Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
  • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
  • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
  • F23K5/14—Details thereof
  • F23K5/142—Fuel pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
  • F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
  • F04F1/18—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium being mixed with, or generated from the liquid to be pumped
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D5/00—Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel
  • F23D5/06—Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel the liquid forming a film on one or more plane or convex surfaces
  • F23D5/10—Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel the liquid forming a film on one or more plane or convex surfaces on grids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
  • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
  • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
  • F23K5/04—Feeding or distributing systems using pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
  • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
  • F23D2203/105—Porous plates

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a simple and inexpensive method and device for producing a flame, in particular for colored flame lamps.
• the invention implements a known system for supplying regular low flow in which a liquid is made to rise by means of a train of bubbles, in a tube of small section. Such a system is described in particular in US-A-5,312,232, 4,645,427 and 4,647,272.
• Lighters and flame lamps are widely known and used using the combustion of a gas and in particular a liquefied gas.
• flames can be colored by injecting into them chemical compounds having the property of coloring them. This injection is however delicate to implement when it is desired to produce a flame lamp of simple design, supplied with gas and in particular with liquefied gas, at low and regular flow rate, without risk of blocking of the gas supply means. and chemical compound.
• the invention has set itself the objective of eliminating the drawbacks of the solutions according to the prior art by providing a method and a device for producing a particularly colored flame which are characterized by great simplicity and low cost.
• the technique implemented by the present invention consists in raising a liquid in a small section tube from a lower level to a higher level, without applying pressure on this liquid, or with applying a lower pressure on the liquid. to that normally required to raise it by the same height, the liquid rising under the action of bubbles of a combustible gas. According to the invention, the technical problem mentioned above is thus resolved.
• the invention relates firstly to a method of producing a flame by combustion of a combustible gas at the upper end of an ascending tube of small internal cross section, characterized in that: a) a reserve d a liquid, the level of which is maintained both below that of the upper end of said ascending tube and greater than that of the lower end of this same tube, b) the liquid reserve is placed in communication with a chamber, called buUage chamber, communicating further with the lower end of said ascending tube, or inserted therein in its lower part and also communicating with a source of combustible gas via a gas inlet orifice, c) while maintaining the level of liquid in the reserve as indicated above, the combustible gas is admitted into the bubbling chamber by passage through the gas inlet orifice at a sufficient rate fisant to produce at the base of the ascending tube a succession of bubbles of combustible gas in the liquid, the said flow rate being however lower than that which would lead to an accumulation of gas below the ascending tube such that
• the invention also relates to a device comprising an ascending tube communicating at its lower end with a chamber called bubbling chamber, said bubbling chamber being moreover in communication on the one hand with a reservoir for liquid and on the other hand with a source of combustible gas, said tank being capable of containing said liquid at a level which is both higher than the level of the lower end of the riser tube and lower than the level of the upper end of said ascending tube, the communication between the bubbling chamber and the source of combustible gas being made via a gas inlet orifice, said device being characterized in that it further comprises a burner at the upper end of the ascending tube, intended for the combustion of the combustible gas and possibly the liquid, as well as means for controlling the flow of combustible gas making it possible to admit the latter into the liquid in the form a train of successive gas bubbles, the cross section of which is at least equal to the internal cross section of the ascending tube, directed towards the base of the ascending tube or introduced directly into the latter.
• bubbles of combustible gas can deform when they enter the ascending tube and that they can take a different shape, in particular elongated in the direction of their ascent. However, they remain separated from each other by entraining portions of the liquid between them.
• cross section of the ascending tube is a function of the size of the bubbles created since each bubble, in said tube, must be in contact with the walls and must therefore be able to occupy the entire cross section of the tube.
• a first embodiment of the method of the invention consists of a method of producing a flame by combustion of a combustible gas at the upper end of an ascending tube of small internal cross section , characterized in that: a) a reserve of a liquid is established, the level of which is maintained both below that of the upper end of said ascending tube and greater than that of the lower end of this same tube, b) the liquid reserve is placed in communication with a chamber, called bubbling chamber, which communicates on the one hand, at its upper part, with the lower end of said ascending tube and on the other hand with a gas source fuel via a gas inlet port which is located at a level of the bubbling chamber lower than the level of the lower end of the riser, the section of the gas inlet port in the bubbling chamber being sufficient to produce in the liquid of the bubbling chamber successive gas bubbles whose cross section is at least equal to the internal cross section of the ascending tube, the communication of the liquid of the reserve with the
• the device of the invention consists of a device comprising an ascending tube communicating by its lower end with the upper end of a chamber called bubbling chamber, said bubbling chamber being moreover in communication on the one hand with a tank for liquid and on the other hand with a source of combustible gas, said tank being capable of containing said liquid at a level both higher than the level of the lower end of the ascending tube and below the level of the upper end of said riser, the communication between the bubbling chamber and the source of combustible gas taking place via a gas inlet orifice situated at a level of the bubbling chamber lower than the level of communication of said chamber with the lower end of the ascending tube and the communication between the bubbling chamber and the liquid reservoir taking place via at least one liquid intake orifice situated away from the ascending path followed by the bubbles of combustible gas which may be form when the bubbling chamber is filled with liquid and the gas is admitted into said chamber, said device being characterized in that it further comprises a burner at the upper
• the cross section of the bubbling chamber is greater than both the maximum internal cross section of the riser and the cross section of the orifice gas inlet into the bubbling chamber.
• the level of the lower end of the rising tube is lower than the top of the bubbling chamber and the gas is admitted under sufficient pressure to discharge the liquid from its resting level , downwards, up to the vicinity of the level of the lower end of the ascending tube, thus allowing gas to have access to this lower end of the ascending tube in the form of a train of successive bubbles.
• this second embodiment it is possible to provide a space surrounding the ascending tube, or close to the latter, and therefore extending the bubbling chamber upwards, and this space must be sealed so as to allow the gas to exert its discharge pressure on the liquid surrounding, at rest, the riser, or close to it.
• the gas pressure must be limited to that which allows the liquid to descend to the level of the lower end of the riser tube or in the vicinity. In fact, excessive pressure would force the liquid back to a level such that this liquid would no longer have access to the ascending tube. This pressure is therefore low and equal to the height of liquid to be lowered.
• the pressurized gas can be admitted into a space surrounding the ascending tube, or adjacent thereto, and at a level higher than the level of the lower end of this tube.
• the gas can also be admitted directly into the liquid. It then forms bubbles which, by releasing their gas in the sealed space surrounding the ascending tube, or close to it, make it possible to discharge the liquid up to the level of the lower end of the ascending tube, as in the case previous.
• the gas is admitted directly inside the ascending tube, at its lower part, at a level located lower than the level at which the liquid reaches rest, in the absence of gas injection .
• This lower part plays the role of bubbling chamber.
• the gas orifice does not occupy the entire section of the tube, in order to leave a passage for the liquid which must rise in the tube.
• it must be of sufficient size so that the bubbles formed, the diameter of which is, as a rule, greater than that of the gas orifice, as will be explained below, have a size sufficient to occupy all of the cross section of the riser.
• the metering between liquid and combustible gas flow rates is carried out in the bubbling chamber located at the base of the riser tube and provided with the following three orifices: - a gas supply orifice of which the section determines the size of the bubbles formed, - a liquid inlet orifice ensuring the admission of the latter from its reservoir.
• the geometry of this second orifice is not critical, provided that it is located at a point in the chamber such that the gas bubbles formed cannot enter it instead of entering the ascending tube. This risk can be further reduced by the narrowing of this second orifice or by its positioning at a level lower than the level of arrival of the gas in the bubbling chamber.
• this orifice is preferably placed "above the gas supply nozzle and it is advantageously preceded by an access by inverted funnel to facilitate the collection of bubbles and avoid their division.
• the flow of combustible gas is preferably substantially greater than the flow of liquid to be supplied with a volumetric base, for example 5 to 20 times greater.
• the gas bubbles through the liquid to be supplied forming bubbles whose cross section (horizontal) is at least equal and preferably greater than the maximum internal section of the riser .
• This orifice may have a cross section slightly smaller than that of the ascending tube because the bubbles tend to increase in cross section and in volume at the outlet of the gas inlet orifice.
• the section of this orifice can advantageously represent 25 to 100% of the maximum internal section of the ascending tube, subject to compliance with the condition of size of the bubbles formed. This size of the bubbles formed is to a certain extent a function of the nature of the liquid, its density and its viscosity.
• maximum internal section of the ascending tube refers to the case of a tube whose internal section is not constant at all levels. In the more common case of a tube of constant internal section, the maximum internal section is equal to the internal (constant) section of the tube.
• the flow rate of combustible carrier gas is chosen as a function of the flow rate desired for the upward supply of liquid. It is however limited as a function of the assembly and in particular of the section and the length of the riser tube. Thus, in this tube, each gas bubble is separated from the previous one and the next one by a small quantity of liquid which is entrained at the top of the tube. Excessive gas flow could cause gas to build up in the upper part of the bubble chamber and the liquid would no longer be entrained in the riser.
• the liquid As the level of the top of the riser is located above the level of charge of the liquid located in the supply tank, the liquid is entrained higher than this level of the tank by the effect of the train of gas bubbles. Consequently, stopping the gas supply causes the liquid outlet to stop.
• the cross section of the rising tube is, in all points, less than 1 square centimeter, and preferably less than 10 square millimeters, so as to ensure that the liquid pushed upwards by the train of bubbles slides as little as possible between these bubbles and the wall of the riser.
• said section can be from 1 to 5 square millimeters.
• the source of gas bubbles in the bubbling chamber consists of a single opening so as to create a single column of successive gas bubbles in the liquid.
• the burner provided at the upper end of the rising tube, can be constituted simply by the upper end of the rising tube. It can be also an incombustible or hardly combustible porous body capable of being impregnated with the liquid collected at the top of the rising tube.
• the porous body can be, for example, made of sintered metal, porous porcelain, porous concrete, sintered porcelain or even consist of a wick similar to that of an oil lamp.
• the burner can also include a metallic canvas, a sleeve of knitted or non-knitted, packed or non-knitted metal wire, or a conduit made of perforated or deployed sheet metal.
• the mixture of gas bubbles and liquid is brought to the upper end of the riser tube in an auxiliary flame zone, for example from a conventional gas burner.
• the method and the device can also be used to produce a colored flame lamp.
• the liquid contains at least one compound capable of coloring a flame; they are generally compounds of certain metals and, b) igniting and allowing the mixture of liquid and combustible gas obtained to burn at the top of the rising tube, possibly in contact with the flame of an auxiliary burner.
• the combustible gas is for example methane, emane, propane, butane, isobutane or dimethyloxide, and the liquid is preferably combustible.
• This liquid can even be aqueous if its proportion is small compared to that of the combustible gas; it then serves only as a solvent for the compounds intended to color the flame.
• a liquid with a high flash point for example greater than 50 ° C. and preferably greater than 80 ° C., can be used.
• a finely suspended compound or preferably dissolved, is used in the liquid, one of the constituent elements of which is chosen for the coloring of the flames which it provides.
• These compounds are well known to those skilled in the art. As examples, mention may be made of: lithium: red, sodium: yellow, copper in halogenated compositions: green or blue, borates: green, carbon: yellow or white.
• These emitting compounds can be mineral, for example nitrate or chloride, in particular if the liquid is aqueous or aqueous alcoholic or aqueous glycolic, or organic, for example acetate, hexanoate, ethylhexanoate, stearate, oleate, acetylacetonate, if the liquid is organic (hydrocarbons , alcohol, glycol, amide, for example). We prefer liquids whose combustion takes place without significant carbon.
• an advantage of the invention is that the device described does not require any moving mechanical part.
• Another advantage lies in the fact that the flow of liquid produced by the train of bubbles depends little on the level of liquid in the tank under load; the difference in level between the liquid in the reservoir and the top of the riser is preferably between 5 and 50 centimeters, although much higher level differences are possible.
• the unit quantity of liquid (that is to say the quantity of liquid which leaves the ascending tube, between each gas bubble) supplied to the top of the ascending tube can be adjusted according to the invention by adjusting the size of the bubbles in relationship with the cross section of the riser.
• the quantity of combustible gas required to ensure a regular flow rate is generally of the order of 5 to 20 times the volume of liquid to be supplied, but can be easily determined, including outside these values, by a person skilled in the art.
• the supply can be switched on and off by opening and closing the gas supply.
• the method described by the invention easily allows the control of several unitary liquid supply devices by a single opening of a gas valve controlling the supply of gas to several ascending tubes, possibly supplied with different liquids and possibly of different bit rates.
• the liquid is scented and its combustion spreads a scent of perfume in the surrounding atmosphere. This is the case with a scented oil, for example pine essence.
• FIG. 2 illustrates in partial view an embodiment of the bubble chamber.
• FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention according to the first embodiment of the invention.
• the device of FIG. 1 comprises a liquid reservoir 1, communicating at its base, by a conduit 2, with a bubbling chamber 3, which is surmounted by an ascending tube of small diameter 4 and provided with a gas inlet fuel 5 in the form, for example, of a nozzle, the level of which in said chamber is greater than the level of the outlet orifice 6 of the conduit 2, so as to avoid a backflow of gas towards the liquid tank.
• the gas comes, through the conduit 7, controlled by the valve 8, from the gas tank 9.
• a burner 10 At the top of the rising tube 4 is disposed a burner 10, for example in the form of a grid or a porous fire-resistant material .
• the level of liquid 11 in the reservoir is maintained above the level of the lower end 15 of the ascending tube and below the level of the upper end 16 of said ascending tube.
• the upper part of the bubbling chamber is in the form of a funnel which widens downwards.
• the section of the ascending tube is sufficiently small and the section of the gas inlet sufficiently large for the gas to rise in said tube in the form of successive individual bubbles such as 13 and 17 each occupying almost the entire internal cross-section of the tube, each bubble being separated from the next by a portion of entrained liquid, such as 14 and 18.
• the gas flow is controlled so that the gas rises in the bubbling chamber towards the ascending tube in the form of successive individual bubbles and not as a continuous stream.
• the gas flow must also be low enough not to exceed the gas flow in the riser; otherwise, the gas would accumulate below the riser and no longer play its role as a carrier of liquid portions.
• the gas is obtained by vaporization of a pressurized liquid 12 such as butane.
• a pressurized liquid 12 such as butane.
• the orifice 6 for the outlet of the liquid in the bubble chamber may include a non-return valve or have a minimal section. This could for example be a micro-orifice, a narrow slot or a porous partition.
• the combustible gas for example butane
• the combustible gas for example butane
• flames (F) of different colors may be obtained.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment of the bubble chamber 3 formed here by the lower part of the ascending tube 4
• the ascending tube 4 can be raised or lowered inside a tubular enclosure fixed external 19.
• the junction not shown here between the tube 4 and the enclosure 19 can be simple friction (for example O-ring) or better comprises a thread such as 23 (see Figure 3); in the latter case, the rotation of the tube 4 makes it possible to raise or lower it with more precision than in the case of simple friction.
• the tube 4 rests on a seal 20, for example made of elastomer, and the liquid from the reservoir 1 placed in the upper part of the enclosure 19 cannot enter the bubble chamber 3.
• the rise of the tube 4 causes the gasket 20 and a hollow part 21 to rise, which on the one hand supports the gasket 20 and, on the other hand, acts as a needle 25 to close or open the gas supply from the tube 7.
• This rise is caused by the expansion of the compressed spring 22, arranged at the lower part of the enclosure 19.
• the combustible gas can then rise in the hollow part then in the injector 5, in the chamber 3 and in the tube 4.
• the seal 20 no longer rises and the continued elevation of the tube 4 allows the liquid from the reservoir 1 to enter the bubble chamber 3 passing between the base 24 of the bubble chamber and the seal 20.
• the gas then forms a column of bubbles (not shown s) in the bubble chamber and these bubbles then rising in the tube 4 ensure the entrainment of portions of liquid in this tube.
• the enclosure 19 serves as a liquid reservoir in its upper part (above the joint 20) while in its lower part (below the joint 20) it allows the passage of the gas coming from the tube 7.
• FIG. 3 represents a complete installation operating in a flame lamp and using as a source of combustible gas a tank of liquefied gas such as butane.
• the liquefied gas tank 9 and the liquid tank 1 containing a flame dye are arranged one below the other, surrounding the ascending tube and the gas inlet, so as to produce an autonomous assembly of one piece.
• the operation is the same as in FIG. 2 or FIG. 1 "and the numerical references of FIG. 3 have the same meanings as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
• the references 23 and 27 to 29, which are not shown in the figures 1 and 2, have the following meanings: the reference 23 represents the screw pitch, or equivalent element, which makes it possible to raise or lower the tube 4.
• the reference 27 designates a liquid recovery pad such as a metal sponge , a porous material or the like.
• Reference 28 represents the filling orifice of the liquid tank 1.
• Reference 29 represents a vacuum membrane or equivalent.
• FIG. 4 and 5 illustrate the second embodiment of the invention.
• the ascending tube 18 is surrounded by a pressure-controlled space, for example a closed space 31, which extends upwards the bubbling chamber 3 and in which the liquid can rise or fall according to the pressure of the gas present. in the upper part of said closed space.
• the gas arrives via the conduit 7 and the space 31 which extends the gas inlet conduit from a reservoir (not shown) such as the reservoir 9 of FIG. 1, and the liquid via the conduit 2, in from a reservoir (not shown) such as the reservoir 1 in FIG. 1.
• the level of liquid in the space 31 is controlled by the level of the reservoir. It is higher than the level 32 of the base 15 of the ascending tube 18. This level is shown diagrammatically by the ia (FIG. 4) or 11b or 111c (FIG. 5).
• this gas begins to collect in the closed space 31 and, as its pressure increases, it discharges the liquid from space 31 down to the level 32 from the bottom of the tube 18. If the gas injection is continued, part of the liquid still drops slightly below level 32 and gas can escape through the tube 18, which causes the liquid to rise slightly. a fraction will be drawn into the tube. The process repeats, causing bubbles of gas separated by portions of liquid to rise in the tube.
• the space 31 is however not essential and the level 32 can be that of the top of the bubble chamber, the gas then being injected at this level or lower.
• the operation is substantially identical, regardless of the point of injection of the gas, into the liquid or above the liquid, and, in the first case ( Figure 4), the gas inlet can be located exactly in the tube axis ascending or offset from this axis.
• the second case (FIG. 5), during operation, the gas arrives in the liquid, and therefore in the bubbling chamber, takes place at level 32, approximately at the bottom of the rising tube.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention
• the gas inlet tube 7 is extended inside the ascending tube 18, however providing a space 33 allowing access to the liquid, which, in operation, reaches a level ia greater than the level of the bottom of the rising tube 18.
• the internal section of the gas inlet tube, at its upper end, is sufficient and represents for example 25 to 85% of the internal section of the ascending tube (the internal section of the gas tube 7 being less than the internal section of the ascending tube)
• the bubbles formed, such as 17 and 13 due to their tendency to increase their section at the outlet of the tube 7, will occupy the entire internal section of the ascending tube 18, which will allow the rise of a train of bubbles separated by portions of liquid such as 14 and 14 '.
• a colored flame lamp is made up of the following components: A liquid tank 1 with a capacity of 250 milliliters is filled with a liquid made up of 94% (by weight) of dimethylformamide, 4% of lithium nitrate and 12% ammonium nitrate, the indicated salts being dissolved in the liquid.
• This tank has a height of 6 cm and is provided with an air inlet at the top with anti-spillage device, and a liquid outlet bringing the latter by a small duct 2 to the bubbling chamber 3
• This bubbling chamber placed at the lowest part of the lamp, has a capacity of 2 milliliters; it is penetrated at the bottom by a gas supply tube terminated by an orifice 5 with a diameter of 1.5 mm forming bubbles of approximately 2 mm in diameter.
• This tube 4 is arranged vertically and has a length of 18 cm.
• the tube bringing the gas into the bubbling chamber is supplied by a liquefied butane tank 9 with a capacity of 25 grams provided with a control valve 8 equipped with a throttle upstream ensuring a flow rate of 5 grams per hour of gas during operation.
• a metal wick 27 intended to retain the liquid leaving this tube during combustion.
• the butane gas exits at the top of the tube 4 in a small flow as indicated above and allows the ignition of a small flame the size of that of a lighter.
• the liquid rises in small portions 14, 18 separated by a train of gas bubbles 13, 17 provided by the device of the invention at a rate of approximately 50 grams per hour. It ignites easily on contact with the small butane flame and produces a beautiful stable red flame (F) with a height of about 5 to 6 cm, without risk of spillage.
• the lamp thus produced has an autonomy of approximately 5 hours.
• Example 2 the addition of ammonium nitrate makes it possible to avoid a significant dissolution of butane in dimethylformamide. Furthermore, this addition promotes the disintegration of the deposit containing the coloring metals (such as lithium) by micro-explosions in the flame.
• the coloring metals such as lithium

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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• 2001
  • 2001-11-28 FR FR0115399A patent/FR2832771B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2002
  • 2002-11-27 WO PCT/FR2002/004072 patent/WO2003046387A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-11-27 AU AU2002358212A patent/AU2002358212A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-11-27 CA CA002468477A patent/CA2468477A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-11-27 EP EP02791908A patent/EP1448899A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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