EP1450013B1 - Electromagnetic valve actuator for internal combustion engine and engine comprising such an actuator - Google Patents
Electromagnetic valve actuator for internal combustion engine and engine comprising such an actuator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1450013B1 EP1450013B1 EP04300086A EP04300086A EP1450013B1 EP 1450013 B1 EP1450013 B1 EP 1450013B1 EP 04300086 A EP04300086 A EP 04300086A EP 04300086 A EP04300086 A EP 04300086A EP 1450013 B1 EP1450013 B1 EP 1450013B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electromagnet
- plate
- actuator
- valve
- magnetic
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/40—Methods of operation thereof; Control of valve actuation, e.g. duration or lift
- F01L2009/4086—Soft landing, e.g. applying braking current; Levitation of armature close to core surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromechanical valve actuator for an internal combustion engine and to an internal combustion engine provided with such an actuator.
- An electromechanical actuator 100 (FIG. 1) of valve 110 comprises mechanical means, such as springs 102 and 104, and electromagnetic means, such as electromagnets 106 and 108, for controlling the position of valve 110 by means of electrical signals. .
- the tail of the valve 110 is applied against the rod 112 of a magnetic plate 114 located between the two electromagnets 106 and 108.
- the simultaneous displacement of the rod 112 allows the spring 102 to place the valve 110 in the closed position, the head of the valve 110 coming against its seat 111 and preventing the exchange of gas between the inside and the outside of the cylinder 117.
- the electromagnet 108 when a current flows in the coil 107 of the electromagnet 106, (the electromagnet 108 is deactivated), the latter is activated and attracts the plate 114 which comes into contact with it and moves the rod 112 by compressing the spring 102, using the spring 104, so that the rod 112 acts on the valve 110 and places it in the open position, the valve head being away from its seat 111 to allow, by For example, an admission or injection of gas into the cylinder 117. The valve is then in the so-called low position.
- valve 110 and the plate 114 alternate fixed positions, said switched, with transient movements between these two positions.
- the actuator 100 may be provided with magnets 118 (electromagnet 108) and 116 (electromagnet 106) intended to reduce the energy required to maintain the plate 114 in a switched position, that is to say in contact against one of the electromagnets.
- Such electromagnets are hereinafter referred to as magnet electromagnets or polarized electromagnets.
- the document US 6198370 discloses an electromechanical valve actuator for an internal combustion engine.
- This actuator comprises a magnetic plate capable of moving between a high electromagnet and a low electromagnet.
- the actuator according to US 6198370 comprises means so that the displacements of the plate are controlled in a conventional manner by the two electromagnets and the mechanical actions of return of the springs on the plate (see col 3 line 66 - col 4 line 9).
- the displacements of the plate are therefore not “solely controlled by the first electromagnet and the mechanical return action so that the plate travels back and forth from the remote position.
- the present invention overcomes at least one of these disadvantages. It results from the observation that the action exerted on a plate by an electromagnet can be controlled more precisely, and with a greater range, when this electromagnet is polarized, as explained below with the aid of FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows the forces F (ordinate axis 200, in Newton) exerted on a magnetic plate by a polarized electromagnet (curve 202 1 ) and by a unpolarized electromagnet (curve 206), fed by the same current, as a function of the air gap e (abscissa axis 208, in mm) separating the electromagnet from the plate.
- the force exerted by a non-polarized electromagnet is non-linear, namely inversely proportional to the square of the air gap and proportional to the square of the intensity of the current supplying the electromagnet.
- the variation of the force exerted by the polarized electromagnet is more linear than the variation of the force exerted by the unpolarized electromagnet, which allows a better control of this force during the displacement of the plate.
- the present invention also results from the observation that the force exerted by a polarized electromagnet on a magnetic plate can compensate for the mechanical return force to which the latter is subjected even though this plate is remote from the electromagnet.
- the force exerted by the electromagnet for different decreasing supply currents (curves 202 2 , 202 3 and 202 4 ) is determined, as is the mechanical force exerted by springs on the plate (curve 210). depending on the distance or gap between the latter and the electromagnet.
- the force exerted by this electromagnet equal the mechanical force for an air gap lower than the value of the distribution set.
- the invention results from the observation that keeping a valve in a switched position requires a large supply even though this maintenance is not necessary to carry out the steps of admission and / or exhaust of the gases to the cylinder.
- the present invention relates to an electromechanical valve actuator for an internal combustion engine provided with a polarized electromagnet exerting a magnetic action on a magnetic plate subjected to a mechanical return action, this action being able to compensate the mechanical action and maintaining the plate in a position remote from the electromagnet, characterized in that the actuator comprises means for the displacements of the plate to be controlled solely by this electromagnet and the mechanical return action so that the plate travels -returns from the remote position
- the contacts between the plate and the electromagnet are removed and the operation of the actuator causes a greatly reduced noise.
- the actuator comprises means for the distance position of the plate to correspond to a open position of the valve.
- the actuator comprises means for moving the remote plate away from the electromagnet by canceling or reversing the direction of the current supplying the electromagnet.
- the tray is held at such a distance that the stem of the valve is spaced from a stem of the tray controlling this valve.
- the plateau is of section smaller than the section of the extreme branches and / or less than half of the section of the branch.
- the electromagnet being E-shaped, a magnet is fixed at the end of one of these branches, vis-à-vis the tray.
- the mechanical return action is generated by at least one spring.
- the invention also relates to an internal combustion engine provided with an electromechanical valve actuator of an internal combustion engine comprising a polarized electromagnet and a movable magnetic plate subjected to a mechanical return action.
- the actuator is according to one of the preceding embodiments.
- an actuator 301 comprises an electromagnet 300, E-shaped, and a magnetic plate 302 mobile in the vicinity of the electromagnet 300.
- a magnetic circuit is formed, on the one hand, by the central branch 304, of section S c , and the end branches 306, of section S c / 2 , of the electromagnet 300 and, on the other hand, by the tray 302, section S p .
- the polarized electromagnet can concentrate the magnetic flux it generates by reducing the section of its extreme branches 306 so that the central section S c of the electromagnet is greater than twice the section S c of the ends.
- Such a concentration of flux makes it possible to obtain significant inductions in the gap with the use of weak residual field magnets, such as magnets formed of ferrite or composite materials.
- section S p of the plate is equal to the section S c / 2 of the magnetic circuit so as to reduce the mass of the plate.
- springs (not shown) of low stiffness can be used to control a limited mass plateau. Therefore, it reduces the power consumption required to move the tray.
- Such an improvement of the control of the plate makes it possible, for example, to control the speed of approach of the plateau vis-a-vis electromagnet or change the switching times of the board.
- the size of the electromagnet is no longer imposed in height by the section of the magnet.
- FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d Various measurements relating to the operation of an actuator provided with two electromagnets such as the electromagnet 300 and a magnetic plate, such as the plate 302, are represented in FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d depending on whether this mode of operation is according to the invention ( Figures 4b and 4d) or not ( Figures 4a and 4c).
- a first mode of operation called switching with docking, is described using Figure 4a.
- the plate is located between two electromagnets successively activated in order to maintain this plate to their contact.
- the plate switches between a first position x b minimum and a second position x h maximum respectively corresponding to the position of the plate in contact with the low electromagnet and the position of the plate in contact with the high electromagnet.
- the speed v of the plate (axis 408) varies in accordance with this displacement so that, in contact with the low electromagnet or the high electromagnet, this speed is zero while it maximizes when the plate is substantially equidistant from these two electromagnets.
- each electromagnet is powered by a current im holding.
- FIG. 4b A second mode of operation of the actuator is described using Figure 4b. According to this mode, the control of the previously described plateau is carried out by means of successive activations of the electromagnets, as described by means of FIG. 4a, but the plate is kept remote from the electromagnets in accordance with the invention. Subsequently, the tray held remote by an electromagnet is said to levitate.
- the minimum position x ' b of the plate has a value greater than the value x b that the plate had when the latter came into contact with the low electromagnet.
- the low electromagnet keeps the remotely switched board levitated.
- the high electromagnet keeps the plate near its vicinity so that the maximum position x ' h has a value lower than the value x h of the plate when the latter comes into contact with the high electromagnet (FIG. 4a).
- a third mode of operation called ballistics with docking, is described using Figure 4c. According to this third mode, the displacements of the plateau situated between two electromagnets are controlled only by the activation of only one of these electromagnets as explained below.
- the position x (axis 420, in mm) of the plate varies as a function of time (abscissa axis 422, in ms) from its first position x h maximum to a second position x b minimum corresponding, respectively, to the position of the platter in contact against the high electromagnet and at the position closest to the plate vis-à-vis the low electromagnet.
- the plate makes a round trip from the high electromagnet so that its speed v (axis 424) increases when it tends towards the low electromagnet, then reverses when the plate moves away from this electromagnet low to return to the high electromagnet.
- Such a ballistic control mode therefore allows, as shown along the axis 426, to require only the current supply ih of the high electromagnet to control the plate.
- the ballistic control of the plate is combined with a levitation of the latter by the high electromagnet.
- FIGS. 5a and 5b represent the operation of an actuator 500 according to the invention, the plate 502 being kept remote from the electromagnets 504 and 506 in its switched high (FIG. 5a) or low (FIG. 5b) position.
- the clearance 509 between the rod 508 of the plate and the rod 510 of the valve is kept at a low value by the high electromagnet 504 which holds the plate in levitation.
- the contact between the valve stem and the platen shaft occurs at a slower speed than if the platen came into contact with the electromagnet, thereby reducing the noise of the electromagnet. contact.
- the present invention is capable of many variants. For example, it is possible to have a magnet on the plate so that the latter generates a field maintaining the plate remote from the electromagnet.
- the use of the invention makes it possible to use an inlet valve actuator separate from an exhaust valve actuator.
- an intake valve actuator can be sized to provide a standard holding power since the cold holding of the valve is ensured by the removal of this maintenance.
- the dimensions of the intake actuator can be reduced, thus reducing the mass and dimensions of the engine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un actionneur électromécanique de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne et à un moteur à combustion interne muni d'un tel actionneur.The present invention relates to an electromechanical valve actuator for an internal combustion engine and to an internal combustion engine provided with such an actuator.
Un actionneur 100 électromécanique (figure 1) de soupape 110 comporte des moyens mécaniques, tels que des ressorts 102 et 104, et des moyens électromagnétiques, tels que des électroaimants 106 et 108, pour commander la position de la soupape 110 au moyen de signaux électriques.An electromechanical actuator 100 (FIG. 1) of
A cet effet la queue de la soupape 110 est appliquée contre la tige 112 d'un plateau magnétique 114 situé entre les deux électroaimants 106 et 108.For this purpose the tail of the
Lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 109 de l'électroaimant 108, ce dernier est activé et attire le plateau magnétique 114 qui vient à son contact en position dite « haute ».When a current flows in the
Le déplacement simultané de la tige 112 permet au ressort 102 de placer la soupape 110 en position fermée, la tête de la soupape 110 venant contre son siège 111 et empêchant les échanges de gaz entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du cylindre 117.The simultaneous displacement of the
De façon analogue (non représentée), lorsqu'un courant circule dans la bobine 107 de l'électroaimant 106, (l'électroaimant 108 étant désactivé), ce dernier est activé et attire le plateau 114 qui vient à son contact et déplace la tige 112 en comprimant le ressort 102, à l'aide du ressort 104, de telle sorte que cette tige 112 agit sur la soupape 110 et place cette dernière en position ouverte, la tête de la soupape étant éloignée de son siège 111 pour permettre, par exemple, une admission ou une injection de gaz dans le cylindre 117. La soupape est alors en position dite basse.Similarly (not shown), when a current flows in the
Ainsi, la soupape 110 et le plateau 114 alternent des positions fixes, dites commutées, avec des déplacements transitoires entre ces deux positions.Thus, the
Par ailleurs, l'actionneur 100 peut être muni d'aimants 118 (électroaimant 108) et 116 (électroaimant 106) destinés à réduire l'énergie nécessaire au maintien du plateau 114 dans une position commutée, c'est-à-dire en contact contre un des électroaimants. De tels électroaimants sont dénommés par la suite électroaimants à aimant ou électroaimants polarisés.Furthermore, the
Les actionneurs connus présentent l'inconvénient de nécessiter une énergie importante pour maintenir la soupape dans une position commutée alors même que ce maintien ne fournit aucune énergie de propulsion au véhicule.Known actuators have the disadvantage of requiring significant energy to maintain the valve in a switched position even though this maintenance does not provide any propulsion energy to the vehicle.
En outre, ils génèrent un bruit de fonctionnement important dû au contact du plateau contre l'électroaimant.In addition, they generate a significant operating noise due to the contact of the plate against the electromagnet.
Le document
L'actionneur selon
En outre, dans
La présente invention remédie à au moins un de ces inconvénients. Elle résulte de la constatation que l'action exercée sur un plateau par un électroaimant peut être contrôlée de façon plus précise, et avec une portée supérieure, lorsque cet électroaimant est polarisé, comme expliqué ci-dessous à l'aide de la figure 2The present invention overcomes at least one of these disadvantages. It results from the observation that the action exerted on a plate by an electromagnet can be controlled more precisely, and with a greater range, when this electromagnet is polarized, as explained below with the aid of FIG.
Sur cette figure 2 sont représentées les forces F (axe des ordonnées 200, en Newton) exercées sur un plateau magnétique par un électroaimant polarisé (courbe 2021) et par un électroaimant non polarisé (courbe 206), alimentés par un même courant, en fonction de l'entrefer e (axe des abscisses 208, en mm) séparant l'électroaimant du plateau.FIG. 2 shows the forces F (ordinate
On observe que la force F exercée par l'électroaimant non polarisé (courbe 206), alimenté par un courant i, décroît fortement en fonction de l'entrefer.It is observed that the force F exerted by the unpolarized electromagnet (curve 206), fed by a current i, decreases strongly as a function of the gap.
De fait, la force exercée par un électroaimant non polarisé est non linéaire, à savoir inversement proportionnelle au carré de l'entrefer et proportionnelle au carré de l'intensité du courant alimentant l'électroaimant.In fact, the force exerted by a non-polarized electromagnet is non-linear, namely inversely proportional to the square of the air gap and proportional to the square of the intensity of the current supplying the electromagnet.
Inversement, dans le cas d'un électroaimant polarisé alimenté par un courant i identique (courbe 2021) au courant précédemment utilisé, la force exercée par l'actionneur décroît moins rapidement en fonction de l'entrefer e.Conversely, in the case of a polarized electromagnet supplied with an identical current (curve 202 1 ) to the previously used current, the force exerted by the actuator decreases less rapidly as a function of the air gap e.
Ainsi, la variation de la force exercée par l'électroaimant polarisé est plus linéaire que la variation de la force exercée par l'électroaimant non polarisé, ce qui permet un meilleur contrôle de cette force au cours du déplacement du plateau.Thus, the variation of the force exerted by the polarized electromagnet is more linear than the variation of the force exerted by the unpolarized electromagnet, which allows a better control of this force during the displacement of the plate.
Il convient de souligner que, si le plateau est saturé par le champ magnétique issu de l'électroaimant, la force exercée par ce dernier augmente moins fortement quand l'entrefer diminue, comme représenté par la courbe 2021' de la courbe 2021.It should be emphasized that, if the plateau is saturated by the magnetic field from the electromagnet, the force exerted by the latter increases less strongly when the air gap decreases, as represented by the curve 202 1 'of the curve 202 1 .
La présente invention résulte aussi de la constatation que la force exercée par un électroaimant polarisé sur un plateau magnétique peut compenser la force mécanique de rappel auquel ce dernier est soumis alors même que ce plateau est distant de l'électroaimant.The present invention also results from the observation that the force exerted by a polarized electromagnet on a magnetic plate can compensate for the mechanical return force to which the latter is subjected even though this plate is remote from the electromagnet.
A cet effet, on détermine la force exercée par l'électroaimant pour différents courants d'alimentations décroissants (courbes 2022, 2023 et 2024) ainsi que la force mécanique, exercée par des ressorts, subie par le plateau (courbe 210) en fonction de la distance ou entrefer séparant ce dernier de l'électroaimant.For this purpose, the force exerted by the electromagnet for different decreasing supply currents (curves 202 2 , 202 3 and 202 4 ) is determined, as is the mechanical force exerted by springs on the plate (curve 210). depending on the distance or gap between the latter and the electromagnet.
Il apparaît que, si l'entrefer a une valeur telle que la queue de soupape est distante de l'extrémité de la tige du plateau magnétique, la force exercée par l'électroaimant polarisé ne doit égaler que l'action mécanique exercée par le ressort de rappel solidaire du plateau, le ressort solidaire de la queue de soupape étant bloqué par la position commutée de cette dernière.It appears that, if the air gap has a value such that the valve stem is distant from the end of the magnetic platen shaft, the force exerted by the polarized electromagnet must equal only the mechanical action exerted by the spring. return integral with the plate, the spring secured to the valve stem being blocked by the switched position of the latter.
Par exemple, en alimentant l'électroaimant selon un courant correspondant à la courbe 2023, la force exercée par cet électroaimant égale la force mécanique pour un entrefer inférieur à la valeur du jeu de distribution.For example, by feeding the electromagnet according to a current corresponding to the curve 202 3 , the force exerted by this electromagnet equal the mechanical force for an air gap lower than the value of the distribution set.
Finalement, l'invention résulte de la constatation que le maintien en position commutée d'une soupape requiert une alimentation importante alors même que ce maintien n'est pas nécessaire pour opérer les étapes d'admission et/ou d'échappement des gaz vis-à-vis du cylindre.Finally, the invention results from the observation that keeping a valve in a switched position requires a large supply even though this maintenance is not necessary to carry out the steps of admission and / or exhaust of the gases to the cylinder.
C'est pourquoi, la présente invention concerne un actionneur électromécanique de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne muni d'un électroaimant polarisé exerçant une action magnétique sur un plateau magnétique soumis à une action mécanique de rappel, cet action pouvant compenser l'action mécanique et maintenir le plateau dans une position distante de l'électroaimant, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur comprend des moyens pour que les déplacements du plateau soient uniquement contrôlés par cet électroaimant et l'action mécanique de rappel de telle sorte que le plateau effectue des allers-retours à partir de la position distanteTherefore, the present invention relates to an electromechanical valve actuator for an internal combustion engine provided with a polarized electromagnet exerting a magnetic action on a magnetic plate subjected to a mechanical return action, this action being able to compensate the mechanical action and maintaining the plate in a position remote from the electromagnet, characterized in that the actuator comprises means for the displacements of the plate to be controlled solely by this electromagnet and the mechanical return action so that the plate travels -returns from the remote position
Grâce à l'invention, les contacts entre le plateau et l'électroaimant sont supprimés et le fonctionnement de l'actionneur provoque un bruit fortement réduit.Thanks to the invention, the contacts between the plate and the electromagnet are removed and the operation of the actuator causes a greatly reduced noise.
En outre, en contrôlant le déplacement du plateau à l'aide d'un unique électroaimant, la consommation électrique de l'actionneur est réduite.In addition, by controlling the displacement of the plate with a single electromagnet, the power consumption of the actuator is reduced.
Selon une réalisation, l'actionneur comprend des moyens pour que la position distance du plateau corresponde à une position ouverte de la soupape.According to one embodiment, the actuator comprises means for the distance position of the plate to correspond to a open position of the valve.
Dans une réalisation, l'actionneur comprend des moyens pour éloigner le plateau distant de l'électroaimant en annulant ou en inversant le sens du courant alimentant ce dernier.In one embodiment, the actuator comprises means for moving the remote plate away from the electromagnet by canceling or reversing the direction of the current supplying the electromagnet.
Dans une réalisation, le plateau est maintenu à une distance telle que la tige de la soupape soit distante d'une tige du plateau commandant cette soupape.In one embodiment, the tray is held at such a distance that the stem of the valve is spaced from a stem of the tray controlling this valve.
Dans une réalisation telle que l'électroaimant a une forme en E muni d'une branche centrale et de deux branches extrêmes, le plateau est de section inférieure à la section des branches extrêmes et/ou inférieure à la moitié de la section de la branche centrale.In an embodiment such that the electromagnet has an E-shape with a central branch and two extreme branches, the plateau is of section smaller than the section of the extreme branches and / or less than half of the section of the branch. Central.
Selon une réalisation, l'électroaimant étant en forme de E, un aimant est fixé, à l'extrémité d'une de ces branches, en vis-à-vis du plateau.According to one embodiment, the electromagnet being E-shaped, a magnet is fixed at the end of one of these branches, vis-à-vis the tray.
Dans une réalisation, l'action mécanique de rappel est générée par au moins un ressort.In one embodiment, the mechanical return action is generated by at least one spring.
L'invention se rapporte aussi à un moteur à combustion interne muni d'un actionneur électromécanique de soupape de moteur à combustion interne comprenant un électroaimant polarisé et un plateau magnétique mobile soumis à une action mécanique de rappel. Conformément à l'invention, l'actionneur est selon l'une des réalisations précédentes.The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine provided with an electromechanical valve actuator of an internal combustion engine comprising a polarized electromagnet and a movable magnetic plate subjected to a mechanical return action. According to the invention, the actuator is according to one of the preceding embodiments.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront avec la description de modes de réalisation de l'invention effectuée ci-dessous, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en se référant aux figures ci-jointes sur lesquelles :
- La figure 1 déjà décrite, représente un actionneur connu,
- La figure 2 est un diagramme des actions exercées sur un plateau magnétique par différents actionneurs,
- La figure 3 représente un actionneur pouvant être commandé conformément à l'invention,
- Les figures 4a à 4d sont des diagrammes relatifs à différents fonctionnements de l'actionneur représenté sur la figure 3, et
- Les figures 5a et 5b représentent deux positions d'un actionneur selon l'invention.
- FIG. 1 already described, represents a known actuator,
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of the actions exerted on a magnetic plate by different actuators,
- FIG. 3 represents an actuator that can be controlled according to the invention,
- Figures 4a to 4d are diagrams relating to different operations of the actuator shown in FIG. 3, and
- Figures 5a and 5b show two positions of an actuator according to the invention.
Dans la réalisation de l'invention montrée sur la figure 3, un actionneur 301 comprend un électroaimant 300, en forme de E, et un plateau magnétique 302 mobile au voisinage de l'électroaimant 300.In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3, an
Un circuit magnétique est formé, d'une part, par la branche centrale 304, de section Sc, et les branches d'extrémité 306, de section Sc/2, de l'électroaimant 300 et, d'autre part, par le plateau 302, de section Sp.A magnetic circuit is formed, on the one hand, by the
Toutefois, pour augmenter l'effort exercé par l'électroaimant polarisé sur le plateau, on peut concentrer le flux magnétique qu'il génère en réduisant la section de ses branches extrêmes 306 de telle sorte que la section Sc centrale de l'électroaimant soit supérieure au double de la section Sc des extrémités.However, to increase the force exerted by the polarized electromagnet on the plate, it can concentrate the magnetic flux it generates by reducing the section of its extreme branches 306 so that the central section S c of the electromagnet is greater than twice the section S c of the ends.
Une telle concentration de flux permet d'obtenir des inductions importantes dans l'entrefer avec l'utilisation d'aimants à champ rémanent faible, tels que des aimants formés de ferrite ou de matériaux composites.Such a concentration of flux makes it possible to obtain significant inductions in the gap with the use of weak residual field magnets, such as magnets formed of ferrite or composite materials.
Par ailleurs, la section Sp du plateau est égale à la section Sc/2 du circuit magnétique de façon à réduire la masse du plateau.In addition, the section S p of the plate is equal to the section S c / 2 of the magnetic circuit so as to reduce the mass of the plate.
Ainsi, des ressorts (non représentés) de faible raideur peuvent être utilisés pour contrôler un plateau de masse limitée. Dès lors, on diminue la consommation électrique requise pour déplacer le plateau.Thus, springs (not shown) of low stiffness can be used to control a limited mass plateau. Therefore, it reduces the power consumption required to move the tray.
De façon corollaire, le contrôle exercé sur le plateau par l'électroaimant au moyen du champ généré est augmenté puisque l'action mécanique opposée à cette action magnétique diminue en intensité.As a corollary, the control exerted on the plate by the electromagnet by means of the generated field is increased since the mechanical action opposed to this magnetic action decreases in intensity.
Une telle amélioration du contrôle du plateau permet, par exemple, de contrôler la vitesse d'approche du plateau vis-à-vis de l'électroaimant ou de modifier les temps de commutations du plateau.Such an improvement of the control of the plate makes it possible, for example, to control the speed of approach of the plateau vis-a-vis electromagnet or change the switching times of the board.
Finalement, l'encombrement de l'électroaimant n'est plus imposé en hauteur par la section de l'aimant.Finally, the size of the electromagnet is no longer imposed in height by the section of the magnet.
Différentes mesures relatives au fonctionnement d'un actionneur muni de deux électroaimants tels que l'électroaimant 300 et d'un plateau magnétique, tel que le plateau 302, sont représentées aux figures 4a, 4b, 4c et 4d selon que ce mode de fonctionnement est conforme à l'invention (figures 4b et 4d) ou non (figures 4a et 4c).Various measurements relating to the operation of an actuator provided with two electromagnets such as the
Un premier mode de fonctionnement, dit de commutation avec accostage, est décrit à l'aide de la figure 4a. Suivant ce mode, le plateau est situé entre deux électroaimants successivement activés afin de maintenir ce plateau à leur contact.A first mode of operation, called switching with docking, is described using Figure 4a. In this mode, the plate is located between two electromagnets successively activated in order to maintain this plate to their contact.
La position x (axe 406, en mm) du plateau est représentée sur la figure 4a en fonction de la chronologie (axe des abscisses 404, en ms) du déplacement du plateau mesuré par rapport à sa position équidistante (x=0) entre les deux électroaimants (position médiane).The position x (
On observe que le plateau commute entre une première position xb minimale et une deuxième position xh maximale correspondant, respectivement, à la position du plateau au contact de l'électroaimant bas et à la position du plateau au contact de l'électroaimant haut.It is observed that the plate switches between a first position x b minimum and a second position x h maximum respectively corresponding to the position of the plate in contact with the low electromagnet and the position of the plate in contact with the high electromagnet.
La vitesse v du plateau (axe 408) varie en accord avec ce déplacement de telle sorte que, au contact de l'électroaimant bas ou de l'électroaimant haut, cette vitesse est nulle tandis qu'elle maximale lorsque le plateau est sensiblement équidistant de ces deux électroaimants.The speed v of the plate (axis 408) varies in accordance with this displacement so that, in contact with the low electromagnet or the high electromagnet, this speed is zero while it maximizes when the plate is substantially equidistant from these two electromagnets.
Finalement, selon l'axe 410 est représentée la valeur du courant ib circulant dans la bobine de l'électroaimant bas et la valeur du courant ih circulant dans la bobine de l'électroaimant haut. On observe ainsi que, pour maintenir le plateau à son contact, chaque électroaimant est alimenté par un courant im de maintien.Finally, along the
Un deuxième mode de fonctionnement de l'actionneur est décrit à l'aide de la figure 4b. Suivant ce mode, le contrôle du plateau précédemment décrit est effectué au moyen d'activations successives des électroaimants, comme décrit au moyen de la figure 4a, mais le plateau est maintenu distant des électroaimants conformément à l'invention. Par la suite, le plateau maintenu distant par un électroaimant est dit en lévitation.A second mode of operation of the actuator is described using Figure 4b. According to this mode, the control of the previously described plateau is carried out by means of successive activations of the electromagnets, as described by means of FIG. 4a, but the plate is kept remote from the electromagnets in accordance with the invention. Subsequently, the tray held remote by an electromagnet is said to levitate.
De fait, on observe que la position x'b minimale du plateau a une valeur supérieure à la valeur xb qu'avait le plateau lorsque ce dernier venait au contact de l'électroaimant bas. En d'autres termes, l'électroaimant bas maintient le plateau commuté distant en lévitation.In fact, it is observed that the minimum position x ' b of the plate has a value greater than the value x b that the plate had when the latter came into contact with the low electromagnet. In other words, the low electromagnet keeps the remotely switched board levitated.
De façon analogue, l'électroaimant haut maintient distant le plateau à son voisinage de telle sorte que la position x'h maximale a une valeur inférieure à la valeur xh du le plateau lorsque ce dernier venait en contact contre l'électroaimant haut (figure 4a).In a similar way, the high electromagnet keeps the plate near its vicinity so that the maximum position x ' h has a value lower than the value x h of the plate when the latter comes into contact with the high electromagnet (FIG. 4a).
Dans ce deuxième mode de fonctionnement, la vitesse v du plateau (axe 408') atteint aussi une valeur extrême lorsque le plateau est sensiblement à sa position équidistante (x=0) entre les deux positions commutées tandis que l'intensité (axe 410') des courants i'b ou i'h alimentant, respectivement, l'électroaimant bas et l'électroaimant haut de l'actionneur croît lorsque le plateau se rapproche de l'électroaimant pour attirer et stabiliser ce dernier.In this second mode of operation, the speed v of the plate (axis 408 ') also reaches an extreme value when the plate is substantially at its equidistant position (x = 0) between the two switched positions while the intensity (axis 410' ) currents i'b or I''h feeding, respectively, the low electromagnet and the high electromagnet of the actuator grows as the plate approaches the electromagnet to attract and stabilize the latter.
Ce courant diminue fortement au fur et à mesure que le plateau tend vers l'électroaimant puisque le champ magnétique créé par l'aimant assure, partiellement ou totalement, le maintien du plateau en lévitation.This current decreases sharply as the plate tends towards the electromagnet since the magnetic field created by the magnet ensures, partially or totally, the holding of the plate in levitation.
Un troisième mode de fonctionnement, dit balistique avec accostage, est décrit à l'aide de la figure 4c. Suivant ce troisième mode, les déplacements du plateau situés entre deux électroaimants ne sont commandés que par l'activation d'un seul de ces électroaimants comme expliqué ci-dessous.A third mode of operation, called ballistics with docking, is described using Figure 4c. According to this third mode, the displacements of the plateau situated between two electromagnets are controlled only by the activation of only one of these electromagnets as explained below.
La position x (axe 420, en mm) du plateau varie en fonction du temps (axe des abscisses 422, en ms) à partir de sa première position xh maximale vers une deuxième position xb minimale correspondant, respectivement, à la position du plateau au contact contre l'électroaimant haut et à la position la plus proche du plateau vis-à-vis de l'électroaimant bas.The position x (
De fait, le plateau effectue un aller-retour à partir de l'électroaimant haut de telle sorte que sa vitesse v (axe 424) augmente lorsqu'il tend vers l'électroaimant bas, puis s'inverse lorsque le plateau s'éloigne de cet électroaimant bas pour revenir vers l'électroaimant haut.In fact, the plate makes a round trip from the high electromagnet so that its speed v (axis 424) increases when it tends towards the low electromagnet, then reverses when the plate moves away from this electromagnet low to return to the high electromagnet.
Un tel mode de contrôle balistique permet donc, comme montrée selon l'axe 426, de ne requérir que l'alimentation en courant ih de l'électroaimant haut pour commander le plateau.Such a ballistic control mode therefore allows, as shown along the
Selon un quatrième mode de fonctionnement, conforme à l'invention, le contrôle balistique du plateau est combiné à une lévitation de ce dernier par l'électroaimant haut.According to a fourth mode of operation, according to the invention, the ballistic control of the plate is combined with a levitation of the latter by the high electromagnet.
De fait, on observe que la position x'h (figure 4d) maximale du plateau a une valeur inférieure à la valeur xh du plateau si ce dernier venait en contact contre l'électroaimant haut (figure 4c).In fact, it is observed that the position x ' h (Figure 4d) of the maximum plateau has a value less than the value x h of the plateau if the latter came into contact against the high electromagnet (Figure 4c).
Dans ce quatrième mode de fonctionnement, la vitesse v du plateau (axe 408') atteint aussi une valeur extrême lorsque le plateau traverse sa position équidistante (x=0) entre les deux positions commutées tandis que l'intensité (axe 410') des courants i'b ou i'h alimentant, respectivement, l'électroaimant bas et l'électroaimant haut de l'actionneur croît lorsque le plateau se rapproche de l'électroaimant pour attirer et stabiliser ce dernier.In this fourth mode of operation, the speed v of the plate (axis 408 ') also reaches an extreme value when the plate passes through its equidistant position (x = 0) between the two switched positions while the intensity (axis 410') of the If the current is low, the low electromagnet and the high electromagnet of the actuator increase as the plate approaches the electromagnet to attract and stabilize the electromagnet.
Ce courant diminue fortement au fur et à mesure que le plateau tend vers l'électroaimant puisque, conformément à l'invention, le champ magnétique créé par l'aimant assure, au moins partiellement, le maintien du plateau en lévitation.This current decreases sharply as the plate tends towards the electromagnet since, in accordance with the invention, the magnetic field created by the magnet ensures, at least partially, the holding of the plate in levitation.
Les mesures représentées sur les figures 4a, 4b, 4c et 4d sont représentatives d'une pluralité de mesures effectuées vis-à-vis de chaque mode. On remarque alors que la position du plateau varie faiblement entre les divers tests. En d'autres termes, la finesse du contrôle du plateau, et donc de la soupape, est particulièrement précis dans un moteur conforme à l'invention.The measurements shown in Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are representative of a plurality of measurements made with respect to each mode. Note that the position of the plateau varies slightly between the various tests. In other words, the fineness of the control of the plate, and therefore of the valve, is particularly precise in an engine according to the invention.
Une telle finesse de contrôle peut être utilisée pour réduire les chocs entre la tige du plateau et la tige de la soupape comme expliqué à l'aide des figures 5a et 5b, qui représentent le fonctionnement d'un actionneur 500 conforme à l'invention, le plateau 502 étant maintenu distant des électroaimants 504 et 506 dans sa position commutée haute (figure 5a) ou basse (figure 5b).Such a control fineness can be used to reduce the shocks between the tray stem and the valve stem as explained with reference to FIGS. 5a and 5b, which represent the operation of an
Dans ces réalisations, le jeu 509 entre la tige 508 du plateau et la tige 510 de la soupape est maintenu à une faible valeur par l'électroaimant haut 504 qui maintien le plateau en lévitation. Ainsi, lorsque le plateau commute vers l'électroaimant bas, le contact entre la tige de soupape et la tige du plateau se produit à une vitesse plus faible que si le plateau venait au contact de l'électroaimant, ce qui réduit le bruit de ce contact.In these embodiments, the
La présente invention est susceptible de nombreuses variantes. Par exemple, il est possible de disposer un aimant sur le plateau de façon à ce que ce dernier génère un champ maintenant le plateau distant de l'électroaimant.The present invention is capable of many variants. For example, it is possible to have a magnet on the plate so that the latter generates a field maintaining the plate remote from the electromagnet.
Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de l'invention permet d'utiliser un actionneur de soupape d'admission distinct d'un actionneur de soupape d'échappement.Furthermore, the use of the invention makes it possible to use an inlet valve actuator separate from an exhaust valve actuator.
De fait, il est connu qu'une soupape d'admission requiert un actionneur de puissance moindre qu'une soupape d'échappement.In fact, it is known that an intake valve requires a lower power actuator than an exhaust valve.
Néanmoins, le fonctionnement d'un actionneur de soupape d'admission à froid, c'est-à-dire pour les premières commutations, nécessite une puissance comparable à celle requise par un actionneur de soupape d'échappement. En effet, le maintien de la soupape dans les positions commutées est plus difficile pour ces premières commutations à froid pour des problèmes de collage du plateau sur l'électroaimant.Nevertheless, the operation of a cold inlet valve actuator, that is to say for the first commutations, requires a power comparable to that required by an exhaust valve actuator. Indeed, maintaining the valve in the switched positions is more difficult for these first cold switches for problems of sticking the plate on the electromagnet.
Or, grâce à l'invention, un actionneur de soupape d'admission peut être dimensionné pour fournir une puissance de maintien standard étant donné que le maintien à froid de la soupape est assuré par la suppression de ce maintien.However, thanks to the invention, an intake valve actuator can be sized to provide a standard holding power since the cold holding of the valve is ensured by the removal of this maintenance.
En d'autres termes, les dimensions de l'actionneur d'admission peuvent être réduites, réduisant ainsi la masse et les dimensions du moteur.In other words, the dimensions of the intake actuator can be reduced, thus reducing the mass and dimensions of the engine.
Claims (7)
- Electromagnetic valve-actuator (301; 500) for an internal combustion engine, said actuator having a magnetic plate (302; 502) which is capable of being displaced between a first polarised electromagnet (300; 504) and a second polarised electromagnet (506);- the valve being closed when the plate (302; 502) is close to the first electromagnet (504) and open when the plate (302; 502) is close to the second electromagnet (506);- the first electromagnet (504; 506) exerting a magnetic action on the magnetic plate (302; 502) which is subjected to a mechanical restoring action exerted by a spring;- the said magnetic action being capable of compensating for the mechanical action and of keeping the plate (302; 502) in a position in which it is in levitation in relation to the first electromagnet, the plate (302; 502) being very close to the said first electromagnet, but without coming into contact with the latter when it is in levitation in relation to the said electromagnet;characterised in that:- the actuator comprises means for ensuring that the displacements of the plate (302; 502) are controlled solely by the first electromagnet (504) and the mechanical restoring action in such a way that the plate (302; 502) performs shuttle movements from the position in which said plate (302; 502) is in levitation in relation to the first electromagnet;- the current passing through the first electromagnet and the stiffness constant of the spring being such that the speed (v) of the plate (302; 502) increases when the said plate tends towards the second electromagnet (506) and, as soon as the plate (302; 502) is close enough to the second electromagnet (506) to open the valve, the direction of displacement of the plate (302; 502) is reversed in such a way that said plate (302; 502) moves away from the second electromagnet (506) so as to come back towards the first electromagnet (504).
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises means for moving away the plate (302; 502) which is in levitation in relation to the first electromagnet (300; 504; 506) by cancelling or reversing the direction of the current feeding the latter.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the plate (302; 502) is kept at a distance such that the rod (510) of the valve is distant from a rod (508) of the plate controlling the said valve.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, with the electromagnet (300; 504; 506) having the shape of an E provided with a central branch (304) and two end branches, the plate has a cross-section (Sp) which is smaller than the cross-section (Sc/2) of the end branches and/or smaller than half the cross-section (Sc) of the central branch.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, with the electromagnet being in the shape of an E, a magnet is fixed to the end of one of the said branches, opposite the plate.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mechanical restoring action is generated by at least one spring.
- Internal combustion engine provided with an electromechanical valve-actuator comprising a polarised electromagnet (300; 504; 506) and a movable magnetic plate (302; 502) which is subjected to a mechanical restoring action, characterised in that the actuator is in conformity with one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0301944 | 2003-02-18 | ||
FR0301944A FR2851367B1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2003-02-18 | ELECTROMECHANICAL VALVE ACTUATOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ACTUATOR |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1450013A2 EP1450013A2 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
EP1450013A3 EP1450013A3 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
EP1450013B1 true EP1450013B1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
Family
ID=32732012
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04300086A Expired - Lifetime EP1450013B1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-17 | Electromagnetic valve actuator for internal combustion engine and engine comprising such an actuator |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7146943B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1450013B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5025889B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE366865T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004007420T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2286573T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2851367B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
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US7165518B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2007-01-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Adjusting valve lash for an engine with electrically actuated valves |
US7204210B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2007-04-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Reducing power consumption and noise of electrically actuated valves |
US7458345B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2008-12-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Adjusting ballistic valve timing |
US7640899B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2010-01-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Adjusting electrically actuated valve lift |
DE102010045504A1 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling a ballistic movement of a blocking body of a valve |
US8807463B1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-08-19 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Fuel injector with kinetic energy transfer armature |
DE102014114847A1 (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-04-14 | Hilite Germany Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator for a camshaft adjuster |
DE102015111561B4 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2024-09-26 | Rapa Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg | ELECTROMAGNETICALLY OPERATED SWITCHING VALVE |
CN109630741A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-16 | 珠海市广源信科技有限公司 | A kind of muffler used for electromagnetic valve |
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DE3513103A1 (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-10-16 | Fleck, Andreas, 2000 Hamburg | ELECTROMAGNETIC WORKING ACTUATOR |
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JPH05214911A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-24 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Solenoid valve |
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DE19651846B4 (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2005-02-17 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Method for the electromagnetic actuation of a gas exchange valve without pole surface contact |
JPH10205314A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-08-04 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | Method for controlling solenoid valve driving part of gas exchange valve |
JPH11101110A (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Derive device for solenoid valve |
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-
2003
- 2003-02-18 FR FR0301944A patent/FR2851367B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-02-17 AT AT04300086T patent/ATE366865T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-17 JP JP2004040035A patent/JP5025889B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-17 ES ES04300086T patent/ES2286573T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-17 EP EP04300086A patent/EP1450013B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-17 US US10/780,153 patent/US7146943B2/en active Active
- 2004-02-17 DE DE602004007420T patent/DE602004007420T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2851367B1 (en) | 2008-02-29 |
DE602004007420D1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
US7146943B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 |
ES2286573T3 (en) | 2007-12-01 |
DE602004007420T2 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
ATE366865T1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1450013A2 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
US20040206319A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
JP2005201231A (en) | 2005-07-28 |
EP1450013A3 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
FR2851367A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 |
JP5025889B2 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
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