EP1432595B1 - Acoustic transducer head, acoustic transducer provided with said head and method for acoustic transduction, in particular for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a Schallwandlerkopf, with at least one inlet opening for a supply line, at least one first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied and at least a sound radiation area in a housing, and a sound transducer in one Exhaust and / or intake of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, with such a sound transducer head, as well as a method for sound conversion.

For example, from DE 199 22 216 A1 is a generic transducer head, as Part of a sound transmission device for a motor vehicle known. By the sound transmission device is achieved that a targeted sound transmission from an intake an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle to an interior of the motor vehicle is reached. In order to achieve an improvement of the Schallabstrahlleistung, the Use of a transmission body proposed, which comprises a λ / 2 resonator. Prefers is the output side of this λ / 2 resonator sealed with a membrane.

Furthermore, DE 100 15 697 of the applicant describes a transducer for exhaust gas pulsations. This sound transducer is the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, assigned and comprises a generic transducer head, over which, based on the exhaust gas pulsations, airborne sound at least in the space of the internal combustion engine is radiant. This transducer head can have different geometries and includes a membrane.

A disadvantage of the generic Schallwandlerköpfen, however, that at high static Air pressures within the Schallwandlerkopfs a strain of the membrane occur and so that a sound radiation can be impeded.

For condenser microphones double membrane systems are known, see DE 197 15 365 A1. A corresponding condenser microphone comprises a first membrane, which on a counter electrode is coupled to sense vibrations of the first membrane, and above the first membrane a second membrane, through which an effective protection against the ingress of sweat into the microphone is to be achieved. A disadvantage of However, this condenser microphone is that the distance between the two membranes must be kept very small in order to have a sufficient transfer effect of the second to achieve the first membrane.

Object of the present invention is therefore, the generic transducer head such that the disadvantages of the prior art are overcome, especially in the largest possible pressure ranges optimized sound emission allows becomes.

This object is achieved in that a substantially airtight Partition, by means of which the housing is divided into at least two sections, wherein a first section with the inlet opening and the second section with the Schallabstrahlungsbereich is operatively connected, the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied in the first section is arranged and divided into a first chamber and a second chamber, a pressure compensation device between the first chamber and the second chamber, a second pulsation conversion element, at least partially in the second section at least is arranged partially movable, and a transmission device between the first and second sections for transmitting vibrations of the first pulsation conversion element is present on the second Pulsationsumwandlungsglied.

It can be provided that the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied at least a first Membrane included.

Alternatively it can be provided that the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied at least an at least partially movably mounted in the first section, preferably pot-shaped, piston and / or at least partially movable in the first section mounted disc, wherein the first portion is preferably at least substantially is cylindrical in the region of the piston and / or the disc and / or the first portion at least partially a smaller cross-sectional area than the second Section has.

According to the invention it is also proposed that the pressure compensation device at least a connection opening in the first pulsation conversion member, in one with the first Pulsation conversion element and the transmission device in operative connection Link and / or between the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied and the housing and / or in a bypass.

It is provided that the pressure compensation device at least one, preferably in its damping properties adjustable, damping element, in particular in the form of a variable area reduction, a labyrinth and / or a porous material, such as foam, iron wool and / or the like.

Furthermore, the invention provides that the geometric dimensions of the first section, in particular the first chamber and / or the second chamber, the inlet opening, the Supply line and / or the second section, in particular the sound radiation area, preferably during operation of the Schallwandlerkopfs, is variable or are.

It can be provided that the Schallabstrahlungsbereich substantially horn-shaped is.

The invention is also characterized in that the second Pulsationsumwandlungsglied at least one second membrane and / or one connected to a flexible cutting disc Schallabstrahlungsscheibe, which each have the second section in a third chamber and subdivide or subdivide a fourth chamber, and / or at least one structure-borne sound generator, in particular comprising a plunger, for the mechanical excitation of at least partially In the body arranged Schallabstrahlungsbereich, in particular comprises of the Housing, includes.

Advantageously, it can be provided in a sound transducer head according to the invention, that the housing is constructed in several parts, wherein the individual housing parts preferably different materials, such as plastic and / or metal, preferably aluminum include.

It can be provided that the first membrane between a first housing part and a second housing part is fastened or the housing in the region of the partition of a first housing part and in the region of the piston and / or the disc by a second Housing part is formed.

In the two aforementioned alternatives can be realized that the second membrane and / or the cutting disc preferably between a third housing part and a fourth housing part can be fastened, wherein preferably the first and the fourth housing part are formed in one.

The invention is for example characterized in that the transmission device at least one, in particular rigid coupling element, mechanical coupling element, electromechanical Coupling element, electromagnetic coupling element and / or magnetomechanical Coupling element and / or at least one positioning device, wherein the Coupling element is detachably attachable.

It can be provided that at least one sealing device, preferably in the form a Simerrings, for storage and implementation of the coupling element.

The two alternatives described above can also be characterized in that the coupling element at least one, preferably electromagnetic, scanning device for Scanning the vibrations of the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglieds and / or one, preferably electromagnetic, drive means for driving the second Pulsationsumwandlungsglieds includes.

It is provided that the scanning device and / or the drive device stationary is arranged relative to the housing and / or the partition wall or are.

Alternatively, it may be provided that the scanning device at least one, preferably can be moved relative to the housing, pulsation body and / or the drive device comprises at least one, preferably movable relative to the housing, drive body, wherein preferably the pulsation body and the drive body via at least one connecting device if necessary, can be coupled with each other safe to take.

In this embodiment can also be provided that the housing at least in the area the pulsation body and / or the drive body permanent magnetization and the pulsation body and / or the drive body at least a first coil include or include, or at least in the region of Pulsationskörpers and / or the drive body arranged at least one relatively stationary relative to the housing second coil and the Pulsation body and / or the drive body at least partially a permanent magnetization have or have.

In the two aforementioned embodiments can be provided that the connecting device a rigidly connected to the Pulsationskörper or the drive body or comprising this comprises coupling rod, wherein the drive body or the Pulsationskörper in the operation of the transducer head either substantially free relative to the Coupling rod movably mounted or safe to take with the coupling rod is connected.

According to the invention it can be provided that the takeaway secure connection between the coupling rod on the one hand and the drive body or the pulsation body on the other electromagnetically and / or mechanically.

This embodiment may advantageously be characterized in that the coupling rod at least in the area of the drive body or the Pulsationskörpers a permanent Magnetization and the drive body or the Pulsationskörper in the area the coupling rod comprises or comprise at least a third coil, or the coupling rod at least in the region of the drive body or the Pulsationskörpers at least a fourth Coil comprises and the drive body or the Pulsationskörper in the region of the coupling rod has or have a permanent magnetization.

In the two alternative embodiments described above, it can be provided that that the coupling rod at least in the region of the drive body or the Pulsationskörpers and / or the drive body or the Pulsationskörper in the region of the coupling rod a Device for increasing the static friction resistance between the coupling rod on the one hand and the drive body or the pulsation body on the other hand, preferably in shape at least one controllable and / or controllable claw device and / or, at least one with the coupling rod, the drive body and / or the Pulsationskörper connected element, electrically, pneumatically and / or hydraulically against the surface of the drive body, the Pulsationskörpers or the coupling rod is pressed, comprises.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the positioning device at least one elastic element, preferably in the form of a spring element, in the first chamber, second chamber, third chamber and / or fourth chamber, in particular between the pulsation body on the one hand and the partition wall of the first pulsation conversion element, on the other hand, and / or the partition on the one hand and the drive body on the other hand, anordbar and / or during an operation of the Schallwandlerkopfs controllably and / or controllably includes.

The present invention is advantageously characterized by a control and / or Control device for controlling and / or regulating the Schallabstrahlcharakteristiken, in particular in operative connection with the partition wall, the first pulsation conversion member, the Attenuation element, the second Pulsationsumwandlungsglied, a signal generator for at least another external signal influencing the sound radiation characteristic and / or the transmission device.

It is preferred according to the invention that the control and / or regulating device with the first Coil or second coil, in particular for detecting a movement of the Pulsationskörpers Realtiv to the housing and / or to bring about a movement of the drive body relative to the housing, the third coil or the fourth coil and / or the device for increasing the frictional resistance, in particular for on-demand secure removal Coupling of Pulsationskörpers and the drive body, is in operative connection.

It can also be provided that the control and / or regulating device with at least an active member, preferably a radio, engine mount, damper and / or shaker on a bulkhead, in particular for the transmission of movement information of Pulsationskörpers to the active member, is in operative connection.

It can be inventively provided that the first diaphragm, the piston, the Disc, the second diaphragm, the cutting disc and / or the Schallabstrahlungsscheibe a Elastomer, a reinforcing fabric, a plastic, a metal sheet and / or a metal, preferably Aluminum, comprising or comprising.

Furthermore, it can also be provided that the first membrane, the second membrane and / or the Cutting disc at least partially different strengths, different flexibilities and / or having different shapes, preferably for providing a stiffer middle region and a more flexible edge region and / or multiple parts is executed or are.

Finally, it is also proposed that the bias of the first membrane, the second Membrane and / or the cutting disc and / or the size of at least one oscillatory Area of the first membrane, the second membrane, and / or the cutting disc, in particular during operation of the transducer head, controllable and / or controllable are.

The invention further provides a sound transducer in an exhaust and / or suction area an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, with an inventive Sound transducer head proposed.

In addition, according to the invention, a method for sound conversion, in particular in a Motor vehicle, using a Schallwandlerkopfs invention and / or Sound transducer proposed, wherein the method is characterized by stimulating, in particular by means of intake and / or exhaust gas pulsations of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, one arranged in a first section of the Schallwandlerkopfs and means a pressure compensation device pressure-relieved first Pulsationsumwandlungsglieds, and Generating a movement of a second pulsation conversion element, by transmission a movement of the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglieds by means of a transmission device to the second Pulsationsumwandlungsglied.

It can be inventively provided that the movement through a substantially rigid connection between the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied and the second Pulsation conversion element is transmitted.

Alternatively it can be provided according to the invention that via a connecting device, preferably automatically and / or manually, in particular during operation of the Schallwandlerkopfs, if necessary, the substantially rigid connection between the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied and the second Pulsationsumwandlungsglied made or this compound is released, preferably as a function of the frequency of the Transducer head supplied pulsations.

It is preferred according to the invention that the movement of the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglieds is scanned by means of a scanning device, preferably electromagnetically, from the scanning device, a movement signal is generated, the movement signal by means of a Control and / or regulating device, preferably electronically, processed, in particular reinforced, is and the second Pulsationsumwandlungsglied in response to the motion signal is moved by means of a drive device.

Finally, a particularly preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that that the movement signal is supplied to at least one active member, and / or the motion signal at least one additional signal at least temporarily to the drive of the second Pulsationsumwandlungsglieds is superimposed.

The invention is thus based on the surprising finding that a transducer head can be carried out so that on the one hand pulsations, in particular exhaust pulsations a Internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle in vibrations in a substantially closed Space, such as the engine compartment of the motor vehicle, can be converted and on the other hand, a functionality even at, for example, static pressures of 0.5 is guaranteed to 1 bar, by a first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied so to speak as an excitation member with a second pulsation conversion element either in the form of a sound radiation membrane or a structure-borne noise can be coupled under pressure equalization. Further allows the transducer head according to the invention, that for all frequency ranges, essentially independent of the amplitude of the sound transducer head supplied Pulsations, each desired sound radiation is achieved. It can, for example, in the Supply of intake or exhaust pulsations of an internal combustion engine to the transducer head depending on the excitation frequency either a rigid connection between the excitation member on the one hand and the Schallabstrahlungsmembran a Schallabstrahlungsscheibe or a structure-borne noise on the other hand be induced or at high Excitation frequencies at which the pulsations have a lower amplitude, this Connection to be solved. In the latter case, a movement via a scanning device the excitation member detected and via a drive means the Schallabstrahlungsmembran or the structure-borne noise that is independent of the excitation element can move, depending on the detected movement of the excitation member and / or be moved further signals to produce a certain sound radiation.

Figur 1

eine Schnittansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schallwandlerkopfs;

Figur 2

eine Schnittansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schallwandlerkopfs;

Figur 3

eine Schnittansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schallwandlerkopfs;

Figur 4

eine Schnittansicht einer vierten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schallwandlerkopfs

Figur 5

eine Schnittansicht einer fünften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schallwandlerkopfs; und

Figur 6

eine perspektivische Schnittansicht einer sechsten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schallwandlerkopfs.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example with reference to schematic drawings. Showing:

FIG. 1

a sectional view of a first embodiment of the transducer head according to the invention;

FIG. 2

a sectional view of a second embodiment of the transducer head according to the invention;

FIG. 3

a sectional view of a third embodiment of the transducer head according to the invention;

FIG. 4

a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the transducer head according to the invention

FIG. 5

a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the transducer head according to the invention; and

FIG. 6

a perspective sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the transducer head according to the invention.

1 shows a first inventive transducer head 1 is shown with a housing 3, which has an inlet opening 5, which with a feed line, not shown for supplying pulsations, in particular intake and / or exhaust gas pulsations of a Internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, is connected. Within the housing 3 is a Dividing wall 7 is arranged, which the interior of the transducer head 1 in one of the inlet opening 5 facing first portion and a sound emission area 9 facing divided into the second section. To an improved sound radiation of the Schallwandlerkopfs 1, the housing 3 in the sound radiation area 9 in the form of a Horns 11 designed. In which the inlet opening 5 facing the first portion of the transducer head 1, an excitation membrane 13 is arranged, which in turn transforms the first section divided into a first and second chambers 15 and 17, namely airtight from each other separated. However, the transducer head 1 has a connecting tube 19, which this Chambers 15 and 17 interconnects so that always a static pressure equalization between the same takes place. For this purpose, the connecting pipe 19 also includes a damping element 21, for example in the form of an adjustable cross-sectional constriction of the connecting pipe 19, which ensures that high-frequency pressure fluctuations due to from above the inlet opening 5 the transducer head 1 fed pulsations not be transmitted via the connecting pipe 19. The excitation membrane 13 is in her central area via a connecting member, namely in the form of a center plate 23, with a rigid coupling rod 25 in operative connection. This coupling rod 25 is via a sealing device in the form of a Simerrings 27 guided by the partition 7 frictionless to a ensure airtight separation of the first section from the second section. Of the second section is also through a sound radiation membrane 31 in a third and fourth Division 29 and 33 divided. The sound radiation membrane 31 has, like the excitation membrane 13, a center plate 35 which is connected to the coupling rod 25. The two Membranes 13 and 31 are positioning devices in the form of spring elements 37th and 39 are kept in a predetermined zero position.

For sound radiation through the transducer head 1 are first on the inlet port 5 pulsations in the first chamber 15 introduced. The introduced into the first chamber 15 Pulsations force a deflection of the excitation membrane 13 from its zero position and a vibration of the same. The pulsations superimposed low-frequency pressure fluctuations, in particular static pressure differences are, via the connecting pipe 19 between the first and second chambers 15 and 17 balanced. This will be a tension prevents the excitation membrane 13. By the damping element 21 is further achieved that high-frequency pressure changes not directly from the first chamber 15 at the second chamber 17 are forwarded. The vibrations of the excitation membrane 13 are transmitted via the center plate 23 to the coupling rod 25, whereby the Schallabstrahlungsmembran 31 is vibrated and thus the desired sound radiation he follows.

Thus, it is achieved by the transducer head 1 according to the invention that an unhindered Sound emission is independent of low-frequency pressure fluctuations. Further may be a connection of the inlet opening 5 with the surrounding atmosphere, as to Emission of exhaust pulsations is undesirable, be avoided.

The Schallabstrahlcharakteristiken the transducer head 1 can in various ways be adapted to the sound transducer head 1 supplied pulsations. So, for example the desired radiation characteristic via the shape of the sound emission area 9 be varied. Further, the vibration of the diaphragm 13 and 31 in particular via a setting of the damping element 21, the spring elements 37 and / or 39 and the bias the membranes 13 and / or 31 are varied. A setting of the volume in particular in the first chamber 15 and the supply line, not shown, can under Formation of a Helmholtz resonator take place.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the transducer head 1 'according to the invention. shown. Identical elements of the sound transducer head 1 'of Figure 2 in comparison to Transducer head 1 of Figure 1 have the same reference numerals. In contrast to Sound transducer head 1 of Figure 1 comprises the transducer head 1 'of Figure 2 an excitation membrane 13 'and a Schallabstrahlungsmembran 31', the areas of different Have flexibility. Namely, the excitation membrane 13 'has an edge region 13'a, which has a higher flexibility compared to the central area 13'b. Analogously, the Schallabstrahlungsmembran 31 'on an edge region 31'a, which a greater flexibility as having its central region 31'b. This embodiment of the diaphragm 13 'and 31' allows it, the sound radiation characteristics of the Schallwandlerkopfs 1 ', in addition to Change in the bias of the diaphragm 13 'and 31', by changing the size of the Set areas of different flexibility and / or the flexibility difference.

However, a transducer head according to the invention need not comprise a double membrane system, but instead of an acoustically active Schallabstrahlungsmembran a structure-borne noise exhibit. Such an embodiment of the transducer head according to the invention 1 "is shown in Figure 3. Same elements of the sound transducer head 1" of Figure 3 in comparison to the transducer heads 1 and 1 'of Figures 1 and 2 carry the same reference numerals. In the sound transducer head 1 "is the coupling rod 25 'on the one hand connected to the center plate 23 of the excitation membrane 13 ', on the other hand is located on upper end of the coupling rod 25 'a plunger 41. The transducer head 1 "is beyond connected via connecting elements 43 with a body 45, so that via the inlet opening 5 supplied pulsations to vibrations of the excitation membrane 13 'and finally to Impacts of the plunger 41 lead to the body 45, whereby the body 45 for radiation is excited by sound waves. In a suitable embodiment of the connecting elements 43 is an additional chamber 47 between the body 45 and the partition 7th as a resonator, so that the design of this chamber 47, the characteristics of can be changed by the body 45 generated sound.

FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a transducer head 1 "'according to the invention. represented, wherein has been resorted to the already known reference numerals. In contrast to the embodiments of the erfmdungsgemäßen shown in Figures 1 and 2 Schallwandlerkopfs is a transmission of the vibrations of the excitation membrane 13 "electromechanically performed on the sound radiation membrane 31. Dazu is the center plate 23 of the excitation membrane 13 "via a rod 49 with a magnetomechanical Scanning device 51, which, for example, a piezoelectric element includes, connected. The signals picked up by the scanner 51 become forwarded via a line 53 to a control device 55. This control device 55 is connected via a line 57 to a drive device 59. The drive device 59 is connected via a rod 61 with the center plate 35 of the sound radiation membrane 31. In contrast to the previous embodiments of the invention Transducer head, the pressure balance between the through the excitation membrane 13 " separate chambers 15 and 17, ie between the first and second chambers, in the transducer head 1 "'of Figure 4 through openings 63 in the excitation membrane 13" reached. The openings 63 are in the form of a damping element, not shown filled with foam. By this foam is achieved that only low-frequency Pressure fluctuations are transmitted through the openings 63, but not high-frequency Fluctuations.

An oscillation of the excitation membrane 13 "of the transducer head 1" 'of Figure 4 leads to that vibration signals via the scanning device 51 to the controller 55th to get redirected. Depending on the desired Schallabstrahlcharakteristik the vibration signals are processed in the control device 55 so that through to the Drive means 59 emitted signals a desired vibration of the sound radiation membrane 31 is achieved. In addition, it is provided that the control device 55 via a line 65 further signals are supplied, which are the to the drive means 59 emitted signals influence. These signals cause different Environmental parameters, such as when using the transducer head 1 "'in a motor vehicle the speed of the internal combustion engine, the accelerator pedal position or the nature of the inserted Ganges, the signals which are sent to the drive means 59, influence.

FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of a sound transducer head 1 "" according to the invention. represented with the already known reference numerals for already mentioned elements. Of the Sound transducer head 1 "" comprises a housing 3 ', which via a partition wall 7' in one of an inlet opening 5 'facing first portion and a sound radiation area 9' facing the second section is divided. The Schallabstrahlungsbereich 9 'has, as also in the other embodiments according to the invention, the shape of a horn 11 'on. In the first section, an excitation membrane 13 "'is arranged, which has at least one opening 63 'for pressure equalization between the first and second chambers 15' and 17 '. The Excitation membrane 13 '"is in the second chamber 17' via a first spring element 67 with a pulsation body 69 connected. Furthermore, between the Pulsationskörper 69 and the Partition wall 7 'in the first section, a second spring element 71 is arranged. The two spring elements 67 and 71 are used in particular to the interposed pulsation body 69 to hold at a stationary excitation membrane 13 "'in a previously defined zero position. The Pulsationskörper 69 is fixedly connected to a coupling rod 73 which passes through the partition wall 7 'is guided. For sealing serves a in the partition 7 'arranged Simmerring 27 '. The pulsation body 69 opposite end of the coupling rod 73 is in mounted in a third chamber 29 'arranged in the second section drive body 75. The drive body 75 is in turn rigid with a sound radiation membrane 31 ", which is arranged in a fourth chamber 33 'in the second section connected.

The transducer head 1 "" allows a particularly flexible sound radiation, in particular also as a function of the frequency of a sound transducer head 1 "" via the inlet port 5 'supplied pulsation. Especially when using the transducer head 1 "" for conversion intake or exhaust gas pulsations of an internal combustion engine is the problem that at high pulsation frequencies, as at high engine revolutions, in particular from 4,000 revolutions per minute, the pulsation amplitudes are insufficient are large, sufficient sound radiation by means of the sound radiation membrane 31 "at rigid connection of the same with the excitation membrane 13 '" to achieve. At the Operation of the sound transducer head 1 "" is therefore in particular between different excitation frequencies to distinguish.

At low excitation frequencies a sound radiation is achieved in that the excitation membrane 13 '"on the Pulsationskörper 69 and by means of the coupling rod 73 rigid connected to the Pulsationskörper 69 drive body 75 with the Schallabstrahlungsmembran 31 "is mechanically connected to connect the coupling rod 73 with the Drive body 75, a connecting device 77 is provided in the drive body 75. These Connecting device 77 comprises a coil 79 in the drive body 75, and in the area of the drive body 75, the coupling rod 73 has a permanent magnetization. The coil 79 is connected via a line 81 to a control device 83. At low Excitation frequencies is supplied by means of the control device 83, the coil 79 with power, so that due to the magnetic force between the permanent magnetic region of Coupling rod 73 and the coil 79 is a connection between the coupling rod 73 and the Drive body 75 is produced. Thus, essentially in the low frequency band in the transducer head 1 "" a sound conversion in analog form as in the previously described Schallwandlerköpfen 1, 1 'and 1 "achieved.

At higher excitation frequencies, a sound conversion takes place in the sound transducer head 1 "" on the other hand only after the connection between the coupling rod 73 and the drive body 75 has been solved by means of the connecting device 77 in that the Power supply to the coil 79 has been switched off via the control device 83. Thereby the pulsation body 69 is substantially mechanically separated from the drive body 75, If a movement of the excitation membrane 13 "'leads to a movement of the pulsation body 69, but the drive body 75 and thus the Schallabstrahlungsmembran 31 "remain basically at rest. However, the pulsation body 69 also includes a coil 85, and the housing 3 'has in the region of the second chamber 17' a permanent magnetization on. A movement of the Pulsationskörpers 69 therefore leads to the induction of a current in the coil 85, which is supplied by means of a line 87 of the control device 83. This Induction current represents a motion signal of the excitation membrane 13 '", in the control device 83 is evaluated or processed. In particular, in the control device 83 determines the excitation frequency of the excitation membrane 13 "' or processed motion signal can from the control device 83 via a line 89th in particular for controlling a further active member, not shown, as in one Radio, engine mounts, dampers or shakers on a bulkhead within the motor vehicle, be transmitted. Furthermore, the movement signal in the control device 83 can be amplified and via a line 91 of another coil 93, which is arranged in the drive body 75, be supplied. The housing 3 'also has a in the region of the third chamber 29' permanent magnetization, so that the arrangement of drive body 75, radiation membrane 31 "and housing 3 'represents a loudspeaker arrangement Line 91 of the coil 93 supplied signal can drive the body 75 in motion offset and thus the Schallabstrahlungsmembran 31 "were excited, creating a desired Sound radiation is generated. This allows the movement of the excitation membrane 13 "'in particular in the frequency range in which the the Schallwandlerkopf 1 "" pulsations having a low amplitude, is amplified and in a higher amplitude movement of the sound radiation membrane 31 "is converted.

However, it is also conceivable that a movement of the sound radiation membrane 31 "independent is generated by a movement of the excitation membrane 13 "', in particular when the excitation membrane 13 "'is at rest 95 signals are supplied via a line, which is processed in the control device 83 and are then fed to the coil 93, whereby the transducer head 1 "" as a speaker would be used. However, it is also conceivable that the transducer head 1 "" in operation as translator, as previously described, via line 95 for more information supplied to a desired processing of the supplied via the line 87 Motion signal within the controller 83 lead. In particular, the Motion signal of the excitation membrane 13 "'an additional signal superimposed or this can be changed as desired or dampened.

Finally, in Figure 6, a sixth embodiment of a transducer head according to the invention 1 "" 'shown in a perspective sectional view. The transducer head 1 "" ' comprises a housing 3 ", which consists essentially of three housing parts 3" a, 3 "b and 3" c. The first and second housing parts 3 "a and 3" b are in this case via first connecting devices 4b and the first and third housing parts 3 "a and 3" c via second connecting devices 4a, each in the form of screw, connected together. In the area of the second housing part 3 "b is an inlet opening 5" formed on the means of a Not shown supply line pulsations, in particular intake and / or Abgaspulsationen an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the transducer head 1 "" 'supplied can be. The first housing part 3 "a is formed such that a partition wall 7" provided is, the housing 3 "in one of the inlet opening 5" facing the first section and a second section facing a sound emission area 9 ". In which the inlet opening 5 "facing first portion of the housing 3" is a first Pulsation conversion member arranged. In contrast to the embodiments described above a transducer head according to the invention comprises the first Pulsationsumwandlungsglied of the transducer head 1 "" 'no excitation membrane, but a Disc 100. The disc 100 has a center plate 102 and is in the region of the center plate 102 connected to a coupling rod 104. The second housing part 3 "b has in the area the disc 100 has a complementary to the disc 100 cross-sectional shape, so that the Disk 100 substantially freely movable within the second housing part 3 "along b the longitudinal axis of the coupling rod 104 is movable. The disc 100 divides the inlet opening 5 "facing first portion of the housing 3" in two chambers 15 ", 17", a first chamber 15 "and a second chamber 17". To get a static pressure equalization between To reach the chambers 15 ", 17" is a gap between the peripheral surface of the Disc 100 and the second housing part 3 "b. The gap causes high frequency Pressure fluctuations lead to a movement of the disc 100, while superimposed, low-frequency pressure fluctuations, in particular static pressure differences over the Gap between the chambers 15 ", 17" are compensated. The movements of the disc 100 are transmitted via the coupling rod 104 to a rigid sound radiation disc 106. Similar to the embodiments described above, the coupling rod 104 via a Sealing device in the form of a Simmerring 27 "through the partition wall 7" frictionless out, such that an airtight separation of the first portion from the second portion of the housing 3 ", between the sound radiation disc 106 and the housing 3 "is a flexible, membrane-shaped cutting disc 107. Die Trennscheibe 107 has a funnel-shaped central portion 107b, which is connected to the Schallabstrahlungsscheibe 106 is connected or formed integrally therewith. Furthermore, the cutting disk 107 on a curved edge portion 107a. In the edge region 107a, the cutting disk 107th attached via the first connecting devices 4a through the sound radiation disc 106 and the cutting disc 107, the first portion of the housing 3 "in a third chamber 29 ", which is substantially enclosed by the first housing part 3" a, and a fourth chamber 33 ", which is essentially enclosed by the third housing part 3" c, divided. This structure of the radiation side second Pulsationsumwandlungsglieds leads to the advantage that it occupies only a small amount of space and thus the Schallumwandlerkopf 1 "" 'compact can be performed. The sound emission is essentially by the movement of the sound radiation disc 106, whereby these by the funnel-shaped or horn-shaped configuration of the cutting disk 107 is reinforced. The cutting disc 107 also fulfills the function of a tight seal between the third and fourth chambers 29 ", 33", causing an acoustic short between them Chambers 29 ", 33" prevented. Furthermore, the cutting disk 107 allows due to their flexibility and the shape of the edge portion 107a a free mobility of the sound radiation disc 106, without forming stresses within the blade 107. So When there is a movement of the sound emitting disk 106, sound is emitted from the transducer head 1 "" 'in the Schallabstrahlungsbereich 9 ".

In contrast to the Schallwandlerköpfen 1, 1 'shown in Figures 1 and 2 is in the third chamber 29 "no spring element arranged to the sound radiation disc 106 in to keep a predetermined zero position. This function is fulfilled by a spring element 108, which is arranged in the second chamber 17 "and which extends over a spring seat 110, the connected by means of connecting devices 112 with the partition wall 7 ", on the partition wall 7 "on the partition wall 7" opposite side of the spring element 108th the same is connected to the disc 100. Due to the tensile or compressive force of the spring element 108, the disc 100 and thus the over the coupling rod 104 with the Disc 100 associated sound radiation disc 106 after a deflection in a predetermined N ul position returned.

The transducer head 1 "" 'shown in FIG. 6 also has further advantages on. Due to the subdivision of the housing 3 "in the three housing parts 3" a, 3 "b, 3" c he is modular. Different embodiments of the housing parts 3 "a, 3" b, 3 "c are provided, which in an assembly of the transducer head 1 "" 'specifically with each other be combined. Thus, various third housing parts 3 "c may be provided to adjust certain sound radiation characteristics by shaping them. Also, different sound emitting disks 106 and cutting disks 107 may be provided be without the geometry of the first and third housing part 3 "a and 3" c must be adapted. In particular, the sound radiation characteristic can be changed thereby be that the dimensions of the second housing part 3 "b depending on the Dimensions of the disc 100 and / or from the coupling rod 104 are adapted to each other can. Thus, the transducer head 1 "" 'to various internal combustion engines adjust that by extending the second housing part 3 "b a longer stroke the disc 100 is made possible or by enlarging the cross section of the second Housing part 3 "b a larger volume of the first chamber 15" is provided, so that at constant pulsations a smaller movement of the disc 100 and thus the Schallabstrahlungsscheibe 106 takes place, which is desirable in particular for high-frequency pulsations is. Also, the shape of the disc 100 can be adapted to the circumstances. So may be used instead of the disc 100, a cup-shaped element, or may Gap size between the disc 100 and the second housing 3 "b for adjusting the Schallabstrahlcharakteristik be changed. Finally, in the transducer head 1 "" 'in a simple manner, the spring element 108, in particular for adjustment purposes, replaced are opened by the second connection devices 4b and then the connection between the disc 100 and the coupling rod 104 is released, so that the Spring element 108 can be replaced.

Thus, according to the invention, for the first time a sound transducer head is provided which has a sound transducer head unimpeded sound emission at different static pressures possible and in varied manner can be matched to a desired radiation characteristic.

Those disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawings and in the claims Features of the invention may be used individually as well as in any combination essential for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments be.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"', 1 "", 1 "" '

Transducer head

3, 3 ', 3 "

casing

3 "a, 3" b, 3 "c

housing part

4a, 4b

connecting device

5, 5 ', 5 "

inlet port

7, 7 ', 7 "

partition wall

9, 9 ', 9 "

Sound radiation area

11.11 '

horn

13, 13 ', 13 ", 13"'

excitation membrane

13'a

border area

13'b

the central region

15, 15 ', 15 "

chamber

17, 17 ', 17 "

chamber

19

connecting pipe

21

damping element

23

medium plates

25, 25 '

coupling rod

27, 27 ', 27 "

Simerring

29, 29 ', 29 "

chamber

31, 31 ', 31 "

Schallabtrahlungsmembran

31'a

border area

31'b

the central region

33, 33 ', 33 "

chamber

35

medium plates

37

spring element

39

spring element

41

tappet

43

fasteners

45

body

47

chamber

49

pole

51

scanning

53

management

55

control device

57

management

59

driving means

61

pole

63, 63 '

opening

65

management

67

spring element

69

Pulsationskörper

71

spring element

73

coupling rod

75

drive body

77

connecting device

79

Kitchen sink

81

management

83

control device

85

Kitchen sink

87

management

89

management

91

management

93

Kitchen sink

95

management

100

disc

102

medium plates

104

coupling rod

106

Sound radiation disc

107

cutting wheel

107a

border area

107b

the central region

108

spring element

110

spring seat

112

connecting device

Claims (34)

1. A sound transducer head (1, 1', 1", 1''', 1'''', 1'''''), with at least one inlet opening (5, 5', 5") for a supply line, at least one first pulsation conversion element (13, 13', 13", 13''', 100) and at least one sound radiation zone (9, 9', 9") in a housing (3, 3', 3"), characterised by
   a substantially air-tight partition (7, 7', 7"), by means of which the housing (3, 3', 3") is divided into at least two sections (3"a, 3" b, 3"c), a first section (3"c) being in operative communication with the inlet opening (5, 5', 5") and the second section (3"a, 3"b) being in operative communication with the sound radiation zone (9, 9', 9"), the first pulsation conversion element (13, 13', 13", 13''', 100) is disposed in the first section (3"c) and divides the same into a first chamber (15, 15', 15") and a second chamber (17, 17', 17"),
   a pressure equalisation device (19, 21, 63, 63', 105) between the first chamber (15, 15', 15") and the second chamber (17, 17', 17"),
   a second pulsation conversion element (31, 31', 31", 41, 106) which is disposed movably at least partially and at least in zones in the second section (3"a, 3"b), and
   a transmission device (25, 25', 49, 51, 59, 61, 69, 73, 75, 77, 79, 85, 93, 104) between the first and second sections (3"a, 3"b, 3" c) for transmitting vibrations from the first pulsation conversion element (13, 13', 13", 100) to the second pulsation conversion element (31, 31', 31'', 41, 106).
2. A sound transducer head according to claim 1, characterised in that the first pulsation conversion element comprises at least one first membrane (13, 13', 13", 13''').
3. A sound transducer head according to claim 1, characterised in that the first pulsation conversion element comprises at least one preferably pot-shaped piston mounted movably at least in zones in the first section (3"c) and/or a disc (100) mounted movably at least in zones in the first section (3"c), the first section (3"c) preferably being of cylindrical construction substantially at least in the region of the piston and/or of the disc (100) and/or the first section (3"c) has a smaller cross-sectional area than the second section (3"a, 3"b) at least in zones.
4. A sound transducer head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pressure equalisation device comprises at least one communication opening (63, 63') in the first pulsation conversion element (13", 13'''), in a communication element (23, 102) in operative communication with the first pulsation conversion element (13, 13', 13", 100) and the transmission device (25, 25', 49, 51, 104), and/or between the first pulsation conversion element (13, 13', 13", 13''', 100) and the housing (3, 3', 3") and/or in a bypass (19, 21).
5. A sound transducer head according to claim 4, characterised in that the pressure equalisation device comprises at least one damping element (21), the damping properties of which are preferably adjustable, particularly in the form of a variable cross-sectional constriction, a labyrinth and/or a porous material, such as foam material, wire wool and/or the like.
6. A sound transducer head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the geometric dimensions of the first section, particularly of the first chamber (15, 15', 15") and/or second chamber (17, 17', 17"), the inlet opening (5, 5', 5"), the feed line and/or the second section (3"a, 3"b), particularly of the sound radiation zone (9, 9', 9"), is/are variable preferably during an operation of the sound transducer head (1, 1', 1", 1''', 1'''', 1''''').
7. A sound transducer head according to claim 6, characterised in that the sound radiation zone (9, 9') is substantially in the form of a horn (11, 11').
8. A sound transducer head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second pulsation conversion element comprises at least one second membrane (31, 31', 31") and/or a sound radiation disc (106) which is connected to a flexible separating disc (107) and which respectively divides/divide the second section into a third chamber (29, 29', 29") and a fourth chamber (33, 33', 33"), and/or at least one structurally borne sound generator, particularly comprising a rod (41), for mechanical excitation of a body (45) disposed at least partially in the sound radiation zone (9), particularly enclosed by the housing (3).
9. A sound transducer head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the housing (3'') is of multi-part construction, the individual housing parts (3" a, 3"b, 3"c) preferably comprising different materials, such as plastics and/or metal, preferably aluminium.
10. A sound transducer head according to claim 9, characterised in that the first membrane is fixable between a first housing part (3"a) and a second housing part (3"b) or the housing (3") is formed in the region of the partition (7") by a first housing part (3" a) and in the region of the piston and/or the disc (100) by a second housing part (3"b).
11. A sound transducer head according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the second membrane and/or the separating disc (107) is/are fixable preferably between a third housing part (3"c) and a fourth housing part (3"a), the first and fourth housing parts (3"a) preferably being formed in one.
12. A sound transducer head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the transmission device comprises at least one, particularly rigid, coupling element (25, 25', 104), mechanical coupling element, electromechanical coupling element (49, 51, 59, 61), electromagnetic coupling element (69, 73, 75, 77, 79, 85, 93) and/or magnetomechanical coupling element and/or at least one positioning device (37, 39, 67, 71, 108), the coupling element (25, 25', 104) being releasably mountable.
13. A sound transducer head according to claim 12, characterised by at least one sealing device, preferably in the form of a rotary shaft seal (27, 27', 27"), for mounting and passage of the coupling element (25, 25', 73, 104).
14. A sound transducer head according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the coupling element comprises at least one preferably electromagnetic scanning device (51, 69, 85) for the scanning the vibrations of the first pulsation conversion element (13", 13''') and/or a preferably electromagnetic drive device (59, 75, 93) for driving the second pulsation conversion element (31, 31").
15. A sound transducer head according to claim 14, characterised in that the scanning device (51) and/or the drive device (59) is/are disposed fixedly relatively to the housing (3) and/or the partition (7).
16. A sound transducer head according to claim 14, characterised in that the scanning device comprises at least one pulsation body (69) which is movable preferably relatively to the housing, and/or the drive device comprises at least one drive body (75) preferably movable relatively to the housing, the pulsation body (69) and the drive body (75) preferably being adapted to be coupled together securely in respect of entrainment if required by way of at least one connecting device (77).
17. A sound transducer head according to claim 16, characterised in that the housing (3') has a permanent magnetisation at least in the region of the pulsation body (69) and/or of the drive body (75), and the pulsation body (69) and/or the drive body (75) enclose/encloses at least one first coil (85, 93), or
    at least in the region of the pulsation body (69) and/or of the drive body (75) at least one second coil fixed relatively to the housing (3') is disposed and the pulsation body (69) and/or the drive body (75) has/have a permanent magnetisation at least in zones.
18. A sound transducer head according to claim 16 or 17, characterised in that the connecting device (77) comprises a coupling rod (73) rigidly connected to the pulsation body (69) or the drive body (75) or enclosed by the latter, the drive body (75) or the pulsation body (69) during operation of the sound transducer head (1'''') being either mounted movably substantially freely relatively to the coupling rod (73) or being connected to the coupling rod (73) so as to be secure in respect of entrainment.
19. A sound transducer head according to claim 18, characterised in that the entrainment-secure connection between the coupling rod (73) on the one hand and the drive body (75) or the pulsation body (69) on the other hand is effected electromagnetically and/or mechanically.
20. A sound transducer head according to claim 19, characterised in that the coupling rod (73) has a permanent magnetisation at least in the region of the drive body (75) or of the pulsation body (69) and the drive body (75) or the pulsation body (69) comprise/comprises at least one third coil (79) in the region of the coupling rod (73), or
    the coupling rod (73) at least in the region of the drive body (75) or of the pulsation body (69) comprises at least one fourth coil and the drive body (75) or the pulsation body (69) has/have a permanent magnetisation in the region of the coupling rod (73).
21. A sound transducer head according to claim 19 or 20, characterised in that the coupling rod (73) at least in the region of the drive body (75) or of the pulsation body (69) and/or the drive body (75) or the pulsation body (69) in the region of the coupling rod (73) comprise/comprises a device for increasing the adhesion friction resistance between the coupling rod (73) on the one hand and the drive body (75) or the pulsation body (69) on the other hand, preferably in the form of at least one open and/or closed loop controllable claw device and/or at least one element connected to the coupling rod (73), the drive body (75) and/or the pulsation body (69), which element is adapted to be pressed electrically, pneumatically and/or hydraulically against the surface of the drive body (75), of the pulsation body (69), or of the coupling rod (73).
22. A sound transducer head according to any one of claims 12 to 21, characterised in that the positioning device comprises at least one elastic element, preferably in the form of a spring element (37, 39, 67, 71, 108), adapted to be disposed in the first chamber (15, 15'), second chamber (17, 17', 17"), third chamber (29, 29') and/or fourth chamber (33, 33'), particularly between the pulsation body (69) on the one hand and the partition (7') of the first pulsation conversion element (13''') on the other hand and/or the partition (7') on the one hand and the drive body (75) on the other hand and/or open and/or closed loop controllable during an operation of the sound transducer head (1, 1', 1", 1''', 1'''', 1''''').
23. A sound transducer head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by an open and/or closed loop control device (55, 83) for controlling the sound radiation characteristics, particularly in operative communication with the partition (7, 7'), the first pulsation conversion element (13, 13', 13", 13''', 100), the damping element (21), the second pulsation conversion element (31, 31', 31", 41, 106), a signal generator for at least one other external signal influencing the sound radiation characteristic and/or the transmission device (25, 25', 49, 51, 59, 61, 69, 73, 75, 77, 79, 85, 93, 104).
24. A sound transducer head according to claim 23, characterised in that the open and/or closed loop control device (83) is operatively connected to the first coil (85, 93) or second coil, particularly for detecting a movement of the pulsation body (69) relatively to the housing (3') and/or for producing a movement of the drive body (75) relative to the housing (3'), the third coil (79) or the fourth coil and/or the device for increasing the friction resistance, particularly for coupling the pulsation body (69) and the drive body (75) so as to be secure in respect of entrainment if required.
25. A sound transducer head according to claim 24, characterised in that the open and/or closed loop control device (83) is operatively connected to at least one active element, preferably a radio, engine bearing, damper and/or shaker on a splashback, particularly for transmitting movement information of the pulsation body (69) to the active element.
26. A sound transducer head according to any one of claims 2 to 25, characterised in that the first membrane (13, 13', 13", 13'''), the piston, the disc (100), the second membrane (31, 31', 31''), the separating disc (107) and/or the sound radiation disc (106) comprise/comprises an elastomer, a reinforcing fabric, a plastic, a sheet metal and/or a metal, preferably aluminium.
27. A sound transducer head according to any one of claims 2 to 26, characterised in that the first membrane (13, 13', 13", 13'''), the second membrane (31, 31', 31"), and/or the separating disc (107) have/has at least in zones different thicknesses, different flexibilities and/or different shapes, preferably to provide a stiffer middle zone (13'b, 31'b, 107b) and a more flexible edge zone (13'a, 31'a, 107a) and/or is/are of multi-part construction.
28. A sound transducer head according to any one of claims 2 to 27, characterised in that the prestressing of the first membrane (13, 13', 13", 13'''), of the second membrane (31, 31', 31") and/or of the separating disc (107) and/or the size of at least one vibratable zone of the first membrane (13, 13', 13", 13'''), of the second membrane (31, 31', 31'''), and/or of the separating disc (107) is/are open and/or closed loop controllable particularly during operation of the sound transducer head (1, 1', 1", 1''', 1'''', 1''''').
29. A sound transducer head in an exhaust gas and/or intake zone of an internal combustion engine, particularly for a motor vehicle, with a sound transducer head (1, 1', 1" , 1''', 1'''', 1''''') according to any one of the preceding claims.
30. A sound transducing method, particularly in a motor vehicle, using a sound transducer head and/or sound transducer, particularly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by
    excitation, particularly by means of intake and/or exhaust gas pulsations of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, of a first pulsation conversion element disposed in a first section of the sound transducer head and relieved of pressure by means of a pressure equalisation device, and generation of a movement of a second pulsation conversion element by transmitting a movement of the first pulsation conversion element to the second pulsation conversion element by means of a transmission device.
31. A method according to claim 30, characterised in that the movement is transmitted by a substantially rigid connection between the first pulsation conversion element and the second pulsation conversion element.
32. A method according to claim 31, characterised in that the substantially rigid connection between the first pulsation conversion element and the second pulsation conversion element is made or the connection is broken by means of a connecting device, preferably automatically and/or manually, particularly during operation of the sound transducer head, as required, preferably in dependence on the frequency of the pulsations fed to the sound transducer head.
33. A method according to claim 30 or 32, characterised in that the movement of the first pulsation conversion element is scanned by a scanning device, preferably electromagnetically, a movement signal is generated by the scanning device, the movement signal is processed, preferably electronically, particularly amplified, by means of an open and/or closed loop control device, and the second pulsation conversion element is moved by a drive device in dependence on the movement signal.
34. A sound transducer head according to claim 33, characterised in that the movement signal is fed to at least one active element and/or at least one additional signal is superimposed on the movement signal at least periodically to drive the second pulsation conversion element.

Images