EP1443184B1 - Variable camshaft drive - Google Patents
Variable camshaft drive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1443184B1 EP1443184B1 EP03100179A EP03100179A EP1443184B1 EP 1443184 B1 EP1443184 B1 EP 1443184B1 EP 03100179 A EP03100179 A EP 03100179A EP 03100179 A EP03100179 A EP 03100179A EP 1443184 B1 EP1443184 B1 EP 1443184B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- camshaft
- crankshaft
- coupling member
- coupled
- mechanism according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
- F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
- F01L1/34409—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear by torque-responsive means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a variable camshaft drive for an internal combustion engine having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for variably controlling the valve opening times of an internal combustion engine having the features of the preamble of claim 9.
- Camshaft gears are used to open and close the intake and exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine according to the rotation of the crankshaft and to control the intake of combustion air and the emission of exhaust gases.
- variable camshaft drives known in which the opening and closing times of the valves - and possibly also the valve lift - can be changed relative to a basic setting. Typically, this is achieved by mechanisms that allow a limited phase shift between the rotations of the crankshaft and the camshaft.
- the adjustment of such a variable camshaft usually takes place via relatively complex actuators, which are active, ie actuated by supplying external energy.
- a camshaft drive is known in which an additional inertial mass is coupled to the camshaft and a flywheel is coupled via a viscoelastic element.
- These passive mechanical coupling members are designed to damp torsional vibrations of the camshaft to extend the life. On the valve opening times, the coupling members take no influence.
- variable camshaft drive which has a simplified structure and a simplified control.
- variable camshaft drive for an internal combustion engine contains a drive element coupled to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and at least one camshaft coupled to this drive element for controlling the valves of the internal combustion engine.
- the drive member may be, for example, a seated on the crankshaft gear, which is coupled via a wedge or toothed belt, a link chain, or other gears with the camshaft.
- the drive element and the camshaft are interconnected (among others) via a passive mechanical coupling member.
- camshaft drives provide a most inflexible coupling between the crankshaft and the camshaft driven therefrom, in which the camshaft can change its position relative to the crankshaft only within unavoidable tolerance limits of the mechanisms and materials, this position variability usually well below ⁇ 1 ° of the camshaft angle lies.
- This positional variability provides for corresponding rotational oscillations of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft, such as in the DE 197 52 194 A , of the US 2002/128099 A1 and the DE 19 80 468 U disclosed.
- a "soft" coupling member is selectively inserted into the power transmission chain between the crankshaft or drive element and camshaft in the camshaft drive according to the invention, which allows a significant rotational relative rotation of ⁇ 1 ° to ⁇ 50 ° between the camshaft and crankshaft.
- a "soft" coupling member is selectively inserted into the power transmission chain between the crankshaft or drive element and camshaft in the camshaft drive according to the invention, which allows a significant rotational relative rotation of ⁇ 1 ° to ⁇ 50 ° between the camshaft and crankshaft.
- At least one further passive mechanical coupling element is coupled to the camshaft.
- the further coupling member can be arranged in particular at the non-driven end of the camshaft in order to bring about a more uniform introduction of force into the camshaft.
- a coupling member may have at least one elasticity which acts between its input and its output for the movements or forces to be coupled.
- Such elasticity causes a movement of the input (output) against an increasing elastic restoring force is possible at festnacem output (or input) of the coupling member.
- kinetic energy can be temporarily stored by the elasticity and thus at the entrance uniformly supplied energy is output non-uniformly again at the output.
- the coupling elements can have at least one inertial mass between their input and their output, which participates in the transmitted motion and influences it by its mass inertia.
- the coupling members may have at least one acting between its input and its output viscosity, by which a transmitted movement is attenuated energy consumption.
- the acting between the input and the output of a coupling member components may also have a linear or a non-linear behavior. Such characteristics can be achieved, for example, with the above-described components (elasticity, inertial mass, damping).
- the mechanical parameters of the coupling element can be changed externally.
- the characteristic of the coupling member can be adjusted, for example, by the engine controller so that a desired valve control is effected.
- the position of the camshaft is actively influenced by an external actuator, in the present case only a change in parameters takes place from the outside, while the system otherwise remains autonomous.
- the camshaft drive (at least) on two camshafts, which are each coupled via their own passive mechanical coupling members with the drive element of the crankshaft.
- the coupling members are designed differently so that they show a different input / output behavior.
- One of the camshafts can z. B. connected to the input valves and the other camshaft with the output valves of the internal combustion engine. The opening behavior of these valves can then be varied separately according to the coupling members on the respective camshafts. For example, an advance of the input valves take place with simultaneous retardation of the exhaust valves.
- the rotational oscillation of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft takes place as a function of rotational speed.
- the oscillation is dependent on the respective rotational speed of the crankshaft with regard to its amplitude and / or phase position. In this way - especially at low engine speeds - a different opening behavior of the valves can be achieved than at higher engine speeds.
- FIG. 1 are shown schematically for the present invention components of a variable camshaft drive.
- the camshaft drive comprises a driven by the crankshaft 1 of the internal combustion engine (not shown) drive element 2, in which it is z. B. may be a fixed on the crankshaft gear.
- the drive element 2 is coupled via a toothed belt 3 with a gear 4.
- the gear 4 is in turn coupled via a coupling member A with the camshaft 5, wherein the camshaft 5 in a known manner eccentric cam 6 for moving the valves (not shown) of the internal combustion engine has.
- a second camshaft 5 ' is coupled to cam 6' via a further coupling member A 'to the gear 4.
- the first camshaft 5 can, for. B. the intake valves and the second camshaft 5 'control the exhaust valves.
- camshaft drives the coupling member A, A 'is formed so that it causes a "inflexible” or rigid or functionally unique coupling between the gear 4 and the camshaft 5, 5'.
- the coupling member in the prior art may simply be formed as a solid shaft continuous.
- a change in the phase position between the input and the output of the coupling member can also be effected by externally controllable active actuators. Without active However, intervention from the outside, this phase shift remains constant, so that there is a solid functional relationship between the angle of the crankshaft and the resulting angle of the camshaft in conventional camshaft drives.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the relationship between the time course of the crankshaft angle ⁇ K and the associated time profile of the camshaft angle ⁇ N.
- a linear curve of the crankshaft angle ⁇ k over the time t results.
- the curves of the crankshaft angle ⁇ K and the camshaft angle ⁇ N would differ only by a given transmission ratio of the camshaft drive in the slope (by a factor of 2) and in an offset.
- the coupling members A and A '(also B and B') on the various camshafts 5, 5 ' may be designed differently to produce valves associated with different speed-dependent behavior.
- FIGS. 3 to 5 different implementation possibilities for the coupling elements are shown, which can be combined with each other as desired.
- a ' is an inertial mass M 1 coupled to the gear 4.
- the inertial mass M 1 is further coupled to the camshaft 5, 5 'via an elasticity C 1 (eg a torsion spring or a torsion bar).
- the realization of the further coupling element B, B 'according to FIG. 5 consists of an elasticity C 3 (eg a torsion spring or a torsion bar), which connects the camshaft 5, 5 'and an otherwise freely oscillating inertial mass M 3 .
- C 3 eg a torsion spring or a torsion bar
- the camshaft drive according to the invention can thus effect a change in the opening time to a maximum length at a nominal rotational speed starting from a base length of the valve opening when the engine is idling.
- the coupling members A, A ', B, B' can contain both linear and nonlinear components (elasticities, dampers, etc.). Furthermore, these components may be "active” or “passive”, with “passive” components by definition, do not change their parameters, while the parameters of "active” components can be activated and / or changed externally or internally.
- passive components are steel springs, air springs or rubber elements.
- active components are dampers with an electroactive change in the damping coefficient, variable-pressure air springs and eddy current brakes.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen variablen Nockenwellentrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur variablen Steuerung der Ventilöffnungszeiten einer Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 9.The invention relates to a variable camshaft drive for an internal combustion engine having the features of the preamble of
Nockenwellentriebe dienen dazu, die Einlaß- und Auslaßventile einer Brennkraftmaschine entsprechend der Drehung der Kurbelwelle zu öffnen und zu schließen, um das Ansaugen von Verbrennungsluft sowie den Ausstoß von Abgasen zu steuern. Zur Optimierung der Motorleistung gemäß den jeweiligen Anforderungen ist z. B. aus der
Aus der
Vor diesem Hintergrund war es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen variablen Nockenwellentrieb bereitzustellen, welcher einen vereinfachten Aufbau und eine vereinfachte Steuerung besitzt.Against this background, it was an object of the present invention to provide a variable camshaft drive, which has a simplified structure and a simplified control.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Nockenwellentrieb mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren zur variablen Steuerung der Ventilöffnungszeiten einer Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.This object is achieved by a camshaft drive with the features of
Der erfindungsgemäße variable Nockenwellentrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine enthält ein mit der Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine gekoppeltes Antriebselement sowie mindestens eine mit diesem Antriebselement gekoppelte Nockenwelle zur Steuerung der Ventile der Brennkraftmaschine. Das Antriebselement kann dabei zum Beispiel ein auf der Kurbelwelle sitzendes Zahnrad sein, welches über einen Keil- oder Zahnriemen, eine Gliederkette, oder über weitere Zahnräder mit der Nockenwelle gekoppelt ist. Das Antriebselement und die Nockenwelle sind (unter anderem) über ein passives mechanisches Kopplungsglied miteinander verbunden.The variable camshaft drive according to the invention for an internal combustion engine contains a drive element coupled to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and at least one camshaft coupled to this drive element for controlling the valves of the internal combustion engine. The drive member may be, for example, a seated on the crankshaft gear, which is coupled via a wedge or toothed belt, a link chain, or other gears with the camshaft. The drive element and the camshaft are interconnected (among others) via a passive mechanical coupling member.
Bekannte Nockenwellentriebe sehen eine möglichst inflexible Kopplung zwischen der Kurbelwelle und der hiervon angetriebenen Nockenwelle vor, bei welcher die Nockenwelle lediglich innerhalb unvermeidbarer Toleranzgrenzen der Mechanismen und Materialien ihre Position relativ zur Kurbelwelle verändern kann, wobei diese Positionsveränderlichkeit in der Regel deutlich unter ±1° des Nockenwellenwinkels liegt. Diese Positionsveränderlichkeit sorgt für entsprechende rotatorische Oszillationen der Nockenwelle relativ zur Kurbelwelle, wie z.B. in der
Demgegenüber wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Nockenwellentrieb gezielt ein "weiches" Kopplungsglied in die Kraftübertragungskette zwischen Kurbelwelle bzw. Antriebselement und Nockenwelle eingeschoben, welches eine signifikante rotatorische Relativdrehung um ± 1° bis ± 50° zwischen Nockenwelle und Kurbelwelle erlaubt. Anders als bei bekannten variablen Nokenwellensteuerungen wird dabei die Relativverstellung zwischen Nockenwelle und Kurbelwelle nicht von außen vorgegeben und durch aktive Mechanismen bewirkt, so daß diese ohne Betätigung dieser Mechanismen unverändert bleibt, sondern die Relativdrehung zwischen Nockenwelle und Kurbelwelle erfolgt allein aufgrund der passiven mechanischen Eigenschaften des zwischengeschalteten Kopplungsgliedes. Bei entsprechender Auslegung des Eingangs-/Ausgangsverhaltens des Kopplungsgliedes kann daher eine quasi von selbst stattfindende Variation des Öffnungsverhaltens der Nockenwelle erfolgen, die zu einem verbesserten Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine führt. Insbesondere kann eine von der Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle abhängige relative Oszillation zwischen Nockenwelle und Kurbelwelle erfolgen, die eine vorteilhafte Veränderung (Frühverstellung und/oder Spätverstellung) der Öffnungs- und Schließzeiten der Ventile bewirkt. Da hierfür keinerlei externe Steuerung und keine aktive Zufuhr von Energie erforderlich ist, kann ein derartiger variabler Nockenwellentrieb sehr einfach und damit kostengünstig sowie robust realisiert werden.In contrast, a "soft" coupling member is selectively inserted into the power transmission chain between the crankshaft or drive element and camshaft in the camshaft drive according to the invention, which allows a significant rotational relative rotation of ± 1 ° to ± 50 ° between the camshaft and crankshaft. Unlike known variable Nokenwellensteuerungen while the relative displacement between the camshaft and crankshaft is not specified from the outside and effected by active mechanisms, so that it remains unchanged without actuation of these mechanisms, but the relative rotation between the camshaft and crankshaft is due solely to the passive mechanical properties of the interposed coupling member. With an appropriate design of the input / output behavior of the coupling member can therefore take place a quasi-self-occurring variation of the opening behavior of the camshaft, which leads to improved operation of the internal combustion engine. In particular, a dependent of the speed of the crankshaft relative oscillation between the camshaft and crankshaft can take place, which causes an advantageous change (early adjustment and / or retardation) of the opening and closing times of the valves. Since this no external control and no active supply of energy is required, such a variable camshaft drive can be realized very simple and therefore cost-effective and robust.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung des Nockenwellentriebs ist an die Nockenwelle mindestens ein weiteres passives mechanisches Kopplungsglied angekoppelt. Hierdurch kann zusätzlicher Einfluß auf die Bewegung der Nockenwelle genommen werden, um auf diese Weise ein gewünschtes Verhalten zu erzielen. Das weitere Kopplungsglied kann insbesondere am nicht angetriebenen Ende der Nockenwelle angeordnet werden, um eine gleichmäßigere Krafteinleitung in die Nockenwelle zu bewirken.According to a development of the camshaft drive, at least one further passive mechanical coupling element is coupled to the camshaft. In this way, additional influence on the movement of the camshaft can be taken in order to achieve a desired behavior in this way. The further coupling member can be arranged in particular at the non-driven end of the camshaft in order to bring about a more uniform introduction of force into the camshaft.
Für die konkrete Realisierung der oben erwähnten Kopplungsglieder zwischen Kurbelwelle und Nockenwelle beziehungsweise zusätzlich an der Nockenwelle stehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Insbesondere kann ein Kopplungsglied mindestens eine Elastizität aufweisen, die zwischen seinem Eingang und seinem Ausgang für die zu koppelnden Bewegungen beziehungsweise Kräfte wirkt. Eine derartige Elastizität bewirkt, daß bei festgehaltenem Ausgang (oder Eingang) des Kopplungsgliedes eine Bewegung des Eingangs (Ausgangs) gegen eine zunehmende elastische Rückstellkraft möglich ist. Ferner kann durch die Elastizität Bewegungsenergie zwischengespeichert und somit am Eingang gleichmäßig zugeführte Energie am Ausgang ungleichförmig wieder abgegeben werden.For the specific realization of the above-mentioned coupling members between the crankshaft and the camshaft or in addition to the camshaft, various options are available. In particular, a coupling member may have at least one elasticity which acts between its input and its output for the movements or forces to be coupled. Such elasticity causes a movement of the input (output) against an increasing elastic restoring force is possible at festgehaltenem output (or input) of the coupling member. Furthermore, kinetic energy can be temporarily stored by the elasticity and thus at the entrance uniformly supplied energy is output non-uniformly again at the output.
Des Weiteren können die Kopplungsglieder mindestens eine träge Masse zwischen ihrem Eingang und ihrem Ausgang aufweisen, welche an der übertragenen Bewegung teilnimmt und auf diese durch ihre Massenträgheit Einfluß nimmt.Furthermore, the coupling elements can have at least one inertial mass between their input and their output, which participates in the transmitted motion and influences it by its mass inertia.
Ferner können die Kopplungsglieder mindestens eine zwischen ihrem Eingang und ihrem Ausgang wirkende Viskosität aufweisen, durch welche eine übertragene Bewegung unter Energieverbrauch gedämpft wird.Further, the coupling members may have at least one acting between its input and its output viscosity, by which a transmitted movement is attenuated energy consumption.
Die zwischen dem Eingang und dem Ausgang eines Kopplungsgliedes wirkenden Komponenten können ferner ein lineares oder ein nicht lineares Verhalten aufweisen. Derartige Charakteristiken können zum Beispiel mit den vorstehend erläuterten Komponenten (Elastizität, träge Masse, Dämpfung) erzielt werden.The acting between the input and the output of a coupling member components may also have a linear or a non-linear behavior. Such characteristics can be achieved, for example, with the above-described components (elasticity, inertial mass, damping).
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung des Nockenwellentriebs sind die mechanischen Parameter des Kopplungsgliedes extern veränderbar. Auf diese Weise kann die Charakteristik des Kopplungsgliedes zum Beispiel durch die Motorsteuerung derart eingestellt werden, daß eine gewünschte Ventilsteuerung bewirkt wird. Im Gegensatz zu bekannten variablen Nockenwellensteuerungen, bei denen über einen Aktuator von außen aktiv auf die Position der Nockenwelle Einfluß genommen wird, erfolgt vorliegend von außen nur eine Veränderung von Parametern, während das System ansonsten autonom bleibt.According to a development of the camshaft drive, the mechanical parameters of the coupling element can be changed externally. In this way, the characteristic of the coupling member can be adjusted, for example, by the engine controller so that a desired valve control is effected. In contrast to known variable camshaft control systems, in which the position of the camshaft is actively influenced by an external actuator, in the present case only a change in parameters takes place from the outside, while the system otherwise remains autonomous.
Vorzugsweise weist der Nockenwellentrieb (mindestens) zwei Nockenwellen auf, welche jeweils über eigene passive mechanische Kopplungsglieder mit dem Antriebselement der Kurbelwelle gekoppelt sind. Vorteilhafterweise sind die Kopplungsglieder dabei unterschiedlich ausgelegt, so daß diese ein unterschiedliches Eingangs-/Ausgangsverhalten zeigen. Eine der Nockenwellen kann dabei z. B. mit den Eingangsventilen und die andere Nockenwelle mit den Ausgangsventilen der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden sein. Das Öffnungsverhalten dieser Ventile läßt sich dann entsprechend den Kopplungsgliedern an den jeweiligen Nockenwellen separat variieren. Beispielsweise kann eine Frühverstellung der Eingangsventile bei gleichzeitiger Spätverstellung der Auslaßventile stattfinden.Preferably, the camshaft drive (at least) on two camshafts, which are each coupled via their own passive mechanical coupling members with the drive element of the crankshaft. Advantageously, the coupling members are designed differently so that they show a different input / output behavior. One of the camshafts can z. B. connected to the input valves and the other camshaft with the output valves of the internal combustion engine. The opening behavior of these valves can then be varied separately according to the coupling members on the respective camshafts. For example, an advance of the input valves take place with simultaneous retardation of the exhaust valves.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Nockenwellentrieb und dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren findet die rotatorische Oszillation der Nockenwelle gegenüber der Kurbelwelle drehzahlabhängig statt. D. h., daß die Oszillation hinsichtlich ihrer Amplitude und/oder Phasenlage abhängig von der jeweiligen Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle ist. Auf diese Weise kann - insbesondere bei geringen Motordrehzahlen - ein anderes Öffnungsverhalten der Ventile als bei höheren Motordrehzahlen erzielt werden.In the case of the camshaft drive according to the invention and the method according to the invention, the rotational oscillation of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft takes place as a function of rotational speed. This means that the oscillation is dependent on the respective rotational speed of the crankshaft with regard to its amplitude and / or phase position. In this way - especially at low engine speeds - a different opening behavior of the valves can be achieved than at higher engine speeds.
Wie oben im Zusammenhang mit dem Nockenwellentrieb erläutert wurde, kann bei entsprechender Auslegung der passiven Kopplung erreicht werden, daß sich das von der Nockenwelle bewirkte Öffnungsverhalten der Ventile in einer für den Motorbetrieb vorteilhaften Weise verändert. Das Verfahren ist dabei besonders einfach und robust, da keine externe Steuerung erforderlich ist.As explained above in connection with the camshaft drive, with an appropriate design of the passive coupling, it is possible to achieve that the opening behavior of the valves caused by the camshaft changes in a manner which is advantageous for engine operation. The method is particularly simple and robust, since no external control is required.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung mit Hilfe der Figuren beispielhaft näher erläutert.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch die Komponenten eines erfindungsgemäßen variablen Nockenwellentriebs;
- Fig. 2
- schematisch den Verlauf des Kurbelwellenwinkels αK und des zugehörigen Nockenwellenwinkels αN über der Zeit t bei verschiedenen Drehzahlen;
- Fig. 3
- die Ausgestaltung eines Kopplungsgliedes zwischen Kurbelwelle und Nockenwelle mit einer Serienschaltung einer trägen Masse und einer Elastizität;
- Fig. 4
- die Ausgestaltung eines Kopplungsgliedes zwischen Kurbelwelle und Nockenwelle mit der Serienschaltung einer Elastizität, einer trägen Masse und einer weiteren Elastizität, und
- Fig. 5
- die Ausgestaltung eines zusätzlich an der Nockenwelle angreifenden Kopplungsgliedes mit der Serienschaltung einer Elastizität und einer Masse.
Show it:
- Fig. 1
- schematically the components of a variable camshaft drive according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- schematically the course of the crankshaft angle α K and the associated camshaft angle α N over time t at different speeds;
- Fig. 3
- the embodiment of a coupling member between the crankshaft and the camshaft with a series circuit of an inertial mass and an elasticity;
- Fig. 4
- the configuration of a coupling member between the crankshaft and the camshaft with the series circuit of elasticity, an inertial mass and a further elasticity, and
- Fig. 5
- the embodiment of an additionally acting on the camshaft coupling member with the series circuit of an elasticity and a mass.
In
Bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nockenwellentrieben ist das Kopplungsglied A, A' so ausgebildet, daß es eine "inflexible" oder starre bzw. funktional eindeutige Kopplung zwischen dem Zahnrad 4 und der Nockenwelle 5, 5' bewirkt. Beispielsweise kann das Kopplungsglied beim Stand der Technik einfach als durchgehende feste Welle ausgebildet sein. Gegebenenfalls kann bei bekannten Systemen mit einer variablen Nockenwellensteuerung auch durch von außen steuerbare aktive Aktuatoren eine Veränderung der Phasenlage zwischen dem Eingang und dem Ausgang des Kopplungsgliedes bewirkt werden. Ohne aktiven Eingriff von außen bleibt diese Phasenverschiebung jedoch konstant, so daß bei herkömmlichen Nockenwellentrieben ein fester funktionaler Zusammenhang zwischen dem Winkel der Kurbelwelle und dem hieraus resultierenden Winkel der Nockenwelle besteht.In known from the prior art camshaft drives the coupling member A, A 'is formed so that it causes a "inflexible" or rigid or functionally unique coupling between the
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine derartige inflexible Kopplung zwischen Kurbelwelle 1 und Nockenwelle 5, 5' aufgehoben, indem das jeweilige Kopplungsglied A, A' als passives mechanisches Bauteil ausgelegt wird, das eine signifikante relative Positionsveränderung zwischen seinem Eingang und seinem Ausgang erlaubt und Bewegungsenergie zwischenspeichern kann. Dies hat zur Folge, daß sich die Nockenwelle 5, 5' in Grenzen unabhängig von der Kurbelwelle 1 drehen kann. Beim Betrieb des Nockenwellentriebs kann daher insbesondere eine rotatorische Oszillation der Nockenwelle 5, 5' relativ zur Drehung der Kurbelwelle 1 stattfinden.In the present invention, such inflexible coupling between the
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Nockenwellentrieb ist dies jedoch anders. Aufgrund der passiven mechanischen Eigenschaften des Kopplungsgliedes A, A' ist wie vorstehend erläutert eine rotatorische Oszillation der Nockenwelle 5, 5' relativ zur Bewegung der Kurbelwelle 1 möglich. Diese ist der von der Kurbelwelle übertragenen konstanten Drehung überlagert, so daß sich die in
Dabei ist bei diesem Verhalten besonders erwünscht, daß in der Start- bzw. Anlaßphase des Motors, d.h. bei geringen Drehzahlen, sich automatisch vorgegebene Öffnungszeiten einstellen, die einen problemlosen Motorstart ermöglichen. Bei herkömmlichen variablen Nockenwellentrieben sind hierzu aufwendige Verriegelungseinrichtungen erforderlich, um einen zuverlässigen Start des Motors mit einem definiertem Nockenwellenwinkel zu gewährleisten.It is particularly desirable in this behavior that in the starting phase of the engine, i. at low speeds, set automatically preset opening times, which allow a smooth engine start. In conventional variable camshaft gears this complex locking devices are required to ensure a reliable start of the engine with a defined camshaft angle.
Zurückkommend auf
Die Kopplungsglieder A und A' (ebenso B und B') an den verschiedenen Nockenwellen 5, 5' können verschieden ausgelegt sein, um ein unterschiedliches drehzahlabhängiges Verhalten zugehörigen Ventile zu erzeugen.The coupling members A and A '(also B and B') on the
In den
Bei der Ausführungsform des Kopplungsgliedes A, A' gemäß
Bei der Ausführungsform des Kopplungsgliedes A, A' gemäß
Die Realisierung des weiteren Kopplungsgliedes B, B' gemäß
Durch die Festlegung der Parameter der Kopplungsglieder A, A', B, B', d.h. bei den Beispielen der
Durch das drehzahlabhängige Oszillationsverhalten der Nockenwelle 5, 5' relativ zur Kurbelwelle 1 wird eine veränderliche Öffnungsdauer und Phasenlage der Ventilsteuerung erreicht, wobei der Ventilhub konstant bleibt. Der erfindungsgemäße Nockenwellentrieb kann auf diese Weise ausgehend von einer Basislänge der Ventilöffnung bei Leerlauf des Motors eine Änderung der Öffnungszeit hin zu einer maximalen Länge bei einer nominellen Drehzahl bewirken.By the speed-dependent oscillation behavior of the
Die Kopplungsglieder A, A', B, B' können sowohl lineare als auch nicht lineare Komponenten (Elastizitäten, Dämpfer etc.) enthalten. Ferner können diese Komponenten "aktiv" oder "passiv" ausgebildet sein, wobei "passive" Komponenten definitionsgemäß ihre Parameter nicht verändern, während die Parameter "aktiver" Komponenten von außen oder innen aktiviert und/oder geändert werden können. Beispiele für passive Komponenten sind Stahlfedern, Luftfedern oder Gummielemente. Beispiele für aktive Komponenten sind Dämpfer mit einer elektroaktiven Änderung des Dämpfungskoeffizienten, Luftfedern mit veränderbarem Druck und Wirbelstrombremsen.The coupling members A, A ', B, B' can contain both linear and nonlinear components (elasticities, dampers, etc.). Furthermore, these components may be "active" or "passive", with "passive" components by definition, do not change their parameters, while the parameters of "active" components can be activated and / or changed externally or internally. Examples of passive components are steel springs, air springs or rubber elements. Examples of active components are dampers with an electroactive change in the damping coefficient, variable-pressure air springs and eddy current brakes.
Claims (9)
- Variable camshaft mechanism for an internal combustion engine, containinga) a drive element (2) coupled to the crankshaft (1) of the internal combustion engine;b) at least one camshaft (5, 5'), coupled to the drive element (2), for controlling the valves of the internal combustion engine;the drive element (2) and the camshaft (5, 5') being connected to one another via a passive mechanical coupling member (A, A'); characterized in that the passive mechanical coupling member (A, A') is set up to cause the camshaft (5, 5') to oscillate rotationally in relation to the crankshaft (1) by ± 1° to ± 50° as a function of the rotational speed, in such a way that, at low rotational speeds, the values open for only a short time and with low overlap, whereas, at high-rotational speeds, longer opening times and/or a greater overlap of the opening times of inlet and outlet values are generated.
- Camshaft mechanism according to Claim 1, characterized in that a second passive mechanical coupling member (B, B') is coupled to the camshaft (5, 5').
- Camshaft mechanism according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coupling member (A, A', B, B') has at least one elasticity (C1, C2, C2', C3) acting between its input and its output.
- Camshaft mechanism according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coupling member (A, A', B, B') has at least one inert mass (M1, M2, M3) acting between its input and its output.
- Camshaft mechanism according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coupling member (A, A', B, B') has at least one viscosity acting between its input and its output.
- Camshaft mechanism according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the components (C1, C2, C2', C3, M1, M2, M3) acting between the input and the output of the coupling member (A, A', B, B') are linear and/or nonlinear.
- Camshaft mechanism according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mechanical parameters of the coupling member (A, A', B, B') can be varied externally.
- Camshaft mechanism according to at least one of Claims 1 to 7, which contains two camshafts (5, 5') which are coupled to the drive element (2) in each case via passive mechanical coupling members (A, A') having a preferably different design.
- Method for the variable control of the valve opening times of an internal combustion engine, the valves being actuated by a camshaft (5, 5') which is driven in rotation by the crankshaft (1) of the internal combustion engine, and the crankshaft (1) and the camshaft (5, 5') being coupled passively in such a way that the camshaft (5, 5') oscillates rotationally in relation to the crankshaft (1) characterized in that the crankshaft (1) and the camshaft (5, 5') are passively coupled in such a way that the camshaft (5, 5') oscillates rotationally in relation to the crankshaft (1) by ± 1° to ± 50° as a function of the rotational speed, and in such a way that, at low rotational speeds, the values open for only a short time and with low overlap, whereas, at high rotational speeds, longer opening times and/or a greater overlap of the opening times of inlet and outlet values are generated.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE50311827T DE50311827D1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2003-01-29 | VARIABLE CAMSHAFTS |
EP03100179A EP1443184B1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2003-01-29 | Variable camshaft drive |
JP2004019625A JP2004340125A (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2004-01-28 | Variable camshaft mechanism, and variable control method for valve opening timing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03100179A EP1443184B1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2003-01-29 | Variable camshaft drive |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1443184A1 EP1443184A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
EP1443184B1 true EP1443184B1 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
Family
ID=32605387
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03100179A Expired - Lifetime EP1443184B1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2003-01-29 | Variable camshaft drive |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1443184B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004340125A (en) |
DE (1) | DE50311827D1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1980468U (en) * | 1967-12-16 | 1968-03-07 | Basf Ag | WHEEL BODY MADE OF THERMOPLASTIC PLASTIC. |
WO1991005941A1 (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-05-02 | Rover Group Limited | An internal combustion engine camshaft drive mechanism |
DE19520508A1 (en) * | 1995-06-03 | 1996-12-05 | Audi Ag | Control belt or timing drive for IC engine |
DE19752194A1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-05-27 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | Interference measuring method between valve and butt |
US20020128099A1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2002-09-12 | Gerhard Winklhofer | Method and device for reducing vibrations of a control chain in a camshaft drive of an internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1095017A (en) * | 1965-04-28 | 1967-12-13 | John Robert Cribbs | Automatic variable valve timing device for internal combustion engines |
US4177773A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1979-12-11 | Cribbs John R | Damped automatic variable valve timing device for internal combustion engines |
JPS5969549A (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1984-04-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Device for restraining cam shaft vibration in internal-combustion engine |
US5235939A (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1993-08-17 | Ford Motor Company | Automotive engine torsional pulse enhancer |
DE19621460C1 (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1997-07-31 | Palsis Schwingungstechnik Gmbh | Cam shaft phasing gear, with damper housing, operating chamber and closure cover |
DE19815270A1 (en) | 1998-04-04 | 1999-10-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Camshaft drive of an internal combustion engine |
-
2003
- 2003-01-29 DE DE50311827T patent/DE50311827D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-29 EP EP03100179A patent/EP1443184B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-01-28 JP JP2004019625A patent/JP2004340125A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1980468U (en) * | 1967-12-16 | 1968-03-07 | Basf Ag | WHEEL BODY MADE OF THERMOPLASTIC PLASTIC. |
WO1991005941A1 (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-05-02 | Rover Group Limited | An internal combustion engine camshaft drive mechanism |
DE19520508A1 (en) * | 1995-06-03 | 1996-12-05 | Audi Ag | Control belt or timing drive for IC engine |
DE19752194A1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-05-27 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | Interference measuring method between valve and butt |
US20020128099A1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2002-09-12 | Gerhard Winklhofer | Method and device for reducing vibrations of a control chain in a camshaft drive of an internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1443184A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
JP2004340125A (en) | 2004-12-02 |
DE50311827D1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
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