EP1440238B1 - Fuel injection valve - Google Patents

Fuel injection valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1440238B1
EP1440238B1 EP02769886A EP02769886A EP1440238B1 EP 1440238 B1 EP1440238 B1 EP 1440238B1 EP 02769886 A EP02769886 A EP 02769886A EP 02769886 A EP02769886 A EP 02769886A EP 1440238 B1 EP1440238 B1 EP 1440238B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
injection valve
valve
fuel
projection
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EP02769886A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1440238A1 (en
Inventor
Volker Holzgrefe
Günther HOHL
Michael HÜBEL
Jürgen Stein
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • an outwardly opening fuel injection valve which has a conical sealing seat.
  • the valve needle has a central bore, which opens into a pressure chamber upstream of the pressure chamber.
  • An actuator which is designed as a piezoelectric actuator, is supported on the one hand against a nozzle body and on the other hand against a non-positively connected to the valve needle pressure shoulder.
  • a return spring holds the valve needle in a closed position. Upon excitation of the actuator, the valve needle is opened by longitudinal expansion thereof against the closing force of the return spring and sprayed fuel.
  • a disadvantage of the DE 195 34 445 A1 known fuel injection valve is in particular that the injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine fuel jet is conical and symmetrical to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve. An oblique injection as well as an asymmetric deformation of the Cone jet, for example, to compensate for a tight installation position of the fuel injection valve is not possible here.
  • JP 04 179855 A discloses an air pressure valve.
  • an air jet is introduced from a partial opening of the nozzle with a tip of the conical valve seat disposed within the valve seat.
  • the tip is shaped to form a small orifice angle jet while another airflow is introduced from a partial orifice of the needle, the tip of the conical valve seat being substantially flush with the valve end Valve front is when the valve has maximum lift.
  • the airflow has a large opening angle.
  • the opening angle of the fuel spray injected from an injection nozzle is small, the fuel is injected along an air jet. As a result, a fuel spray having a small injection angle is partially formed. If the opening angle of the injected fuel jet is large, the injected fuel no longer runs along the air jet, but merges with the air jet to form a conical overall jet.
  • DE 44 05 921 A1 relates to an injector with a nozzle orifice completely or partially enclosing deflector, which has the task of deflecting an emerging from the nozzle rotationally symmetric beam such that the combustion chamber of the engine is uniformly detected by the fuel.
  • the injection nozzle is characterized in that at the level of the nozzle orifice Ablenker is arranged, which deflects the injection jet according to the nozzle installation position and the combustion chamber geometry in order to achieve a desired fuel distribution.
  • the deflector may also be a ringwall surrounding the nozzle orifice and giving the beam axis a new direction. The ringwall can be interrupted at certain points in order to achieve a desired fuel distribution in the combustion chamber.
  • U.S. 5,577,473 discloses a fuel injector for supplying a fuel / gas mixture into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. This works with charge stratification in the combustion chamber and through a spark plug that ignites the fuel or fuel / air mixture introduced.
  • the fuel or the fuel / air mixture is injected under two jets in the combustion chamber.
  • the first jet is in the shape of an umbrella or cone and passes the spark plug, while the second jet, branched off from the first jet, brushes the spark plug.
  • the branch of the second jet is achieved by a recess of the guide surface of the injection valve body at the discharge end of the fuel injection valve. Thereby, a fuel-rich fuel / air mixture is provided in the vicinity of the spark of the spark plug.
  • the problem to be solved is to design a fuel injector which can also be used in narrow installation spaces and which can deform the fuel jet with the simplest means so that the spark plug is not injected directly.
  • the fuel injection valve according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that by simple measures on the contour of the nozzle body an oblique injection at any angle ⁇ and a targeted deformation of the injected mixture cloud is possible.
  • a projection which partially or completely surrounds the sealing seat, which projection can be designed in accordance with the requirements of the shape and direction of the fuel jet.
  • the projection has a recess whose longitudinal axis is inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve. By a more or less strong inclination of the axes against each other, any injection angle can be realized.
  • the projection is annular.
  • the projection is either integrally formed with the nozzle body in a simple manner or fixed thereto by means of a suitable technique such as welding or soldering.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated first embodiment of a fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention is carried out in the form of a fuel injection valve 1 for fuel injection systems of mixture-compression, spark-ignition internal combustion engines.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is suitable in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 consists of a housing body 2 and a nozzle body 3, in which a valve needle 4 is arranged.
  • the valve needle 4 is available a valve closing body 5 in operative connection, which cooperates with a valve seat surface 6 to a sealing seat.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 in the exemplary embodiment is an outwardly opening fuel injection valve 1.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 has an actuator 7, which in the exemplary embodiment is designed as a piezoelectric actuator 7.
  • the actuator is supported, on the one hand, on the housing body and, on the other hand, on a shoulder 8 operatively connected to the valve needle 4. Downstream of the shoulder 8, a return spring 9 is arranged, which in turn is supported on the nozzle body 3.
  • the valve needle 4 has a fuel channel 10, through which the fuel supplied by an inlet-side central fuel supply 11 is led to the sealing seat.
  • a swirl chamber 12 is formed, into which the fuel channel 10 opens.
  • the shoulder 8 In the idle state of the fuel injection valve 1, the shoulder 8 is acted upon by the force of the return spring 9 against the stroke direction so that the valve closing body 5 is held on the valve seat surface 6 in sealing engagement. Upon excitation of the piezoelectric actuator 7, this expands in the axial direction against the spring force of the return spring 9, so that the shoulder 8 is moved in the stroke direction with the valve needle 4, which is non-positively connected to the shoulder 8.
  • the valve closing body 5 lifts off from the valve seat surface 6, and the guided over the fuel passage 10 fuel is hosed.
  • the valve closing body 5 is seated on the valve seat surface 6 and the fuel injection valve 1 is closed.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 at a downstream end 13 on a valve closing body 5 at least partially comprehensive projection 14.
  • the projection 14 is designed so that it completely encloses the valve closing body 5 and thereby forms an annular structure.
  • the projection 14 has a recess whose longitudinal axis is inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve 1.
  • the recess is formed obliquely conical in the embodiment and expands towards the combustion chamber.
  • the projection 14 may be integrally formed with the downstream end 13 and with the nozzle body 3 of the fuel injection valve 1, as shown in the first embodiment, or subsequently attached by means of a suitable technique such as soldering or welding.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a not inventively designed fuel injector 1.
  • the same components are provided with matching reference numerals.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 can be designed identically to the first exemplary embodiment in the second exemplary embodiment, so that a repetitive description of already explained components is unnecessary.
  • the projection 14, which forms an annular structure in the first embodiment, is formed only in a position of the downstream end 13 of the fuel injection valve 1 in the form of a pin 17.
  • Fig. 3 is the downstream end 13 of the fuel injection valve 1 according to the in Fig. 2 Shown with III section shown in a rotated by 90 ° view, whereby the extension of the pin 17 is illustrated.
  • the pin 17 may be formed integrally with the nozzle body 3 or subsequently fixed, for example by welding or soldering to this.
  • Fig. 4 shows a mixture cloud 15, which by means of in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment of the fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention is injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Due to the shielding effect of the pin 17, the mixture cloud 15 in this area a dent 16, which may for example be arranged so that a arranged in the vicinity of the fuel injection valve 1 spark plug is not injected directly, whereby the coking of the spark plug is reduced.
  • the mixture cloud 15 can also be further deformed by the arrangement of a plurality of pins 17 at arbitrary locations of the discharge end 13 of the fuel injection valve 1, for example, if several spark plugs are present or the arrangement of the intake and exhaust valves make this seem necessary.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments and z. B. also for Electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valves 1 applicable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel injection valve (1) for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Said valve comprises a valve needle (4) which is guided in a nozzle body (3), can be controlled by an actuator (7), and is acted upon by a return spring (9) in such a way that a valve closing body (5) which is co-operatively connected to the valve needle (4) rests against a valve seat surface (6) in a sealing manner. A projection (14) is formed on a downstream-side end (13) of the fuel injection valve (1), projecting past the valve closing body (5) of the fuel injection valve (1).

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of the main claim.

Beispielsweise ist aus der DE 195 34 445 A1 ein nach außen öffnendes Brennstoffeinspritzventil bekannt, welches einen kegeligen Dichtsitz aufweist. Die Ventilnadel weist eine Zentralbohrung auf, welche in eine dem Dichtsitz vorgelagerte Druckkammer mündet. Ein Aktor, der als piezoelektrischer Aktor ausgeführt ist, stützt sich einerseits gegen einen Düsenkörper und andrerseits gegen eine mit der Ventilnadel kraftschlüssig verbundene Druckschulter ab. Eine Rückstellfeder hält die Ventilnadel in einer Schließstellung. Bei Erregung des Aktors wird durch Längenausdehnung desselben die Ventilnadel gegen die schließende Kraft der Rückstellfeder geöffnet und Brennstoff abgespritzt.For example, is from the DE 195 34 445 A1 an outwardly opening fuel injection valve is known, which has a conical sealing seat. The valve needle has a central bore, which opens into a pressure chamber upstream of the pressure chamber. An actuator, which is designed as a piezoelectric actuator, is supported on the one hand against a nozzle body and on the other hand against a non-positively connected to the valve needle pressure shoulder. A return spring holds the valve needle in a closed position. Upon excitation of the actuator, the valve needle is opened by longitudinal expansion thereof against the closing force of the return spring and sprayed fuel.

Nachteilig bei dem aus der DE 195 34 445 A1 bekannten Brennstoffeinspritzventil ist insbesondere, daß der in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzten Brennstoffstrahl kegelförmig und symmetrisch zu einer Längsachse des Brennstoffeinspritzventils ist. Eine schräge Einspritzung sowie eine asymmetrische Verformung des Kegelstrahls beispielsweise zur Kompensation einer engen Einbaulage des Brennstoffeinspritzventils ist hierbei nicht möglich.A disadvantage of the DE 195 34 445 A1 known fuel injection valve is in particular that the injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine fuel jet is conical and symmetrical to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve. An oblique injection as well as an asymmetric deformation of the Cone jet, for example, to compensate for a tight installation position of the fuel injection valve is not possible here.

JP 04 179855 A offenbart ein Luftdruckventil. Um eine gute Verbrennung durch das Vergrößern des Körpers eines Ventils zu erzielen, wird ein Luftstrahl von einer Teilöffnung der Düse eingeleitet, wobei eine Spitze des konischen Ventilsitzes innerhalb des Ventilsitzes angeordnet ist. Wenn das Ventil maximalen Hub hat, ist die Spitze so geformt, dass sich ein Strahl mit kleinem Öffnungswinkel bildet, während ein weiterer Luftstrom von einer Teilöffnung der Nadel eingeleitet wird, wobei die Spitze des konischen Ventilsitzes zum Ventilende hin im Wesentlichen auf gleicher Höhe mit der Ventilvorderseite ist, wenn das Ventil maximalen Hub hat. Wenn das Ventil maximalen Hub hat, hat der Luftstrom einen großen Öffnungswinkel. Wenn der Öffnungswinkel des Kraftstoffstrahls, der von einer Einspritzdüse eingespritzt wird, klein ist, wird der Kraftstoff entlang eines Luftstrahls einspritzt. Infolgedessen wird teilweise ein Kraftstoffstrahl mit einem kleinen Spritzenwinkel gebildet. Wenn der Öffnungswinkel des eingespritzten Kraftstoffstrahls groß ist, läuft der eingespritzte Kraftstoff nicht mehr entlang des Luftstrahls, sondern vereinigt sich mit dem Luftstrahl zu einem kegelförmigen Gesamtstrahl. JP 04 179855 A discloses an air pressure valve. To achieve good combustion by enlarging the body of a valve, an air jet is introduced from a partial opening of the nozzle with a tip of the conical valve seat disposed within the valve seat. When the valve has maximum lift, the tip is shaped to form a small orifice angle jet while another airflow is introduced from a partial orifice of the needle, the tip of the conical valve seat being substantially flush with the valve end Valve front is when the valve has maximum lift. When the valve has maximum lift, the airflow has a large opening angle. When the opening angle of the fuel spray injected from an injection nozzle is small, the fuel is injected along an air jet. As a result, a fuel spray having a small injection angle is partially formed. If the opening angle of the injected fuel jet is large, the injected fuel no longer runs along the air jet, but merges with the air jet to form a conical overall jet.

DE 44 05 921 A1 betrifft eine Einspritzdüse mit einem die Düsenmündung vollständig oder teilweise umschließenden Ablenker, der die Aufgabe hat, einen aus der Düse austretenden rotationssymmetrischen Strahl derart abzulenken, dass der Brennraum des Motors gleichmäßig vom Kraftstoff erfasst wird. Die Einspritzdüse ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich in Höhe der Düsenmündung ein Ablenker angeordnet ist, der den Einspritzstrahl entsprechend der Düseneinbaulage und der Brennraumgeometrie ablenkt, um eine gewünschte Brennstoffverteilung zu erreichen. Der Ablenker kann auch ein Ringwall sein, der die Düsenmündung umschließt und der Strahlachse eine neue Richtung gibt. Der Ringwall kann an bestimmten Stellen unterbrochen ist, um im Brennraum eine gewünschte Brennstoffverteilung zu erreichen. DE 44 05 921 A1 relates to an injector with a nozzle orifice completely or partially enclosing deflector, which has the task of deflecting an emerging from the nozzle rotationally symmetric beam such that the combustion chamber of the engine is uniformly detected by the fuel. The injection nozzle is characterized in that at the level of the nozzle orifice Ablenker is arranged, which deflects the injection jet according to the nozzle installation position and the combustion chamber geometry in order to achieve a desired fuel distribution. The deflector may also be a ringwall surrounding the nozzle orifice and giving the beam axis a new direction. The ringwall can be interrupted at certain points in order to achieve a desired fuel distribution in the combustion chamber.

US 5 577 473 offenbart ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil für die Zuführung eines Brennstoff/Gasgemisches in eine Brennkammer eines Verbrennungsmotors. Dieser funktioniert mit einer Ladungs-Stratifizierung im Verbrennungsraum und durch eine Zündkerze, die den eingeleiteten Brennstoff oder das Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch entzündet. Um die Zündung des Brennstoff/Luftgemisches in der Brennkammer zu gewährleisten, wird der Brennstoff oder das Brennstoff/Luftgemisch unter zwei Strahlen in den Brennraum eingespritzt. Der erste Strahl hat die Form eines Regenschirms oder eines Kegels und führt an der Zündkerze vorbei, während der zweite Strahl, der vom ersten Strahl abgezweigt wird, die Zündkerze streift. Die Abzweigung des zweiten Strahls wird durch eine Ausnehmung der Führungsfläche des Einspritzventilkörpers am abspritzseitigen Ende des Brennstoffeinspritzventils erzielt. Dadurch wird ein brennstoffreiches Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch in der Nähe des Zündfunkens der Zündkerze bereitgestellt. U.S. 5,577,473 discloses a fuel injector for supplying a fuel / gas mixture into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. This works with charge stratification in the combustion chamber and through a spark plug that ignites the fuel or fuel / air mixture introduced. In order to ensure the ignition of the fuel / air mixture in the combustion chamber, the fuel or the fuel / air mixture is injected under two jets in the combustion chamber. The first jet is in the shape of an umbrella or cone and passes the spark plug, while the second jet, branched off from the first jet, brushes the spark plug. The branch of the second jet is achieved by a recess of the guide surface of the injection valve body at the discharge end of the fuel injection valve. Thereby, a fuel-rich fuel / air mixture is provided in the vicinity of the spark of the spark plug.

Nachteilig an US 5 577 473 ist, dass das Brennstoffeinspritzventil die Zündkerze berührt und so die Verkokung beschleunigt. Außerdem ist das Brennstoffeinspritzventil durch seine massige Konstruktion für enge Einbaulagen nicht geeignet, da der Brennstoffstrahl im Wesentlichen gerade in die Brennkammer eingespritzt wird. Zudem sind die Einbaumöglichkeiten des Brennstoffeinspritzventils begrenzt, da der Brennstoffstrahl stets auch in Richtung der Hauptachse des Brennstoffeinspritzventils verläuft.Disadvantageous U.S. 5,577,473 is that the fuel injector touches the spark plug, thus accelerating the coking. In addition, the fuel injector is not suitable for its tight construction due to its massive construction, as the Fuel jet is injected substantially straight into the combustion chamber. In addition, the installation options of the fuel injection valve are limited, since the fuel jet always runs in the direction of the main axis of the fuel injection valve.

Die zu lösende Aufgabe ist es, ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil zu konstruieren, das auch in eng begrenzten Einbauräumen eingesetzt werden kann und das den Brennstoffstrahl mit einfachsten Mitteln so verformen kann, dass die Zündkerze nicht direkt angespritzt wird.The problem to be solved is to design a fuel injector which can also be used in narrow installation spaces and which can deform the fuel jet with the simplest means so that the spark plug is not injected directly.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß durch einfache Maßnahmen an der Kontur des Düsenkörpers eine schräge Einspritzung unter einem beliebigen Winkel γ sowie eine gezielte Verformung der eingespritzten Gemischwolke möglich ist.The fuel injection valve according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that by simple measures on the contour of the nozzle body an oblique injection at any angle γ and a targeted deformation of the injected mixture cloud is possible.

Dies ist durch einen den Dichtsitz teilweise oder vollständig umfassenden Vorsprung realisierbar, welcher entsprechend den Anforderungen an die Form und Richtung des Brennstoffstrahls gestaltet werden kann. Der Vorsprung hat eine Ausnehmung, dessen Längsachse gegenüber einer Längsachse des Brennstoffeinspritzventils geneigt ist. Durch eine mehr oder weniger starke Neigung der Achsen gegeneinander können beliebige Einspritzwinkel realisiert werden.This can be achieved by a projection which partially or completely surrounds the sealing seat, which projection can be designed in accordance with the requirements of the shape and direction of the fuel jet. The projection has a recess whose longitudinal axis is inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve. By a more or less strong inclination of the axes against each other, any injection angle can be realized.

Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzventils möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous developments of the fuel injection valve specified in the main claim are possible.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Vorsprung ringförmig ausgebildet.Advantageously, the projection is annular.

Der Vorsprung ist in einfacher Weise entweder einstückig mit dem Düsenkörper ausgebildet oder mittels einer geeigneten Technik wie Schweißen oder Löten an diesem fixiert.The projection is either integrally formed with the nozzle body in a simple manner or fixed thereto by means of a suitable technique such as welding or soldering.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Schnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffeinspritzventils,
Fig. 2
einen schematischen Schnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines nicht erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffeinspritzventils,
Fig. 3
einen schematischen Ausschnitt aus dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eines nicht erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils im Bereich III in Fig. 2 in einer gedrehten Ansicht, und
Fig. 4
eine schematische Darstellung einer mittels des in den Fig. 2 und 3 dargestellten erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffeinspritzventils in den Brennraum eingespritzten Gemischwolke.
Embodiments of the invention are shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic section through a first embodiment of an inventively designed fuel injector,
Fig. 2
FIG. 2 shows a schematic section through an exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection valve not designed according to the invention, FIG.
Fig. 3
a schematic section of the in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment of a non-inventive fuel injection valve in the area III in Fig. 2 in a rotated view, and
Fig. 4
a schematic representation of a means of the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 represented inventively designed fuel injection valve in the combustion chamber injected mixture cloud.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Ein in Fig. 1 dargestelltes erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 ist in der Form eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von gemischverdichtenden, fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschinen ausgeführt. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 eignet sich insbesondere zum direkten Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einen nicht dargestellten Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine.An in Fig. 1 illustrated first embodiment of a fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention is carried out in the form of a fuel injection valve 1 for fuel injection systems of mixture-compression, spark-ignition internal combustion engines. The fuel injection valve 1 is suitable in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine.

Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 besteht aus einem Gehäusekörper 2 und einem Düsenkörper 3, in welchem eine Ventilnadel 4 angeordnet ist. Die Ventilnadel 4 steht mit einem Ventilschließkörper 5 in Wirkverbindung, der mit einer Ventilsitzfläche 6 zu einem Dichtsitz zusammenwirkt. Bei dem Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 handelt es sich im Ausführungsbeispiel um ein nach außen öffnendes Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 weist einen Aktor 7 auf, der im Ausführungsbeispiel als piezoelektrischer Aktor 7 ausgeführt ist. Der Aktor stützt sich einerseits an dem Gehäusekörper und andererseits an einer mit der Ventilnadel 4 in Wirkverbindung stehenden Schulter 8 ab. Abströmseitig der Schulter 8 ist eine Rückstellfeder 9 angeordnet, welche sich ihrerseits an dem Düsenkörper 3 abstützt.The fuel injection valve 1 consists of a housing body 2 and a nozzle body 3, in which a valve needle 4 is arranged. The valve needle 4 is available a valve closing body 5 in operative connection, which cooperates with a valve seat surface 6 to a sealing seat. The fuel injection valve 1 in the exemplary embodiment is an outwardly opening fuel injection valve 1. The fuel injection valve 1 has an actuator 7, which in the exemplary embodiment is designed as a piezoelectric actuator 7. The actuator is supported, on the one hand, on the housing body and, on the other hand, on a shoulder 8 operatively connected to the valve needle 4. Downstream of the shoulder 8, a return spring 9 is arranged, which in turn is supported on the nozzle body 3.

Die Ventilnadel 4 weist einen Brennstoffkanal 10 auf, durch welchen der durch eine zulaufseitige zentrale Brennstoffzufuhr 11 zugeleitete Brennstoff zum Dichtsitz geführt wird. Zuströmseitig des Dichtsitzes ist eine Drallkammer 12 ausgebildet, in welche der Brennstoffkanal 10 ausmündet.The valve needle 4 has a fuel channel 10, through which the fuel supplied by an inlet-side central fuel supply 11 is led to the sealing seat. On the inflow side of the sealing seat, a swirl chamber 12 is formed, into which the fuel channel 10 opens.

Im Ruhezustand des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 wird die Schulter 8 durch die Kraft der Rückstellfeder 9 entgegen der Hubrichtung so beaufschlagt, daß der Ventilschließkörper 5 an der Ventilsitzfläche 6 in dichtender Anlage gehalten wird. Bei Erregung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 7 dehnt sich dieser in axialer Richtung entgegen der Federkraft der Rückstellfeder 9 aus, so daß die Schulter 8 mit der Ventilnadel 4, welche mit der Schulter 8 kraftschlüssig verbunden ist, in Hubrichtung bewegt wird. Der Ventilschließkörper 5 hebt von der Ventilsitzfläche 6 ab, und der über den Brennstoffkanal 10 geführte Brennstoff wird abgespritzt.In the idle state of the fuel injection valve 1, the shoulder 8 is acted upon by the force of the return spring 9 against the stroke direction so that the valve closing body 5 is held on the valve seat surface 6 in sealing engagement. Upon excitation of the piezoelectric actuator 7, this expands in the axial direction against the spring force of the return spring 9, so that the shoulder 8 is moved in the stroke direction with the valve needle 4, which is non-positively connected to the shoulder 8. The valve closing body 5 lifts off from the valve seat surface 6, and the guided over the fuel passage 10 fuel is hosed.

Wird der Erregerstrom abgeschaltet, reduziert sich die axiale Ausdehnung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 7, wodurch die Ventilnadel 4 durch den Druck der Rückstellfeder 9 entgegen der Hubrichtung bewegt wird. Der Ventilschließkörper 5 setzt auf der Ventilsitzfläche 6 auf und das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 wird geschlossen. Erfindungsgemäß weist das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 an einem abströmseitigen Ende 13 einen den Ventilschließkörper 5 zumindest teilweise umfassenden Vorsprung 14 auf. Im vorliegenden ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Vorsprung 14 so ausgeführt, daß er den Ventilschließkörper 5 zur Gänze umschließt und dabei eine ringförmige Struktur bildet. Der Vorsprung 14 hat eine Ausnehmung, dessen Längsachse gegenüber einer Längsachse des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 geneigt ist. Durch diese Ausführung des Vorsprungs 14 kann ein die Abspritzrichtung des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 definierender Winkel γ beliebig eingestellt werden. Schrägeinspritzende Brennstoffeinspritzventile 1 sind insbesondere dort wichtig, wo der Einbauraum begrenzt oder eine Zündkerze, welche nicht direkt angespritzt werden darf, in unmittelbarer Nähe des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 angeordnet ist.If the excitation current is switched off, the axial extent of the piezoelectric actuator 7 is reduced, as a result of which the valve needle 4 is moved counter to the stroke direction by the pressure of the return spring 9. The valve closing body 5 is seated on the valve seat surface 6 and the fuel injection valve 1 is closed. According to the invention, the fuel injection valve 1 at a downstream end 13 on a valve closing body 5 at least partially comprehensive projection 14. In the present first embodiment, the projection 14 is designed so that it completely encloses the valve closing body 5 and thereby forms an annular structure. The projection 14 has a recess whose longitudinal axis is inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve 1. As a result of this embodiment of the projection 14, it is possible to arbitrarily set an angle γ which defines the spray-discharge direction of the fuel injection valve 1. Obliquely injecting fuel injection valves 1 are particularly important where the installation space limited or a spark plug, which may not be injected directly, is located in the immediate vicinity of the fuel injection valve 1.

Die Ausnehmung ist im Ausführungsbeispiel schräg kegelförmig ausgebildet und erweitert sich zum Brennraum hin.The recess is formed obliquely conical in the embodiment and expands towards the combustion chamber.

Der Vorsprung 14 kann dabei mit dem abströmseitigen Ende 13 bzw. mit dem Düsenkörper 3 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1, wie im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, einstückig ausgebildet oder nachträglich mittels einer geeigneten Technik wie Löten oder Schweißen angebracht sein.The projection 14 may be integrally formed with the downstream end 13 and with the nozzle body 3 of the fuel injection valve 1, as shown in the first embodiment, or subsequently attached by means of a suitable technique such as soldering or welding.

Fig. 2 zeigt in einer Schnittdarstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines nicht erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1. Gleiche Bauteile sind mit übereinstimmenden Bezugszeichen versehen. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 kann im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel abgesehen von den erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen identisch mit dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ausgeführt sein, so daß sich eine wiederholende Beschreibung bereits erläuterter Bauteile erübrigt. Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a not inventively designed fuel injector 1. The same components are provided with matching reference numerals. Apart from the measures according to the invention, the fuel injection valve 1 can be designed identically to the first exemplary embodiment in the second exemplary embodiment, so that a repetitive description of already explained components is unnecessary.

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Vorsprung 14, welcher im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eine ringförmige Struktur bildet, nur mehr an einer Stelle des abströmseitigen Endes 13 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 in Form eines Zapfens 17 ausgebildet. Durch eine geeignete Wahl der axialen Länge sowie des durch den Zapfen 17 abgedeckten Winkelbereiches kann eine Verformung der in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzten Gemischwolke erzielt werden.In the present embodiment, the projection 14, which forms an annular structure in the first embodiment, is formed only in a position of the downstream end 13 of the fuel injection valve 1 in the form of a pin 17. By a suitable choice of the axial length and the angle range covered by the pin 17, a deformation of the mixture cloud injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine can be achieved.

In Fig. 3 ist das abströmseitige Ende 13 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 gemäß dem in Fig. 2 mit III bezeichneten Ausschnitt in einer um 90° gedrehten Ansicht dargestellt, wodurch die Ausdehnung des Zapfens 17 verdeutlicht wird. Der Zapfen 17 kann mit dem Düsenkörper 3 entweder einstückig ausgebildet sein oder nachträglich beispielsweise mittels Schweißen oder Löten an diesem fixiert sein.In Fig. 3 is the downstream end 13 of the fuel injection valve 1 according to the in Fig. 2 Shown with III section shown in a rotated by 90 ° view, whereby the extension of the pin 17 is illustrated. The pin 17 may be formed integrally with the nozzle body 3 or subsequently fixed, for example by welding or soldering to this.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Gemischwolke 15, welche mittels des in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird. Durch die abschirmende Wirkung des Zapfens 17 weist die Gemischwolke 15 in diesem Bereich eine Delle 16 auf, welche beispielsweise so angeordnet sein kann, daß eine in der Nachbarschaft des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 angeordnete Zündkerze nicht direkt angespritzt wird, wodurch die Verkokung der Zündkerze reduziert wird. Fig. 4 shows a mixture cloud 15, which by means of in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment of the fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention is injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Due to the shielding effect of the pin 17, the mixture cloud 15 in this area a dent 16, which may for example be arranged so that a arranged in the vicinity of the fuel injection valve 1 spark plug is not injected directly, whereby the coking of the spark plug is reduced.

Die Gemischwolke 15 kann auch durch die Anordnung mehrerer Zapfen 17 an beliebigen Stellen des abspritzseitigen Endes 13 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 weiter verformt werden, wenn beispielsweise mehrere Zündkerzen vorhanden sind oder die Anordnung der Ein- und Auslaßventile dies als notwendig erscheinen läßt.The mixture cloud 15 can also be further deformed by the arrangement of a plurality of pins 17 at arbitrary locations of the discharge end 13 of the fuel injection valve 1, for example, if several spark plugs are present or the arrangement of the intake and exhaust valves make this seem necessary.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt und z. B. auch für elektromagnetisch betätigbare Brennstoffeinspritzventile 1 anwendbar.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments and z. B. also for Electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valves 1 applicable.

Claims (6)

  1. Fuel injection valve (1) with the direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with a valve needle (4) which is arranged in a nozzle body (3), can be actuated by an actuator (7) and is acted upon by a restoring spring (9) in such a manner that, in the unactuated state of the actuator (7), a valve closing body (5) which is operatively connected to the valve needle (4) and faces the combustion chamber is kept in sealing contact against a valve seat surface (6), wherein a projection (14) which protrudes over the valve closing body (5) is formed at a discharge end (13) of the fuel injection valve (1), characterized in that the projection (14) has a recess, the longitudinal axis of which is inclined by an angle (γ) in relation to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve (1) in such a manner that the recess has an undercut.
  2. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the projection (14) at least partially surrounds the valve closing body (5).
  3. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 2, characterized in that the projection (14) is of annular design.
  4. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 3, characterized in that the recess is of conical design and widens towards the combustion chamber.
  5. Fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the projection (14; 17) is formed integrally with the nozzle body (3) of the fuel injection valve (1).
  6. Fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the projection (14; 17) is fixed to the discharge end (13) of the fuel injection valve (1) by means of soldering or welding.
EP02769886A 2001-10-24 2002-08-22 Fuel injection valve Expired - Lifetime EP1440238B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10152415 2001-10-24
DE10152415A DE10152415A1 (en) 2001-10-24 2001-10-24 Fuel injector
PCT/DE2002/003073 WO2003038272A1 (en) 2001-10-24 2002-08-22 Fuel injection valve

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EP1440238A1 EP1440238A1 (en) 2004-07-28
EP1440238B1 true EP1440238B1 (en) 2011-10-12

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JP (1) JP4460895B2 (en)
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US7581686B2 (en) 2009-09-01
DE10152415A1 (en) 2003-06-18
US20040075001A1 (en) 2004-04-22
JP4460895B2 (en) 2010-05-12
EP1440238A1 (en) 2004-07-28
WO2003038272A1 (en) 2003-05-08
JP2005507054A (en) 2005-03-10

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