EP1434976A1 - KAMERAKOPF ZUR SCHNELLEN AUFZEICHNUNG VON SPEKTREN EINES UV−SPEKTROMETERS - Google Patents
KAMERAKOPF ZUR SCHNELLEN AUFZEICHNUNG VON SPEKTREN EINES UV−SPEKTROMETERSInfo
- Publication number
- EP1434976A1 EP1434976A1 EP02772361A EP02772361A EP1434976A1 EP 1434976 A1 EP1434976 A1 EP 1434976A1 EP 02772361 A EP02772361 A EP 02772361A EP 02772361 A EP02772361 A EP 02772361A EP 1434976 A1 EP1434976 A1 EP 1434976A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spectrometer
- camera head
- integrator
- time
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/58—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using luminescence generated by light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2889—Rapid scan spectrometers; Time resolved spectrometry
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for measuring the transport time of impurity particles in a plasma, comprising a spectrometer and a line camera.
- Spectrometer has an input slit.
- the spectral lines emitted by the impurity particles fall through the entrance slit.
- the spectral lines then fall on a diffraction grating.
- the spectral lines are reflected at different angles.
- the disassembled light signals emerging from the spectrometer are recorded by a position-resolving line camera.
- the transport time is calculated from the measurement information thus obtained.
- the spectrometer is in a vacuum atmosphere during operation.
- these ionized impurity particles - here called impurity ions - are excited by electron impact to emit characteristic spectral lines.
- the spectral lines of higher ionization levels occur with a time delay compared to the low ionization levels.
- This time delay between the occurrence of two spectral lines of different ionization levels Zi and Z 2 is a direct measure of the transport time that the impurity particles need for the radial transport between those radial positions ri and r 2 at which the emissivities of the spectral lines under consideration are located.
- the accuracy of the described method depends on the fact that as many different spectral lines of different ionization levels as possible can be observed simultaneously with a good signal / noise ratio and sufficient time resolution.
- a broad wavelength range in the VUV (10-100 nm) should be able to be processed by the spectrometer.
- the spectrometer should be able to measure with a high time resolution, in particular at least 1000 complete spectra per second.
- the efficiency of the spectrometer should be high, since the signal / noise ratio also depends on the photon statistics.
- the spectrometer should have sufficient wavelength resolution (line separation).
- the spectrometer should have a large dynamic range, since the intensities of the different spectral lines are very different.
- the spectrometer concept “SPRED” (Survey Poor Resolution Extended Domain) was found as the closest prior art, which is currently best able to meet the requirements mentioned, and is described in the work of Fonck et al., Appl. Optics Vol (1982) and Stratton et al., Reviews of Scientific Instruments Vol. 57, page 2043ff (1986).
- the spectrometer concept can be briefly summarized as follows: The heart of the spectrometer is a diffraction grating from Jobin-Yvon with the following properties:
- Toroidal lattice substrate for reducing the geometric light losses through astigmatism. This increases efficiency.
- the grating lines are produced by open etching or holographically. This achieves high efficiency in the first diffraction order with extensive suppression of the higher diffraction orders. Furthermore, the imaging errors are reduced and a sharp spectrum is achieved in a plane with a width of 40 mm.
- the grating surface is coated with gold to increase the efficiency in the wavelength range below 30 nm.
- the two arm lengths of the spectrometer (this is the distance between the entrance slit grating and grating detector) are each chosen to be about 30 cm so that an instrument with a large wavelength range with sufficient wavelength resolution and a large one can be used for the grating sizes and line densities that can be produced Opening (f / 30) and thus high efficiency results.
- the diffraction grating produces images of the entrance slit on an imaging scale of approximately 1: 1.
- an open MCP detector (“multi-channel plate”) is used in the output plane of the spectrometer.
- the entire spectrometer is operated in a vacuum, since the radiation is in the wavelength range 10-100 nm is absorbed by all gases and all materials The operation of the open MCP detectors also requires a pressure below 10 ⁇ 6 mbar, so that a UHV setup is necessary for the spectrometer (UHV: ultra high vacuum).
- the object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset with which the transport of contaminants in a plasma can be measured more precisely than hitherto.
- the device according to the invention comprises a spectrometer, means for spatially resolving conversion of light emerging from the spectrometer into charge, an integrator circuit for spatially resolving integration of the charge, and means for displaying the position-dependent integrated charge.
- the integrator circuit is made up of discrete components.
- the inventor has recognized that in order to achieve the object, the integrator circuit in comparison to the prior Tech ⁇ technology must be amended.
- the inventor recognized that the previous path, namely integrated circuits, close, must be left and - the task can only be solved by building the integrator circuit from discrete components. Discrete components that are suitable for implementation result from the exemplary embodiment.
- a large dynamic range with high time resolution leads (because of the predefined values for noise level and "full-well-capacity" of the camera head to be connected) to high overall intensities of the amplified spectra on the output side, for which, for example, an open MCP detector must then be designed accordingly.
- MCP a single-stage standard MCP (a length / diameter ratio of the individual channels of 40: 1)
- EDR-MCP Extended dynamic ranks
- the length / diameter ratio of the individual channels is set in such a way that the overall gain is significantly greater than the inadequate gain mentioned.
- the MCP surface is preferably coated with CsJ.
- a special, very fast phosphor (type P46) is selected, the persistence / decay time (some 10 ⁇ s) of which is significantly below the desired time resolution of the overall system and which additionally has a high light output in the wavelength range in which the downstream camera head has its highest efficiency (approx. 500-700 nm).
- a high overall MCP gain of up to 10 5 can be achieved with high efficiency, high time resolution and acceptable spatial resolution (minimum spot size at the exit is approximately 60 ⁇ m).
- the diameter of the MCP and screen is chosen to be 40 mm (this is the largest standard diameter available) in such a way that the entire spectrum is mapped on it.
- the spectral lines appear on the surface of the phosphor screen as thin lines that can be seen with the naked eye (images of the entrance slit).
- the spatial resolution of the MCP essentially also determines the optimal width for the entrance slit, up to which the incident light quantity (and thus the efficiency of the overall system) can be increased without a noticeable additional deterioration in the wavelength resolution occurring.
- a width of 50 ⁇ m is therefore preferably chosen.
- the gap height is increased according to the invention. This requires (because of the 1: 1 image in the spectrometer) a camera head for recording the spectra, the sensor of which has the greatest possible height.
- a camera head / detector For the recording of the spectra in the output plane of the MCP detector (phosphor screen), a camera head / detector is preferred which detects the entire spectrum (large sensor wide) and as much light as possible (high sensor height, perpendicular to the direction of dispersion of the spectrometer).
- a camera head / detector For the recording of the spectra in the output plane of the MCP detector (phosphor screen), a camera head / detector is preferred which detects the entire spectrum (large sensor wide) and as much light as possible (high sensor height, perpendicular to the direction of dispersion of the spectrometer).
- CCDs two-dimensional detectors
- N-MOS sensor HAMAMATSU type S3904-1024F with fiber optic input window and with supply board type C4069 with a width of 25 mm (1024 pixels each 25 ⁇ m wide) and height of 2.5 mm as well as a specified one Pixel rate of up to 2 MHz.
- a first-generation image intensifier (“diode”) is included between the fiber-optic cross-section converter and the sensor Intermediate fiber-optic coupling in a further embodiment, which can bring about an additional linear light amplification by a factor 10-15 without significant loss in spatial resolution.
- a trigger pulse to start a spectrum must be applied to the "aster start” input.
- 6 trigger pulses per pixel must be present in order to "push out” the charge collected on a pixel.
- a measurement of 1000 spectra per second therefore requires an additional trigger signal for the spectral rate (1 kHz) and a trigger signal with ⁇ times the pixel rate, which at 1024 Pixels and 1000 spectra per second result in a trigger frequency of just above 6 MHz.
- a commercially available standard quartz (6.55 MHz) was selected for this task.
- FIGS 1 and 2 illustrate the basic structure.
- the following figures illustrate the electronics.
- the centerpiece is a switched (inverting) integrator, which consists of the fast operational amplifier IC2 (Burr-Brown
- the integrator is used for level adjustment, impedance conversion and inversion of the analog input signals
- the integrated measurement signal is then output via the power driver IC4 (Elantec EL 2003) to a BNC output socket (B2), whereby the IC4 module connects a long (here 30 m) BNC line with 50 ohms.
- the trigger electronics on the integrator board is structured as follows.
- Elements of the trigger electronics are on the integrator board which are used to switch the integrator at the right time (integrate / delete) and to output a trigger pulse for the data acquisition to be connected.
- a trigger signal (one pulse per pixel) coming from board C4069 is fed in via socket B4. This input signal is branched to ICs 5 and 6.
- the pulse for switching the integrator is generated on IC5 (monoflop 74HC221), with the potentiometer P 1 the start time of the erase pulse (set: 550 ns after the peak of the needle pulse) and the potentiometer P2 the duration of the erase pulse (set: 160 ns) continuously can be adjusted.
- the trigger pulse for the data acquisition_ to be connected is generated on IC 6 (timer module 74HC221), whereby the start time (set: 500 ns) can be set with potentiometer P3 and the pulse length (set: 100 ns) with P4.
- This trigger pulse is output via driver IC8 to BNC socket B3.
- the integrated signal is therefore deleted shortly (50 ns) after its measurement, and the integrator is then ready for measurement again in good time (approx. 710 ns after the peak of the previous pulse).
- the sheet of C4069 allows a master clock of a maximum of 6 * 2 MHz, aller- recently been selected according to the invention, a frequency of 6:55 MHz, the time between two successive pulses ⁇ needle as much as possible to enlarge and the timing for the Simplify operation of the integrator.
- the two clock frequencies required for the C4069 can be generated using programmable pulse generators.
- the "master start” and “master clock” pulses are first via the BNC sockets B5 or B8 and fast optocouplers (IC9, IC 10, each OPTOISOl).
- the "master start” signal is also inverted at IC7 (74S140), both signals are then forwarded via the sockets B6 and B7 to the board C4069. For reasons of space, these optocouplers were accommodated on the integrator board.
- the power supply is described in more detail below.
- the integrator board requires highly stabilized DC voltages +5 V, -% V, +15 V, -15 V and +6 V, which are generated on a separate board (inside the camera head).
- a mechanical housing contains the boards C4069, integrator board and power supply board.
- the C4069 board is movably mounted and is pressed onto the output of the fiber optic coupler on the MCP detector using a simple spring mechanism when the camera head is attached to the spectrometer in order to achieve good optical contact between the two light guides (input window of the line array / fiber optic coupler) , From the outside, an AC voltage (two 18 volts) is introduced into the housing via an insulated socket.
- the camera head works with a continuous spectra rate of 1000 per second at a pixel rate of 1.08 MHz and in practical operation reaches a dynamic range of the individual pixel (distance between noise and modulation limit) of 10-11 bit.
- the design of the individual components discussed above means that the limit of the linearity range of the MCP is reached when the IC OPA655 in the integrator board reaches its saturation (approx. 3 volts). When operating with data acquisition (measuring range 0 ... 5 volts), this corresponds to a usable linearity range of 2000 counts with approximately 1 count noise (i.e. 11 bit usable resolution of the overall system).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10150071 | 2001-10-10 | ||
| DE10150071A DE10150071A1 (de) | 2001-07-06 | 2001-10-10 | Kamerakopf zur schnellen Aufzeichnung von Spektren eines VUV-Spektrometers |
| PCT/EP2002/011153 WO2003034006A1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-10-04 | Kamerakopf zur schnellen aufzeichnung von spektren eines uv-spektrometers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1434976A1 true EP1434976A1 (de) | 2004-07-07 |
| EP1434976B1 EP1434976B1 (de) | 2008-01-09 |
Family
ID=7702098
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02772361A Expired - Lifetime EP1434976B1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-10-04 | Kamerakopf zur schnellen aufzeichnung von spektren eines vuv spektrometers |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7294842B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1434976B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005505773A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE383569T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE50211529D1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003034006A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2859279B1 (fr) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-11-25 | Jobin Yvon Sas | Dispositif et procede de mesure spectroscopique avec un dispositif d'imagerie comprenant une matrice de photodetecteurs |
| WO2009094584A1 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Devices useful for vacuum ultraviolet beam characterization |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL136808C (de) * | 1965-05-07 | |||
| JPS5714726A (en) * | 1980-07-01 | 1982-01-26 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | Measuring device for quantity of light |
| ES2038255T3 (es) | 1988-08-17 | 1993-07-16 | Hewlett-Packard Gmbh | Espectrometro con un conjunto ordenado de fotodiodos. |
| US5565982A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1996-10-15 | Recon Exploration | Apparatus and method for time resolved spectroscopy |
-
2002
- 2002-10-04 JP JP2003536695A patent/JP2005505773A/ja active Pending
- 2002-10-04 US US10/492,003 patent/US7294842B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-04 AT AT02772361T patent/ATE383569T1/de active
- 2002-10-04 WO PCT/EP2002/011153 patent/WO2003034006A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-10-04 DE DE50211529T patent/DE50211529D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-04 EP EP02772361A patent/EP1434976B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03034006A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050105086A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| EP1434976B1 (de) | 2008-01-09 |
| JP2005505773A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
| WO2003034006A1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
| ATE383569T1 (de) | 2008-01-15 |
| DE50211529D1 (de) | 2008-02-21 |
| US7294842B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 |
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