, B ₂ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , C, D ₃ , and / or E, K ₃ , folic acid, nicotinic acid,

Taurine, carboxylic acids and their salts, e.g. Tricarboxylic acids, citrate,

Isocitrate, trans / cis aconitate, and / or homo-citrate,

Enzymes, e.g. phytases

- carotenoids,

Minerals, e.g. P, Ca, Mg, Mn and / or Fe, proteins,

- Carbohydrates,

- fats,

- amino acids and / or

- trace elements such as B. Se.

The preparation can also contain pyruvic acid, L-camitin, lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, aminocarboxylic acids, such as creatine. "Active ingredients" are understood to mean those substances which support the use of the formulation according to the invention in pharmaceutical preparations or whose effect is used to treat diseases, in particular the treatment of cancer, diabetes, AIDS, allergies and cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, the formulation according to the invention can also

Preservatives, antibiotics, antimicrobial additives, antioxidants,

Chelating agents, physiologically acceptable salts, etc. include.

The formulations according to the invention can also contain flavorings.

"Additives" are also understood to mean antioxidants. Antioxidants are e.g. advantageous to protect the double bonds of the fatty acids from oxidation. However, the general health benefits of antioxidants are well known. For example, ethoxyquin, ascorbic acid, t-butylhydroxytoluene, t-butylhydroxyamisole, ascorbyl palmitate are preferably used as antioxidants in animal nutrition, otherwise gamma and alpha-tocopherols, tocotrienol, rosemary extract, isoflavones and carotenoids and naturally occurring polyphenols are also used. B. flavonoids used.

The formulation according to the invention can contain 0.05 to 10% antioxidants. It preferably contains 0.1 to 6% of antioxidants.

The formulation according to the invention can also contain carriers. For this, e.g. Usual inert carriers can be used. An "inert" carrier must not show any negative interactions with the components used in the formulation according to the invention and must be used as an auxiliary in the respective uses, e.g. in food, food supplements, animal feed, feed additives, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.

Examples of suitable carrier materials are: low molecular weight inorganic or organic compounds and higher molecular weight organic compounds of natural or synthetic origin.

Examples of suitable low molecular weight inorganic carriers are salts such as sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate or kieselguhr or silicas such as silicon dioxide or silica gels or silica derivatives, such as e.g. Silicates.

Examples of suitable organic carriers are, in particular, sugars, such as, for. B. glucose, fructose, sucrose, dextrins, starch products, especially corn starch and cellulose preparations. Examples of other organic carriers are: corn spindle flour, ground rice husks, wheat semolina or cereal flour, such as. B. wheat, rye, barley and oatmeal or bran or mixtures thereof.

The carrier material can be present in the formulation according to the invention, on a dry basis, in a proportion of approximately 10 to 85% by weight, preferably approximately 20 to 85% by weight.

Furthermore, the formulation according to the invention can contain stabilizers, e.g. B. inorganic salts with divalent cations. Examples of these are zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate in a proportion of approximately 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably approximately 0.5 to 5% by weight. In addition, other nutritional supplements, such as. B. vitamins (for example vitamins A, Bi, B ₂ , B ₆ , B12, D ₃ , E, K ₃ and the like) or trace elements (such as manganese, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, selenium in the form of more suitable Salts). The total proportion of such additives can be, for example, in the range from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the dry weight of the powdered formulation. The formulation according to the invention can also contain binders. Examples of suitable binders are: Solutions of carbohydrates, such as. As glucose, sucrose, dextrins and the like, sugar alcohols, such as. B. mannitol, or polymer solutions, such as solutions of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), ethoxy cellulose (EC), ethyl cellulose or propyl cellulose. The proportion of binder, based on the dry weight of the powdered formulation, can be, for example, in the range from about 0 to 20% by weight, such as. B. 1 to 6 wt .-%, depending on the type and adhesive properties of the binder used. In the simplest case, heat can also be used for binding.

As already explained above, the solution according to the invention consists in the formulations containing the octadecapolyenoic acids described above being in powder form. That is, the formulation according to the invention can be in the form of an adsorbate, beadlet, powder, granulate, pellet, extrudate, agglomerate and / or a combination thereof.

The formulations according to the invention can also be provided with a coating. This can e.g. serve to improve the product properties, such as dust behavior, flow properties, water absorption, storage stability, the protection of the active ingredient, the delay or acceleration of the active ingredient release, the strengthening of the mechanism of action or the achievement of additive effects. For the coating e.g. Fats, waxes, oils, biological and synthetic polymers can be used.

The powdered formulations according to the invention preferably have an average particle size of 10 to 2000 μm. An average particle size of 20 to 800 μm is particularly preferred. 80 to 600 μm are very particularly preferred, 400 to 600 μm are most preferred.

The powdered formulations according to the invention can be prepared in various ways.

Manufacture of adsorbates

For example, For the preparation in the form of an adsorbate, one or more carriers can be introduced in a mixer or a fluidized bed reactor and conjugated octadecapolyenic acid or derivatives thereof, preferably conjugated octadecadienoic acid and optionally further components, can be added. In rare cases, the use of stirred fixed beds or moving beds is conceivable.

Mixers operating discontinuously can preferably be used. The carrier material may be presented together with additives. Plowshares, shovels, snails or the like ensure a more or less intensive product mixing. Classic examples are ploughshare mixers, cone screw mixers or similar devices. Alternatively, the product can be mixed by moving the entire container. Examples include tumble mixers, drum mixers or the like. Another option is to use pneumatic mixers (see Ulimann ^'s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, Mixing of Solids).

The dosage / addition of the active ingredient may be carried out together with additives, as a rule via devices for dropping or spraying. Examples of this are lances, shower heads, single-substance or multi-substance nozzles, in rare cases rotating dripping or atomizing devices. In the simplest case, the addition is also local as a concentrated jet possible. Alternatively, the active ingredient can first be placed in the mixer in order to then add the carrier.

The active ingredient can be added at atmospheric pressure, atmospheric pressure or at atmospheric pressure, preferably at atmospheric pressure and vacuum.

In individual cases, it may be advantageous to preheat the active ingredient (lowering the viscosity, changing the wetting properties) and to supply or remove heat via the container wall and / or the mixing tools. In some cases it may be necessary to remove water or solvent vapors.

To increase the loading of the carrier material and to minimize oxygen inclusions, it may be expedient to evacuate the mixer containing the carrier material before adding the active ingredient and, if necessary, to cover it with protective gas. Depending on the carrier material, this must be repeated several times.

Alternatively, continuously operating mixers are suitable. Active substances and enveloping substances are preferably added at different locations in the mixer.

Adsorbates can be produced batchwise or continuously in fluidized beds. The movement of the carrier substances takes place through the possibly hot fluidizing gas. Air or inert gas is suitable as the fluidizing gas. In individual cases, it makes sense to add or remove heat via the container wall and / or via heat exchanger surfaces immersed in the fluidized bed. Suitable fluidized beds and the necessary peripherals are state of the art. The batchwise or continuous metering and, if appropriate, the preheating of the active ingredients and additives takes place by the devices described above, which are known to the person skilled in the art.

In individual cases, adsorbates can advantageously be produced by combining a mixer and a fluidized bed.

The above-mentioned substances can be used as carrier material for the production of the adsorbates, for example. Particularly suitable are silicas, which are available in fine or coarse form depending on the manufacturing process.

The production of beadlets

The production of spray-formulated products can e.g. B. done in a first step, an aqueous solution of a protective colloid, preferably gelatin and / or gelatin derivatives and / or gelatin substitutes such as vegetable proteins, polysaccharides or modified starches with the addition of one or more substances from the group of mono-, di- or polysaccharides , preferably corn starch, is produced and by adding antioxidants and the active ingredient (octadecapolyenic acid) with stirring, a dispersion is initially formed, the aqueous solution of the colloid representing the homogeneous phase of the dispersion.

As spray aids such. B. a hydrophobic silica, corn starch or metal salts of higher fatty acids. It is also conceivable to use modified corn starch, hydrophilic silica, tri-calcium phosphate and calcium silicates or mixtures of two or more of these substances. Mixtures of the fatty acids and silicas mentioned can also be used for the process. Calcium or magnesium stearate, for example, are suitable as metal salts of the higher fatty acids with 16 to 18 carbon atoms.

The spraying aid can be introduced in an amount of 0.01 to 0.25 times the amount by weight, based on the dispersion, above the fluidized bed with uniform distribution into the spraying space.

Animal proteins such as gelatin, for example from 50 to 250 bloom or casein, are preferred as colloids.

The spray aids are introduced directly into the spray zone. The layer of the spray aid which is produced during the spraying stabilizes the particles to such an extent that the particles do not converge when they are touched in the non-solidified state. This makes it possible to carry out direct drying on a subsequent fluid bed dryer.

The design of the atomizing unit has no decisive influence on the product. For example, devices such as those described in EP0074050B1 can be used here.

The preparation of the spray-formulated products can be carried out in a process variant by [spraying the dispersion in a spray tower with the use of a spray aid and collecting the sprayed particles in a fluidized bed, the spray aid being a hydrophobic silica or the metal salt of a higher fatty acid, for example with 16 to 18 C atoms or mixtures with hydrophobic silica, in the 0.02 to 0.15 times the amount by weight, based on the dispersion (and in the absence of substantial amounts of other conventional spray aids such as starch powder), above the fluidized bed with uniform distribution into the spray chamber Temperatures at which solidification of the optionally gelling colloid of the sprayed particles does not yet occur, the particles loaded with the spray aid, the colloid mass of which is essentially not gelled, are collected in a fluidized bed and the particles are dried in a fluidized bed in a manner known per se.

The colloids used in the process described are preferably gelatin, for example 70 to 200 bloom or casein. The amount of colloid used is generally 5 to 50% by weight, based on the end product, with water contents of the dispersion of 30 to 70% by weight. To produce the dispersion, the film formers and then the active ingredients of the sugar solution, which is heated to 50 to 70 ° C., are dispersed. The dispersion is then atomized.

The design of the atomizing unit has no decisive influence on the product. For example, nozzles or rapidly rotating atomizing disks can be used. The temperature of the dispersion to be atomized is also not a critical variable. It is usually 60 to 90 ° C, which gives viscosities of 50 to 1200 mPas (60 ° C) for the colloids mentioned. It is crucial that at the time of spraying, the particles come into contact with the hydrophobic spraying aid, which is introduced directly into the spraying zone in finely divided form.

The great advantage of the process is that the temperature in the spray room no longer has to be so low that the active ingredient dispersion gels, or that so much water no longer has to be removed by large amounts of auxiliary powder that the droplets solidify. The process enables, for example, the spraying of active ingredient dispersions at temperatures of 25 to 30 ° C, which no longer solidify even at refrigerator temperatures (+ 4 ° C). The The quantities of spray aid required for this are only 0.02 to 0.15 times the dispersion.

In a further process variant, the spray-formulated product can be produced by spray cooling. Here, a dispersion containing a protective colloid, preferably by means of an atomizing nozzle or an atomizing wheel with a temperature which is above the gel point of the emulsion, e.g. 30 ° C to 90 ° C and at a viscosity of preferably between 50 and 600 mPas, sprayed in a spray chamber in which the temperature is between 0 ° C and 40 ° C, whereby microcapsules are obtained.

A spray aid, e.g. Corn starch or modified corn starch if necessary. in a mixture with other spray aids, can be blown into the spray chamber to prevent agglomeration of the gelatinized microcapsules and adhesion to the chamber walls. The spray aid is preferably added in an amount of 5 to 50%, based on the weight of the end product.

The microcapsules can then be transferred to a fluidized bed, in which they can be dried to a residual water content of between 0 and 10% (preferably between 2 and 5%) if necessary, and in which excess spray aid is separated off. The temperature of the drying air is preferably between about 0 ° C to about 60 ° C.

Another process variant for the production of the spray-formulated products is the modified spray-drying process. This differs from spray cooling in that the temperature in the spray chamber is high, preferably between 50 ° C and 95 ° C. In the modified spray drying, the dispersion is preferably at a temperature of between 5 ° C and 99 ° C and with a viscosity of sprayed between 50 and 600 mPas into the spray chamber using an atomizing nozzle or an atomizing wheel.

A powdery spray aid can be blown into the spray chamber to prevent agglomeration of the gelatinized microcapsules and adherence to the chamber walls. The spray additive is preferably added in an amount of 5 to 50%, measured on the weight of the end product.

The microcapsules can then be transferred to a fluidized bed, in which they can be dried to a residual water content of between 0 and 10% (preferably between 2 and 5%) if necessary, and in which excess spray aid is separated off. The temperature of the drying air is preferably between approximately 0 ° C. and approximately 60 ° C.

Spray dry powders can also be produced by changing the formulation of the dispersion and the process to produce smaller particles and using spray drying processes.

Here, e.g. in a first step, an aqueous solution of a protective colloid, preferably gelatin and / or gelatin derivatives and / or gelatin substitutes, with the addition of one or more substances from the group of the mono-, di- or polysaccharides. The addition of antioxidants and the active ingredient with stirring initially results in a dispersion, the aqueous solution of the colloid representing the homogeneous phase of the dispersion.

Spraying the dispersion can e.g. B. by Einstoff- or

Two-substance nozzles or rotary atomizers in a spray tower, if necessary with the addition of powdering agents or other additives. The drying gas can be air or inert gas in a straight-ahead or cycle gas mode. The solid is separated in cyclones and / or filters. Spray drying is usually carried out continuously.

By using spray dryers or spray fluidized beds, simple spray powders, loose agglomerates or compact agglomerates are produced as required. The latter two embodiments are preferred over simple spray powders.

Manufacture of simple spray powders

Standard spray dryers produce powders, which are referred to below as simple spray powders. Standard spray dryers are characterized in that the hot drying gas as well as the solution or dispersion to be atomized is added to the spray tower head, heat and material exchange takes place in the spray tower between gas and solution or dispersion and the gas and the resulting simple spray powder at the lower end of the spray tower or be pulled off to the side. That kind of. Flow control is referred to as direct current. A counter-current procedure is possible. The simple spray powder can be drawn off at one or more points. A key feature of a standard spray dryer is that there is no need for dust returns or integrated fluidized beds.

The structure of simple spray powders can be described as spherical individual particles with different particle sizes. If the drying conditions are unfavorable, particles with cavities or individual particles with an irregular surface can arise. The production of loose agglomerates

The loose agglomerates mentioned have the structure of "raspberries", that is to say they generally arise from several sprayed individual particles which grow together as a result of the dust return in the vicinity of the atomizing unit. The loose agglomerates mentioned can be used in spray dryers with dust return with and without an integrated Such devices are offered in different versions and are known to the person skilled in the art.

Loose agglomerates can also be produced, for example, by agglomerating simple spray powders in a fluidized bed or a mixer in a two-stage or multistage process, continuously or discontinuously, by spraying on binding liquid or the solution or dispersion described above used in the production of the simple spray powders themselves ,

Compact agglomerates have more or less an "onion skin structure" and are convinced in fluidized beds by spraying the solution or dispersion onto already existing particles. These spray drying processes in fluidized beds can be operated batchwise or continuously. The person skilled in the art also calls these processes as spray granulation processes Process parameters can also be used to generate loose agglomerates in the fluidized bed apparatuses mentioned.

Manufacture of granules

The production of granules can be achieved by introducing carriers and / or spray-dried powders and possibly additives in a mixer and by adding the active component and / or Binder (preferably binding liquid - in the simplest case water) and / or aggregates compact granules are generated.

The mixer is preferably a paddle mixer or ploughshare mixer. The liquid components are added as described above (dripped or sprayed on) so that a pasty, sticky phase is formed. The paste-like phase is broken up by suitable selection of the speed of the mixing tools and / or high-speed knives and compact granules are formed. Very large chunks are cut by mixing tools and knives and on the other hand fine powders are agglomerated.

The mode of operation is discontinuous or continuous. It is often necessary to add or remove heat using a heating jacket. The decisive step is the combination of binding fluid, mechanical energy input through mixing tools and knives and determination of the required granulation time.

The coating layers can be added downstream in the mixer at a lower speed of the mixing tools and stationary knives or in a downstream mixer of the same type.

Shaping can also be done by pressing the pasty, sticky phase through the die of an extruder. The process is characterized by the fact that strands are formed, which may be subsequently dried and then coated.

The powdered formulations obtained in the process described can also be provided with a coating.

The following can be considered as coating materials: 1) Fats, e.g. those

- of animal origin

- of vegetable origin

- synthetic origin

2) waxes, e.g.

- vegetable (e.g. candelia wax, carnauba wax, rice germ oil wax etc.)

- animal (e.g. lanolin, beeswax, shellac, walnut)

- chemically modified (jojoba wax, sasol wax, montan ester wax)

3) animal proteins such as gelatin, e.g.

- of beef

- from pork - from fish

4) vegetable proteins, such as

- soy protein

- Modified starches - polysaccharides

In principle, other coatings from the solution are also conceivable, e.g. Sugar coating. You can also:

vegetable oils, e.g. Sunflower, thistle, cottonseed, soybean, corn germ and olive oil, rapeseed, linseed, olive tree, coconut,

Oil palm oil and oil palm oil

- semi-synthetic oils, e.g. medium chain triglycerides or mineral oils

- animal oils, for example herring, sardine and whale oils. Examples of synthetic polymers which can be used as coating agents are: a) polyalkylene glycols, in particular polyethylene glycols, with a number average molecular weight of about 400 to 15,000, preferably about 400 to 10,000; b) polyalkylene oxide polymers or copolymers, having a number average molecular weight of approximately 4000 to 20,000, preferably approximately 7700 to 14600; in particular block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene; for example Lutrole (brand of BASF AG), for example

- F68 (block polymer polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene)

F127 (block polymer polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene) c) polyvinylpyrrolidone with a number average molecular weight of about 7000 to 1,000,000, preferably about 44,000 to 54,000; d) vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers with a number average molecular weight of about 30,000 to 100,000, preferably about 45,000 to 70,000; for example Koliicoat SR (brand of BASF AG) e) polyvinyl alcohol with a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 200,000, preferably about 20,000 to 100,000; and f) hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose with a number average molecular weight of about 6,000 to 80,000, preferably about 12,000 to 65,000. g) alkyl (meth) acrylate polymers and copolymers with a number average molecular weight of about 100,000 to 1,000,000; especially ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymers and

Methyl acrylate / ethyl acrylate copolymers, for example Koliicoat MAE (copolymer methacrylic acid ethyl acrylate); and h) polyvinyl acetate with a number average molecular weight of about 250,000 to 700,000, optionally stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone. i) polyethylene k) ethyl cellulose I) Koliicoat EMM (brand of BASF AG) For the coating, for example, a highly concentrated, still sprayable liquid, such as. B. a 1 to 50 wt .-% aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion of one or more of the coating materials mentioned. Powdery coating materials can also be used.

The coating can be applied analogously to the processes described above for producing the adsorbates. That the coating can take place in the above-mentioned mixers or fluidized bed apparatuses directly after the powder production (+ CLA) or in a subsequent process step. For example, the material to be coated (i.e. the material containing octadecapolyenic acid) is placed in a fluidized bed apparatus or a mixer and the coating material is applied while heating the template. The method can also be carried out without heating. In individual cases, it is necessary to add powdering agents such as talc, silicates or the like to avoid sticking when applying the coating.

The coating material can be added at elevated pressure, atmospheric pressure or at atmospheric pressure, preferably at atmospheric pressure and vacuum.

In individual cases, it can be advantageous to preheat the coating material (lower viscosity, change in wetting properties), and to supply or remove heat via the container wall and / or the mixing tools. In some cases it is necessary to remove water or solvent vapors.

In order to increase the loading of the particles and to minimize oxygen inclusions, it can be advantageous to coat the one to be coated Evacuate material in the mixer before adding the active ingredient, and if necessary cover it with protective gas. Depending on the material to be coated, this must be repeated several times.

According to a further variant of the production, the powdery formulation presented in a fluidized bed or mixer can be coated by means of a melt of the coating materials. In this case, in particular polyalkylene glycols, in particular polyethylene glycols, with a number average molecular weight of about 1000 to 15000, preferably about 1000 to 15000; and polyalkylene oxide polymers or copolymers with a number average molecular weight of about 4,000 to 20,000, in particular block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene.

Depending on your needs, some release agent can be added from time to time. Suitable release agents are, for example, powdered silicas, talc, stearates and tricalcium phosphate.

The proportion of the coating composition in the coated formulation is 1-50% by weight, preferably 5-30% by weight, particularly preferably 8-20% by weight.

Another manufacturing variant is spray cooling. The coated formulations can be obtained by dispersing the octadecapolyenic acid-containing mixtures and, where appropriate, further constituents and / or additives in melts of suitable coating agents and then atomizing and / or dividing and solidifying the dispersions thus obtained. Suitable coating agents in the form of melts are substances whose melting point is greater than 30 ° C. Examples include fats, Waxes, oils, lipids, lipid-like and lipid-soluble substances with corresponding melting points.

These dispersions are then atomized in a cold gas stream - with and without the use of powdering agents - so that coated preparations containing CLA are formed. These methods are known to the person skilled in the art, for example, under the terms spray cooling, spray solidification, prilling or melt encapsulation, and solidification on cooling belts, rollers, pastille plates and belts.

The melts are preferably produced in a first step before the mixtures containing octadecapolyenic acid are added and dispersed. The dispersion can be carried out batchwise in a stirred kettle or continuously in e.g. suitable pumps or due to sufficiently high turbulence simply in injections and pipes. It is also possible to use static mixers or orifices or the like. The protective heating of the required system parts - including the lines and atomizing elements - is known to the person skilled in the art.

Air and nitrogen are preferred as the cooling gas. The gas flow can take place in cocurrent, countercurrent or crossflow. The process can be carried out in classic spray towers, prilling towers or other containers. Fluidized beds with and without hold-up are also suitable. The process can be operated batchwise or continuously. The solid can be separated off, for example, in cyclones or filters. Alternatively, the solids can be collected with or without after-cooling in fluidized beds or mixers. Suitable atomizing elements are nozzles (one- and two-substance nozzles or special designs) as well as atomizing wheels or atomizing disks or — expensive or atomizing baskets - or special designs thereof.

In a further embodiment, the dispersions thus obtainable are atomized and solidified in liquids in which neither the mixtures containing octadecapolyenic acids nor the coating compositions are soluble. Classic solid liquid separation followed by drying led to the preparation according to the invention.

The formulations described can in particular in

Food, food supplements, animal feed,

Feed additives as well as cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations are used.

When used as food, the formulations according to the invention are added in amounts of 0.1 to 20% by weight. It is particularly preferred that the foods contain 0.2 to 10% by weight of the formulation.

In foods, the formulation according to the invention can be combined with conventional nutritional components. These can include vegetable as well as animal products, especially fatty foods such as butter or margarine; Sugar, possibly in the form of syrups, fruit preparations, such as fruit juices, nectar, fruit pulps, purees or dried fruit; Cereal products and starches of the aforesaid cereals; Dairy products such as milk protein, whey, yogurt, lecithin and milk sugar.

In the case of use for food supplements, the formulations according to the invention are used in amounts of preferably 20-80% by weight, preferably 30-70% by weight. In the case of use as a feed and / or feed additive, amounts of 20 to 80% by weight of the formulation can preferably be used. It is particularly preferred that the feed contains 55 to 75% by weight of the formulation. Additives can also be contained in the feed and / or feed additive.

“Additives” are understood to mean substances which serve to improve the product properties, such as dust behavior, flow properties, water absorption capacity and storage stability. Additives and / or mixtures thereof can be based on sugars e.g. Lactose or maltodextrins, based on cereal or legume products e.g. Corn spindle flour, wheat bran and soybean meal, based on mineral salts, etc. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium salts, as well as D-pantothenic acid or its salts themselves (chemically or fermentatively produced D-pantothenic acid salt).

Furthermore, the feed and / or the feed additive can have components which contain inanimate, living and / or reproductive fractions of calendulic acid or other organisms which produce additives. These can be, for example, microorganisms, preferably fungi, yeasts and / or bacteria. The feed according to the invention and / or the feed additive according to the invention can, for example, inanimate, living and / or reproductive portions of fungi of the genus Mucor, yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces and / or bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae, such as E. coli, Salmonella, such as Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonads, such as Pseudomonas matophila, Bacillaceae, such as Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus cereus, coryneform bacteria, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum or Brevibacterium breve and / or Actinum mycetalis and / or mixtures thereof. If conjugated trans / cis octadecatrienoic acids, in particular calendulic acid, are administered individually or in combination in the feed, the active compounds are administered as the pure substance or mixtures of substances or liquid or solid extracts together with conventional feed ingredients. Examples more common

Feed ingredients are: maize, barley, wheat, oats, rye, triticale, sorghum, rice and bran, semolina and flour of these cereals, soybeans, soy products such as soybean meal, rapeseed, rapeseed meal, cottonseed and extraction meal, sunflower seeds, sunflower extract, sunflower extract, sunflower seed extract of oil seeds, broad beans and peas, gluten, gelatin, tapioca, yeast, single cell protein, fish meal, salts, minerals, trace elements, vitamins, amino acids, oils / fats and the like.

Feed and / or feed additive should be composed in such a way that the corresponding nutrient requirements for the respective animal species are optimally met. In general, vegetable feed components such as corn, wheat or barley meal, soy bean meal, soy extraction meal, linseed meal meal, rapeseed meal meal, green meal or pea meal meal are chosen as raw protein sources. Soybean oil or other animal or vegetable fats are added to ensure an appropriate energy content of the feed. Since the vegetable protein sources only contain an insufficient amount of some essential amino acids, feed is often enriched with amino acids. These are primarily lysine and methionine. In order to ensure the mineral and vitamin supply to farm animals, minerals and vitamins are also added. The type and amount of minerals and vitamins added depends on the animal species. To cover of the nutrient and energy requirements, complete feed can be used that contains all nutrients in a ratio that meets the requirements. It is the only animal feed. Alternatively, a supplementary feed can be added to a grain feed made from cereals. These are protein, mineral and vitamin-rich feed mixes that complement the grain feed in a meaningful way.

The use of the formulations according to the invention can, for example, lead to faster recovery in the case of people or animals weakened by an illness. It is therefore advantageous e.g. use to achieve body build, e.g. after a lengthy illness associated with weight loss, e.g. chemotherapy, and to support or accelerate the recovery process.

When used as a pharmaceutical preparation, the formulation according to the invention can contain further active ingredients. The active ingredients can be used to treat cancer, cardiovascular diseases, for example arteriosclerosis, diabetes, allergies and to support diets, or to improve the effect of the preparation according to the invention. A drug for the treatment of diabetes can contain, for example, insulin, sulfonylureas, sulfonamides, lipoic acid, γ-glucoxidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, metformin and / or acetylsaiicylic acid. Cancers are caused, for example, by the addition of cytostatics such as vinca alkaloids, alkylating agents such as chlorambucil, melphalan, thio-TEPA, cyclophospamide, etc., by folic acid analogs such as aminopterin or methotrexate, or by the addition of immunosuppressants such as cyclophophosphamide and azathioprine , Glucocorticoids, such as prednisolone or cyclosporin. HIV infections or AIDS can be treated, for example, by administering reverse transcriptase inhibitors and / or protease inhibitors. Allergies are treated, for example, in which the Mast cells are stabilized, for example by cromoglyxate, by blocking the histamine receptors, for example by H1 antihistamines, or by functional antagonists of the allergy mediators, for example by alpha- sympathomimetics, adrenaline, β2-sympathomimetics, theophylline, ipratropium or glucocorticoids. Cardiovascular diseases are treated with the help of anticoagulants, ACE inhibitors, cholesterol-lowering agents such as steatins and fibrates, niacins, cholestyramines.

Furthermore, the medicament can comprise one of the suitable additives mentioned above.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the examples:

Examples 1-6

Production of formulations containing CLA esters

(Eight) different formulation processes were used: 1. Spray formulation (for the production of beadlets)

2. Modified spray drying process (for the production of beadlets)

3. Adsorbate production

4. Coating adsorbates

5. Spray drying 6. Sprayer solidification

7. Production of agglomerates / granules

8. Fixation of the CLA in adsorbates using fats Example 1a: Preparation of a spray formulation in the pilot plant

27.4 kg of water are heated to 50 ° C. Then 5.5 kg of gelatin (type A, 100 Bloom, DGF Stoess) are added and allowed to swell with gentle stirring. After one hour, 5.3 kg of gelatin hydrolyzate (Gelitasol PA®, DGF Stoess) and 4.0 kg of corn starch (KP 4076 from Cerestar) are added. After a further 10 minutes, 10.1 kg of a fatty acid-methyl ester mixture (already stabilized with 1% ethoxyquin, (Raluquin) from Raschig, based on the mixture) with a CLA methyl ester content of approx. 65% are added. An emulsion is prepared by stirring with a propeller stirrer.

The emulsion obtained is sprayed at a temperature of 60 ° C and a spray pressure of 30 bar in a spray tower. During the spraying, hydrophobic silica (Sipemat D 17®, Degussa) is blown into the spray zone in amounts of 10 kg / h. A moist dry powder is obtained, which is then dried in a fluidized bed at 50 ° C. to a residual moisture content of 4.5%.

The dry powder has the following particle size distribution: D (v, 0.1) = 117 μm,

D (v, 0.5) = 189 μm,

D (v, 0.9) = 289 μm,

D [4.3] = 196 µm.

Examples 1b-1f: Production of spray formulations in the laboratory

Based on the procedure described in Example 1a

Laboratory scale carried out several recipe and process variations and powder was produced. There are differences in the temperature at the Preparation of the emulsion (= 60 ° C), in spray pressure (= 4 bar) and in post-drying (room temperature, overnight). Both samples based on CLA ethyl ester and examples based on CLA methyl ester are produced:

All powders have a residual moisture after drying of between one and two percent.

The particle size distribution is determined again using sample 1c: D (v, 0.1) = 154 μm,

D (v, 0.5) = 206 μm,

D (v, 0.9) = 298 μm,

D [4.3] = 216 µm.

Example 2: Production in a modified spray drying process

2 kg of gelatin (Bloom number 240) and 2 kg of sucrose are dissolved in 6.0 liters of demineralized water in an emulsion tank at 65 ° C and stored overnight to remove trapped air bubbles. 2.4 kg of CLA-ÖI are heated to 65 ° C in a beaker. The oil then turns into the aqueous solution of gelatin and with slow stirring 03/045168

43

Given sucrose and then stirred vigorously at 65 ° C. for 30 minutes. The resulting emulsion is diluted with 2 liters of demineralized water and adjusted to a viscosity of 160 cP. The average particle size of the oil droplets is 0.4 μm. The emulsion is then atomized in a spray tower, the droplets are powdered with starch and dried by spray cooling. After sieving (with 30/120), a yield of 6.75 kg of a particulate product with a total oil content of 29.8% is obtained.

Example 3a: Preparation of an adsorbate

700 g of a silica carrier (Sipernat 22 ^® , Degussa) are placed in a ploughshare mixer (Loedige type M5 GR). A mixture of 720 g of CLA ethyl ester oil and 7.2 g of ethoxyquin is sprayed on with a spray gun within 4.5 min with stirring at about 200 rpm. The mixture is then stirred for a further 8 minutes at a stirring speed of 345 rpm. A homogeneous, free-flowing powder is obtained.

Example 3b-3d: Production of further adsorbates

In the same mixer, with the addition of CLA methyl ester oil on two different silica supports (also Tixosil 38 X ^® , Rhodia), homogeneous, free-flowing powders are produced analogously.

Sample 3d has the following particle size distribution: D (v, 0.1) = 113 μm,

D (v, 0.5) = 240 μm,

D (v, 0.9) = 410 μm,

D [4.3] = 252 µm.

Example 4a: Preparation of a coated adsorbate

500 g of a CLA ethyl ester adsorbate on Tixosil 68 ^® , Rhodia, are introduced into a laboratory fluidized bed (NIRO Aeromatic; type MP 1). The adsorbate contains 50% of a 61% CLA ethyl ester and 0.5% ethoxyquin as a stabilizer. The product is swirled at room temperature (air volume approx. 30 m ³ / h), and a 55% solution of Diofan 193 D is sprayed onto the swirling product within 21 minutes. It is then dried for ³ hours at a supply air temperature of 32-38 ° C and an air throughput of 25 m. The drying time is 23 minutes. The product then has a residual moisture content of 2.1% and theoretically contains 40% CLA ethyl ester (raw).

Examples 4a-4e: Production of further coated adsorbates

Coating of CLA-EE adsorbate on Tixosil 68 (EE = ethyl ester) Active ingredient content in the adsorbate (raw): 50%; stabilized with 1% ethoxyquin

Examples 4f-4m: Production of coated adsorbates in a Lödige mixer

1320 g of a CLA-ME adsorbate are poured into a preheated ploughshare mixer (Loedige type M5 GR). The adsorbate is heated at a slow speed of 50 rpm. In parallel, a fat (e.g. Shoguwar 41) is melted in the beaker. Then 147 g of the fat are applied to the adsorbates by simply pouring them in from the beaker at a speed of 110-150 rpm. With stirring, the product is cooled to approx. 30 ° C in the mixer and the adsorbate thus coated is discharged and filled.

The powder of Example 4g has the following particle size distribution: D (v, 0.1) = 153 μm, D (v, 0.5) = 266 μm, D (v, 0.9) 415 µm, D [4.3] 275 µm.

The powder of Example 4k has the following particle size distribution: D (v, 0.1) = 184 μm, D (v, 0.5) = 302 μm,

D (v, 0.9) = 452 μm,

D [4.3] = 311 µm.

Examples 4n - 4t: Subsequent application of oils to the adsorbates in the Lödige mixer

1470 g of a CLA-ME adsorbate are poured into a ploughshare mixer (Loedige type M5 GR). Then 163 g of an oil are applied to the adsorbates at a speed of • 200 rpm of the mixer by spraying with a spray gun. The mixture is then stirred at 345 rpm for five minutes and the adsorbate thus coated is discharged and filled.

The powder of Example 4q has the following particle size distribution:

D (v, 0.1) = 112 μm,

D (v, 0.5) = 219 μm, D (v, 0.9) = 371 μm,

D [4.3] = 231 µm.

Example 5: Production of granules in a stirred flask

100 g of the spray-dried powder produced in Example 5 are placed in a 1000 ml four-necked flask. A 45% aqueous sucrose solution is added dropwise as a binding liquid with stirring. The speed of the blade stirrer is 500 rpm. A total of 15 g of sucrose solution are added dropwise.

The fine spray dry powder gradually agglomerates to form agglomerates / roll granules with a very wide particle size distribution between 100 μm and 3000 μm.

The granules are post-dried in a laboratory fluidized bed reactor (Niro Aeromatic, MP1) at 35 ° C. for one hour. Particles between 500 μm and 1000 μm are separated from the useful fraction and amount to 65 g.

Examples 6 - 9: Testing the stability

Experiments carried out:

A) Characterization of the formulation

B) stability of CLA in the formulations mentioned C) tablettability of the formulation

D) Stability of CLA in tablets Preparation of 4 test formulations (at least 500 g each):

1. CLA beadlet (40%; example 6)

2. CLA beadlet (25%; example 7)

3. CLA adsorbate (uncoated 50%; example 8)

4. CLA-ÖI (90%; Example 9)

Formulation of CLA for tablet experiments

Content: 90% CLA ethyl ester; stabilized with 1.0% DL-alpha-tocopherol

A) Characterization of the formulations

B) Stability of CLA in the formulations

~ 50g per formulation and storage conditions were stored in an open twist-off glass.

Storage conditions:

25 ° C / 65% RH 40 ° C / 75% RH 60 ° C The relative decrease in CLA in the individual formulations is measured at the following times:

12 and 24 weeks

Stability at 20 ° C / 65% rH

Stability at 60 ° C

Stability of CLA-ÖI (example 9)

C) Tablettability and stability of CLA in tablets

additives:

Kollidon CL, from BASF, Abl. No.: 91-1297 Kollidon VA 64, from BASF, Abl. No.: 07-4919 Aerosil 200, from Degussa Avicel PH 102, from FMC, batch 7929C Mg stearate , Bärlöcher, batch MF19-80519

Equipment:

Tablet press eccentric, Pfrengle funnel, top pan scales, Turbula mixer, 0.8 mm sieve

Tablet formulation: content 200 mg CLA / tabl.

Example 8

[g] [g] [g]

CLA formulation 50.0 80.0 40.0

Avicel 53.8 23.8 63.8

Aerosil 2.4 2.4 2.4

Kollidon VA 64 9.0 9.0 9.0

Kollidon CL 3.6 3.6 3.6

Mg stearate 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2

120

Production of the tablets:

Prepare the tableting mixture without CLA, mix briefly and pour over a 0.8 mm sieve. Add CLA and mix each mixture homogeneously in the Turbula mixer for 10 minutes.

Press the finished batches on the tablet press with a 20 mm punch, facet (weight 1200 mg) at a pressure of 15 (8), 30 (6) and 30 (7) kN.

Characterization of the tablets:

Stability of CLA in tablets: 30 tablets per formulation and storage conditions are stored in an open twist-off glass.

Storage conditions:

25 ° C / 65% RH 40 ° C / 75% RH

The relative decrease in CLA in the individual formulations is measured at the following times:

12 and 24 weeks

Tabletting behavior:

Tablets could be easily made from all samples. Due to the high proportion of sample powder, the tablet does not reach a high tablet hardness. Therefore, in order to achieve acceptable tablet hardness, the compression pressure had to be varied with the different formulations.

Stability at 20 ° C / 65% RH:

The measurement showed that the CLA content of CLA-Beadlet 40%, CLA-Beadlet 25% and CLA-Adsobat 50% (uncoated) remained almost constant even after 24 weeks. Stability at 40 ° C / 70% RH

Claims

Expectations

1. Powdered formulation for use in foods, food supplements, animal feed, feed additives, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations containing at least one conjugated octadecapolyenic acid, characterized in that [less than 5% of the fatty acid component 11-, 13-octadecadienoic acid isomers, 8-, 10- Octadecadienoic acid isomers, iso-, cis-octadecadienoic acid isomers or trans, trans-octadecadienoic acid isomers or mixtures of these isomers].

2. Formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that less than 3% of the fatty acid component 11-, 13- octadecadienoic acid isomers, 8-, 10- octadecadienoic acid isomers, cis, cis-octadecadienoic acid isomers or trans-, trans-octadecadienoic acid isomers Isomers or mixtures of these isomers.

3. Formulation according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that less than 1% of the fatty acid portion 11-, 13- octadecadienoic acid isomers, 8-, 10- octadecadienoic acid isomers, ice, cis-octadecadienoic acid isomers or trans, trans-

Octadecadienoic acid isomers or mixtures of these isomers.

4. Formulation according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that it contains octadecadienoic acid, octadecatrienoic acid or combinations of these octadecapolyenoic acids.

5. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least 50% of the fatty acid portion are 9-cis, 11-trans and 10-trans, 12-cis octadecadienoic acids.

6. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least 60% of the fatty acid portion 9-cis, 11-trans and 10- trans,

Are 12-cis octadecadienoic acids.

7. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least 70% of the fatty acid component is 9-cis, 11-trans and 10-trans, 12-ice octadecadienoic acids.

8. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it contains calendulic acid or punizic acid as octadecatrienoic acid.

9. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it contains stabilizers, antioxidants, carriers or mixtures thereof

Contains substances.

10. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it has an average grain size of 20 to 800 microns.

11. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it has an average grain size of 50 to 700 microns

12. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it has an average grain size of 80 to 600 microns.

13. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it has an average grain size of 400 to 600 microns.

14. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is an adsorbate, spray-formulated product, granules or

Extrudate is present.

15. Formulation according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is provided with a coating.

16. Formulation according to claim 15, characterized in that the coating contains fats, waxes, animal proteins, vegetable proteins, vegetable oils, animal oils, semi-synthetic oils or synthetic polymers or mixtures of one or more of these substances.

17. A method for producing an adsorbate according to claim 14, characterized in that a carrier or several carriers are placed in a mixer or fluidized bed reactor and then conjugated, possibly preheated octadecpolyenoic acid or derivatives thereof and optionally further components are added.

18. A method for producing spray-formulated products according to claim 14 characterized in that by dispersing

Octadecapolyenic acids and possibly other components in an aqueous solution of a film-forming protective colloid, spraying the dispersion in a spray tower if necessary. using a spraying agent and collecting the sprayed particles and if necessary. Post-drying can be obtained in a fluid bed.

19. A process for the production of spray-formulated products according to claim 14, characterized in that simple spray powders are produced and these are agglomerated in a fluidized bed or a mixer continuously or discontinuously by spraying on binder or a solution or dispersion of the formulation according to one of claims 1-13.

20.The process for the production of granules according to claim 14, characterized in that carriers or spray-dried products or mixtures of these substances and conjugated octadecapolyenic acid are introduced in a mixer and the granules are produced by adding further octadecapolyenic acid or binders or mixtures of these substances.

21. A process for the production of extrudates according to claim 14, characterized in that carriers or spray-dried products or mixtures of these substances and / or conjugated octadecapolyenic acid are introduced, mixed and extrudates or pellets are formed from the resulting pasty mass by means of an extruder or a pellet press.

22. A method for producing a formulation according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that the formulation is coated.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the coating is applied in a mixer or a fluidized bed reactor.

24. Food, food supplements, animal feed, animal feed additive, cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation containing a formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

25. Food containing 0.1 to 20 wt .-% of the formulation according to

Claims 1 to 16.

26. Food containing 0.2 to 10 wt .-% of the formulation according to

Claims 1 to 16.

27. Food containing 0.2 to 1 wt .-% of the formulation according to claims 1 to 12

28. Food supplements containing 10-90% by weight of the formulation according to claims 1-16

29. Food supplements containing 20-80% by weight of the formulation according to claims 1 to 16.

30. Food supplement containing 30-70% by weight of the formulation according to claims 1 to 16.

31. Feed additive containing 20 to 80 wt .-% of the formulation according to claims 1 to 16.

32. Feed additive containing 55 to 75% by weight of the formulation according to the

Claims 1 to 16.

33. Use of the formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 16 as a feed, feed additive, food, dietary supplement, cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation.