DE10328519A1 - Coated composition, useful in premixes for animal feed, preferably for pigs, poultry and calves, as a growth promoter, acidifier, preservative or fertilizer,comprises at least one hydroformate - Google Patents

Abstract

A coated composition comprises one or more hydroformate (I). A coated composition comprises at least one hydroformate of formula M 3[HCOO] 3-HCOOH (I): M : Na, K, Cs or NH 4 Independent claims are included for: (1) a process for the production of the compositions (I) by coating at least one hydroformate, optionally mixed with other components and/or additive, with a coating agent; (2) a process for the production of a feedstuff and/or feed stuff additive by addition of a composition (I) to a premix and mixing the resulting premix with the usual components of the feedstuff and/or feedstuff additive and; (3) the resulting animal feedstuff.

Description

The The present invention relates to coated compositions containing at least one hydroformate and the use of these preparations.

formic acid Formates and manufacturing methods for These have been known for a long time. So in Gmelin's handbook is the inorganic Chemie, 8th edition, number 21, pages 816 to 819, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Berlin 1928 and number 22, pages 919 to 921, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Berlin 1937 the representation of sodium diformate as well as of Potassium diformate by dissolving of sodium formate and of potassium formate in formic acid. By lowering the temperature or by evaporation of excess formic acid are the crystalline diformates accessible.

DE 424017 teaches the preparation of acid formate acid sodium formates by introducing sodium formate into aqueous formic acid in appropriate molar ratio. By cooling the solution, the corresponding crystals can be obtained.

To J. Kendall et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 43, 1921, pages 1470 to 1481 are formic acid potassium formates by loosening of potassium carbonate in 90% formic acid to form carbon dioxide accessible. The corresponding solids can be obtained by crystallization.

GB 1,505,388 discloses the preparation of carboxylic acid carboxylate solutions by mixing the carboxylic acid with a basic compound of the desired cation in aqueous solution. For example, in the production of carboxylic acid ammonium carboxylate solutions, ammonia water is used as the basic compound.

US 4,261,755 describes the preparation of acid formates by reaction of an excess of formic acid with the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of the corresponding cation.

WHERE 96/35657 teaches the preparation of products which disalts the formic acid by mixing potassium, sodium, cesium or Ammonium formate, potassium, sodium or cesium hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate or ammonia with optionally aqueous formic acid, followed by cooling of the Reaction mixture, filtration of the resulting slurry and Drying of the filter cake obtained and recycling of the filtrate.

The unpublished German applications DE 101 547 15.3 and DE 102 107 30.0 describe processes for the preparation of formates.

formic acid Formates have an antimicrobial effect and become, for example used for the preservation and for the acidification of vegetable and animal substances, such as grasses, agricultural Products or meat, for the treatment of biowaste or as an additive for animal nutrition.

WHERE 96/35337 A1 describes animal feed and animal feed additives which Diformates, in particular potassium diformate.

WO 97/05783 A1 ( EP 845 947 A1 ) describes a method for cooling and consenvation of fish in which a cooling agent with formic acid and / or mono / di or tetrasalts of formic acid is used. In one embodiment, a C1 to C4 monocarboxylic acid is added to the cooling medium.

WO 98/19560 ( EP 957 690 A1 ) describes a process for preparing a fish feed in which ammonium, sodium or potassium diformate and formic acid are added to a fish product before the addition of the further feed ingredients and processing into fish feed.

WO 98/20911 A1 ( EP 961 620 B1 ) describes a process for the treatment of wet organic waste, which comprises using an aqueous preparation of the formaldehyde and disalts of formate, acetate or propionate.

WO 01/19207 A1 describes a liquid preservative / acidifier for grass and agriculture Liche products, fish and fish products and meat products containing at least 50 wt .-% of formic acid and formats, ammonium tetra-formate and 2-6 wt .-% potassium or 2-10 wt .-% sodium in the form of their hydroxides or formats.

The according to EP 0 824 511 B1 Diformates obtainable can be dried in a step subsequent to the production process. This gives products which are present as a powder and usually have less than 5 wt .-% of water. However, the diformates obtainable in this way are unsuitable for formulation in complex substrates.

Commercially available preparations containing diformate, such as are available under the name FORMI ^™ for animal nutrition, can not usually be incorporated into so-called premixes, as it leads to clumping and or caking of the premix, the further processing of the premix to Makes feed impossible.

In the production of feed, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, organic acid and possibly enzymes in the form of so-called "premixes" or "base mixes" prepared and then mixed with the other ingredients of the feed. If one mixes the known in the art (eg EP 0 824 511 B1 available Diformiate in a "premix", it comes to clumping and caking as well as the degradation of ingredients of the premix.

task The present invention was to provide preparations available make it possible Hydroformates in complex substrates, for example in animal feeds or premixes for animal feed to work in, without causing clumping or caking of the Substrates are coming. It is of particular interest that the other ingredients of the complex substrate are not affected by the admixture. Of particular importance in the case of the complex substrates are the so-called "base mixes" as they usually are for the Feed production can be used.

task It was also the object of the present invention to provide formulations of hydroformates which, when used in feed, is premature Release of the formic acid salts in the stomach.

It was found that accomplishes this task with the preparations according to the invention solved becomes.

The invention accordingly provides coated compositions containing at least one hydroformate of the general formula I. M ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH (I) where M = Na, K, Cs, NH ₄ .

Of the Term "coated Preparations " while all preparations in which the surface of the particles of the preparation at least 50, especially at least 70, most preferably at least 80, in particular at least 90% is covered. The terms "coated", "encapsulated", "powdered", "wrapped" and "coated" are used in the sense used synonymously in the present application. Be corresponding the terms coating material / material, coating material, powdering agent, wrapping material and coating agents used synonymously.

Coated preparations are, in particular, those preparations which remain chemically largely unchanged in contact with calcium carbonate in comparison to uncoated preparations. One parameter for a chemical change of the hydroformates is the release of CO ₂ .

The invention comprises preparations containing at least one hydroformate of the general formula (I) M ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH (I) where M = Na, K, Cs, NH ₄ , and
at least one coating agent.

hydroformates

The Compounds of the general formula (I) are used either as hydroformates or referred to as tetraformates. Another common name is trisodium / potassium / cesium / ammonium hydrogen formate.

The preparation of Na ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH is described in Gmelin's Handbook of Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition, Sodium, p. The hydroformates to be used according to the invention are, for example, after the in EP 0 824 511 B1 described method or according to the in the unpublished German patent applications DE 101 547 15.3 and DE 102 107 30.0 described method.

Use Na ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH (trisodium hydrogen formate), K ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH (tripotassium hydrogen formate), Cs ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH (tricaesium hydrogen formate), NH ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH (triammonium hydrogen formate). ,

Na ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH (trisodium hydrogen formate) is particularly preferred as hydroformate.

In a further embodiment can the said hydroformates are used in mixtures with one another become.

Of the Term "Hydroformiate" is in the following uses and includes both preparations containing at least a hydroformate, as well as preparations containing mixtures of Hydroformiate mentioned.

coating agents

When Coating may all materials are used that are capable of the surface of Preparations containing at least one hydroformate at least 50%, especially at least 70, most preferably at least 80, in particular at least 90% to cover.

When Coating may all materials are used which are capable of preparations, containing at least one hydroformate to coat so that these remain chemically unchanged in contact with calcium carbonate.

One parameter for a chemical change of the hydroformates is the release of CO ₂ . This is determined by the following method:
Each 20 g of feed lime and sample are mixed in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask and this connected via an attachment with hose with a reversely suspended and filled with water graduated cylinder. The Erlenmeyer flask is shaken at 500 rpm on a vibrating plate and the resulting CO ₂ collected in the measuring cylinder. The measurement is carried out at room temperature (20 ° C). CO ₂ release is measured over a period of 200, 600 and 800 minutes. Suitable coating agents are all compounds which give coated preparations containing at least one hydroformate, in which a release of CO ₂ after 200 minutes is less than 100 ml, in particular less than 50 ml CO ₂ , in particular less than 25 ml CO ₂ .

Of the Professional chooses the method of coating depending on the used Coating agents.

• a) Polyalkylenglycole, insbesondere Polyethylenglycolen mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von etwas 400 bis 15 000, wie z.B. 400 bis 10000;
• b) Polyalkylenoxid-Polymeren oder -Copolymeren mit einem zahlenmäßigen Molekulargewicht von etwa 4000 bis 20000, insbesondere Blockcopolymere von Polyoxyethylen und Polyoxypropylen;
• c) Substituierte Polystyrole, Maleinsäurederivate sowie Styrolmaleinsäurecopolymere;
• d) Polyvinylpyrrolidone mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von etwa 7000 bis 1000000;
• e) Vinylpyrrolidon/Vinylacetat-Copolymere mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von etwa 30000 bis 100000;
• f) Polyvinylalkohol mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von etwa 10000 bis 200000, Polyphthalsäurevinylester;
• g) Hyroxypropylmethylcellulose mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von etwa 6000 bis 80000;
• h) Alkyl(meth)acrylat-Polymere und -Copolymere mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von etwa 100000 bis 1000000, insbesondere Ethylacrylat/Methylmethacrylat-Copolymere und Methacrylat/Ethylacrylat-Copolymere;
• i) Polyvinylacetat mit einem zahlenmittleren Molekulargewicht von etwa 250000 bis 700000 ggf. stabilisiert mit Polyvinylpyrrolidon;
• j) Polyalkylenen, insbesondere Polyethylenen;
• k) Phenoxyessigsäure-Formaldehyd-Harz;
• l) Cellulosederivate, wie Ethylcellulose, Ethylmethylcellulose, Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethlycellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose, Celluloseacetatphthalat;
• m) tierische, pflanzliche oder synthetische Fette;
• n) Tierische, pflanzliche oder synthetische Wachse oder chemisch modifizierte tierische, pflanzliche Wachse wie Bienenwachs, Candelillawachs, Carnaubawachs, Montanesterwachs und Reiskeimölwachs, Walrat, Lanolin, Jojobawachs, Sasolwachs, Japanwachs oder Japanwachsersatz;
• o) Tierische und pflanzliche Proteine wie z.B. Gelatine, Gelatinederivate, Gelatineersatzstoffe, Casein, Molke, Keratin, Sojaprotein; Zein und Weizenprotein;
• p) Mono- und Disaccharide, Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, z.B. Stärken, modifizierte Stärken sowie Pektine, Alginate, Chitosan, Carrageene;
• q) pflanzliche Öle, z.B. Sonnenblumen-, Distel-, Baumwollsaat-, Soja-, Maiskeim-, Oliven-, Raps(samen)-, Lein-, Ölbaum-, Kokos-, Palmkernöl und Palmöl;
• r) synthetische oder halbsynthetische Öle, z.B. mittelkettige Triglyceride oder Mineralöle;
• s) tierische Öle wie z.B. Hering-, Sardine- und Walöl;
• t) gehärtete (hydrierte oder teilhydrierte) Öle/Fette wie z.B. von den oben genannten, insbesondere hydriertes Palmöl, hydriertes Baumwollsaatöl, hydriertes Sojaöl;
• u) Lackcoatings wie z.B. Terpene, insbesondere Schellack, Tolubalsam, Perubalsam, Sandarak, und Silikonharze;
• v) Fettsäuren, sowohl gesättigte als auch einfach und mehrfach ungesättigte C₆- bis C₂₄-Carbonsäuren;
• w) Kieselsäuren;
• x) Benzoesäure und/oder Salzen der Benzoesäure und/oder Ester der Benzoesäure und/oder Derivaten der Benzoesäure und/oder Salzen der Benzoesäurederivate und/oder Ester der Benzoesäurederivate.

In a preferred embodiment, the preparations coated according to the invention are provided with a coating agent which contains at least one compound which is selected from the group consisting of

• a) polyalkylene glycols, especially polyethylene glycols having a number average molecular weight of about 400 to 15,000, such as 400 to 10,000;
• b) polyalkylene oxide polymers or copolymers having a number average molecular weight of about 4,000 to 20,000, especially block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene;
• c) Substituted polystyrenes, maleic acid derivatives and styrene maleic acid copolymers;
• d) polyvinylpyrrolidones having a number average molecular weight of about 7,000 to 1,000,000;
• e) vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers having a number average molecular weight of about 30,000 to 100,000;
• f) polyvinyl alcohol having a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 200,000, vinyl polyphthalate;
• g) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a number average molecular weight of about 6,000 to 80,000;
• h) alkyl (meth) acrylate polymers and copolymers having a number average molecular weight of about 100,000 to 1,000,000, especially ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymers and methacrylate / ethyl acrylate copolymers;
• i) polyvinyl acetate having a number average molecular weight of about 250,000 to 700,000, optionally stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone;
• j) polyalkylenes, in particular polyethylenes;
• k) phenoxyacetic acid-formaldehyde resin;
• l) cellulose derivatives such as ethyl cellulose, ethyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate;
• (m) animal, vegetable or synthetic fats;
• n) animal, vegetable or synthetic waxes or chemically modified animal, vegetable waxes such as beeswax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, montan ester wax and rice germ oil wax, spermaceti, lanolin, jojoba wax, Sasol wax, Japan wax or Japan wax replacement;
• o) animal and vegetable proteins such as gelatin, gelatin derivatives, gelatin substitutes, casein, whey, keratin, soy protein; Zein and wheat protein;
• p) mono- and disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, eg starches, modified starches and pectins, alginates, chitosan, carrageenans;
• q) vegetable oils, eg sunflower, safflower, cottonseed, soybean, corn germ, olive, rapeseed, linseed, olive, coconut, palm kernel and palm oil;
• r) synthetic or semi-synthetic oils, for example medium-chain triglycerides or mineral oils;
• s) animal oils such as herring, sardine and whale oil;
• t) hardened (hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated) oils / fats such as those mentioned above, in particular hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated soybean oil;
• u) lacquer coatings such as terpenes, in particular shellac, tolu balsam, balsam of Peru, sandarak, and silicone resins;
• v) fatty acids, both saturated and mono- and polyunsaturated C ₆ - to C ₂₄ -carboxylic acids;
• w) silicic acids;
• x) benzoic acid and / or salts of benzoic acid and / or esters of benzoic acid and / or derivatives of benzoic acid and / or salts of benzoic acid derivatives and / or esters of benzoic acid derivatives.

The called coating agent can also be used in mixtures with each other.

When examples for suitable polyalkylene glycols a) are: Polypropylene glycols and in particular polyethylene glycols of different molecular weight, such as PEG 4000 or PEG 6000, available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft under the trade names Lutrol E 4000 and Lutrol E 6000.

When examples for above polymers b) are to be mentioned: polyethylene oxides and polypropylene oxides, Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers and block copolymers, constructed polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide blocks, such as e.g. B. polymers that from BASF Aktiengesellschaft under the trade name Lutrol F68 and Lutrol F127 available are.

From the polymers a) and b) can preferably highly concentrated solutions of up to about 50% by weight, such as e.g. B. about 30 to 50 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the solution, be used advantageously.

When examples for above polymers d) may be mentioned: Polyvinylpyrrolidone, as they are for example, from BASF Aktiengesellschaft under the trade name Kollidon or Luviskol. Of these polymers can be highly concentrated solutions with a Feststoftanteil of about 30 to 40 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the solution, be used advantageously.

When example for the above-mentioned polymers e) is a vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymer, which is from BASF AG under the trade name Kollidon VA64 or Kollicoat SR. Of these copolymers can be highly concentrated solutions from about 30 to 40 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the solution, especially be used advantageously.

When example for The above polymers f) may be mentioned: Products, as for example sold by the company Hoechst under the trade name Mowiol become. Of these polymers can Solutions with a solids content in the range of about 8 to 20 wt .-% advantageous be used.

When examples for suitable polymers g) are: hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses, as they are z. B. sold by Shin Etsu under the trade name Pharmacoat.

When examples for abovementioned polymers h) are: alkyl (meth) acrylate polymers and copolymers, whose alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. As concrete examples for suitable copolymers may be mentioned: ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymers, which, for example, under the trade name Kollicoat EMM 30D of BASF AG or under the trade name Eudragit NE 30 D of the Fa. Röhm to be expelled; and methacrylate / ethyl acrylate copolymers such as for example, under the trade name Kollicoat MAE 30DP of the BASF Aktiengesellschaft or under the trade name Eudragit 30/55 from the company Röhm to be expelled. Such copolymers can be used, for example, as 10 to 40 wt .-% dispersions are processed according to the invention.

When examples for above polymers i) may be mentioned: polyvinyl acetate dispersions, which are stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone and, for example under the trade name Kollicoat SR 30D from BASF Aktiengesellschaft be distributed (solids content of the dispersion about 20 to 30 Wt .-%).

fats, e.g. such animal, vegetable or synthetic origin; As examples of animal fats m) are fats of pork, beef and geese, suitable is for example beef tallow. A suitable beef tallow is under the trade name Edenor NHIT-G (CAS No. 67701-27-3) of Cognis available.

Further Coating agents are gelatin, e.g. from beef, from pig, from Fish.

Further Coating agents are waxes, e.g. vegetable waxes, e.g. Candelilla wax, carnauba wax, rice germ oil wax, Japan wax or Japan wax substitute (available under the trade name Japan wax substitute 2909, Kahl wax refinery) Etc.; synthetic waxes, such as cetyl palmitate (available under the Trade name Cutina CP, CAS 95912-87-1 from Cognis), animal Waxes, e.g. Lanolin, beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti as well chemically modified waxes such as jojoba wax, sasol wax, montane ester wax.

in principle Other coatings from the solution are also conceivable: e.g. Sugar coating.

As well can vegetable oils q), e.g. Sunflower, thistle, cottonseed, soybean, corn and olive oil, Rapeseed, flax, olive, Coconut, (oil) palm kernel and (oil) palm oil; into consideration come. Suitable palm oils are for example under the trade name Vegelol PR 265 of the Fa. Aarhus Oliefabrik available. suitable Rape (seeds) oils are under the trade name Vegeol PR 267 of the company Aarhus Oliefabrik available. Palm kernel oil is under the trade name Tefacid Palmic 90 (CAS No. 57-10-3) from Karlshamns available.

As well can semi-synthetic oils r), e.g. medium chain triglycerides or mineral oils and / or animal oils s), e.g. Herring, sardine and whale oils be considered.

In a preferred embodiment are used as coating agents hydrogenated vegetable oils (t) including triglycerides, such as. hydrogenated cottonseed, corn, peanut, soybean, palm, Palm kernel, babassu, sunflower and dyer's thistle oils. Preferred hydrogenated vegetable oils include hydrogenated palm oil, Cottonseed oil and soy. The most preferred hydrogenated vegetable oil is hydrogenated soybean oil. Other fats and waxes derived from plants and animals are also suitable.

The preferably used hydrogenated vegetable oils can be present in different polymorphic Shapes are present, these are the α, β and β 'form. In a particularly preferred embodiment hydrogenated vegetable oils are used in the present invention, the predominantly in the β- and β 'form, especially those that are predominantly in the β-form available. The term "predominantly" is understood to mean that at least 25%, in particular at least 50%, preferably at least 75% of the crystal is in the preferred polymorphic form.

Especially preferred is the use of hydrogenated soybean oil with a Proportion of over 50%, especially over 75%, preferably over 90% β and / or β'-form.

In a preferred embodiment, the preparations coated according to the invention are provided with a coating agent which contains at least one compound which is selected from among Group consisting of benzoic acid and / or salts of benzoic acid and / or esters of benzoic acid and / or derivatives of benzoic acid and / or salts of benzoic acid derivatives and / or esters of benzoic acid derivatives.

When Salts of benzoic acid or benzoic acid derivatives its alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts of benzoic acid and Called ammonium benzoate. As alkali salts may be mentioned: lithium, Sodium, potassium and cesium benzoate. Particularly preferred are sodium and / or potassium benzoates. As alkaline earth salts its called calcium, Strontium and magnesium benzoates, particularly preferred are calcium and magnesium benzoates.

When Esters of benzoic acid or benzoic acid derivatives be the esters of benzoic acid or benzoic acid derivatives called with alcohols. Alcohols are both monofunctional as well as bifunctional as well as polyfunctional (more than 2 hydroxyl groups) suitable. Alcohols are both linear and branched alcohols suitable Particularly suitable are alcohols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular with 1 to 6 C atoms. Examples include: methanol, Ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, i-butyl alcohol. Preference is given to methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol. suitable Esters of benzoic acid or benzoic acid derivatives are also esters with alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group, such as glycols, by way of example 1,2 propanediol may be mentioned or triols, such as glycerol.

Prefers are methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, n-propyl benzoate and isopropyl benzoate and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate

derivatives the benzoic acid are compounds which on the aromatic ring one, two, three, four or five Wear substituents.

The substituents of the carboxylic acids according to the invention are, for example, C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl and aralkenyl, hydroxymethyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -hydroxyalkyl, C ₂ C ₈ -hydroxyalkenyl, aminomethyl, -, C ₂ -C ₈ -aminoalkyl, cyano, formyl, oxo, thioxo, hydroxy, mercapto, amino, carboxy or imino groups. Preferred substituents are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxy, amino and carboxy groups.

preferred benzoic acid derivatives are mono-, di- and trihydroxy-substituted benzoic acids.

For example be named m-hydroxybenzoic acid, o-hydroxy benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

For example may be mentioned 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid.

Especially Preference is given to monohydroxy-substituted benzoic acids, in particular p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

In a further embodiment can the said benzoates are mixed with one another.

preferred Coating compositions include hydrogenated vegetable oils including triglycerides, such as. hydrogenated cottonseed, corn, peanut, soybean, Palm, palm kernel, babassu, sunflower and dyer's thistle oils. Preferred hydrogenated vegetable oils include hydrogenated palm oil, Cottonseed oil and soy. The most preferred hydrogenated vegetable oil is hydrogenated soybean oil. Other fats and waxes derived from plants and animals are also suitable.

The following table contains particularly suitable coating materials

The coating compositions can be used both individually and in mixtures with one another. In one embodiment of the invention, talc and / or aluminum silicates, such as, for example, zeolites, feldspars or feldspar representatives, are added to the coating composition (s). Talcum = Mg ₃ (OH) ₂ / Si ₄ O ₁₀ also called soapstone.

For example, a highly concentrated, still sprayable liquid, such as. B. one to 50 wt .-% aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion of one or more of said coating materials are used. Likewise, powdery coating materials can be used.

In a further embodiment can the preparations according to the invention in addition to the hydroformates contain other ingredients. The vote The other components depend on the chosen field of application the so available Preparations. As further constituents in the context of the present invention For example, the following substances are mentioned: organic acids, vitamins, Carotenoids, trace elements, antioxidants, enzymes, amino acids, minerals , Emulsifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, binders, Anti-caking agents and / or flavorings.

In a preferred embodiment can the preparations according to the invention furthermore contain at least one short-chain carboxylic acid and / or at least one salt of the short-chain carboxylic acid and / or at least one Esters of the short-chain carboxylic acid and / or at least one derivative of the short-chain carboxylic acid.

Under short-chain carboxylic acids For the purposes of the invention, carboxylic acids are understood which are saturated or unsaturated and / or straight-chain or branched or cyclic and / or aromatic and / or may be heterocyclic. Under "short-chain" within the meaning of the invention become carboxylic acids understood that contain up to 12 carbon atoms, in particular up to 10 C atoms, in particular up to 8 C atoms.

The short-chain carboxylic acids usually a molecular weight less than 750. The short chain carboxylic acids in Meaning of the invention have one, two, three or more carboxy groups. The carboxy groups can in whole or in part as ester, acid anhydride, Lactone, amide, imidic acid, Lactam, lactim, dicarboximide, carbohydrazide, hydrazone, hydrocam, Hydroxime, amidine, amidoxime or nitrile present.

derivatives the short-chain carboxylic acids are carboxylic acids, which are simple along the carbon chain or ring skeleton, are doubly, trisubstituted or polysubstituted.

To the substituents of the carboxylic acids according to the invention are, for example, too counting C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl and aralkenyl, hydroxymethyl, C2-C8-hydroxyalkyl, C2-C8-hydroxyalkenyl, aminomethyl, C2-C8-aminoalkyl-, Cyano, formyl, oxo, thioxo, hydroxy, mercapto, amino, carboxy or imino groups. Preferred substituents are C 1 -C 8 -alkyl-, hydroxymethyl-, Hydroxy, amino and carboxy groups.

When examples for short-chain according to the invention carboxylic acids may be called formic acid, Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, Lactic acid, Citric acid, isobutyric, Valeric acid, Isovaleric, pivalic, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, tartaric, succinic, glutaric, glyceric, glyoxylic, adipic, pimelic, suberic, sebacic, propiolic, crotonic, isocrotonic, elaidic, maleic, fumaric, muconic, citraconic, mesaconic, camphoric, omp-phthalic acid, naphthoic acid, toluoic acid, hydratropic acid, atropic acid, cinnamic acid, isonicotinic acid, nicotinic acid, bicarbamic acid, 4,4'-dicyano-6,6'-binicotinic acid, 8-carbamoyloctanoic acid, 1,2,4-pentanetricarboxylic acid, 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid, 1,2,4,6,7-naphthalenepentaacetic acid, malonaldehyde acid, 4-hydroxy-phthalamic acid, 1-pyrazolecarboxylic acid, gallic acid or Propane.

When Salts of short-chain carboxylic acids its alkali and / or alkaline earth salts and ammonium salts called. As alkali salts may be mentioned: lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium salts. Particularly preferred are sodium and / or potassium salts. As alkaline earth salts its called calcium, strontium and magnesium salts, especially preferred are calcium and magnesium salts.

When Esters of short-chain carboxylic acids Let's call the esters with alcohols. As alcohols are both monofunctional as well as bifunctional as well as polyfunctional (more than 2 hydroxyl groups) suitable. As alcohols are both linear as well as branched alcohols suitable Particularly suitable are alcohols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular with 1 to 6 C atoms. Examples include: methanol, Ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, i-butyl alcohol. Preference is given to methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol. suitable Esters are also esters with alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group, such as glycols, by way of example 1,2 propanediol may be mentioned or triols, such as glycerol.

preferred Esters are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl esters.

Especially preferred is the use of acids and / or salts and / or esters of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, salicylic acid, citric acid, lactic acid and / or Tartaric acid.

All particularly preferred is the use of sodium propionate.

All Particularly preferred is the use of short-chain carboxylic acids, the as coating agent w) are described.

In a further embodiment can the mentioned short-chain carboxylic acids, salts and / or esters be used in mixtures with each other.

suitable Compounds are the compounds mentioned under coating agent x).

In a further embodiment can the preparations according to the invention in addition to the hydroformates carrier contain. In this embodiment the hydroformates are preferably bound to the carrier. Suitable as a carrier "inert" carrier materials, i.e. Materials that have no negative interactions with the in the preparation according to the invention show used components. Of course, the carrier material for the respective uses as adjuvant, e.g. in animal feed, be harmless. As carrier materials own both inorganic and organic carriers. When Examples of suitable support materials are: low molecular weight inorganic or organic compounds and high molecular weight organic compounds natural or of synthetic origin. Examples of suitable low molecular weight inorganic carriers are salts such as sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate and Magnesium sulfate kieselguhr or silica or silicic acid derivatives, such as. Silica, silicates or silica gels. Examples of suitable organic carriers In particular, sugars, such as. As glucose, fructose, sucrose as well as dextrins and starch products. As examples of high molecular weight organic carriers should be mentioned: starch and cellulose preparations, especially corn starch, Corncorn flour, ground rice hulls, Weizengrieskleie or cereal flours, such as. Wheat, rye, Barley and oatmeal or bran or mixtures thereof.

In a further embodiment can the preparations according to the invention contain additives in addition to the hydroformates. "Aggregates" means substances, the improvement of product properties, such as dust behavior, Flow properties, Water absorption capacity and storage stability serve. Aggregates and / or mixtures thereof may occur the base of sugars e.g. Lactose or maltodextrin, based of cereal or legume products e.g. Corncorn flour, wheat bran and soybean meal, on the base of mineral salts and the like Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium salts, as well as D-pantothenic acid or their salts themselves (chemically or fermentatively produced D-pantothenic acid salt).

The preparations according to the invention can the other ingredients, carriers and additives in mixtures.

The preparations according to the invention are usually in solid form, e.g. Powder, agglomerate, adsorbate, granules and / or extrudate. The powders usually have a medium Particle size from 1 .mu.m to 10000 .mu.m, in particular 20 μm to 5000 μm on.

The mean particle size distribution is determined as follows:
The powdery products are analyzed on a device from Malvern Instruments GmbH, Mastersizer S., Serial Number: 32734-08. To describe the width of the particle size distribution, the values D (v, 0.1), D (v, 0.5) and D (v, 0.9) are determined for the powders, and the mean particle size of the distribution D [4,3] is specified.

method for the production

to Preparation of the preparations according to the invention All methods are suitable in which one receives preparations whose surface at least 50%, in particular at least 70, very particularly preferably at least 80, in particular at least 90% is covered.

One The present invention relates to a method for Preparation of the preparations according to the invention, in which the hydroformates by desublimation of the coating agent coated.

In this method, the coating agent is sublimated and desublimated on the coated preparations, ie deposited. Such methods are known in the literature as sublimation or desublimation methods. The novel process makes it possible to apply the coating composition homogeneously and in desired layer thicknesses. The method of sublimation and desublimation is described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, 2000 Electronic Release, Chapter 4.1. Suitable evaporators (sublimers) are those described in Ullmanns aoo Chapter 5.1, capacitors (desublimators) as described in Chapter 5.2, apparatus designs and interconnections are in the 5 . 6 . 7 . 9 and 10 to which reference is expressly made. Another possible capacitor is called the fluidized bed.

In a preferred embodiment is used in this process as a coating agent at least one Compound of substance class x) used.

One The present invention relates to a method for Preparation of coated preparations containing hydroformates in which the hydroformates, optionally together with others Ingredients and / or aggregates in a suitable apparatus submitted and with a coating agent, optionally under Addition of further ingredients, coated.

When suitable apparatuses are mentioned by way of example: mixers, fluidized bed, Drag drums and drum coater.

The advantageously in powder form present hydroformates (e.g., in crystalline, amorphous form, in the form of adsorbates, extrudates, granules and / or agglomerates) be in this case in the appropriate apparatus, preferably in a fluidized bed or submitted to a mixer. The hydroformates are combined if necessary submitted with so-called aggregates and other ingredients. Plowshares, shovels, cutterheads, Knetelemente, Koller, snails or similar provide for more or less intensive product mixing. Classic examples are intensive mixers, plowshare mixers, cone screw mixers or similar Apparatuses.

Very flat, box or trough-shaped designs with one or more screws can be used. Other types are high-speed mixers such as the Turbolizer ^® mixer / coater from Hosokawa Micron BV, kneader, edge moulder, and all types of drum coaters or coating drums.

alternative is the product mixing over a movement of the entire container possible in so-called free-fall mixers. Examples are coating plates, Tumbler mixer, V-mixer, drum mixer or similar. One more way consists in the use of pneumatic mixers. The mixture of solids is, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, 2000, Mixing of Solids.

The Coating can be connected either directly in the apparatus carried out become.

The said method can be both continuous and discontinuous carried out be in accordance with discontinuous or continuous mixers)

In individual cases it may be necessary when applying the coating agent or immediately afterwards / before powdering agents such as talc, silicates or similar to adhere adhesions.

The Dosing / addition of the coating agent is possibly carried out together with other components usually via facilities for dripping or spraying. Examples of this are lances, shower heads, single-material or multi-fluid nozzles, In rare cases rotating dripping or atomizing devices. In the simplest case, the addition is also locally as concentrated Beam possible.

One The present invention relates to a method for Preparation of coated preparations containing hydroformates in which one coating agent, optionally with the addition of more Ingredients in a suitable apparatus and hydroformates, optionally together with other constituents and / or additives, admits.

In one embodiment of this method, the initially solid coating agent is placed in a suitable apparatus and due to a wall heating of the apparatus or the shaft or due to the mechanical energy input melted or softened. The hydroformates and optionally further constituents and / or additives are added and coated with the melted or softened coating agent.

In an embodiment this procedure will be additional to be submitted coating agent carrier in the mixer and possibly premixed and due to high mechanical energy input in the same or in separate apparatuses (examples are all already mentioned mixer but also slow-running mills and dryers) are the Hydroformates and optionally other ingredients and / or Aggregates coated.

The Addition of the coating agent can at overpressure, atmospheric pressure or at negative pressure against atmosphere, preferably at atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure.

In individual cases it may be advantageous to use the hydroformates and optionally further constituents and / or additives and / or the coating agent preheat or cool (Change from Viscosity, change the wetting properties, influencing the solidification properties) as well as heat over the container wall and / or to supply or remove the mixing tools. In individual cases It may be necessary to remove water or solvent vapors. A change The wetting properties can also by adding surface active Substances such as emulsifiers or the like be achieved.

to Improving the coating properties may be advantageous be to evacuate the mixer and if necessary to cover with inert gas. Dependent on This is to be repeated several times from the coating material.

The Addition of the hydroformates, gglfs. further ingredients and / or Additives as well as the coating agent can if necessary done in different places in the apparatus.

Of the Addition place for Coating agents or aggregates will meet the requirements varied and selected by the skilled person. The above-described means for dripping or jetting are as needed via the product layer (Topsprayverfahren) arranged or in the product layer immersed (from the side over Apparatus walls, through channels in the mixing tools or from below on apparatus or fluidized beds).

One The present invention relates to a method for Preparation of coated preparations containing hydroformates in which the hydroformates, (optionally together with further Ingredients and / or additives) and the coating agent in a suitable apparatus, then in an extrusion process verstrangt and then transferred by breaking and / or rounding in granules.

In a further embodiment After mixing, a press agglomeration with possibly downstream Comminution and fractionation are used for granulation (e.g., tableting or roll compaction).

In a further embodiment According to the present invention, the production of the coated according to the invention takes place Preparations batchwise or continuously in fluidized beds respectively. The movement of the particles is carried out by the optionally name is or chilled Swirl gas. As the fluidizing gas, e.g. Air or inert gas (e.g. Nitrogen). In individual cases it may be useful over the container wall and over in the Fluidized bed immersed heat exchanger surfaces to supply heat or to withdraw. Suitable fluidized beds and the required Peripherals are state of the art.

The discontinuous or continuous metering and optionally the preheating of the hydroformates, optionally the other constituents and aggregates are made by means described above, which are known in the art.

For example can the hydroformates are placed in a fluidized bed. These will swirled and sprayed on an aqueous or non-aqueous solution or dispersion or a melt of a suitable coating agent coated.

Helpful are according to the prior art known internals, which a targeted mixing support the solid to be coated. Examples include rotating displacement body, Wursterrohre but also custom-made Wirbelbodengeometrien (inclination and / or perforation of the soil) or the support of the targeted solids movement through appropriately arranged nozzles, such as tangentially arranged single-component or binary or Mehrstoftdüsen.

The Preparation of coated preparations containing hydroformates can in individual cases advantageous in combination of mixers and fluidized bed.

One The present invention relates to a method for Preparation of coated preparations containing hydroformates in the hydroformiate, optionally together with other ingredients and / or additives in melts of suitable coating compositions dispersed and then the resulting dispersions are divided and solidified.

In an embodiment this method can the hydroformates, optionally together with other ingredients and / or additives in the form of a melt.

In a further embodiment are the preparations of the invention obtained by the hydroformates (and optionally the other Constituents and / or additives) in melts of suitable coating compositions suspended and then the dispersions thus obtained are atomized and / or dispersed and solidified leaves. Suitable coating agents in the form of melts are substances whose melting point less than the melting point of the hydroformates to be suspended. Examples include fats, waxes, oils, lipids, lipid-like and lipid-soluble Substances with corresponding melting points.

These Suspensions are subsequently in a cold gas stream - with and without the use of powdering agents - atomised so that coated preparations, containing hydroformates arise. These methods are those skilled in the art for example, under the terms spray cooling, spray hardening, prilling or melt encapsulation and solidification on cooling belts, rolls, Pastille plates and ribbons known.

Prefers The melts are prepared in a first step before the hydroformates are added and suspended. The suspending can be batchwise in a stirred tank or also continuously in e.g. suitable pumps or as a result sufficiently high turbulence easy in injectors and piping respectively. Possible is also the use of static mixer. The protective heating of the required plant components - including the Lines and atomizing organs - is the Specialist known.

When cooling gas Are preferred air and nitrogen in question. The gas guide can be carried out in the same, counter or cross flow. The procedure can in classic spraying, Prill towers or other containers. Fluidized beds with and without hold-up are also suitable. The Process can be operated batchwise or continuously. The separation of the solid is e.g. in cyclones or filters possible. Alternatively, the collection of the solid with and without post-cooling in Fluidized beds or mixers conceivable.

When atomizing are nozzles (One and two-fluid nozzles or special designs) as well as atomizer wheels or atomizer disks or plates or atomizer baskets - or special designs thereof - suitable.

In a further embodiment atomized and solidify the so available Dispersions in liquids, in which neither the hydroformates nor the coating agents are soluble. A classic festtlüssigtrennung with following Drying lead for the preparation according to the invention.

One Another object of the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of coated preparations containing hydroformates, in which hydroformates, ggl. further constituents and / or additives in a coating agent, in particular a lipophilic coating agent dispersed, in an aqueous solution a protective colloid, preferably gelatin and / or gelatin derivatives or / and Gelatine substitutes with the addition of one or more substances emulsified the group of mono-, di- polysaccharides and then a Spray drying subjects.

at very fine-grained hydroformates are preferably used in this process, which, for example, by precipitation, Crystallization, spray drying or grinding can be obtained.

In an embodiment can the hydroformates prior to dispersion in the lipophilic component one or more emulsifiers and / or stabilizers are added.

When lipophilic coating compositions are suitable melts of fats, oils, waxes, Lipids, lipid-like and lipid-soluble substances with a melting point which is smaller than the melting point of the hydroformates used.

The dispersions thus obtained (hydroformed oil droplets) be in a subsequent Process step in an aqueous solution a protective colloid, preferably gelatin and / or gelatin derivatives and / or gelatine substitutes with the addition of one or more substances preferably maize starch is emulsified from the group of mono-, di- polysaccharides. The emulsions thus obtained are shaped by spraying and followed by or simultaneous drying.

In a further embodiment contain the coated according to the invention Preparations bound hydroformates to a carrier.

The Production of the carriers bound preparations is carried out according to manufacturing methods known in the art, such as. by adsorption of the preparations according to the invention in liquid form to the vehicles.

application

The preparations according to the invention are suitable for use in feed for animals (animal feed). Examples include: pigs, ruminants, poultry and other domestic and farm animals. The preparations according to the invention are particularly suitable for broilers (Broilers, turkeys, geese), also for Porkers.

The preparations according to the invention are particularly suitable as an additive to animal feed in the form of feed additives.

• – die Beschaffenheit der Futtermittel oder der tierischen Erzeugnisse zu beeinflussen,
• – den Bedarf der Tiere an bestimmten Nähr- oder Wirkstoffen zu decken oder die tierische Erzeugung zu verbessern, insbesondere durch Einwirkung auf die Magen- und Darmflora oder die Verdaulichkeit der Futtermittel oder durch Verringerung von Belästigungen durch Ausscheidungen der Tiere, oder
• – besondere Ernährungszwecke zu erreichen oder bestimmte zeitweilige ernährungsphysiologische Bedürfnisse der Tiere zu decken.

Feed additives are, according to the feed law, in particular those substances which are intended, individually or in the form of preparations, to be added to feed

• - to influence the nature of feed or animal products,
• - to meet the needs of the animals for certain nutrients or active substances or to improve animal production, in particular by affecting the gastrointestinal flora or the digestibility of the feedingstuffs or by reducing the nuisance caused by excreta of the animals, or
• - to achieve special nutritional purposes or to meet certain temporary nutritional needs of the animals.

When Feed additives continue to be subject to substances by ordinance according to § 4 Paragraph 1 (3) (b) of the Feed Act as additives allowed are.

The preparations according to the invention are particularly suitable as an additive to premixes for animal feed. Premixes are Mixtures of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, trace elements as well sometimes. Enzymes. With the preparations according to the invention it is possible premixes containing Produce hydroformates.

• (i) eine beschichtete Zubereitung enthaltend Hydroformiate zu einem Prämix gibt
• (ii) den so erhaltenen Prämix mit den übrigen Inhaltsstoffen des Futtermittels und/oder Futtermittelzusatzstoffes mischt.

Another object of the present invention relates to a method for producing a hydroformate-containing feed and / or feed additive, characterized in that

• (i) adding a coated preparation containing hydroformates to a premix
• (ii) mix the resulting premix with the remaining ingredients of the feed and / or feed additive.

The preparations according to the invention In particular, they are suitable as so-called "acidifiers." Acidifiers are substances of this type understood that lower the pH. There are both such substances which lower the pH in the substrate (e.g., animal feed) as well as those that lower the pH in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal.

The preparations according to the invention are particularly suitable as performance promoters. In a preferred embodiment, the preparations according to the invention are used as performance promoters for welding ne and poultry used.

The preparations according to the invention are particularly suitable as feed additives that the pH in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal lower and thereby stabilize contribute to a beneficial intestinal microflora. Furthermore can by the dissociation power the preparations according to the invention an antimicrobial effect especially on unwanted bacteria (For example E. coli). In a preferred embodiment are the preparations of the invention so used that the pH goes beyond the stomach, yet in the area of the other digestive tract is reduced. This is particularly advantageous in poultry.

Animal feed are composed so that the appropriate need for nutrients for the respective Animal species is optimally covered. In general, herbal Feed components such as corn, wheat or barley meal, soybean bean meal, Soybean meal, leash, rapeseed meal, Grass meal or pea meal selected as raw protein sources. To a corresponding To ensure energy content of the feed, be soybean oil or other animal or vegetable fats added. Because the vegetable Protein sources just inadequate some essential amino acids Amount, feeds are often fortified with amino acids. These are mainly lysine and methionine. To the To ensure the supply of minerals and vitamins to livestock will also be minerals and vitamins added. The type and amount of added minerals and vitamins depends on of the animal species and is known to those skilled in the art (see, e.g., Jeroch et al., Nutrition farm animals, Ulmer, UTB). To cover the nutrient and energy needs Complete feed can be used, all nutrients in the needs-covering relationship contain each other. It can be the only food of the animals. Alternatively, to a grain feed from grain a supplementary feed are given. These are protein, mineral and vitamin rich Feed mixtures containing the grain feed make sense.

The preparations according to the invention are also suitable as preservatives, especially as Preservative for forage and / or animal feed.

It has been found that the preparations according to the invention advantageously can be used in the production of silage. she accelerate the lactic acid fermentation or Prevent a post-fermentation. Another object of the invention therefore relates to the use the preparations according to the invention as ensiling agent (silage auxiliaries).

One Another object of the present invention relates to the use the preparations according to the invention in fertilizers.

Melt agglomeration in Intensive Mixer R02, Fa. Eirich

1000 kg of trisodium hydrogen formate were initially introduced into the mixer and heated to a product temperature of 50 ° C. by means of the electrical heat tracing with a rotating mixing pot (n = 84 min ^-1 ). 0.290 kg Vegeol PR 273 were added as a binding / coating agent after preheating to T = 85 ° C molten in a full jet with a spray rate of 40 g / min. During melt addition, the mixer pot (n = 84 min ^-1 ) and star vortexer (n = 900 min ^-1 ) rotated in opposite directions. After completion of the addition of melt, the product was post-granulated for 3 minutes, during which the mixing pot (n = 84 min ^-1 ) and star vortex (n = 900 min ^-1 ) rotated in the same direction. It set a product temperature of T = 58 ° C. The cooling to 35 ° C was carried out at a static mixer. Thereafter, stable agglomerates composed of primary agglomerates were separated.
Bulk density: 610 kg / m ³
Sieve analysis Planschwingsieb:
Mass fraction of fines (<0.5 mm): 12.5%
Mass fraction of coarse material (> 1.4 mm): 24.5%
Mass fraction of useful goods: (0.5-1.4mm): 63%

Claims (20)

Coated preparation containing at least one hydroformate of the general formula (I) M ₃ [HCOO] ₃ .HCOOH (I) where M = Na, K, Cs, NH ₄ . Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that that trisodium hydroformate is used as the hydroformate. Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the preparation further ingredients and / or Aggregates and / or carriers contains. Preparations according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a) polyalkylene glycols, in particular polyethylene glycols having a number average molecular weight of about 400 to 15,000, such as 400 to 10,000; b) polyalkylene oxide polymers or copolymers having a number average molecular weight of about 4,000 to 20,000, especially block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene; c) Substituted polystyrenes, maleic acid derivatives and styrene maleic acid copolymers; d) polyvinylpyrrolidones having a number average molecular weight of from about 7,000 to 1,000,000; e) vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers having a number average molecular weight of about 30,000 to 100,000; f) polyvinyl alcohol having a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 200,000, vinyl polyphthalate; g) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a number average molecular weight of about 6,000 to 80,000; h) alkyl (meth) acrylate polymers and copolymers having a number average molecular weight of about 100,000 to 1,000,000, especially ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymers and methacrylate / ethyl acrylate copolymers; i) polyvinyl acetate having a number average molecular weight of about 250,000 to 700,000, optionally stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone; j) polyalkylenes, in particular polyethylenes; k) phenoxyacetic acid-formaldehyde resin; l) cellulose derivatives such as ethyl cellulose, ethyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate; (m) animal, vegetable or synthetic fats; n) animal, vegetable or synthetic waxes or chemically modified animal, vegetable waxes such as beeswax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, montan ester wax and rice germ oil wax, spermaceti, lanolin, jojoba wax, Sasol wax, Japan wax or Japan wax replacement; o) animal and vegetable proteins such as gelatin, gelatin derivatives, gelatin substitutes, casein, whey, keratin, soy protein; Zein and wheat protein; p) mono- and disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, eg starches, modified starches and pectins, alginates, chitosan, carrageenans; q) vegetable oils, eg sunflower, safflower, cottonseed, soybean, corn germ, olive, rapeseed, linseed, olive, coconut, palm kernel and palm oil; r) Synthetic or semi-synthetic oils, eg medium chain triglycerides or mineral oils; s) animal oils such as herring, sardine and whale oil; t) Cured (hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated) oils / fats such as those mentioned above, in particular hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated soybean oil; u) lacquer coatings such as terpenes, in particular shellac, tolu balsam, balsam of Peru, sandarak, and silicone resins; v) fatty acids, both saturated and mono- and polyunsaturated C ₆ - to C ₂₄ -carboxylic acids; w) silicic acids; x) benzoic acid and / or salts of benzoic acid and / or esters of benzoic acid and / or derivatives of benzoic acid and / or salts of benzoic acid derivatives and / or esters of benzoic acid derivatives. Preparations according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that they are in the form of powder having an average particle size of from 1 μm to 10 000 μm, in particular 20 microns up to 5000 μm is present. Process for the preparation of coated preparations according to at least one of the preceding claims, in which (i) at least one hydroformate is introduced, optionally with the admixture of further constituents and / or additives (ii) the resulting mixture with a coating agent, optionally together with further Be coated components. Process for the preparation of coated preparations according to at least one of the preceding claims, in which (i) coating agent, optionally with the addition of further constituents in a suitable Apparatus presents (ii) at least one hydroformate, optionally together with other ingredients and / or additives Process for the preparation of preparations according to at least one of the preceding claims wherein the hydroformates before coating on a substrate applies. Process for the preparation of coated preparations according to at least one of the preceding claims in which (i) at least a hydroformate, optionally together with other ingredients and / or additives in melts of suitable coating compositions dispersed (ii) the dispersions thus obtained are divided and stiffens. Process for the preparation of coated preparations according to at least one of the preceding claims in which (i) at least a hydroformate, optionally together with other ingredients and / or additives in a coating composition, in particular a lipophilic coating agent dispersed, (ii) in one aqueous solution a protective colloid, preferably gelatin and / or gelatin derivatives and / or gelatine substitutes with the addition of one or more substances from the group of mono-, di- polysaccharides emulsified (Iii) and shaping by spraying and subsequently or simultaneous drying. Process for the preparation of coated preparations according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a hydroformate coated by desublimation of the coating composition. Use of a preparation after at least one of the preceding claims in premixes for animal feed. Use of a preparation after at least one of the preceding claims in feed additives and / or animal feed, in particular for pigs, poultry and calves. Process for the preparation of at least one hydroformate containing feed and / or feed additive thereby marked that one (i) a preparation according to one of claims 1 to 5 for a premix gives (ii) the premix thus obtained with the remaining ingredients of the feed and / or feed additive. Animal feed containing a preparation according to at least one of the preceding claims. Use of the preparations after at least one of the preceding claims as a performance promoter and / or growth promoters. Use of the preparations after at least one of the preceding claims as an acidifier. Use of the preparations after at least one of the preceding claims as a preservative. Use of the preparations after at least one of the preceding claims as an ensiling agent. Use of the preparations after at least one of the preceding claims in fertilizers.