EP1425138A1 - Hammer drill and/or percussion hammer with no-load operation control that depends on application pressure - Google Patents
Hammer drill and/or percussion hammer with no-load operation control that depends on application pressureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1425138A1 EP1425138A1 EP02777083A EP02777083A EP1425138A1 EP 1425138 A1 EP1425138 A1 EP 1425138A1 EP 02777083 A EP02777083 A EP 02777083A EP 02777083 A EP02777083 A EP 02777083A EP 1425138 A1 EP1425138 A1 EP 1425138A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hammer
- percussion
- handle
- housing
- drive piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D11/005—Arrangements for adjusting the stroke of the impulse member or for stopping the impact action when the tool is lifted from the working surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D16/00—Portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
- B25D17/04—Handles; Handle mountings
- B25D17/043—Handles resiliently mounted relative to the hammer housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2211/00—Details of portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D2211/003—Crossed drill and motor spindles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2211/00—Details of portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D2211/06—Means for driving the impulse member
- B25D2211/068—Crank-actuated impulse-driving mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
- B25D2250/035—Bleeding holes, e.g. in piston guide-sleeves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
- B25D2250/131—Idling mode of tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
- B25D2250/221—Sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hammer drill and / or percussion hammer according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a hammer drill and / or percussion hammer - hereinafter referred to as a hammer - usually has an air spring hammer mechanism in which a drive piston is caused to oscillate back and forth by an electric motor by means of a crankshaft or wobble shaft drive.
- a percussion piston is arranged in front of the drive piston, so that there is a cavity between the drive piston and the percussion piston in which an air spring can form.
- the air spring transfers the back and forth movement of the drive piston to the percussion piston and drives it on the shaft of a tool (chisel) or on an intermediate striker.
- Such hammers are known in various forms.
- control With sleeve control, the relative movement of the tool to the hammer housing is transmitted either directly or via an intermediate piston to a spring-loaded control sleeve.
- the control sleeve interacts with control bores, with which an idle air duct can be opened and closed, which connects the cavity between the drive and percussion pistons, which holds the air spring, to the surroundings. Moving the control sleeve thus makes it possible to bring the cavity into communicating connection with the surroundings of the striking mechanism or to block such a connection.
- the ventilation of the air spring cavity By controlling the ventilation of the air spring cavity, the change between idle mode and blow mode can be implemented very reliably.
- the principle of sleeve control also has a disadvantage: As already explained, when the tool shank is moved into the interior of the hammer housing, the control sleeve is displaced against the action of a spring. Therefore, the pressure force to be exerted by the operator is increased by the spring force between the tool shank or an adjoining striker and the hammer housing. This is particularly disadvantageous with heavier hammers, since the spring that acts on the control sleeve must be designed in such a way that it at least supports the weight of the tool. stuff on the one hand or the weight of the hammer on the other hand to avoid an undesirable change from idle mode to impact mode.
- the invention has for its object to provide a hammer drill and / or percussion hammer in which, when the hammer is pressed onto the rock to be machined, a suitable circuit ensures a reliable change between idling and hammering operation without the pressure force to be applied by the operator increasing excessively.
- a hammer - has - like known hammers - an idle channel for connecting a cavity formed between a drive piston and a percussion piston to the environment.
- a valve for opening and closing the idle channel is provided in the idle channel.
- the hammer is characterized in that in the flow of force between the grip point and the hammer housing, a detection device for detection a pressing force that can be applied to the handle by the operator is arranged and that the valve can be controlled as a function of the detected pressing force.
- the detection device is therefore arranged at a point at which the pressing force applied by the operator can be detected as directly as possible.
- the operator's wish to move the hammer from idle mode to impact mode by applying the pressing force can be grasped much more directly than is possible with the prior art.
- the detection device can be implemented in various forms. So it is z. B. in one embodiment of the invention it is possible to move the handle relative to the hammer housing against the action of a spring system. In this case, a pressing force acting on the handle corresponds to a relative bearing between the handle and the hammer housing.
- the detection device can also be implemented by a suitable sensor system.
- the mechanically or mechatronically determined contact pressure serves as a criterion for activating the valve, by means of which the cavity in the air spring hammer mechanism can be connected to the surroundings.
- the relative travel of the tool shank or striker relative to the hammer housing for controlling the idling is not relevant, as in the prior art. Rather, the contact pressure applied by the operator or the resulting relative path of the handle relative to the hammer housing surrounding the air spring hammer mechanism becomes decisive. This ensures that the pressing or control force required for the control of idling and striking operation is not included in the pressing force to be applied by the operator, that is, it is not increased, as is the case with the prior art. The pressure force of the operator is evaluated directly, which does not have to be increased in order to overcome stronger spring forces.
- the pressing force of the operator initiated on the handle is the decisive criterion.
- a spring system is provided between the handle and the hammer housing in order to hold the handle with a predetermined spring force relative to the hammer housing.
- the pressing force can be determined by detecting a displacement of the handle relative to the hammer housing that is proportional to the pressing force.
- the spring system is part of a device for damping the vibration of the handle.
- a device for damping the vibration of the handle Particularly in the case of larger hammers, configurations are known in which the handle to be held by the operator is decoupled in terms of vibration from the rest of the hammer housing in order to achieve a certain damping and to relieve the operator. With these handle designs, the required relative mobility between the handle and the hammer housing has already been realized, so that only the relative displacement proportional to the pressing force has to be recorded.
- an axially movable sleeve which in principle corresponds to the control sleeve known from the prior art and forms a control element of the valve.
- the axial position of the sleeve can be changed depending on the pressing force applied by the operator.
- the control sleeve could only be displaced by the relative displacement between the tool and hammer housing, which - as described above - due to the differently acting weight forces and correspondingly dimensioned springs for supporting the control sleeve, led to a significant increase in the pressing force to be applied by the operator.
- the sleeve is positively connected to the handle in the axial direction, so that the relative displacement of the handle relative to the hammer housing which is applied by the operator can be transmitted directly as a relative displacement of the sleeve relative to the housing.
- the solution described is basically suitable for all known types of air spring hammer mechanism. These include e.g. B. pipe impactors, in which the drive piston and the percussion piston with the same diameter are arranged axially movable in a tube. Also known is a hollow beater percussion mechanism in which the percussion piston is hollow and in its interior receives the drive piston in an axially movable manner.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention relates, however, to a hollow piston percussion mechanism in which the drive piston is hollow and in its interior receives the percussion piston in an axially movable manner.
- the drive piston is radially surrounded by the sleeve, which in turn is guided in a striking mechanism housing. Openings or recesses are provided in the drive piston, in the sleeve and in the striking mechanism housing, which together form the idling channel.
- the sleeve serves as a control element of the valve and is able to open or close the connection between the cavity inside the drive piston and the environment of the air spring hammer mechanism depending on its axial position.
- the detection device has a sensor with which the pressing force acting on the handle can be detected against the hammer housing, in particular by the action of the handle via the spring system.
- the sensor supplies a pressure signal to a controller, which controls the valve element to open and close the valve accordingly.
- the senor is a proximity sensor or a force measuring sensor in order to be able to reliably detect the acting pressing force.
- a position sensor is also provided, with which the position of the hammer in the room can be detected and a corresponding position signal can be generated.
- the position signal is the
- Control supplied which then the pressure signal of a correction and educates to z. B. exclude unwanted weight. Does the operator work e.g. B. with the hammer down, he does not have to hold the hammer in his hand, but can support it on the floor. Conversely, when working upwards, the operator must fully support the weight of the hammer on the handle. This influence of weight can be eliminated by the position sensor.
- the main idea of the invention is to enable the hammer to be set softly, that is to say the impact operation begins when the tool is only lightly pressed onto the rock to be machined. Accordingly, the impact force acting on the tool should still be very low at this point in time and only be increased with greater pressure. This allows the tool to be positioned precisely despite the drive motor being at full speed, without jumping off the rock to be machined.
- FIG. 1A is a sectional view of a hammer and / or percussion hammer (hammer) according to the invention according to a first embodiment in percussion mode;
- FIG. 1B shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 1A
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail of the first embodiment according to FIG. 1A, but in idle mode with the tool sitting on the rock;
- 3A is a sectional view of the hammer according to the first embodiment in idle mode with the tool lifted off the rock;
- FIG. 3B shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 3A
- Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a hammer according to the invention according to a second embodiment in impact operation
- Figure 5A shows the hammer of Figure 4 in idle mode
- FIG. 5B shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 5A.
- FIGS. 4 to 5B show the hammer according to the first embodiment in different operating modes and enlarged sections.
- the hammer according to the second embodiment is shown in FIGS. 4 to 5B.
- the hammer according to the first embodiment will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- a handle 2 On a hammer housing 1, a handle 2 is axially displaceably attached via spring systems 3. At the front end of the hammer housing 1, a further handle 4 is fastened, which, however, is of no importance for the invention and is only used for better guiding the hammer.
- the spring system 3 it can be z. B. act an anti-vibration system with which the acting on the handle 2 and generated by the air spring striking mechanism or the effect of the tool vibrations and impacts on the handle 2 and thus on a handle 2b of the handle 2 encompassing hand of the operator become. If such an anti-vibration system is already provided for a known hammer, no structural changes would have to be made at this point. However, it is also possible to install only a spring system which allows the handle 2 to be displaced with respect to the handle 1, on the basis of which the pressing force acting on the handle 2 can be determined via a proportionality relationship.
- a main switch 5 for switching the hammer on and off is provided in the interior of the handle 2.
- a power cord 6 connects to the handle 2.
- An electric motor 7 is arranged in the interior of the hammer housing 1 and drives a crankshaft 9 via a gear 8.
- the crankshaft 9 generates a reciprocating movement of a hollow drive piston 11 via a connecting rod 10.
- a percussion piston 12 is received in an axially movable manner inside the sleeve-shaped drive piston 11, which can be moved back and forth.
- a cavity 13 is provided in which an air spring is formed in a known manner during the relative movement between drive piston 11 and percussion piston 12, which drives the percussion piston 12 against a striker 14 and sucks it back again after the impact has taken place, so that during the next forward movement of the drive piston 11 a new blow can take place by the percussion piston 12.
- the striker 14 acts on a shank of a tool, not shown, received in a tool holder 15.
- a front cavity 16 is provided which communicates with the surroundings of the air spring percussion mechanism via an air duct 18 provided in a wall 17 of the drive piston 11, that is to say, for. B. the rest of the interior of the hammer housing 1 is in communicating connection in impact operation. This prevents an air cushion from building up in front of the percussion piston 12 in the front cavity 16, which could hinder the percussion effect of the percussion piston 12.
- the drive piston 11, in particular its wall 17, is surrounded by a control sleeve 19.
- the control sleeve 19 is axially movable in a hammer mechanism housing 20 forming part of the hammer housing 1.
- a collar 21 is provided on the control sleeve 19, which is encompassed by a driver 22.
- the driver 22 is connected directly to an extension 2a of the handle 2, so that a form-fitting coupling between the handle 2 and the control sleeve 19 which is effective at least in the axial direction of the control sleeve 19 is realized.
- the control sleeve 19 has a radial opening 23 penetrating its wall.
- the position of the radial opening 23 is selected such that it has at least one opening 24 in the wall 17 of the attachment in every operating state.
- drive piston 11 corresponds, wherein - as in particular Fig. IB shows well - several openings 24 are formed in the wall 17 in the axial direction of the drive piston.
- a recess 25 z. B in the form of an annular channel enclosing the control sleeve 19, which opens on its underside to the inside of the hammer housing 1, that is to say to the surroundings of the air spring hammer mechanism.
- the openings 24 in the drive piston 11, the radial opening 23 in the control sleeve 19 and the recess 25 together form an idle channel through which, when the air spring hammer mechanism is idling, a communicating connection of the cavity 13 to the environment of the air spring hammer mechanism can be established.
- control sleeve 19 is displaced in the percussion mechanism housing 20 in such a way that the radial opening 23 is not above the recess 25. The connection is thus interrupted.
- the corresponding position of the control sleeve 19 is brought about in that the operator presses the handle 2 against the hammer housing 1 and the action of the spring systems 3 to the front. Accordingly, he also presses the tool against the rock to be machined.
- the relative displacement of the handle 2 relative to the hammer housing 1, which is proportional to the pressing force, is transmitted directly to the control sleeve 19, so that the desired axial position of the control sleeve 19 shown in FIGS. 1A and IB occurs.
- a seal is advantageously provided in the area of the driver 22, which prevents dirt from penetrating into the seal prevents the inside of the hammer housing.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail of the hammer from FIG. 1A, but in idle mode, the tool being seated on the rock to be machined without the operator pressing against it.
- the striker 14 By placing the tool on the rock, the striker 14 is in its rear position, which is shifted into the interior of the hammer housing 1.
- the spring system 3 presses the handle 2 backwards relative to the hammer housing 1, so that the handle 2, together with the control sleeve 19, shifts backwards.
- the radial opening 23 moves over the recess 25, so that a communicating connection is made from the cavity 13 to the surroundings of the air spring hammer mechanism via the openings 24 of the drive piston 11 which are always at the level of the radial opening 23. Accordingly, no air overpressure or underpressure and no air spring resulting therefrom can build up in the cavity 13. Rather, despite further back and forth movement of the drive piston 11, there is permanent effective ventilation of the cavity 13, so that the percussion piston 12 remains in its position.
- a second radial opening 26 formed therein has also been axially displaced such that the air channel 18 connecting the front cavity 16 to the environment is interrupted. Accordingly, the front cavity 16 is decoupled from the surroundings, so that an air supply remaining in its interior forms an air cushion that counteracts a further blow by the percussion piston 12.
- 3A and 3B finally show the hammer according to the invention in idle mode when the tool is completely lifted off the rock.
- the striker 14 is accordingly in its front position because the tool slides out of the hammer housing 1.
- the position of the handle 2 and the control sleeve 19 in relation to the hammer housing 1 is unchanged from the position shown in FIG. 2.
- the idle channel is accordingly opened via the radial opening 23, so that the cavity 13 can be ventilated.
- a pocket 27 or recess in the wall 17 of the drive piston 11 can also be seen in FIG. 3B. Via the pocket 27, the air spring in the cavity 13 can be filled with air again and again during the striking operation in order to compensate for any air losses between the strikes.
- the underlying principle is known, so there is no need for further discussion.
- a valve body 30 is inserted into the idle channel, which is very short in the second embodiment.
- the idle channel here only consists of a recess 31 in the striking mechanism housing 20 and a connecting channel 32 into which the valve body 30 is inserted.
- the valve body 30 has a through hole 33 in its interior on. As can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5A and 5B, the valve body 30 is rotatable. For this purpose, an actuator, not shown in the figures, is provided.
- valve body 30 is rotated into a position in which the through hole 33 is not arranged in the idle channel, so that the connection between the cavity 13 and the surroundings of the air spring hammer mechanism is interrupted, in FIGS. 5A and 5B one is Position of the valve body 30 can be seen, in which the through bore 33 opens the idle channel and establishes the connection between the cavity 13 and the environment.
- the handle 2 is fastened movably relative to the hammer housing 1 against the action of spring systems 3.
- the relative position between handle 2 and hammer housing 1 is detected with the aid of a proximity sensor 34.
- the proximity sensor 34 can either be designed in such a way that it is only able to distinguish between binary states, namely blow operation idle operation.
- a suitable proximity sensor to detect the exact position of the handle 2 relative to the hammer housing 1 and to evaluate it accordingly.
- the proximity sensor 34 can also - for. B. in the interior of the spring systems 3, but also independently of spring systems - a suitable force measuring sensor can be arranged, which detects the pressing force applied by the operator.
- the proximity sensor 34 generates a pressure signal corresponding to the pressure force - be it binary or proportional to the pressure force - and forwards it to a controller 35.
- the controller 35 detects that the operator presses the hammer in such a way that a transition from the idle position to the striking position is desired, the controller 35 actuates the valve actuator (not shown) in order to turn the valve body 30 into the position shown in FIG. 4 , The reverse process is initiated when the hammer is lifted and the pressing force correspondingly reduced.
- a position sensor is also provided, which detects the position of the hammer in space, in particular the inclination of the tool axis, and emits a corresponding position signal to the controller 35.
- the controller 35 evaluates the position signal in such a way that the weight forces of the tool and the hammer caused by the position and thus by the working direction, which must be additionally held by the operator on the handle 2 when working upwards, or downwards when working the tool work and support the stroke, can be taken into account when evaluating the pressure signal. This means that the pressure forces, which are otherwise very different due to the gravitational effect, can be equalized depending on the direction of use.
- Both the mechanical solution according to the first embodiment and the mechatronic solution of the further described embodiments enable the hammer to start up particularly gently.
- the operator can carefully place the tip of the tool at the desired location and, by increasing the pressing force, move the handle 2 and thus gently start the striking operation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10145464A DE10145464C2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2001-09-14 | Drill and / or impact hammer with idle control depending on the contact pressure |
DE10145464 | 2001-09-14 | ||
PCT/EP2002/010253 WO2003024672A1 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2002-09-12 | Hammer drill and/or percussion hammer with no-load operation control that depends on application pressure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1425138A1 true EP1425138A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
EP1425138B1 EP1425138B1 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
Family
ID=7699118
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02777083A Expired - Lifetime EP1425138B1 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2002-09-12 | Hammer drill and/or percussion hammer with no-load operation control that depends on application pressure |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6913088B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1425138B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4243539B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10145464C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2243767T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003024672A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9925653B2 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2018-03-27 | Black & Decker Inc. | Hammer drill |
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DE102020206450A1 (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-25 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Hand machine tool |
US20220055198A1 (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-02-24 | Makita Corporation | Power tool having hammer mechanism |
DE102020212425A1 (en) * | 2020-10-01 | 2022-04-07 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Bearing flange for a drive system of a hand-held power tool, as well as a rotary hammer with a percussion mechanism and a bearing flange |
JP2022119301A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-17 | 株式会社マキタ | impact tool |
JP2022128006A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-09-01 | 株式会社マキタ | impact tool |
JP2022127768A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-09-01 | 株式会社マキタ | impact tool |
US20230026934A1 (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-01-26 | Makita Corporation | Striking tool |
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- 2002-09-12 JP JP2003528359A patent/JP4243539B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-12 DE DE50203692T patent/DE50203692D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-12 ES ES02777083T patent/ES2243767T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-12 EP EP02777083A patent/EP1425138B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-12 US US10/485,673 patent/US6913088B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US9925653B2 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2018-03-27 | Black & Decker Inc. | Hammer drill |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040177981A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
WO2003024672A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
EP1425138B1 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
DE10145464C2 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
ES2243767T3 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
JP2005502488A (en) | 2005-01-27 |
US6913088B2 (en) | 2005-07-05 |
DE10145464A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
JP4243539B2 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
DE50203692D1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
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