EP1432530B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung von hochdruckultraschallimpulsen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung von hochdruckultraschallimpulsen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1432530B1
EP1432530B1 EP02793156A EP02793156A EP1432530B1 EP 1432530 B1 EP1432530 B1 EP 1432530B1 EP 02793156 A EP02793156 A EP 02793156A EP 02793156 A EP02793156 A EP 02793156A EP 1432530 B1 EP1432530 B1 EP 1432530B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric field
application
transducer
polarisation
sub
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02793156A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1432530A1 (de
Inventor
Dominique Cathignol
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Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
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Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0215—Driving circuits for generating pulses, e.g. bursts of oscillations, envelopes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of generation ultrasonic pulses of very high intensity, that is to say of the order of several hundreds of bars, even thousands.
  • the present invention relates to applications particularly in the field of non-destructive testing of a material or structure, or in the medical field (Lithotripsy, tissue destruction by cavitation etc).
  • Ultrasonic pulses are produced in a coupling medium, using of a source having a piezoelectric transducer which, when a voltage is applied to it, produces an acoustic wave which is usually focused to achieve high pressures.
  • a source having a piezoelectric transducer which, when a voltage is applied to it, produces an acoustic wave which is usually focused to achieve high pressures.
  • antenna gain the relation between the pressure at the focus and the pressure at the surface of the transducer.
  • Such an antenna gain is a function of the frequency transmitted, as well as the opening, that is to say the ratio between the focal length and the diameter of the transducer.
  • the generation of a pressure wave of 1000 bars in the focus of a lithotripter can be obtained with a cup-shaped source, whose diameter is approximately 45 cm and whose pressure on the surface is about 10 bars, with a frequency of 400 kHz.
  • the device for producing sound pulses described by this patent can not be used in practice in an application including lithotripsy.
  • the waveform produced by such a device does not respect the constraints associated with an acoustic shock wave.
  • the prestress applied to the transducer leads to the generation of a relaxation wave of substantially value equal to that of the compression wave generated subsequently. This wave of relaxation induces cavitation, which impairs the good propagation of the compression wave following.
  • the prestress applied to the transducer inevitably leads to his depolarization.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to remedy the disadvantages of the state of the technique by proposing a device adapted to produce pulses high-pressure ultrasound, without creating a prior relaxation wave and designed to avoid depolarizing the piezoelectric transducer while being realized so simple.
  • the means ensure the application of a voltage progressive with a rise time to create an opposite electric field in the sense of polarization, during a period of application less than that leading to the depolarization of the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a production device ultrasound pulses of high pressure adapted to prevent depolarization of the transducer which, in particular, has a high amplitude polarization likely to gradually lead to depolarization.
  • the device for generating pulses ultrasound system comprises means for applying a voltage ensuring the application of a transient electric field during a application time greater than or equal to the duration of application of the electric field of opposite to the direction of polarization to allow the possible repolarization of the ultrasonic transducer.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 are various schematic views of an ultrasonic pulse generating device according to the invention, according to different operating positions.
  • Fig. 4 is a timing diagram for illustrating the operating principle of the device according to the invention.
  • the device for producing high pressure ultrasonic pulses comprises an ultrasonic transducer 2 , of piezoelectric type, forming a source of production of an acoustic wave in a coupling medium.
  • This transducer 2 comprises electrodes 3 , parallel to each other and connected to means 4 for applying a voltage.
  • the transducer 2 is not described more precisely because its constitution is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 2 may comprise, as active element for generating an acoustic wave, any type of piezoelectric material, such as piezo-ceramic, piezo-composite, piezoelectric polymer.
  • the transducer 2 has a polarization whose direction is represented by the arrow f 1 , in a direction which is perpendicular to the electrodes 3 .
  • the transducer 2 thus operates in compression / extension mode, insofar as the polarization direction, peculiar to the piezoelectric material, is parallel to the electric field created by the electrodes 3 when an electrical voltage is applied to its terminals. .
  • the deformation of the piezoelectric material of the transducer is essentially in a direction parallel to the electric field.
  • the means 4 ensure the application of an electrical prestress to the transducer 2, prior to the production of an ultrasonic wave of high pressure.
  • the means 4 are controlled to apply a progressive electrical voltage to the electrodes 3 of the transducer 2, so as to create, in the piezoelectric material, an electric field represented by an arrow f 2 , in a direction opposite to the direction of polarization f 1 , in order to gradually compress the transducer 2.
  • the progressive electrical voltage applied to the electrodes 3 is such that the transducer 2 is subjected to an electric field of direction f 2 opposite to the polarization, so that the transducer 2 compresses gradually.
  • the transducer 2 is compressed gradually because it is recalled that the pressure generated is proportional to the rate of change (derivative) of the voltage.
  • the control voltage V 2 of duration T leads to the application on the electrodes 3 of the transducer, of a progressive electrical voltage with a rise time t 2m , represented by the corresponding part of the voltage V 4 .
  • the means 4 ensure the application of an electric voltage V 3 for creating, in the piezoelectric material, a transient electric field in the same direction as that of the polarization.
  • V 3 an electric voltage
  • the transducer 2 is subjected to an electric field, represented by the arrow f 3 , in the same direction as that f 1 of polarization.
  • the transducer 2 undergoes, from the previous state, an extension, so that it emits a compression wave 5 into the coupling medium.
  • the object of the invention is a simple method for ensuring the emission of an ultrasonic wave 5 by progressively compressing the transducer 2 by applying to it, via a voltage progressive electric, an electric field of direction opposite to the direction of polarization of the transducer, then an electric field of the same direction as that of polarization which leads to its extension.
  • the transducer 2 was initially compressed before being elongated, it can be considered that the transducer 2 is little removed from its initial state, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the transducer 2 undergoes an elongation sufficiently weak not to break.
  • progressively pre-stressing the transducer 2 does not lead to the appearance of an expansion wave that can hinder the propagation of the compression wave.
  • the means 4 ensure the application of an electrical voltage allowing the application of an electric field of direction f 2 opposite to the direction of polarization f 1 during a duration of application T less than that leading to the depolarization of the piezoelectric transducer 2 ( FIG 4 ).
  • the duration of application T of this progressive electrical voltage ensuring the application of an electric field of direction opposite to the direction of polarization is greater than 10 ⁇ s and is preferably of the order of 100 ⁇ s.
  • the application of a progressive voltage for a limited time makes it possible to preload the transducer 2 progressively without depolarizing it.
  • the means 4 ensure the application of an electrical voltage V 3 to create the transient electric field of the same direction f 3 as that f 1 of the polarization, during a time of application t 3 between 1 ⁇ s and 1 s and, preferably, of the order of 100 ms.
  • the application time t 3 of the transient electric field is greater than or equal to the duration of application T of the electric field of opposite direction f 2 in polarization direction f 1 to allow the repolarization of the ultrasonic transducer piezoelectric 2 , in the event that a minimal depolarization would have appeared, especially in the particular case of polarization of the transducer 2 with a high amplitude.
  • the voltage V 3 generating the compression wave gradually returns to its initial value (0 volts) to allow the repolarization of the transducer.
  • the means 4 ensure the application of an electrical voltage V 3 ensuring the application of a transient electric field of the same direction f 3 as that f 1 of the polarization during a rise time t 3m between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ s and preferably between 1 and 10 ⁇ s in the case of lithotripsy.
  • the third chronogram of fig. 4 shows the shape of the electrical voltage V 4 across the transducer 2.
  • the progressive electrical voltage ensuring the application of an electric field of direction f 2 opposite to the direction of polarization f 1 , has a rise time t 2m greater than the rise time t 3m of the transient electric field, so as to minimize the influence of a parasitic wave, namely relaxation.
  • this rise time t 2m is greater than at least ten times the rise time t 3m of the transient electric field.
  • the object of the invention thus makes it possible to have a production device an ultrasonic wave of high pressure.
  • a maximum pressure 35 bars (before deterioration) for a transducer not implementing the object of the invention.
  • the application means 4 of the electrical voltages across the electrodes can be made in any suitable manner by one or two generators for example.
  • the transducer may receive any shape, such as a cup-shaped embodiment.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Hochdruckultraschallimpulsen, umfassend:
    eine Ultraschallquelle, welche einen mit piezoelektrischen Elektroden (3) versehenen Wandler (2) umfaßt und eine Polarisierungsrichtung (f1) in einer gegebenen Richtung aufweist,
    Mittel (4) zum Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Elektroden (3) des Ultraschallwandlers (2), wobei - um das Ausstrahlen einer Ultraschallwelle zu erhalten -folgendes gewährleistet wird:
    Anlegen eines elektrischen Feldes der Richtung (f2), welche der Polarisierungsrichtung (f1) entgegengesetzt ist, um den Ultraschallwandler (2) zu komprimieren:
    danach Anlegen eines vorübergehenden elektrischen Feldes in derselben Richtung (f3) wie der Polarisierungsrichtung (f1), um das Ausstrahlen einer Ultraschallkompressionswelle im Ankoppelmittel zu erhalten,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (4) das Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung mit einer Anstiegszeit (t2m) gewährleisten, um ein elektrisches Feld mit einer Richtung (f2) zu erzeugen, die der Polarisierungsrichtung (f1) entgegengesetzt ist, während einer Anlegezeit (T), die geringer ist, als jene, die zur Depolarisierung des piezoelektrischen Ultraschallwandlers führt.
  2. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Hochdruckultraschallimpulsen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anlegdauer (T) einer elektrischen Spannung, welche das Anlegen eines elektrischen Feldes mit der Richtung (f2), die der Polarisierungsrichtung (f1) entgegengesetzt ist, gewährleistet, über 10 µs und vorzugsweise in der Größenordnung von 100 µs liegt.
  3. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Hochdruckultraschallimpulsen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (4) zum Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung (V3) das Anlegen eines vorübergehenden elektrischen Feldes in derselben Richtung (f3) wie der Polarisierungsrichtung (f1) während einer Anlegzeit (t3) gewährleisten, welche zwischen 1 µs und 1 s und vorzugsweise in der Größenordnung von 100 ms liegt.
  4. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Hochdruckultraschallimpulsen nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (4) zum Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung (V3) das Anlegen eines vorübergehenden elektrischen Feldes in derselben Richtung (f3) wie der Polarisierungsrichtung (f1) während einer Anstiegszeit (t3m) gewährleisten, die zwischen 0,1 und 20 µs liegt.
  5. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Hochdruckultraschallimpulsen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die progressive elektrische Spannung, welche das Anlegen eines elektrischen Feldes in der Richtung (f2), die der Polarisierungsrichtung (f1) entgegengesetzt ist, gewährleistet, eine Anstiegszeit (t2m) aufweist, die über der Anstiegszeit (t3m) des vorübergehenden elektrischen Feldes liegt.
  6. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Hochdruckultraschallimpulsen nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anstiegszeit (t2m) über mindestens dem Zehnfachen der Anstiegszeit (t3m) des vorübergehenden elektrischen Feldes liegt.
  7. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Hochdruckultraschallimpulsen nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anlegzeit (t3) des vorübergehenden elektrischen Feldes größer oder gleich der Anlegdauer (T) des elektrischen Feldes der Richtung (f2) ist, die der Polarisierungsrichtung (f1) entgegengesetzt ist, um eine eventuelle Repolarisierung des Ultraschallwandlers (2) zu ermöglichen.
EP02793156A 2001-10-04 2002-10-04 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung von hochdruckultraschallimpulsen Expired - Lifetime EP1432530B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0112774 2001-10-04
FR0112774A FR2830468B1 (fr) 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 Dispositif et procede de production d'impulsions ultrasonores de forte pression
PCT/FR2002/003390 WO2003028904A1 (fr) 2001-10-04 2002-10-04 Dispositif et procede de production d'impulsions ultrasonores de forte pression

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1432530A1 EP1432530A1 (de) 2004-06-30
EP1432530B1 true EP1432530B1 (de) 2005-04-27

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EP02793156A Expired - Lifetime EP1432530B1 (de) 2001-10-04 2002-10-04 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung von hochdruckultraschallimpulsen

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US (1) US7264597B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1432530B1 (de)
JP (2) JP2005503921A (de)
CN (1) CN1326634C (de)
AT (1) ATE294028T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60203922T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2830468B1 (de)
IL (2) IL161254A0 (de)
WO (1) WO2003028904A1 (de)

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ATE319378T1 (de) 2001-12-03 2006-03-15 Ekos Corp Katheter mit mehreren ultraschall-abstrahlenden teilen
US8226629B1 (en) 2002-04-01 2012-07-24 Ekos Corporation Ultrasonic catheter power control
US8088067B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2012-01-03 Insightec Ltd. Tissue aberration corrections in ultrasound therapy
US7611462B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2009-11-03 Insightec-Image Guided Treatment Ltd. Acoustic beam forming in phased arrays including large numbers of transducer elements
US8409099B2 (en) 2004-08-26 2013-04-02 Insightec Ltd. Focused ultrasound system for surrounding a body tissue mass and treatment method
US20080229749A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2008-09-25 Michel Gamil Rabbat Plug in rabbat engine
US20070016039A1 (en) 2005-06-21 2007-01-18 Insightec-Image Guided Treatment Ltd. Controlled, non-linear focused ultrasound treatment
US8608672B2 (en) 2005-11-23 2013-12-17 Insightec Ltd. Hierarchical switching in ultra-high density ultrasound array
US8235901B2 (en) * 2006-04-26 2012-08-07 Insightec, Ltd. Focused ultrasound system with far field tail suppression
US10182833B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2019-01-22 Ekos Corporation Power parameters for ultrasonic catheter
ES2538110T3 (es) 2007-01-08 2015-06-17 Ekos Corporation Parámetros de potencia para catéter ultrasónico
EP2170181B1 (de) 2007-06-22 2014-04-16 Ekos Corporation Verfahren und gerät zur behandlung von intrakraniellen blutungen
US8251908B2 (en) 2007-10-01 2012-08-28 Insightec Ltd. Motion compensated image-guided focused ultrasound therapy system
US8425424B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2013-04-23 Inightee Ltd. Closed-loop clot lysis
US8617073B2 (en) 2009-04-17 2013-12-31 Insightec Ltd. Focusing ultrasound into the brain through the skull by utilizing both longitudinal and shear waves
EP2448636B1 (de) 2009-07-03 2014-06-18 Ekos Corporation Leistungsparameter für einen ultraschallkatheter
US9623266B2 (en) 2009-08-04 2017-04-18 Insightec Ltd. Estimation of alignment parameters in magnetic-resonance-guided ultrasound focusing
US9289154B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2016-03-22 Insightec Ltd. Techniques for temperature measurement and corrections in long-term magnetic resonance thermometry
WO2011024074A2 (en) 2009-08-26 2011-03-03 Insightec Ltd. Asymmetric phased-array ultrasound transducer
US8661873B2 (en) 2009-10-14 2014-03-04 Insightec Ltd. Mapping ultrasound transducers
US8368401B2 (en) 2009-11-10 2013-02-05 Insightec Ltd. Techniques for correcting measurement artifacts in magnetic resonance thermometry
US8932237B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2015-01-13 Insightec, Ltd. Efficient ultrasound focusing
US9852727B2 (en) 2010-04-28 2017-12-26 Insightec, Ltd. Multi-segment ultrasound transducers
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US9981148B2 (en) 2010-10-22 2018-05-29 Insightec, Ltd. Adaptive active cooling during focused ultrasound treatment
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Publication number Publication date
DE60203922D1 (de) 2005-06-02
CN1564717A (zh) 2005-01-12
EP1432530A1 (de) 2004-06-30
CN1326634C (zh) 2007-07-18
DE60203922T2 (de) 2006-02-16
IL161254A (en) 2007-12-03
FR2830468B1 (fr) 2004-02-20
ATE294028T1 (de) 2005-05-15
JP2005503921A (ja) 2005-02-10
IL161254A0 (en) 2004-09-27
JP5280761B2 (ja) 2013-09-04
FR2830468A1 (fr) 2003-04-11
US20040254506A1 (en) 2004-12-16
US7264597B2 (en) 2007-09-04
WO2003028904A1 (fr) 2003-04-10
JP2009022012A (ja) 2009-01-29

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