EP1448935B1 - Suction device and method for extracting gases, in particular for smoke removal in case of fire - Google Patents

Suction device and method for extracting gases, in particular for smoke removal in case of fire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1448935B1
EP1448935B1 EP02803806A EP02803806A EP1448935B1 EP 1448935 B1 EP1448935 B1 EP 1448935B1 EP 02803806 A EP02803806 A EP 02803806A EP 02803806 A EP02803806 A EP 02803806A EP 1448935 B1 EP1448935 B1 EP 1448935B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
building
air
building part
extraction
curtaining
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EP02803806A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1448935A1 (en
Inventor
Frank Lehnhäuser
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Kessler and Luch Entwicklungs- und
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ThyssenKrupp HiServ GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00Ventilation
    • F24F7/04Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F9/00Use of air currents for screening, e.g. air curtains

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building with a suction device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the suction device for the extraction of gases, especially for smoke extraction in case of fire, known for use in a building.
  • the suction device has at least one suction device, wherein at least one air curtain device is provided, with which an air curtain is generated, which is sucked off for shielding the building part in the, from another part of the building, and in particular to prevent smoking in the other part of the building serves.
  • Suction devices and related extraction for smoke extraction are already known in practice.
  • the smoke extraction is automatically initiated in case of fire, as soon as a fire is detected via appropriate smoke detectors.
  • smoke detectors As a rule, it is the case that certain measures are attempted to prevent the passage of smoke from the area of the building which has been seized by the fire into adjacent areas.
  • smoke aprons or fire doors are provided to make the separation of the individual areas.
  • building not only houses or similar real estate understood, but buildings in total, including tunnels, especially mountain tunnels fall.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a building of the type mentioned, wherein it should be possible in a simple case, in case of fire, a smoke from a part of the fire taken by the building in a lying on another level height adjacent building part or of a building section to avoid in a next building section lying on another height level.
  • a building having the features of claim 1.
  • Essential to the invention is therefore just the combination of extraction in conjunction with the simultaneous air curtain formation.
  • the extraction is mandatory for the system, since an air curtain alone is not an ever-increasing amount of flue gas in a fire could hold.
  • the simultaneous extraction the amount of flue gas that reaches the air curtain at all, kept low, so that a shield is possible.
  • the air curtain ensures the equalization of pressure differences. Without the air curtain would occur at lying at different heights building parts or sections flow between these two areas, which in turn would make it difficult to detect the flue gases by suction alone or even impossible.
  • the air curtain has the significant advantage that he no objective, d. H. structural shielding, so it is readily possible for people to pass through the air curtain. The same applies of course to the passenger vehicles in the building, which are not affected by the air curtain.
  • two parts of the building which are located at a different height level, connected to each other via another, designed as a passage or inclined shaft part of the building or the building is a (oblique) tunnel itself.
  • the other part of the building can be an escalator , a roller conveyor or even just a (stairs) entrance.
  • the invention provides that at least in the area of the transition of the lower part of the building to the other part of the building or at the lower end of the tunnel, a suction device is provided, while in the area of the transition of the other part of the building to the upper part of the building or at the upper end of the tunnel provided an air curtain device is.
  • a corresponding control device In order to activate or control both the suction device and the air curtain device directly in case of fire, a corresponding control device is provided.
  • the control device which can also take over a control function during operation of the suction device, serves for the simultaneous or successive activation of the suction device and the air curtain device. It is thus possible, via the control device in the event of a fire, to suck off certain air or volumetric flows preset for the particular application via the suction device or to supply it to the air curtain device. Basically, it is so that both devices, the same volume flow is supplied. But it is also possible that in the aforementioned air flows the control device controlling or regulating engages in dependence of the pressure difference between the suction device and the air curtain device.
  • the suction device should preferably have a line-shaped detection element which is designed such that over the entire cross section of the building part, in which the detection element of the suction device is arranged, is sucked.
  • the suction is preferably realized via a vortex hood, as with it in a simple and effective way linear suction can be realized while impulsive flows, as they occur especially at stations, can be well absorbed in the resulting vortex structure.
  • the vortex hood should be arranged approximately transversely to the longitudinal axis of the relevant building part and preferably in the area of the ceiling, since the flue gases arising in the event of fire due to the thermal rise to the ceiling.
  • the design of the detection element is determined inter alia by the spatial conditions in the relevant part of the building.
  • the air curtain device should also be arranged in the relevant building part.
  • the air curtain device should therefore preferably be arranged in the region of the ceiling of the relevant building part transversely to the longitudinal axis of this building part. A Arrangement on one or on both side walls or on the ground is possible in principle.
  • the respective number of facilities depends, inter alia, on the size or length of the relevant building part in which the suction device is to be effective, as well as on the required intake or discharge capacity. It is advantageous in any case to arrange the individual devices alternately along the longitudinal axis of the building part. For long, possibly oblique mountain tunnels, it may be advisable to provide a suction device and an air curtain device alternately at a distance of between 30 m and 200 m. The above intervals are the outer limits. In between, every distance is possible, ie 30 m, 32 m ... 198 m and 199 m possible.
  • a building 1 or building with a suction device for the extraction of flue gases and thus for smoke extraction in case of fire is shown.
  • the term "building” does not only mean the above-ground building area, but also that subterranean building areas connected to the above-ground building area as well as mountain tunnels fall under the term "building".
  • the suction device has a suction device 6, which in the present case is arranged at the transition of the subway region 3 to the inclined shaft 4.
  • an air curtain device 7 is provided, with which an air curtain is generated, which is indicated by the arrow L.
  • the air curtain L is used in case of fire to shield the station building 2 and in particular to prevent smoking in this area.
  • an effective shielding can be ensured precisely by the combination of the suction device 6 and the air curtain device 7 or a smoke transfer can be prevented in a simple manner.
  • a multiple of the respective individual volume flows via a corresponding suction device or a corresponding air curtain device would then be necessary in comparison with the combination of the two devices.
  • control device 8 activates the suction device 6 and the air curtain device 7 in case of fire. It is understood that the control device 8 are assigned in detail not shown fire detector or responsive sensors.
  • the control device 8 can basically fulfill a pure control function, namely activation of the suction device 6 and the air curtain device 7 in case of fire with a predetermined air stream to be suctioned through the suction device 6 and a predetermined volume flow supplied through the air curtain device 7.
  • the subway area 3 is shown in perspective, in which a detection element 9 of the suction device 6 is located.
  • the suction device 6 corresponding suction means such as fans, lines and the like.
  • the detection element 9 is linear and arranged approximately transversely to the longitudinal axis A of the subway area 3.
  • the detection element 9 can only be arranged on the ceiling 10, on one or both side walls 11, 12 or else on the bottom 13 of the area 3.
  • the detection element 9 has a frame-like shape and extends over the entire circumference of the area 3. Basically, a portal-like training - without placement of a detection element on the bottom 13 - possible. It is important that an attempt is made to detect the entire cross-section of area 3 via the extraction system.
  • the detection element 9 of the suction device 6 is a vortex hood, in which a vortex sink is produced during operation.
  • the angle sink is known to be based on the principle of hurricanes occurring in nature and arises from the superimposition of two singularities, the sink flow and the potential vortex.
  • the vortex sink can be generated technically by two opposite suction openings. The flow stimulates the circulation, which grows very quickly to a pronounced swirling mountains, whereby the two opposing negative pressure fields combine to form a linear vortex sink. In the center, a vortex filament forms, within which axial transverse flows are established.
  • the core of the vortex rotates like a solid body and has in its longitudinal direction a uniform pressure distribution, which causes a uniform inflow over the entire vortex length.
  • the main advantage of this flow form is due to the 50-100 times greater flow velocities than normal flow sinks, which make it particularly well possible to detect impulse-laden material flows, such as thermal flue gas streams.
  • the air curtain device 7 has a housing 14 with a blow-out head 15 and a blower 16.
  • the exhaust head 15 are an or several nozzles for generating the air curtain L provided.
  • the exhaust head 15 of the air curtain device 7 is arranged approximately transversely to the longitudinal axis of the inclined shaft 4 in the region of the transition from the inclined shaft 4 to the station building 2.
  • the exhaust head 15 of the air curtain device 7 is designed so that a flat, low-turbulence air jet forms as possible, which is blown from the ceiling approximately vertically downwards. Due to the illustrated structural conditions, it would also be possible in principle to arrange the air curtain device 7 from one of the side surfaces in the region of the inclined shaft 4 and to blow out air for the air curtain L.
  • a fire 17 is shown in the subway area 3.
  • the resulting smoke spreads due to its high temperature under the ceiling 10, with a spread is also expected to the adjacent tunnel area, not shown.
  • the suction device 6 on the one hand and the air curtain L produced via the air curtain device 7, the reaching to the escalator 5 partial flows of the smoke are detected and their penetration into the inclined shaft 4 by a thermally induced compensation flow therefore avoided, since the air curtain L for the compensation of - already due to the different height levels of the individual areas - existing pressure differences.
  • At least one fire detection sensor is provided in the area of the air curtain device, which cooperates in detecting a fire in this area with the control device such that the air curtain device is not put into operation in this case to supply the source of fire no further oxygen and the Spread the fire thereby favoring. It is understood that this Embodiment can be implemented in principle in all described embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a suction device and a method for extracting gases, in particular for removing smoke from a building (1) in case of fire, by means of at least one suction system (6). Said invention also relates to a building (1) provided with a suction device of the aforementioned type. The aim of said invention is to provide a smoke removal system in case of fire for all possible applications, whereby in case of fire a smoke transfer from the building part, which is affected by the fire, to an adjacent building part is avoided. Said aim is achieved, whereby at least one air curtain device (7) is provided, by means of which an air curtain is produced to create a shield between the building part, from which the smoke is removed, and another building part and, in particular, to prevent the smoke transfer to the other building part.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gebäude mit einer eine Absaugvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a building with a suction device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der JP-A-01 146566 ist eine Absaugvorrichtung zur Absaugung von Gasen, insbesondere zur Entrauchung im Brandfall, zum Einsatz in einem Gebäude bekannt. Die Absaugvorrichtung weist wenigstens eine Absaugeinrichtung auf, wobei wenigstens eine Luftschleiereinrichtung vorgesehen ist, mit der ein Luftschleier erzeugt wird, der zur Abschirmung des Gebäudeteils in dem abgesaugt wird, von einem anderen Gebäudeteil, und insbesondere zur Verhinderung des Rauchübertritts in den anderen Gebäudeteil, dient.From the JP-A-01 146566 is a suction device for the extraction of gases, especially for smoke extraction in case of fire, known for use in a building. The suction device has at least one suction device, wherein at least one air curtain device is provided, with which an air curtain is generated, which is sucked off for shielding the building part in the, from another part of the building, and in particular to prevent smoking in the other part of the building serves.

Absaugvorrichtungen und diesbezügliche Absaugverfahren zur Entrauchung sind bereits aus der Praxis bekannt. Bei den bekannten Absaugvorrichtungen ist es so, daß im Brandfall die Entrauchung automatisch eingeleitet wird, sobald über entsprechende Rauchmelder ein Brandfall erkannt wird. In der Regel ist es dabei so, daß über bestimmte Maßnahmen versucht wird, den Rauchübertritt von dem vom Brand ergriffenen Bereich des Gebäudes in benachbarte Bereiche zu vermeiden. Hierzu sind üblicherweise Rauchschürzen oder Brandschutztüren vorgesehen, um die Abtrennung der einzelnen Bereiche vorzunehmen.Suction devices and related extraction for smoke extraction are already known in practice. In the known suction devices, it is so that the smoke extraction is automatically initiated in case of fire, as soon as a fire is detected via appropriate smoke detectors. As a rule, it is the case that certain measures are attempted to prevent the passage of smoke from the area of the building which has been seized by the fire into adjacent areas. For this purpose, usually smoke aprons or fire doors are provided to make the separation of the individual areas.

Besondere Probleme ergeben sich beim Stand der Technik dann, wenn es nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist, im Brandfall einen Rauchübertritt von dem einen Bereich in den benachbarten Bereich durch bauliche Maßnahmen der vorgenannten Art zu verhindern. Dies ist beispielsweise bei Gebäuden der Fall, bei denen die einzelnen Gebäudebereiche auf einem unterschiedlichen Höhenniveau liegen und die Verbindung dieser Gebäudeteile über Rolltreppen, Fahrgassen, Flure oder dergleichen erfolgt, die nicht ohne weiteres über Türen, Rauchschürzen oder ähnliches versperrt werden können.Particular problems arise in the prior art then, if it is not readily possible to prevent smoke in the event of fire from the one area in the adjacent area by structural measures of the aforementioned type. This is the case, for example, in buildings in which the individual building areas are at a different height level and the connection of these building parts on escalators, driveways, corridors or the like, which can not be easily obstructed by doors, smoke curtains or the like.

Vorliegend werden unter dem Ausdruck "Gebäude" nicht nur Häuser oder dergleichen Immobilien verstanden, sondern Bauwerke insgesamt, worunter auch Tunnel, insbesondere Gebirgstunnel fallen.In the present case, the term "building" not only houses or similar real estate understood, but buildings in total, including tunnels, especially mountain tunnels fall.

Darüber hinaus tritt bei bestimmten Gebäuden, insbesondere bei Bahnhöfen, das zusätzliche Problem auf, daß sich bereits im normalen Betrieb Druckdifferenzen aufgrund von Windeinflüssen, lufttechnischen Überdruckanlagen oder etwa durch ein- oder ausfahrende Fahrzeuge (Züge, U-Bahn) ergeben. Diese Druckdifferenzen können durch thermische Einflüsse im Brandfall deutlich vergrößert werden. Liegen die betreffenden Bereiche darüber hinaus auf einem unterschiedlichen Höhenniveau (beispielsweise bei einem Bahnhof die Bahnhofshalle einerseits und der U-Bahnhof andererseits bzw. bei einem Tunnel der untere Tunnelbereich und der obere Tunnelbereich), wird im Brandfall aufgrund der hohen Temperatur der Rauchgase ein thermischer Auftrieb wirksam, der die Druckdifferenz zwischen den beiden Bereichen um ein Vielfaches vergrößert. Ohne ergänzende Maßnahmen, wie etwa einer baulichen Abgrenzung durch konventionelle Schleusen über Brandschutztüren oder Rauchschürzen, stellen sich dann sehr schnell Strömungen ein, die zu einem unkontrollierten Transport giftiger Rauchgase in den benachbarten Bereich führen. Aufgrund der vorgenannten Probleme sind gerade Bereiche, bei denen eine bauliche Trennung der einzelnen Gebäudeteile aufgrund vorhandener Rolltreppen, Rollbänder, Tunnelbahnen, Züge und dergleichen nicht ohne weiteres möglich sind, in brandschutztechnischer Hinsicht nicht hinreichend gesichert.In addition, occurs in certain buildings, especially at stations, the additional problem that arise during normal operation pressure differences due to wind influences, air-technical overpressure systems or about by incoming or outgoing vehicles (trains, subway). These pressure differences can be significantly increased by thermal influences in case of fire. In addition, if the areas in question are at a different height level (for example at a station, the station hall on the one hand and the subway station on the other or at a tunnel, the lower tunnel area and the upper tunnel area), in the event of fire due to the high temperature of the flue gases is a thermal boost effective, which increases the pressure difference between the two areas by a multiple. Without additional measures, such as a structural demarcation by conventional locks on fire doors or smoke curtains, then quickly establish currents that lead to an uncontrolled transport of toxic fumes in the adjacent area. Due to the aforementioned problems are just areas where a structural separation of the individual parts of the building due to existing escalators, conveyor belts, tunnels, trains and the like are not readily possible, not adequately secured in terms of fire protection.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Gebäude der eingangs genannten Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, wobei es in einfacher Weise möglich sein soll, im Brandfall einen Rauchübertritt von einem vom Brand ergriffenen Gebäudeteil in einen auf einem anderen Höhenniveau liegenden benachbarten Gebäudeteil oder von einem Gebäudeabschnitt in einen auf einem anderen Höhenniveau liegenden nächsten Gebäudeabschnitt zu vermeiden.Object of the present invention is to provide a building of the type mentioned, wherein it should be possible in a simple case, in case of fire, a smoke from a part of the fire taken by the building in a lying on another level height adjacent building part or of a building section to avoid in a next building section lying on another height level.

Die vorgenannte Aufgabe wird durch ein Gebäude mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Während des Absaugens des Gases an einer Stelle des Gebäudes wird an einer anderen Stelle des Gebäudes wenigstens ein Luftschleier erzeugt, um den Gebäudeteil, in dem abgesaugt, von einem anderen Gebäudeteil mittels des Luftschleiers abzuschirmen, und insbesondere um einen Rauchübertritt in den abgeschirmten Gebäudeteil zu verhindern. Erfindungswesentlich ist also gerade die Kombination der Absaugung in Verbindung mit der gleichzeitigen Luftschleierbildung. Die Absaugung ist für das System zwingend, da ein Luftschleier allein eine immer größer werdende Menge an Rauchgas in einem Brandfall nicht halten könnte. Durch die gleichzeitige Absaugung wird die Rauchgasmenge, die überhaupt bis an den Luftschleier gelangt, gering gehalten, so daß eine Abschirmung möglich ist. Gleichzeitig sorgt der Luftschleier für den Ausgleich der Druckdifferenzen. Ohne den Luftschleier würde bei auf unterschiedlichem Höhenniveau liegenden Gebäudeteilen oder -abschnitten eine Strömung zwischen diesen beiden Bereichen auftreten, die wiederum eine Erfassung der Rauchgase durch eine Absaugung allein erschweren oder sogar unmöglich machen würde.The above object is achieved by a building having the features of claim 1. During the extraction of the gas at one point of the building at least one air curtain is generated at another point of the building to shield the building part in which sucked from another part of the building by means of the air curtain, and in particular to prevent smoke in the shielded building part , Essential to the invention is therefore just the combination of extraction in conjunction with the simultaneous air curtain formation. The extraction is mandatory for the system, since an air curtain alone is not an ever-increasing amount of flue gas in a fire could hold. By the simultaneous extraction, the amount of flue gas that reaches the air curtain at all, kept low, so that a shield is possible. At the same time, the air curtain ensures the equalization of pressure differences. Without the air curtain would occur at lying at different heights building parts or sections flow between these two areas, which in turn would make it difficult to detect the flue gases by suction alone or even impossible.

Im übrigen bietet der Luftschleier den wesentlichen Vorteil, daß er keine gegenständliche, d. h. bauliche Abschirmung darstellt, es Personen also ohne weiteres möglich ist, durch den Luftschleier hindurch zu treten. Gleiches gilt natürlich auch für die im Gebäude befindlichen Personenbeförderungsmittel, die durch den Luftschleier nicht beeinträchtigt sind.Moreover, the air curtain has the significant advantage that he no objective, d. H. structural shielding, so it is readily possible for people to pass through the air curtain. The same applies of course to the passenger vehicles in the building, which are not affected by the air curtain.

Bei der Erfindung sind zwei Gebäudeteile, die sich auf einem unterschiedlichen Höhenniveau befinden, über einen weiteren, als Gang oder Schrägschacht ausgebildeten Gebäudeteil miteinander verbunden oder aber das Gebäude stellt einen (Schräg-) Tunnel an sich dar. In dem weiteren Gebäudeteil kann sich eine Rolltreppe, ein Rollband oder auch nur ein (Treppen)-Aufgang befinden. Hierbei ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß zumindest im Bereich des Übergangs des unteren Gebäudeteils zum weiteren Gebäudeteil oder aber am unteren Ende des Tunnels eine Absaugeinrichtung vorgesehen ist, während im Bereich des Übergangs des weiteren Gebäudeteils zum oberen Gebäudeteil oder aber am oberen Ende des Tunnels eine Luftschleiereinrichtung vorgesehen ist.In the invention, two parts of the building, which are located at a different height level, connected to each other via another, designed as a passage or inclined shaft part of the building or the building is a (oblique) tunnel itself. In the other part of the building can be an escalator , a roller conveyor or even just a (stairs) entrance. In this case, the invention provides that at least in the area of the transition of the lower part of the building to the other part of the building or at the lower end of the tunnel, a suction device is provided, while in the area of the transition of the other part of the building to the upper part of the building or at the upper end of the tunnel provided an air curtain device is.

Um sowohl die Absaugvorrichtung als auch die Luftschleiereinrichtung im Brandfalle direkt aktivieren bzw. ansteuern zu können, ist eine entsprechende Steuereinrichtung vorgesehen. Die Steuereinrichtung, die auch eine Regelfunktion während des Betriebes der Absaugvorrichtung übernehmen kann, dient zur gleichzeitigen oder aufeinanderfolgenden Ansteuerung der Absaugeinrichtung und der Luftschleiereinrichtung. So ist es möglich, über die Steuereinrichtung im Brandfall bestimmte, für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall voreingestellte Luft- bzw. Volumenströme über die Absaugeinrichtung abzusaugen bzw. der Luftschleiereinrichtung zuzuführen. Grundsätzlich ist es dabei so, daß beiden Einrichtungen der gleiche Volumenstrom zugeführt wird. Es ist aber auch möglich, daß bei den vorgenannten Luftströmen die Steuereinrichtung steuernd oder regelnd eingreift und zwar in Abhängigkeit der Druckdifferenz zwischen der Absaugeinrichtung und der Luftschleiereinrichtung. Die Auslegung der Luftströme sollte derart sein, daß sich eine maximale statische Druckdifferenz von Δpstat= ±25Pa ergibt, wobei es selbstverständlich am günstigsten ist, wenn zwischen den beiden Einrichtungen während des Betriebes keine Druckdifferenz besteht. Dabei versteht es sich im übrigen, daß der Steuereinrichtung entsprechende Sensoren zugeordnet sind, um die Druckdifferenz zwischen den vorgenannten Einrichtungen messen zu können. Es versteht sich, daß selbstverständlich auch entsprechende Sensoren vorgesehen sein können, aus denen die vorgenannten Werte ableitbar sind.In order to activate or control both the suction device and the air curtain device directly in case of fire, a corresponding control device is provided. The control device, which can also take over a control function during operation of the suction device, serves for the simultaneous or successive activation of the suction device and the air curtain device. It is thus possible, via the control device in the event of a fire, to suck off certain air or volumetric flows preset for the particular application via the suction device or to supply it to the air curtain device. Basically, it is so that both devices, the same volume flow is supplied. But it is also possible that in the aforementioned air flows the control device controlling or regulating engages in dependence of the pressure difference between the suction device and the air curtain device. The design of the air streams should be such as to give a maximum static pressure differential of Δp stat = ± 25 Pa, it being understood that it is most convenient if there is no pressure difference between the two devices during operation. It is understood, moreover, that the control device corresponding sensors are assigned to measure the pressure difference between the aforementioned devices can. It is understood that, of course, corresponding sensors can be provided, from which the aforementioned values can be derived.

Bei Versuchen ist festgestellt worden, daß die Absaugeinrichtung bevorzugt ein linienförmiges Erfassungselement aufweisen sollte, das derart ausgebildet ist, daß über den gesamten Querschnitt des Gebäudeteils, in dem das Erfassungselement der Absaugeinrichtung angeordnet ist, abgesaugt wird. Die Absaugung wird vorzugsweise über eine Wirbelhaube realisiert, da mit ihr auf einfache und wirkungsvolle Weise linienförmige Absaugungen realisierbar sind und gleichzeitig impulsbehaftete Strömungen, wie sie gerade bei Bahnhöfen auftreten, gut in dem entstehenden Wirbelgebilde aufgenommen werden können.In experiments it has been found that the suction device should preferably have a line-shaped detection element which is designed such that over the entire cross section of the building part, in which the detection element of the suction device is arranged, is sucked. The suction is preferably realized via a vortex hood, as with it in a simple and effective way linear suction can be realized while impulsive flows, as they occur especially at stations, can be well absorbed in the resulting vortex structure.

Günstigerweise sollte die Wirbelhaube etwa quer zur Längsachse des betreffenden Gebäudeteils angeordnet sein und zwar vorzugsweise im Bereich der Decke, da die im Brandfall entstehenden Rauchgase aufgrund der Thermik an die Decke steigen. Günstig ist aber auch die Erstreckung der Wirbelhaube oder weiterer Wirbelhauben im Bereich einer oder beider Seitenwände und ggf. auch im Bereich des Bodens des betreffenden Gebäudeteils, so daß in jedem Falle sichergestellt werden kann, daß der gesamte Querschnitt des betreffenden Gebäudeteils von der Absaugung erfaßt wird. Die Ausbildung des Erfassungselements wird dabei unter anderem von den räumlichen Gegebenheiten in dem betreffenden Gebäudeteil bestimmt.Conveniently, the vortex hood should be arranged approximately transversely to the longitudinal axis of the relevant building part and preferably in the area of the ceiling, since the flue gases arising in the event of fire due to the thermal rise to the ceiling. Conveniently, however, is the extension of the vortex hood or other vortex hoods in the region of one or both side walls and possibly also in the region of the bottom of the relevant building part, so that it can be ensured in any case that the entire cross-section of the relevant building part is detected by the suction , The design of the detection element is determined inter alia by the spatial conditions in the relevant part of the building.

In gleicher Weise wie die Wirbelhaube angeordnet ist, sollte auch die Luftschleiereinrichtung in dem betreffenden Gebäudeteil angeordnet sein. Die Luftschleiereinrichtung sollte also bevorzugt im Bereich der Decke des betreffenden Gebäudeteils quer zur Längsachse dieses Gebäudeteils angeordnet sein. Eine Anordnung an einer oder auch an beiden Seitenwänden oder aber auch am Boden ist grundsätzlich möglich.In the same way as the vortex hood is arranged, the air curtain device should also be arranged in the relevant building part. The air curtain device should therefore preferably be arranged in the region of the ceiling of the relevant building part transversely to the longitudinal axis of this building part. A Arrangement on one or on both side walls or on the ground is possible in principle.

Im übrigen versteht es sich natürlich, daß es ohne weiteres möglich ist, eine Mehrzahl von Absaugeinrichtungen und/oder auch eine Mehrzahl von Luftschleiereinrichtungen vorzusehen. Die jeweilige Anzahl an Einrichtungen richtet sich unter anderem nach der Größe oder Länge des betreffenden Gebäudeteils, in dem die Absaugeinrichtung wirksam sein soll, sowie von der erforderlichen Ansaug- bzw. Ausblasleistung. Günstig ist es in jedem Falle, die einzelnen Einrichtungen alternierend entlang der Längsachse des Gebäudeteils anzuordnen. Bei langen ggf. schräglaufenden Gebirgstunneln kann es sich anbieten, alternierend im Abstand zwischen 30 m und 200 m eine Absaugeinrichtung und eine Luftschleiereinrichtung vorzusehen. Bei den vorgenannten Abständen handelt es sich um die äußeren Grenzwerte. Dazwischen ist jeder Abstand möglich, also 30 m, 32 m ... 198 m und 199 m möglich.Incidentally, it goes without saying that it is readily possible to provide a plurality of suction devices and / or a plurality of air curtain devices. The respective number of facilities depends, inter alia, on the size or length of the relevant building part in which the suction device is to be effective, as well as on the required intake or discharge capacity. It is advantageous in any case to arrange the individual devices alternately along the longitudinal axis of the building part. For long, possibly oblique mountain tunnels, it may be advisable to provide a suction device and an air curtain device alternately at a distance of between 30 m and 200 m. The above intervals are the outer limits. In between, every distance is possible, ie 30 m, 32 m ... 198 m and 199 m possible.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes mit einer Absaugvorrichtung und
Fig. 2
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Wirbelhaube der erfindungsgemäßen Absaugvorrichtung.
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing. Showing:
Fig. 1
a schematic view of a building according to the invention with a suction device and
Fig. 2
a perspective view of a vortex hood of the suction device according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Gebäude 1 oder Bauwerk mit einer Absaugvorrichtung zum Absaugen von Rauchgasen und damit zur Entrauchung im Brandfall dargestellt. Es darf darauf hingewiesen werden, daß unter dem Ausdruck "Gebäude" nicht nur der überirdisch liegende Gebäudebereich verstanden wird, sondern daß auch unterirdische Gebäudebereiche, die an den überirdischen Gebäudebereich angeschlossen sind, sowie auch Gebirgstunnel unter den Ausdruck "Gebäude" fallen. Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Gebäude 1 handelt es sich um einen Bahnhof mit einem überirdischen Bahnhofsgebäude 2, einem unterirdischen U-Bahnbereich 3, wobei die Bereiche 2 und 3 über einen Schrägschacht 4 miteinander verbunden sind, in dem sich eine Rolltreppe 5 befindet. Es versteht sich, daß statt der Rolltreppe auch ein Laufband oder aber auch Stufen im Schrägschacht 4 vorgesehen sein können. Die Absaugvorrichtung weist vorliegend eine Absaugeinrichtung 6 auf, die vorliegend am Übergang des U-Bahnbereichs 3 zum Schrägschacht 4 angeordnet ist.In Fig. 1, a building 1 or building with a suction device for the extraction of flue gases and thus for smoke extraction in case of fire is shown. It may be pointed out that the term "building" does not only mean the above-ground building area, but also that subterranean building areas connected to the above-ground building area as well as mountain tunnels fall under the term "building". In the building 1 shown in Fig. 1 is a station with an above-ground station building 2, an underground subway area 3, wherein the areas 2 and 3 are connected to each other via a sloping shaft 4, in which an escalator 5 is located. It is understood that instead of the escalator and a treadmill or even steps provided in the inclined shaft 4 could be. In the present case, the suction device has a suction device 6, which in the present case is arranged at the transition of the subway region 3 to the inclined shaft 4.

Da aufgrund der Rolltreppe 5 eine bauliche Abtrennung des Bahnhofsgebäudes 2 vom U-Bahnbereich 3 nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist, ist eine Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 vorgesehen, mit der ein Luftschleier erzeugt wird, der durch den Pfeil L angezeigt wird. Der Luftschleier L dient im Brandfall zur Abschirmung des Bahnhofsgebäudes 2 und insbesondere zur Verhinderung des Rauchübertritts in diesen Bereich.Since due to the escalator 5, a structural separation of the station building 2 from the subway area 3 is not readily possible, an air curtain device 7 is provided, with which an air curtain is generated, which is indicated by the arrow L. The air curtain L is used in case of fire to shield the station building 2 and in particular to prevent smoking in this area.

Wie eingangs bereits ausgeführt worden ist, kann gerade durch die Kombination der Absaugeinrichtung 6 und der Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 eine wirksame Abschirmung gewährleistet bzw. ein Rauchübertritt in einfacher Weise verhindert werden. Zwar läßt sich auch durch jede einzelne Systemkomponente allein grundsätzliche eine Abschirmung aufbauen, wobei dann allerdings gegenüber der Kombination beider Einrichtungen ein Vielfaches der jeweils einzelnen Volumenströme über eine entsprechende Absaugeinrichtung oder eine entsprechende Luftschleiereinrichtung notwendig würde.As has already been stated, an effective shielding can be ensured precisely by the combination of the suction device 6 and the air curtain device 7 or a smoke transfer can be prevented in a simple manner. Although it is also possible to build up a shield in principle by each individual system component, a multiple of the respective individual volume flows via a corresponding suction device or a corresponding air curtain device would then be necessary in comparison with the combination of the two devices.

Zur gemeinsamen Ansteuerung der Absaugeinrichtung 6 und der Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 sind diese jeweils mit einer Steuereinrichtung 8 gekoppelt. Die Steuereinrichtung 8 aktiviert die Absaugeinrichtung 6 und die Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 im Brandfalle. Es versteht sich, daß der Steuereinrichtung 8 im einzelnen nicht dargestellte Brandmelder bzw. ansprechende Sensoren zugeordnet sind. Die Steuereinrichtung 8 kann dabei grundsätzlich eine reine Steuerfunktion erfüllen, nämlich Aktivierung der Absaugeinrichtung 6 und der Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 im Brandfall mit einem vorgegebenen abzusaugenden Luftstrom über die Absaugeinrichtung 6 bzw. einem vorgegebenen zuzuführenden Volumenstrom über die Luftschleiereinrichtung 7. Statt der reinen Steuerfunktion kann aber auch eine Regelfunktion vorgesehen sein, wobei ausgehend von einem bestimmten vorgegebenen Volumenstrom die Regelung der jeweiligen Volumenströme über die Absaugeinrichtung 6 und die Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 derart erfolgt, daß sich eine maximale Druckdifferenz von Δpstat=±25Pa ergibt. Bevorzugt ist es natürlich, wenn überhaupt keine Druckdifferenz auftritt. Im übrigen versteht es sich, daß jeder beliebige Wert zwischen -25 Pa und +25 Pa ebenfalls geeignet ist, ohne daß es einer Aufzählung der Einzelwerte bedarf.For the common control of the suction device 6 and the air curtain device 7, these are each coupled to a control device 8. The control device 8 activates the suction device 6 and the air curtain device 7 in case of fire. It is understood that the control device 8 are assigned in detail not shown fire detector or responsive sensors. The control device 8 can basically fulfill a pure control function, namely activation of the suction device 6 and the air curtain device 7 in case of fire with a predetermined air stream to be suctioned through the suction device 6 and a predetermined volume flow supplied through the air curtain device 7. Instead of the pure control function but can also Regulating function be provided, starting from a certain predetermined volume flow, the control of the respective volume flows via the suction device 6 and the air curtain device 7 such that there is a maximum pressure difference of Δp stat = ± 25Pa. It is of course preferable if no pressure difference occurs at all. Otherwise, it goes without saying that any value between -25 Pa and +25 Pa is also suitable, without the need of an enumeration of the individual values.

In Fig. 2 ist perspektivisch der U-Bahnbereich 3 dargestellt, in dem sich ein Erfassungselement 9 der Absaugeinrichtung 6 befindet. Im übrigen versteht es sich, daß die Absaugeinrichtung 6 entsprechende Absaugmittel wie Ventilatoren, Leitungen und dgl. zur Absaugung über das Erfassungselement 9 aufweist. Das Erfassungselement 9 ist linienförmig ausgebildet und etwa quer zur Längsachse A des U-Bahnbereichs 3 angeordnet. Das Erfassungselement 9 kann lediglich an der Decke 10, an einer oder beiden Seitenwandungen 11, 12 oder aber am Boden 13 des Bereichs 3 angeordnet sein. Vorliegend hat das Erfassungselement 9 eine rahmenartige Form und erstreckt sich über den gesamten Umfang des Bereichs 3. Grundsätzlich ist auch eine portalartige Ausbildung - ohne Anordnung eines Erfassungselements am Boden 13 - möglich. Wichtig ist, daß versucht wird, den gesamten Querschnitt des Bereichs 3 über die Absaugung zu erfassen.In Fig. 2, the subway area 3 is shown in perspective, in which a detection element 9 of the suction device 6 is located. Moreover, it is understood that the suction device 6 corresponding suction means such as fans, lines and the like. For suction via the detection element 9 has. The detection element 9 is linear and arranged approximately transversely to the longitudinal axis A of the subway area 3. The detection element 9 can only be arranged on the ceiling 10, on one or both side walls 11, 12 or else on the bottom 13 of the area 3. In the present case, the detection element 9 has a frame-like shape and extends over the entire circumference of the area 3. Basically, a portal-like training - without placement of a detection element on the bottom 13 - possible. It is important that an attempt is made to detect the entire cross-section of area 3 via the extraction system.

Auch wenn sich dies aus der Zeichnung im einzelnen nicht ergibt, handelt es sich bei dem Erfassungselement 9 der Absaugeinrichtung 6 um eine Wirbelhaube, in der während des Betriebs eine Wirbelsenke entsteht. Die Winkelsenke beruht bekanntlich auf dem Prinzip der in der Natur auftretenden Wirbelstürme und entsteht durch die Überlagerungen zweier Singularitäten, der Senkenströmung und des Potentialwirbels. Die Wirbelsenke läßt sich technisch durch zwei gegenüberliegende Absaugöffnungen erzeugen. Die Anströmung regt die Zirkulation an, die sehr schnell zu einem ausgeprägte Wirbelgebirge heranwächst, wobei sich die beiden gegenüberliegenden Unterdruckfelder zu einer linienförmigen Wirbelsenke zusammenschließen. Im Zentrum bildet sich ein Wirbelfaden aus, innerhalb dessen sich axiale Querströmungen einstellen. Der Kern des Wirbels dreht wie ein fester Körper und weist in seiner Längsrichtung eine gleichförmige Druckverteilung auf, die eine gleichmäßige Zuströmung über die gesamte Wirbellänge bewirkt. Der wesentliche Vorteil dieser Strömungsform begründet sich in den gegenüber normalen Strömungssenken um 50-100fach größeren Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, die ein Erfassen von impulsbehafteten Stoffströmen, wie etwa thermischen Rauchgasströmen, besonders gut ermöglichen.Although this does not emerge from the drawing in detail, it is in the detection element 9 of the suction device 6 is a vortex hood, in which a vortex sink is produced during operation. The angle sink is known to be based on the principle of hurricanes occurring in nature and arises from the superimposition of two singularities, the sink flow and the potential vortex. The vortex sink can be generated technically by two opposite suction openings. The flow stimulates the circulation, which grows very quickly to a pronounced swirling mountains, whereby the two opposing negative pressure fields combine to form a linear vortex sink. In the center, a vortex filament forms, within which axial transverse flows are established. The core of the vortex rotates like a solid body and has in its longitudinal direction a uniform pressure distribution, which causes a uniform inflow over the entire vortex length. The main advantage of this flow form is due to the 50-100 times greater flow velocities than normal flow sinks, which make it particularly well possible to detect impulse-laden material flows, such as thermal flue gas streams.

Wie sich aus Fig. 1 ergibt, weist die Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 ein Gehäuse 14 mit Ausblaskopf 15 und ein Gebläse 16 auf. Im Ausblaskopf 15 sind ein oder mehrere Düsen zur Erzeugen des Luftschleiers L vorgesehen. Der Ausblaskopf 15 der Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 ist etwa quer zur Längsachse des Schrägschachtes 4 im Bereich des Übergangs vom Schrägschacht 4 zum Bahnhofsgebäude 2 angeordnet. Im übrigen ist der Ausblaskopf 15 der Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 so gestaltet, daß sich ein ebener, möglichst turbulenzarmer Luftstrahl bildet, der von der Decke etwa senkrecht nach unten ausgeblasen wird. Aufgrund der dargestellten baulichen Begebenheiten wäre es grundsätzlich auch möglich, von einer der Seitenflächen im Bereich des Schrägschachtes 4 die Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 anzuordnen und Luft für den Luftschleier L auszublasen.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the air curtain device 7 has a housing 14 with a blow-out head 15 and a blower 16. In the exhaust head 15 are an or several nozzles for generating the air curtain L provided. The exhaust head 15 of the air curtain device 7 is arranged approximately transversely to the longitudinal axis of the inclined shaft 4 in the region of the transition from the inclined shaft 4 to the station building 2. Moreover, the exhaust head 15 of the air curtain device 7 is designed so that a flat, low-turbulence air jet forms as possible, which is blown from the ceiling approximately vertically downwards. Due to the illustrated structural conditions, it would also be possible in principle to arrange the air curtain device 7 from one of the side surfaces in the region of the inclined shaft 4 and to blow out air for the air curtain L.

Wie durch die Pfeile X in Fig. 1 angedeutet, wird während des Betriebes der Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 Luft zur Erzeugung des Luftschleiers über das Gebläse 16 angesaugt. Um einen Druckausgleich zwischen dem Bahnhofsgebäude 2 und der Umgebung sicherstellen zu können, ist eine im einzelnen nicht dargestellte Einrichtung zum automatischen Öffnen der Außentüren oder anderer Öffnungen des Bahnhofsgebäudes 2 vorgesehen.As indicated by the arrows X in Fig. 1, during operation of the air curtain device 7 air is sucked in to produce the air curtain via the blower 16. In order to ensure a pressure balance between the station building 2 and the environment, a device, not shown in detail for automatically opening the outer doors or other openings of the station building 2 is provided.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Brandherd 17 im U-Bahnbereich 3 dargestellt. Der entstehende Brandrauch breitet sich aufgrund seiner hohen Temperatur unter der Decke 10 aus, wobei eine Ausbreitung auch auf den nicht dargestellten angrenzenden Tunnelbereich zu erwarten ist. Gleichwohl gelangen auch Teilströme in den Aufgangsbereich des Schrägschachtes 4 zur Rolltreppe 5. Durch die Absaugung über die Absaugeinrichtung 6 einerseits und den über die Luftschleiereinrichtung 7 erzeugten Luftschleier L werden die zur Rolltreppe 5 gelangenden Teilströme des Brandrauches erfaßt und deren Eindringen in den Schrägschacht 4 durch eine thermisch bedingte Ausgleichsströmung deshalb vermieden, da der Luftschleier L für den Ausgleich der - schon aufgrund des unterschiedlichen Höhenniveaus der einzelnen Bereiche - bestehenden Druckunterschiede sorgt.In Fig. 1, a fire 17 is shown in the subway area 3. The resulting smoke spreads due to its high temperature under the ceiling 10, with a spread is also expected to the adjacent tunnel area, not shown. Through the extraction via the suction device 6 on the one hand and the air curtain L produced via the air curtain device 7, the reaching to the escalator 5 partial flows of the smoke are detected and their penetration into the inclined shaft 4 by a thermally induced compensation flow therefore avoided, since the air curtain L for the compensation of - already due to the different height levels of the individual areas - existing pressure differences.

Bei einer nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform ist im Bereich der Luftschleiereinrichtung wenigstens ein Branderkennungssensor vorgesehen, der bei Erkennen eines Brandherdes in diesem Bereich mit der Steuereinrichtung derart zusammenwirkt, daß die Luftschleiereinrichtung in diesem Falle nicht in Betrieb genommen wird, um dem Brandherd keinen weiteren Sauerstoff zuzuführen und das Ausbreiten des Feuers dadurch zu begünstigen. Es versteht sich, daß diese Ausgestaltung grundsätzlich bei allen beschriebenen Ausfiihrungsformen realisiert sein kann.In one embodiment, not shown, at least one fire detection sensor is provided in the area of the air curtain device, which cooperates in detecting a fire in this area with the control device such that the air curtain device is not put into operation in this case to supply the source of fire no further oxygen and the Spread the fire thereby favoring. It is understood that this Embodiment can be implemented in principle in all described embodiments.

Claims (11)

  1. Building having an extraction system for extracting gases, in particular for removing smoke in the event of fire, comprising at least one extraction device (6), wherein there is provided at least one air-curtaining device (7) by means of which an air curtain is produced which serves to screen the building part in which extraction is taking place from another building part, and in particular to prevent smoke transfer into the other building part, characterized in that two building parts provided at different height levels within the building (1) are interconnected via a further building part formed particularly as a corridor or inclined shaft (4), and in that an extraction device (6) is provided at least in the transition region from the lower building part to the further building part, while an air-curtaining device (7) is provided in the transition region from the further building part to the upper building part.
  2. Building according to Claim 1, characterized in that both the extraction device (6) and the air-curtaining device (7) are coupled to a control device (8).
  3. Building according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the volumetric flow to be extracted via the extraction device (6) and/or the volumetric flow to be fed in via the air-curtaining device (7) can be preset and/or can be regulated during the operation, in that, preferably, the volumetric flows can be regulated as a function of the pressure difference between the extraction device (6) and the air-curtaining device (7), and in that, preferably, the dimensioning of the volumetric flows is such that there results a maximum pressure difference of Δpstat= ± 25Pa between the extraction device (6) and the air-curtaining device (7).
  4. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extraction device (6) comprises a linear capturing element (9) formed in particular as a swirl hood.
  5. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a means for transporting people, such as an escalator, a moving walkway or a lift, is provided in the building (1).
  6. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extraction device (6) is designed such that the capturing capacity of the extraction device (6) is such that extraction is carried out over the entire cross section of the building part in which the capturing element (9) of the extraction device (6) is provided.
  7. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capturing element (9) is arranged approximately transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the building part in which the capturing element (9) is provided, and/or in that the blow-out head (15) of the air-curtaining device (7) is arranged approximately transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the building part in which the blow-out head (15) is provided.
  8. Building according to Claim 7, characterized in that the blow-out head (15) is designed and arranged such that the air for the air curtain (L) is blown out substantially vertically and/or such that the blow-out head (15) can be adjusted with respect to the vertical.
  9. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capturing element (9) is arranged in the region of the ceiling (10) of the building part, and in that, preferably, further capturing elements are arranged in the region of at least one side wall (11, 12) and/or in the region of the floor (13).
  10. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blow-out head (15) is arranged in the region of the ceiling of the building part, and in that, preferably, further blow-out heads are arranged in the region of at least one side wall and/or in the region of the floor of the building part.
  11. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a multiplicity of extraction devices (6) and/or a multiplicity of air-curtaining devices (7) are provided, and in that, preferably, the extraction devices (6) and the air-curtaining devices (7) are arranged alternately along the direction of the longitudinal axis of the building part.
EP02803806A 2001-11-28 2002-11-28 Suction device and method for extracting gases, in particular for smoke removal in case of fire Expired - Lifetime EP1448935B1 (en)

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DE10158214A DE10158214B4 (en) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Building with a suction device for extracting gases, in particular for smoke extraction in case of fire
DE10158214 2001-11-28
PCT/EP2002/013405 WO2003046443A1 (en) 2001-11-28 2002-11-28 Suction device and method for extracting gases, in particular for smoke removal in case of fire

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DE102007029554B4 (en) * 2007-06-26 2019-08-01 Kessler + Luch Entwicklungs- Und Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Extraction and underground station with such a suction device
FR3072035B1 (en) * 2017-10-10 2023-02-10 Pierre Herve FIRE SAFETY FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS BY HORIZONTAL PRESSURIZED GAS BARRIER ABOVE THE WINDOWS

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US1731289A (en) * 1923-04-26 1929-10-15 Robert S Blair Art of and apparatus for ventilation
FR813872A (en) * 1935-11-25 1937-06-10 Process for forming a separation in a gaseous medium and producing a ventilation of this medium, and installation for the implementation of this process
NL110220C (en) * 1958-10-14 1900-01-01
US3115818A (en) * 1960-06-17 1963-12-31 American Mach & Foundry Air confined system
US4315456A (en) * 1979-12-05 1982-02-16 Sanko Air Plant, Ltd. Air-curtaining apparatus for fire protection
JPH01146566A (en) * 1987-12-03 1989-06-08 Minoru Ihara Breathing protective equipment
DE4243834C3 (en) * 1992-12-23 2001-08-09 Kessler & Luch Gmbh & Co Kg Exhaust gas detection hood with stabilized swirl flow
DE29600140U1 (en) * 1996-01-05 1996-02-29 Schulte, Günter, 59757 Arnsberg Device for securing the passage between two parts of a building in the event of a fire
JP3224733B2 (en) * 1996-04-05 2001-11-05 鹿島建設株式会社 Fire ventilation system for a horizontally long cylindrical space
JPH10176857A (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-30 Japan Tobacco Inc Tornado generating mechanism and tornado type smoking booth using it and tornado type smoking booth in aircraft
US5788571A (en) * 1997-01-22 1998-08-04 Ivison; John T. Method of venting smoke from highrise residential buildings
DE19814484C2 (en) * 1998-04-01 2001-02-22 Peter Hildebrandt Process for separating room areas with different air compositions, in particular for keeping smoke-free rooms in buildings
JP2001033072A (en) * 1999-07-16 2001-02-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ventilation system
DE10015666A1 (en) * 1999-12-14 2001-06-28 Georg Emanuel Koppenwallner Method for capturing, separating and aspirating fluids using frontal turbulence generators with one arranged in arbitrary direction or several arranged and combined with aspiration slots
DE10006749C2 (en) * 2000-01-31 2001-12-13 Kessler & Luch Gmbh & Co Kg Device for supply air for buildings and device for extracting polluted air from buildings

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DE10158214B4 (en) 2005-11-10
DE50210604D1 (en) 2007-09-13
DE10158214A1 (en) 2003-07-10
WO2003046443A1 (en) 2003-06-05
ATE368832T1 (en) 2007-08-15
AU2002356744A1 (en) 2003-06-10

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