EP1428215A1 - Procede et appareil de mise en forme de train de donnees - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de mise en forme de train de donnees

Info

Publication number
EP1428215A1
EP1428215A1 EP02724511A EP02724511A EP1428215A1 EP 1428215 A1 EP1428215 A1 EP 1428215A1 EP 02724511 A EP02724511 A EP 02724511A EP 02724511 A EP02724511 A EP 02724511A EP 1428215 A1 EP1428215 A1 EP 1428215A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
header
data stream
data
medium
track
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02724511A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arnoldus W. J. Oomen
Leon M. Van De Kerkhof
Francesco F. M. Zijderveld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority to EP02724511A priority Critical patent/EP1428215A1/fr
Publication of EP1428215A1 publication Critical patent/EP1428215A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
    • G11B27/031—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to editing of encoded data streams and seamless playing of those data streams, in particular audio data streams, such as MPEG layer III (MP3) data streams.
  • MP3 MPEG layer III
  • the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Layer III format (briefly called MP3, officially named ISO/IEC 11172-3 and ISO/IEC 13818-3 respectively) are used extensively for representing compressed audio information.
  • the MP3 audio information is transported in a data stream that contains headers at specific intervals.
  • Each header is associated with a frame describing a predetermined number of samples of audio data in compressed form.
  • the header indicates information about the data in the frame, such as the sampling frequency of the data in the frame and the bit rate.
  • the interval between successive headers is a predetermined function of information in the header.
  • the actual number of bits needed to represent a frame can deviate from the space available in the interval between the headers. This is possible because MP3 players contain a so-called short term buffer, from which frames that need more bits to realize a certain audio quality level can read bits that are not used in frames that need less bits to realize that quality level.
  • MP3 allows frames to start at a variable offset relative to the headers.
  • space left over between headers by preceding frames can be used for data of subsequent frames .
  • MP3 provides for a pointer associated with each header. The pointer indicates the start of data of the frame associated with the header relative to the position of the header.
  • the pointer indicates the start of data of the frame associated with the header relative to the position of the header.
  • the stream a frame of data can start at a variable position preceding the associated header, in space left over by the preceding frame.
  • the position of the start of the data relative to the position of the header depends on the audio content encoded by the data stream.
  • the invention provides for a method of editing a data stream of a type that comprises headers and signal data interspersed with each other, each header specifying a distance to a subsequent header, each header corresponding to a frame of signal data, the header being associated with a pointer that points to a starting point of the signal data for that frame relative to the header, the method comprising:
  • decoders like MP3 decoders, are enabled to decode the signal data associated with that first valid header.
  • the leading data is moved after the initial header (whose pointer is set to zero) and the header is modified to create more space between it and the next header to accommodate the data that has been moved.
  • the bit rate in the first header is modified to create this space.
  • the newly created stream contains data in front of the first valid header, so that the first valid header may point back, if the pointer associated with that header points back to a location in front of the header.
  • any headers in the leading part are invalidated, for example by making their associated pointer point back in front of the leading part, or by including invalidating information in the header.
  • the leading part has a predetermined length equal to a maximum possible distance over which the pointer of the first valid header points back.
  • the invention also provides for media that contain streams that allow seamless playback.
  • Figure 1 shows an MP3 decoding system
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a stream of MP3 data
  • Figure 3 shows an editing system
  • Figure 4 shows examples of tracks
  • Figure 5 shows a further example of a track
  • Figure 6 shows a trailing part of a track.
  • FIG. 1 shows a prior art MP3 decoding system.
  • the system contains an MP3 source 10 that feeds a stream decoder 16.
  • the MP3 source 10 contains for example a storage medium (not shown) for stored MP3 data and a read-out unit (not shown) for reading that data from the storage unit, in another example, the MP3 source 10 contains an interface to a communication channel (e.g. the Internet or a radio broadcast) and an output for outputting a received MP3 stream.
  • a communication channel e.g. the Internet or a radio broadcast
  • the stream decoder 16 contains a buffer memory 160 with an input coupled to the MP3 source 10, a header detector 162 and a frame decoder 164.
  • the header detector has an input coupled to the buffer memory 160.
  • the frame decoder 164 has inputs coupled to the header detector 162 and the buffer memory 160 and an output for decoded audio.
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a stream of MP3 data.
  • the stream contains a number of headers 20a-f, with backpointers 21a-f that point to the starting points 24a-e of frames.
  • the backpointers 2 la-f are illustrated by means of arrows pointing back from the headers associated with the backpointers 21 a-f to the starting points 24a-e to which the backpointers 21 a-f point.
  • Each header 20a-f corresponds to a frame of compressed audio data.
  • a backpointer 21 a-f following the header 20a-d indicates the starting point 24a-e of data in the frame (headers and side information are not counted in the pointers).
  • the backpointer 21 a-f may be zero, in which case the starting point 24a-e follows directly after the header 20a-f.
  • the "syncword” is a specific bit pattern that facilitates the identification of headers 20a-d in the stream.
  • the ID, layer, private bit, mode, mode expansion, copyright, original/copy and emphasis fields are specific to MP3 and do not concern the invention.
  • the protection bit signals whether the header is followed by a 16 bit CRC word (Cyclic Redundancy Check; determined using a CRC 16 polynomial). After the optional CRC word follows the backpointer 21a-d (also called "main_data_begin”), which is a nine bit number, which indicates how many (8-bit) bytes the starting byte of the frame 24a-c is back from the position of the backpointer 21a-d (not counting header bytes, CRC words and side- information).
  • bitrate index field of the header contains a pointer to an entry in a table of possible bitrates. Available bit rates and corresponding bit rate indices are shown in table la
  • sampling frequency field indicates the sampling frequency used for the data. Available sampling frequencies are shown in table lb
  • bit rate and the sampling frequency determine the distance from the start of the header to the start of a subsequent header.
  • the distance in bytes is determined from the value of R, where
  • R 144 * bit_rate / sampling_frequency.
  • MP3 source 10 produces an MP3 stream as illustrated in figure 2.
  • Information from this stream is stored in buffer memory 160 of stream decoder 16.
  • Header detector 162 initially locates a header at the start of the stream by detecting the syncword of a header. Subsequently, header detector 162 uses information contained in the current header to compute the distance to a subsequent header in the stream from the bitrate index field, the sampling frequency field of the header and the padding bit. From this distance header detector 162 computes the address of the location in buffer memory 160 where the next header is stored and reads the next header and so on. The header detector 162 checks whether the correct syncword is stored at the computed location. If not, an error has occurred and the header detector has to process an error condition and has to locate the next valid header before decoding can proceed.
  • Header detector 162 sends the address of the location where the header is stored to frame decoder 164.
  • Frame decoder 164 uses this address to determine the address where the backpointer associated with the header is stored, retrieves the backpointer and uses the backpointer to compute the address where the starting point of the frame associated with the header is stored.
  • Frame decoder 164 uses this address to retrieve data from the frame, from which it decodes the audio signal.
  • FIG. 3 shows an editing system.
  • the editing system comprises a first medium 30, an editing apparatus 32 and a second medium 38.
  • the editing apparatus 32 comprises a control unit 34 and a stream processor 36.
  • the stream processor 36 is coupled between the first medium 30 and the second medium 38.
  • the control unit 34 has a control input 33 and is coupled to the stream processor 36 and the first medium 30.
  • the editing system creates newly structured data streams (tracks) in the second medium 38.
  • the newly structured data streams (tracks) are constructed so that they are decodable by MP3 decoders with a minimum effort to construct the new stream.
  • the system under control of control unit 32, will create a file structure on second medium 38 (for example a File Access Table (FAT)) that provides access to individual tracks on the second medium, for example by means of a table of pointers that point to the starting positions of tracks in the second medium 38.
  • FAT File Access Table
  • the editing system reads a data stream from the first medium 30 (which may be an (magneto-)optical storage disk, a magnetic tape, an Internet outlet etc.).
  • the editing system extracts a portion of the data stream and writes it as a newly defined track to second medium 38.
  • the newly create track is constructed so that it is decodable with a conventional MP3 decoder.
  • Second medium 38 may be one and the same as the first medium, or a separate medium of any type.
  • the data in the newly defined track is extracted from a larger stream in first medium 30 where it is not the entire content of an individual track.
  • control unit 32 receives a selection signal, which indicates the position of the first header of the newly defined track in the data stream from first medium. From this selection, control unit 32 selects a starting point of a part of the data stream that precedes the first header by a predetermined number of bits. Control unit 32 instructs stream processor 36 to read the stream from first medium 30 beginning from the starting point or from a position in front of the starting point. Moreover, control unit 32 instructs stream processor 36 to write a predetermined number of bits of data to second medium 38 starting from the starting point. This data corresponds to a predetermined part of the data stream from first medium 30 preceding the first header.
  • this data is copied from the data stream from the first medium 30 (before that position default data may be included, or data may be copied from the data stream).
  • control unit 32 instructs stream processor 36 to remove any headers from the stream written to second medium 38 before the first header.
  • the headers may be invalidated, for example by ensuring that the backpointers in those headers to the signal data point to a part of the data stream that is not sent to the second medium 38, although this incurs certain risks if the headers are interpreted wrongly by a decoder.
  • a track is created in second medium 38 that contains signal data in front of the first valid header, so that, when applied to a stream decoder 16, decoding of this track will start from the data associated with the first valid header. It is not necessary to move the data relative to the header, nor is it necessary to adjust the space between headers to create the new track.
  • the predetermined number of bits is chosen so that it spans the maximum distance over which the backpointer in the first valid header may point back. In the case of MP3 for example, a predetermined distance of at least 691 bytes is chosen, because the backpointers in MP3 can point back at most over 691 bytes, but a larger predetermined distance may be used.
  • the data stream will not contain a header at the starting point. This is no problem, but if desired, the stream processor 36 may be arranged to write an invalid header at the starting point. However, this requires additional complexity in the editing apparatus. Similarly, the stream processor 36 may be arranged to suppress data up to the point where the backpointer of the first valid header points. But this also required additional complexity.
  • Figure 4 shows a number of examples of tracks 40a-d that are newly generated from a data stream in this way. The starting points 41a-d of these tracks are shown vertically aligned. A predetermined distance after the starting point 41a-d, the track contains a first valid header 44a-d.
  • a first one 40a of these tracks corresponds to part of the data stream shown in figure 2, in which the first valid header 44a is equal to the third header 20c from the data stream in figure 2.
  • data associated with this header starts in the leading part 42a of the track 40a included before the first valid header 20c.
  • the other tracks 40b-d all contain leading parts 42b-d before their first valid header 44b-d.
  • one of the tracks 40b is shown to have a zero backpointer 45. In this case, no leading part 42b is necessary, but to avoid overhead to determine this, a leading part 42b is included nevertheless.
  • another track 40d is shown to contain a header 46 in the leading part 42d, but this header is invalid because its associated backpointer points back beyond the start of the leading part 42d of the track 40d.
  • all headers are removed from the leader part 42d (the backpointer of the first header being correspondingly updated if necessary).
  • All the tracks 40a-d shown in figure 4 can be decoded by decoder 16. This decoder 16 will load the leading part 40a-d into memory, but it will decode data only starting from the first valid header 44a-d, because this is the first valid header in the track. Earlier headers, if any, are skipped, because the backpointer to their associated data points back beyond the start of the track.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative edited data stream.
  • the edited data stream contains headers 60, 63, 64, 65, signal data between the headers 60, 63, 64, 65 and backpointers to the signal data.
  • the frame data 61 that preceded the specified header 60 in the original data stream form a position pointed at by the backpointer in the original stream is moved to a position after the header 60 in the edited data stream.
  • both the part 61 that was originally stored preceding the header and a part 62 that was originally stored after the header are now combined after the header.
  • the bit rate index in the header 60 is modified with respect to that in the original data stream, so as to make the header 60 indicate a larger distance to the next header 63 than in the original data stream.
  • the bit rate in the modified header 60 is selected so that this distance is sufficient to allow space for the data that was included between the specified header 60 and the next header in the original stream, plus the frame data 61 that has been moved to a position between these headers.
  • the bit rate is given its maximum possible value, or at least a value that results in a distance that is larger than needed. It has been found that in MP3 it is thus always possible to create sufficient distance. In general, the distance will not correspond exactly to the required amount of space, but will be larger than necessary. The resulting extra space is padded with dummy data.
  • Figure 6 shows a trailing part of a further track 50 generated by the editing system. This track corresponds to the front part of the data stream of figure 2. and ends at the position of the first valid header of the first track 40a of figure 4 or 5.
  • Decoder 16 accesses the tracks using some access information, such as for example a file access table (FAT).
  • FAT file access table
  • Such a FAT contains pointers to the starting points of tracks, such as starting points 41a-d.
  • decoder 16 When an MP3 decoder reads the track of figure 6 and the first one 40a of the tracks of figure 4 or 5 are fed in succession to decoder 16, decoder 16 will seamlessly decode the data corresponding to the data stream of figure 2. In this case the decoder 16 first receives the track 50 of figure 6, including a trailing part 52 that it will not use, because the trailing part 52 follows the data for the last valid header 54 in the track and because it is not pointed at by any next valid header in the track 50. Subsequently, decoder 16 receives the leading part 42a of the first one of the tracks 40a, but it will decode only from the first valid header 44a that it encounters in the track 40a.
  • the decoder 16 can decode the other tracks 40b-d of figure 4 or 5following the track of figure 6 without transition. It does not matter where the data for the first valid header 44a-d starts.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Management Or Editing Of Information On Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des décodeurs MP3 qui décodent des flux de données MP3 comprenant des en-têtes et des données de signal intercalés les uns par rapport aux autres. Chaque en-tête spécifie une distance jusqu'à un en-tête suivant, chaque en-tête correspondant au cadre de données de signal, l'en-tête étant associé à un pointeur qui indique un point de départ des données de signal pour ce cadre par rapport à l'en-tête. Un système de mise en forme découpe des pistes à partir de trains de données préexistants. Au moment de la mise en forme, un utilisateur signale un en-tête correspondant au début de la piste souhaitée. Cette piste provient du train de données incluant une partie du train de données indiquée par l'en-tête et précédant l'en-tête spécifié. Un nouveau train de données compatible au format MP3 est gravé sur un support. Ce nouveau train de données contient ledit en-tête comme premier en-tête valide et ladite partie du train de données précédant l'en-tête.
EP02724511A 2001-04-20 2002-04-12 Procede et appareil de mise en forme de train de donnees Withdrawn EP1428215A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02724511A EP1428215A1 (fr) 2001-04-20 2002-04-12 Procede et appareil de mise en forme de train de donnees

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01201440 2001-04-20
EP01201440 2001-04-20
PCT/IB2002/001327 WO2002086896A1 (fr) 2001-04-20 2002-04-12 Procede et appareil de mise en forme de train de donnees
EP02724511A EP1428215A1 (fr) 2001-04-20 2002-04-12 Procede et appareil de mise en forme de train de donnees

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1428215A1 true EP1428215A1 (fr) 2004-06-16

Family

ID=8180185

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02724511A Withdrawn EP1428215A1 (fr) 2001-04-20 2002-04-12 Procede et appareil de mise en forme de train de donnees

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US7149159B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1428215A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004529450A (fr)
KR (1) KR100892860B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1463442A (fr)
AR (1) AR033246A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0205094A (fr)
MY (1) MY129351A (fr)
TW (1) TWI229322B (fr)
WO (1) WO2002086896A1 (fr)

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JP2003337596A (ja) * 2002-05-20 2003-11-28 Teac Corp オ−ディオデータ処理方法及び装置
US7317867B2 (en) * 2002-07-11 2008-01-08 Mediatek Inc. Input buffer management for the playback control for MP3 players
RU2335022C2 (ru) 2003-07-21 2008-09-27 Фраунхофер-Гезелльшафт Цур Фердерунг Дер Ангевандтен Форшунг Е.Ф. Преобразование формата аудиофайла
DE10339498B4 (de) * 2003-07-21 2006-04-13 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Audiodateiformatumwandlung
KR100735359B1 (ko) * 2005-07-04 2007-07-04 삼성전자주식회사 디지털 멀티미디어 방송시스템에서의 데이터 송수신 장치및 방법
US8326609B2 (en) * 2006-06-29 2012-12-04 Lg Electronics Inc. Method and apparatus for an audio signal processing
US9514768B2 (en) 2010-08-06 2016-12-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Audio reproducing method, audio reproducing apparatus therefor, and information storage medium
US9111524B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2015-08-18 Dolby International Ab Seamless playback of successive multimedia files

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TW436777B (en) * 1995-09-29 2001-05-28 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd A method and an apparatus for reproducing bitstream having non-sequential system clock data seamlessly therebetween
AU1049899A (en) * 1997-11-29 1999-06-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. A method and device for interfacing variable-rate sampled digital audio information to a string of uniform-sized blocks, and a unitary medium so produced by write-interfacing
JP2002528003A (ja) * 1998-10-12 2002-08-27 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 記録担体にディジタル情報信号を記録する記録装置
KR100300887B1 (ko) * 1999-02-24 2001-09-26 유수근 디지털 오디오 데이터의 역방향 디코딩 방법
US6721710B1 (en) * 1999-12-13 2004-04-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method and apparatus for audible fast-forward or reverse of compressed audio content
NL1015363C2 (nl) * 2000-02-29 2001-08-30 Richard Hendricus Johannes Van Werkwijze en systeem voor het beschikbaar stellen van audio- en/of videobestanden.

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7149159B2 (en) 2006-12-12
KR100892860B1 (ko) 2009-04-15
KR20030012891A (ko) 2003-02-12
BR0205094A (pt) 2003-03-25
AR033246A1 (es) 2003-12-10
JP2004529450A (ja) 2004-09-24
WO2002086896A1 (fr) 2002-10-31
TWI229322B (en) 2005-03-11
MY129351A (en) 2007-03-30
CN1463442A (zh) 2003-12-24
US20030004708A1 (en) 2003-01-02

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