EP1432816A2 - Verwendung von wirksubstanzen zur prophylaxe und/oder therapie von erkrankungen, die mit zellwachstumsstörungen einhergehen, und testsystem zum auffinden solcher wirksubstanzen - Google Patents
Verwendung von wirksubstanzen zur prophylaxe und/oder therapie von erkrankungen, die mit zellwachstumsstörungen einhergehen, und testsystem zum auffinden solcher wirksubstanzenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1432816A2 EP1432816A2 EP02781109A EP02781109A EP1432816A2 EP 1432816 A2 EP1432816 A2 EP 1432816A2 EP 02781109 A EP02781109 A EP 02781109A EP 02781109 A EP02781109 A EP 02781109A EP 1432816 A2 EP1432816 A2 EP 1432816A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nlk
- kinase
- activity
- complex
- cop9
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6842—Proteomic analysis of subsets of protein mixtures with reduced complexity, e.g. membrane proteins, phosphoproteins, organelle proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/48—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase
- C12Q1/485—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase involving kinase
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of at least one active substance which modulates at least one kinase of the C0P9 / signalosome complex for the therapy and / or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with cell growth disorders and a test system for finding such active substances.
- kinases represent the essential components of the different signal transmission paths from the cell membrane to the cell nucleus and furthermore initiate the inactivation of proteins, their removal from the cell nucleus and their proteolytic degradation in the proteasomes of the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus.
- Nemo-like kinase (Nlk), for example, is known as such a kinase that intervenes in the regulatory processes.
- the Nlk has been described as part of the TAKl-Nlk-MAPK signaling pathway (Brott et al., PNAS USA 95, 963-968, 1998).
- TAK1 transforming growth sector activated kinase 1
- TCF T-cell factor
- LEF Lyphoid Enhancer Factor
- Nlk for the transcription activity of the TCF / LIF complex of the TAKl-Nlk-MAPK signal transmission path is thus known (Ishitani et al., Nature 399, 798-802, 1999). Furthermore, the Nlk inhibits the signal transmission path induced by Wnt. Inactivation can take place here by the proteolytic degradation of the proteins phosphorylated by Nlk in the proteasomes. Due to the increased degradation of these phosphorylated proteins (transcription factors), differentiation processes in the cell can be modulated depending on their promoter specificity.
- the COP9 / signalosome of the mammalian cell is a protein complex that interferes in such signal transmission paths in different ways.
- a special function of the C0P9 / signalosome complex appears to be its participation in the cellular degradation of proteins (Schwechheimer and Deng Semin., Cell Dev. Biol. 11, 495-503, 2000).
- the COP9 / signalosom complex consists of at least 8 subunits (CSN1-CSN8) and has kinase activity (Seeger et al., FASEB J, 12, 469-478, 1998). The functions of some of these subunits have been described.
- the overexpression of the subunit CSN1 inhibits the kinase activity of JNK and the activity of the Jun / Fos (AP-1) transcription complex (Tsuge et al., JMB 305, 1-9, 2001).
- Overexpression of the CSN2 subunit enhances the transcriptional activity of AP-1 by phosphorylation and activation of c-Jun (Naumann et al., J Biol Chem, 274 (50), 35297-35300, 1999), enhances the function of the free (non-hormone) -bound) thyroid hormone recipe as a repressor of transcription (Lee et al., Mol. Endocrinol. 9, 243254, 1995).
- the subunit CSN2 presumably represents the thyroid hormone receptorinteracting protein 15 (Trip 15), which binds to the interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) and phosphorylates it. This phosphorylation is necessary for the binding of the ICSBP to the interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and the repression of transcriptional activity caused thereby (Cohen et al., J Biol Chem, 275 (50), 39081-39089, 2000).
- the CSN5 subunit has a variety of functions: as "Jun-activation domain-binding protein-1" (JAB-1), CSN5 stabilizes the interaction of the c-Jun protein in AP-1 with the AP-I- 5 promoter element. It also associates with the cytoplasmic domain of Intergrin LFA-1. When this integrin binds to components of the extracellular matrix, CSN5 is released and is given the opportunity to penetrate into the none in order to increase the AP-1 promoter activity here
- CSN5 is involved in the phosphorylation and translocation of the p27 protein into the cytoplasm and the proteolytic degradation there in the proteasomes.
- P27 inhibits the complexes of Cycline EA with cdk2 and cdkl. A decrease in p27
- CSN5 acts on the progesterone receptor and the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), stabilizes the complexes between the two and their DNA binding (Chaochereao et el., J Biol Chem 275, 8540-8548, 2000). CSN5 potentiates the activity
- CSN5 is involved in the protein degradation of the choriogonadotropin receptor. CSN5 is involved in the complex formation between Bcl-3 and NFkB and
- CSN5 binds to p53, induces its phosphorylation and proteolytic degradation (Bech-Otschir et al., Embo J 20, 1630-1639, 2001).
- the CSN6 subunit is identical to the human HIV-1 Vpr interacting protein (VIP) (Mahalingam et al., PNAS 95,
- Vpr causes a redistribution of the CSN6 from the nucleus to the nucleus periphery and a blockage of the cell division at the G2 / M phase transition. It is not yet known whether the respective CSN proteins perform the function assigned to them alone or in combination.
- Such diseases can be related, for example, to uncontrolled or undesired cell proliferation, for example in the case of tumor diseases, leukaemias, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid diseases, skin diseases, in particular psoriasis, organ rejection or immune reactions, or uncontrolled cell death, for example in the case of viral and bacterial infectious diseases, Alzheimer's , Creutzfeld-Jakob syndrome, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal muscular atrophies, diabetic neuropathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or cerebral ischemia. It is also of particular interest to answer the question of which building blocks of the
- the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of specifying a method for identifying substances which modulate the C0P9 / signalosome complex. Furthermore, the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying substances and medicaments which are suitable for the treatment of the above diseases.
- a molecule which is naturally dependent on a further member of the COP9 / signalosome complex, ie not Nlk, is a substance in a cell, in particular a wild-type cell, the is modulated directly or indirectly by the further member, for example induced, activated or inhibited (for example phosphorylated). These are in particular substances modulated by CSN1 to CSN8, as described above.
- the invention is based on a number of surprising findings. It was found that the Nlk, which was previously described as part of the TAKl-Nlk-MAPK signal transmission path, is also part of the C0P9 / Signallosom complex.
- the Nlk also has an inhibitory kinase activity for the COP9 / signalosome, which consists in the phosphorylation of a number of transcription factors, for example c-Jun, and results in inactivation of these transcription factors. Furthermore, it was found that Nlk phosphorylates those serines of c-Jun which are located at positions other than those serines which are phosphorylated by the kinases JNK or ERK (Guerrini et al., J Neurosci 17, 6057-6063, 1997; Schmidt -Ullrich et al., Development 122, 2117-2128, 1996).
- Nlk in the C0P9 / signalosome significantly reduced the activity of the transcription factor complex AP-1. This repression of transcription activity by Nlk was not limited to AP-1, but could also be proven for other transcription factors such as NFkB. Furthermore, it was found with the present invention that Nlk is connected to the subunits CSN7a and CSN7b of the COP9 / signalosome, 5 but does not have a direct connection to the CSN5 subunit. The surprising finding of the present invention that COP9 / signalosomes as well as the associated Nlk play a decisive role in the modulation of the activity of proteins which promote cell proliferation, cell differentiation
- control cell death for example NFkBAP-1
- TCF / LEF, p27, p53, Vpr, ICSBP and SRC-1 has led to the technical teaching of the invention, which possibilities for the use of active substances for the prophylaxis and / or therapy of diseases associated with cell
- Nlk is particularly strongly expressed in brain tissue (Brott et al., PNAS USA 95 @
- the invention therefore relates to the use of at least
- the active substance for the prophylaxis and / or therapy of diseases which are associated with cell growth disorders, the active substance (s) modulating the activity of at least one kinase of the COP9 / signalosome complex.
- the modulation of at least one kinase is according to the present
- the 30 invention is an inhibition or enhancement of the activity of the kinase.
- the modulated kinase is the Nlk kinase.
- Active substances in the sense of the present invention are substances which are capable of at least one kinase of
- 35 C0P9 / signalosome complex to modulate can be are active substances which inhibit or enhance the activity of kinases, for example by phosphorylation or dephosphorylation.
- active substances in the sense of this invention are derivatives of the active substances which are converted into an active substance according to the invention, for example by enzymatic cleavage, and also precursors of active substances which are metabolically converted into a substance which is active according to the invention.
- the active substance (s) used is or are preferably selected from
- Phosphokinase inhibitors for example 70H-staurosporins and their phosphokinase inhibiting derivatives, butyrolactones, Roscovitine, Purvalanol A, Emodin, anilinoquin azolines (PD-168393 and PD 169414), PD 184352
- Antisense oligonucleotides which attach themselves specifically to the DNA sequence or RNA sequence coding for Nlk and inhibit their transcription or translation; Antibody or antibody fragments specific for Nlk; Fusion proteins containing at least one antibody fragment, for example an Fv fragment, which inhibit the kinase activity of the Nlk; Gene for Nlk, inserted into a plasmid and mixed with a substance that supports cell transfection, for example cationic lipids or cationic polymers; Gene for Nlk inserted into a vector; Gene for Nlk with inserted negative dominant mutation; Antisense oligonucleotides that attach specifically to the DNA sequence or M-RNA sequence and code for Nlk and inhibit their transcription or translation, antibody or antibody fragments
- the invention further relates to a test system for finding active substances which modulate the activity of at least one kinase of the COP9 / signalosome complex, comprising: a. at least one sample containing at least one COP9 / signalosome complex and b. at least a means for determining the activity of at least one kinase of the COP9 / signalosome complex.
- a sample is preferably, for example, at least one cell containing at least one COP9 / signalosome complex, the activity of the respective kinase (s), preferably Nlk, being modulated.
- the cells include, for example, pro- and eukaryotic cells, in particular cells which, as wild-type cells, express at least one active kinase of the COP9 / signalosome, preferably Nlk. In cells which do not or only to a lesser extent express the respective active kinase (s) of the COP9 / signalosome as wild-type cells, expression can be achieved by methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- Such methods include, for example, infection, transfection or transformation of cells with vectors which contain nucleic acids which code for the respective active kinase (s) of the COP9 / signalosome, preferably Nlk, or parts thereof.
- Cells in the sense of the present invention are cells from different organs and tissues, for example cells of the blood and lymph vessels or cells that line the body cavities.
- cell cultures in particular eukaryotic cell cultures, for example 293, 293T and 293T7 cell cultures from Homo sapiens, B82, NIH3T3, L929 cell cultures from Mus musculus, BHK cell cultures from Cricetus cricetus, CHO cell cultures from Cricetulus griseus, MDCK cell cultures from Canis familiaris, Vero, COS-1 and COS-7 cell cultures from Cercopithecus aethiops and / or primary embryo fibroblasts from Gallus gallus (CEF cells).
- a sample can also be at least one cell extract, at least one protein mixture and / or at least one mixture containing at least one COP9 / signalosome complex, preferably Nlk.
- sample also includes cell extracts which can be obtained, for example, from one of the cells listed above using standard methods known to the person skilled in the art. Methods suitable for this include, but are not limited to, “freeze thawing", “sonification” or “French pressing". If necessary, such a cell extract can be worked up or purified in further steps. Preferred steps include, for example, precipitation or filtration processes and / or chromatographic process steps. Suitable chromatographic methods are known to the person skilled in the art and include, for example, anion or cation exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and / or size exclusion chromatography.
- the sample can also be a mixture of purified or recombinant proteins containing at least one COP9 / signalosome complex, preferably Nlk, and / or a protein mixture which additionally contains further components, for example agents which are used to determine the activity of the kinase ( n), preferably Nlk, of the C0P9 / signalosome complex can be used.
- a sample is preferably an isolated C0P9 / signalosome complex, the activity of the respective kinase (s), preferably Nlk, being modulated.
- Means for determining the activity of at least one kinase, preferably the Nlk, of the COP9 / signalosome complex are, for example, substrates of the kinase (s), buffers, detergents, protease inhibitors, NTPs and / or suitable metal ions.
- a preferred embodiment relates to a test system in which the sample a. at least one gene coding for at least one negative mutant of at least one kinase and / or b. contains at least one negative mutant of at least one kinase.
- a sample used in this embodiment is, for example, a cell that has reduced or no activity of a kinase, preferably Nlk activity, of the COP9 / signalosome complex. This can be achieved, for example, by introducing a negative, especially a dominant negative, mutation.
- Another object of this invention relates to a method for finding at least one active substance for the prophylaxis and / or therapy of cell growth disorders, which acts on at least one kinase of the COP9 / signalosome complex in such a way that the cell growth is modulated, comprising the following steps: a , Bringing at least one sample into contact with at least one potential active substance, and b. Determine the activity of at least one kinase of the COP9 / signalosome complex. Contacting in the sense of the present invention can be done, for example, by adding the
- Active substances in the nutrient medium of a cell culture or by local or systemic administration of the active substances into an organism also includes, for example, any form of mixing, it being possible for both the sample to be added to the potential active substance and the potential active substance to the sample.
- the sample and / or the potential active substance can each be present as a solid, solution, suspension, slurry or bound to a solid phase. If the sample that is brought into contact with potential active substance (s) is a cell, the contacting step also includes methods known in the art which allow the introduction of substances into intact cells, such as, for example Infection, transfection and / or transformation.
- the potential active substance is naked DNA, viruses, viroids, virosomes and / or liposomes, the liposomes or virosomes also being suitable, in addition to a potentially active nucleic acid molecule, further potential active substances with the sample to bring in contact.
- a number of further methods are known to the person skilled in the art which serve to introduce potential active substances into cells.
- Determining the activity of at least one kinase, preferably Nlk, of the COP9 / signalosome complex in the sample is possible through a number of direct and indirect detection methods. The appropriate methods depend on the nature of the sample. In cells, the activity of the kinase (s), preferably Nlk, is determined on the one hand by the amount of kinase (s) expressed in the cell and on the other hand by the amount of activated kinase (s). The transcription of the genes encoding the kinase (s), in particular Nlk, can be activated, for example, by determining the amount of the kinase mRNA.
- Standard methods known in the prior art for determining the amount of RNA include, for example, DNA chip hybridization, RT-PCR, "pri er” extension and “RNA protection”.
- the kinase activity which is based on the induction or repression of the transcription of the respective kinase gene (s) can also be determined by coupling the kinase promoter to suitable reporter gene constructs.
- the increase in the expression of the kinases can also be detected at the protein level, in which case the amount of the protein is detected, for example, by antibodies directed against the kinase (s).
- the change in the activity of the kinase (s) can, however, also be attributed to increased or decreased phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of the kinase (s).
- the change in the phosphorylation of the kinase (s) can be detected, for example, by antibodies which are directed against phosphorylated amino acids.
- the present invention further relates to a medicament for the prophylaxis and / or therapy of line growth disorders, comprising at least one active substance according to the invention and, if appropriate, suitable auxiliaries and additives.
- the active substance according to the present invention is preferably prepared for local or systemic administration into an organism with the aid of the methods and auxiliaries and / or additives known to the person skilled in the art to give a medicament.
- a medicament of the present invention is preferably used for diseases which are associated with Cell growth disorders are used.
- Suitable auxiliaries and additives which serve, for example, to stabilize or preserve the drug or diagnostic agent, are generally known to the person skilled in the art (see, for example, Sucker H et al. (1991) Pharmaceutical Technology, 2nd edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart).
- auxiliaries and / or additives are physiological saline solutions, Ringer's dextrose, dextrose, Ringer's lactate, demineralized water, stabilizers, antioxidants, complexing agents, antimicrobial compounds, proteinase inhibitors and / or inert gases.
- Local administration can take place, for example, on the skin, on the mucous membrane, in a body cavity, in an organ, in a joint or in the connective or supporting tissue.
- Systemic administration is preferably carried out in the bloodstream, in the peritoneal cavity or in the abdominal cavity.
- the pharmaceutical preparation containing the active substance according to the invention depends on the type of active substance and the way in which it is administered and can be, for example, a solution, a suspension, an ointment, a powder, a spray form or another inhalation preparation.
- Nucleotide sequences are preferably inserted into a viral vector or a plasmid using methods known to the person skilled in the art and auxiliary substances for cell transfection are added.
- auxiliaries include, for example, cationic polymers or cationic lipids.
- Antisense oligonucleotides are derivatized using the methods familiar to the person skilled in the art in order to protect them from enzymatic degradation by DNAsen or RNAsen.
- the active substance according to the invention can be in the form of a salt, ester, amide or as a precursor, preference being given to using only modifications of the active substance which do not trigger excessive toxicity, irritation or allergic reactions in the patient.
- the active substance is made under sterile conditions, with a physiologically acceptable carrier known to the person skilled in the art and possible Preservatives, buffers or propellants mixed as required.
- the active substance according to the invention is preferably administered in a single dose, particularly preferably in several doses, the individual doses not exceeding the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of the respective active substance for humans.
- a dose is preferably chosen which is half the MTD.
- the MTD in the tumor patient is 50 mg / ml / dx3 (Senderowicz et al J Clin Oncol 16 (9):
- flavopiridol is thus to be administered in a daily dose of 0.1-50 mg / m 2 , preferably 5-30 mg / m 2 , particularly preferably 25 mg / m 2 .
- the daily dose can be taken once a day or in several portions
- the administration can be either local or systemic, only on one day or over several days daily or on every second or third day over several weeks.
- Another object of this invention relates to a method for producing a medicament according to the invention for the prophylaxis and / or therapy of cell growth disorders, which promotes cell growth or
- Nlk associated with the C0P9 / signalosome complex play an important role in the coordination of the signaling pathways of Wnt, NFkB, API, thyroid hormone receptor and probably also of cell cycle regulators in neurons and glial cells.
- a cDNA clone for the entire CSN7a as well as for the related CSN7b and for Csn5 was isolated from RNA extracts from mouse brain using RT-PCR (Wei et al., Curr Biol 8, 919-922, 1998).
- HA Haemagglutinin
- Nlk FLAG labeled Nlk
- Csn7a Csn7b and Csn5 proteins were cloned using RT-PCR and the use of the following primers: HA-CSN 7a Hin: ATAGGTACCACCATGTACCCCTACGACGTGCCCGACTACGCCATGAGTGCGGAGGTG AAGGTG, scaffold: ATAGAATTCAGTTCGATCTTGGACCAA
- HA-CSN7b Hin ATAGGATCCACCATGTACCCCTACGACGTGCCCGACTACGCCATGGCAGGTGAACAG AAACCCTCAAG, scaffold: ATAGAATTCCTAGTGGCGGCTGGAGACCAG FLAG-Nlk
- CAACAGC re: ATAGGATCCACAGTCACTCCCACACCAGAGG
- Example 2 Activity of the Nlk in the C0P9 / signalosome complex on transcription factors To characterize the kinase activity of
- COP9 / signalosomes, immune complex kinase assays were performed with Nlk.
- HEK293 cells were transfected with expression vectors coding for the FLAG-labeled wild-type Nlk and for the FLAG-labeled enzyme-deficient K84R Nlk mutant.
- the expressed proteins were in anti-CSNl Immunoprecipitates detected.
- Such immunoprecipitates of the transfected cells as well as of control cells were incubated with the protein substrates c-jun (from Promega, Madison, USA) or GST-c-jun (from Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA).
- Reporter gene assays were carried out to demonstrate the activity of Nlk on different signaling pathways.
- wild type or the negative mutant of Nlk was co-expressed in HEK293 cells with different reporter gene constructs.
- Both the reporter gene for the transcription factors TCF / LEF induced by Wnt and the reporter genes for AP-1 and NFkB and the thyroid hormone receptor showed an inhibitory effect due to the active Nlk.
- the kinase-negative mutant K84R Nlk did not reduce the AP-1, TCF / LEF and NFkB inducible reporter gene expression and instead had a strongly stimulating effect especially with AP-1 and NFkB reporter gene constructs.
- Example 3 Non-cellular and cellular test system containing COP9 / signalosome complexes with active Nlk or with negatively imitated Nlk.
- the sample contains cells, cell extracts or protein mixtures which Nlk, also parts thereof or as a control, negative mutated Nlk. Examples of the production of such cells, cell extracts or protein mixtures have already been described in detail in Example 1.
- An example of negatively mutated Nlk is the K84R mutant of Nlk already described in Example 1, which no longer has any kinase activity.
- Such cells, cell extracts or protein mixtures are mixed with the substance to be tested in any concentration. After an incubation period of 10 seconds to 24 hours, the activity of the Nlk is determined.
- the activity of Nlk is determined by the phosphorylation of suitable substrates, for example c-Jun.
- the activity of Nlk is determined indirectly by measuring the activation of target genes via reporter gene assays.
- Suitable reporter genes for example luciferase, SEAP or GFP, are under the control of promoters which are subject to regulation by transcription factors which are regulated directly or indirectly by Nlk. These include AP-1, NFkB, thyroid hormone receptor and TCF / LEF.
- the activity of Nlk can be determined by changing the differentiation of cells, in particular neuronal cells, glial cells, their precursors or also neural stem cells, for example morphologically in cell culture and under the microscope.
- the activity of Nlk can be determined by changing the survival rate of cells.
- Example 4 Test system consisting of cells in which the gene for Nlk was removed or extracts therefrom
- the test system consists of cells in which the gene for Nlk has been removed or inhibited.
- This enables the testing of active substances that can prevent or reduce diseases in mammals.
- the removal of the gene for Nlk in embryonic cells or in tissue cells is carried out, for example, with the aid of the introduction of anti-sense oligonucleotides for Nlk and the resulting blockade of the transcription and / or translation of the gene for Nlk.
- An example of the inhibition of cellular Nlk is the introduction and overexpression of kinase negative mutants of the Nlk gene.
- Example 5 Test system for measuring the kinase activity of Nlk with the substrate c-Jun.
- a cell line (HEK 293) is transient with an Nlk clone provided with an N-terminal with the FLAG epitope tag (Sigma) (accession no .: NM_008702: Brott et al., 1998) transfected in the expression vector pcDNA3 (Invitrogen).
- a mutated Nlk clone with greatly reduced kinase activity is used as a control of the specificity (preferably a negatively mutated Nlk protein, such as, for example, with a mutation of lysine at position 155 to arginine).
- the FLAG-labeled proteins are purified by immunoprecipitation.
- 1 mg of the extract are incubated with 1.0 ⁇ g of anti-flag antibodies (anti-flag M2 agarose, Sigma) for 1 hour at + 4 ° C. with constant mixing.
- the immunoprecipitates are washed five times by centrifuging and resuspending in lysis buffer.
- 0.5 ⁇ g c-Jun protein Promega
- l ⁇ Ci [ ⁇ - 32 P] ATP Amers
- the proteins are then blotted (Fastblot, Biometra) on nitrocellulose membranes (Protran BA 83; Schleicher & Schüll) and, depending on the intensity of the signal, exposed for several hours to days in X-ray film cassettes with imaging plates (BAS SR Imaging Plates, Fuji) ,
- the evaluation is carried out by scanning in the phosphor imager (BAS2500, Fuji) and quantifying the signals caused by radio-labeled c-jun using analysis software (AIDA, Raytest).
- Example 6 Test system for measuring the Nlk-modulated reporter gene activity A cell line (HEK 293) is transiently transfected with two expression plasmids: 5 1.) an N-terminal clone provided with the FLAG epitope tag in the expression vector pcDNA3. In a further transfection, a mutated Nlk clone with greatly reduced kinase activity is used as a control of the specificity (preferably a mutated Nlk protein with a muta-
- reporter gene construct in which a reporter gene (for example Luciferase, de Wet et al., 1987) under the control of, for example, the AP-1-dependent collagenase promoter (van Dam et al., 1993), an NFkB-dependent pro
- a reporter gene for example Luciferase, de Wet et al., 1987
- AP-1-dependent collagenase promoter van Dam et al., 1993
- Another reporter gene construct in which another reporter gene (for example ⁇ -galactosidase (Hall et al., 1983) or Renilla-Luciferase, Lorenz et al., 1991) is expressed by another promoter not influenced by Nlk
- the Nlk inhibitor to be tested is added to the cells in concentrations of InMol to 100 ⁇ mol. 48 hours after transfection (lipofectamine
- EXAMPLE 7 Test System for Measuring the Modulation of the Neddulation of Cellular Proteins by Nlk
- a cell line (HEK 293) is transiently transfected with two expression plasmids: 1.) an Nlk clone provided with the FLAG epitope tag in the expression vector pcDNA3.
- a mutated Nlk clone with greatly reduced kinase activity is used as a control of the specificity (preferably a mutated Nlk protein with a mutation of lysine at position 155 to arginine)
- the Nlk inhibitor to be tested is added to the cells in concentrations of InMol to lOO ⁇ Mol.
- 48 hours after the transfection (Lipofectamin 2000, Life Technologies), the cells are washed with PBS and lysed in lysis buffer (see above).
- the protein extract is centrifuged off, the supernatant mixed with 2x Laemmli buffer (see above) in a ratio of 1: 1, briefly boiled and cooled on ice.
- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polyacrylamide with gradient gels of 5-20%
- they are blotted onto nitrocellulose ambrane (Protran BA 83; Schleicher & Schüll) (Biometra Fastblot).
- Western membranes are used to analyze the membranes 5% dry milk in TBS-T (20mM Tris-HCl pH7.6, 137mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20) blocked for 30 minutes, incubated for 1 hour in TBS-T with the anti-HA antibody (HA.11, Babco) and washed three times for 15 minutes with TBS-T. Then the membrane is incubated with a peroxidase-coupled anti-mouse secondary antibody (Rockland) for 30 minutes and washed three times for 15 minutes with TBS-T.
- TBS-T 20mM Tris-HCl pH7.6, 137mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20
- the membranes are incubated for 1 minute in detection reagent (ECL, Amersham), placed on X-ray films (Super RX, Fuji) in a dark room and, depending on the signal intensity, exposed for 1 second to 1 hour.
- the Nedd8-conjugated proteins labeled with the HA antibody appear as blackening on the films and can be quantified by densitometric analyzes. Results: The amount of Nedd ⁇ -conjugated proteins is reduced after transfection of wild-type Nlk and increased of negatively mutated Nlk. Adding an Nlk inhibitor to cells transfected with wild-type Nlk increases the amount of detectable Nedd ⁇ -conjugated proteins.
- Example 8 Test system for measuring the modulation of the ubiquitination of cellular proteins by Nlk:
- a cell line (HEK 293) is transiently transfected with two expression plasmids: 1.) an Nlk clone in the N-terminal provided with the FLAG epitope tag Expression vector pcDNA3.
- a mutated Nlk clone with greatly reduced kinase activity is used as a control of the specificity (preferably a mutated Nlk protein with a mutation of lysine at position 155 to arginine)
- the Nlk inhibitor to be tested is added to the cells in concentrations of InMol to 100 ⁇ mol.
- the cells are washed with PBS (Life Technologies and guanidine-HCl buffer (6M guanidine-HCl, 0.1M Na-phosphate pH-8, 5mM imidazole).
- PBS Life Technologies
- guanidine-HCl buffer 6M guanidine-HCl, 0.1M Na-phosphate pH-8, 5mM imidazole.
- the extracts are incubated in 1.5 ml reaction vessels with 50 ⁇ l nickel chelate agarose (Ni 2+ -NTA, Qiagen) for 1 hour at + 4 ° C.
- the Ni-NTA agarose is incubated with protein buffer containing 250 mM I idazol (Sigma) at room temperature for 30 minutes and centrifuged. The supernatant is mixed with 2x Laemmlibuffer, boiled and separated by electrophoresis as described above in the "Test system for measuring the modulation of the neddylation of cellular proteins by N1K" and the proteins conjugated with HA-ubiquitin are detected by Western blot analysis.
- results The amount of proteins conjugated with HA-ubiquitin is reduced after transfection of wild-type Nlk and increased of negatively mutated Nlk. Adding an Nlk inhibitor to cells which have been transfected with wild-type Nlk, increases the amount of detectable proteins conjugated to HA-Ubiquitin.
- Example 9 Substances which have a modulating effect in test systems according to the invention
- the choice is made according to whether unwanted proliferation is to be prevented or uncontrolled cell death is to be prevented. This can easily be tested in a correspondingly selected cellular or animal model system for the respective disease.
- Nlk is a murine protein kinase related to Erk / MAP kinases and localized in the nucleus.
- Murine polyubiquitin mRNA sequence Nucl ei • c Aci • ds Res. 18 (7), 1907
- Wilson IA Niman HL, Houghten RA, Cherenson AR, Connolly ML
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| DE2001147088 DE10147088A1 (de) | 2001-09-25 | 2001-09-25 | Verwendung von Wirksubstanzen zur Prophylaxe und/oder Therapie von Erkrankungen, die mit Zellwachstumsstörungen einhergehen und Testsystem zum Auffinden solcher Wirksubstanzen |
| PCT/DE2002/003576 WO2003027317A2 (de) | 2001-09-25 | 2002-09-19 | Verwendung von wirksubstanzen zur prophylaxe und/oder therapie von erkrankungen, die mit zellwachstumsstörungen einhergehen und testsystem zum auffinden solcher wirksubstanzen |
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| WO2002066027A1 (de) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-08-29 | Universitätsklinikum Charite Medizinische Fakultät Der Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Akademische Verwaltung - Forschung | Mittel zur hemmung von tumorzellen |
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