EP1419374A2 - Systeme d'analyse thermo-optique pour reactions biochimiques - Google Patents

Systeme d'analyse thermo-optique pour reactions biochimiques

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Publication number
EP1419374A2
EP1419374A2 EP02796255A EP02796255A EP1419374A2 EP 1419374 A2 EP1419374 A2 EP 1419374A2 EP 02796255 A EP02796255 A EP 02796255A EP 02796255 A EP02796255 A EP 02796255A EP 1419374 A2 EP1419374 A2 EP 1419374A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction
electromagnetic radiation
chambers
reaction device
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02796255A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel BÄCHI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bestmann Lukas
DUAL, JUERG
Original Assignee
Bestmann Lukas
Dual Juerg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bestmann Lukas, Dual Juerg filed Critical Bestmann Lukas
Publication of EP1419374A2 publication Critical patent/EP1419374A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/0332—Cuvette constructions with temperature control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
    • B01L2300/1805—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
    • B01L2300/1805—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks
    • B01L2300/1822—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks using Peltier elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermo-optical analysis system which is particularly suitable for carrying out and evaluating biochemical reactions.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • the PCR is described, for example, in US-4,683,195, US-4,683,202, US-4,800,159 and US-4,695,188.
  • the principle of the PCR can be summarized as follows: A polymerase enzyme for catalyzing the amplification reaction, deoxy-ribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) as building blocks of the polynucleotides to be synthesized and oligonucleotide primers for triggering the reaction are added to a reaction mixture with the polynucleotide to be amplified and possibly other substances such as buffers. This reaction mixture is then subjected to a temperature cycle at which the mixture is brought to a defined temperature for a certain period of time.
  • dNTPs deoxy-ribonucleotide triphosphates
  • a common temperature cycle consists of first reacting the reaction mixture for a certain period (s to min) to a temperature in the range of 90-100 ° C, then for a certain period of time to a temperature in the range of 40-80 ° C, and finally that Bring the mixture to a temperature of around 70-75 ° C for a certain period of time.
  • the polynucleotide is denatured, the primers that trigger the polymerase reaction adhere, and the polymerase reaction itself.
  • This temperature cycle is repeated until a desired amount of polynucleotide is present in the mixture.
  • additional steps can be carried out, for example for cleaning the polynucleotide.
  • the amplified nucleic acid (eg DNA or RNA) can then be detected using known techniques.
  • a number of methods are described which are based, for example, on optical principles such as fluorescence measurement or on labeling the polynucleotide with radioactive substances.
  • US Pat. No. 5,589,136 and US Pat. No. 5,639,423 describe a microreactor for carrying out chemical reactions.
  • This reactor comprises a reaction chamber with an opening through which a reaction mixture to be amplified can be introduced into the reactor.
  • the reaction chamber is made of doped polysilicon and raw silicon to ensure controlled heating and cooling.
  • the reaction chamber also includes windows made of silicon nitride.
  • a heating device is arranged in the reactor opposite one of these windows. It is described that the detection can take place in a corresponding device perpendicular to the light source.
  • this system is complex. In order to carry out several processes at the same time, several separate reaction chambers have to be introduced into a reaction and detection device.
  • a reaction vessel for, for example, PCR is described in US Pat. No. 5,958,349.
  • This reaction vessel comprises two large areas for fast temperature transfer. Overall, the vessel has a triangular shape. Due to the smaller areas of the vessel, electromagnetic radiation can be introduced or read into the vessel. Multi-chamber systems for PCR and subsequent detection are known.
  • the Perkin Elmer 7700 device the 96 holes of a microtiter plate are excited by a single optical fiber. However, this must be done using complex mechanics.
  • Röche's LightCycler individual sample capillaries are sequentially subjected to a fluorescence measurement. The sample capillaries must be rotated past the excitation and detection unit.
  • the system according to the invention for carrying out chemical reactions comprises a reaction device which can be inserted into a device with optical devices and a control unit.
  • the reaction device can be filled outside or inside the device with the reaction mixture to be processed and analyzed. If the reaction device is not already in the device, the reaction device is introduced into the device after filling in order to carry out the chemical reaction and to analyze the reaction product.
  • Fig. 6 A schematic view of the structure of an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 A schematic view of the structure of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 8 The temperature cycle carried out in Example 1.
  • Fig. 9 The graph of the negative first derivative (-dF / DT) of the fluorescence measurement curve according to Example 1 for the reaction mixture with DNA of the bacterium Escherichia coli.
  • Fig. 10 The graph of the negative first derivative (-dF / DT) of the fluorescence measurement curve according to Example 1 for the reaction mixture with DNA of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • the invention relates to a reaction device comprising a sample chamber matrix (1) containing at least two reaction chambers (2), the top surfaces of which and the side walls facing a light source (24, 25) or an adjacent reaction chamber are permeable to electromagnetic radiation in a region required for fluorescence measurement ; and at least one opening (3).
  • the light sources are selected such that they emit electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of including 400 nm up to and including 700 nm.
  • lasers as light sources which emit electromagnetic radiation suitable for exciting fluorescence emission.
  • the reaction device provides a multi-chamber system which enables chemical reactions in several chambers to be carried out simultaneously and the chamber contents of several chambers to be detected in a simple manner.
  • the reaction chambers can be heated quickly, controlled and precisely with the help of the integrated heating device and / or temperature measuring device.
  • the provision of an integrated cooling device (13) also enables the reaction device and the reaction mixtures to be cooled quickly and precisely.
  • the present invention furthermore comprises an apparatus for carrying out and detecting chemical reactions, comprising a) at least two light sources which emit electromagnetic radiation in an area required for fluorescence measurement; b) a detection unit for detecting electromagnetic radiation in an area required for fluorescence measurement, this unit being arranged at right angles to the at least two light sources; c) a control unit comprising a central unit for controlling the temperature and the at least two light sources and a signal processing unit for receiving and processing a signal from the detection unit; d) an opening for receiving the above reaction device, the reaction device being located in the plane of the at least two light sources and below the detection unit.
  • This device can be used, for example, to carry out a method for carrying out a reaction which can be evaluated fluorometrically, comprising the steps of a) providing reaction mixtures which contain fluorescent constituents or are formed during the chemical reaction; b) carrying out the chemical reaction by setting at least one reaction temperature in the reaction mixtures; c) excitation of the reaction mixtures by electromagnetic radiation in a range required for fluorescence measurement; d) fluorometric evaluation of the reaction mixtures by measuring the emitted fluorescent radiation; characterized in that in step c) at least two reaction mixtures are simultaneously excited by the electromagnetic radiation and in step d) the emitted fluorescent radiation of these reaction mixtures is simultaneously detected and evaluated.
  • reaction mixtures in step c) are excited with electromagnetic radiation of different intensities, so that the intensity of the fluorescence radiation emitted by the reaction mixtures is different and the reaction mixtures can be evaluated selectively on the basis of different signal intensities.
  • Another possibility according to the invention for the selective evaluation of the content of a reaction chamber consists in selecting reaction mixtures with fluorescent constituents which emit fluorescent radiation at different frequencies, so that the reaction mixtures can be evaluated selectively on the basis of different signal frequencies.
  • the sample chamber matrix (1) comprises at least two reaction chambers (2). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, four reaction chambers (2) are provided for the sample chamber matrix (1).
  • the number of reaction chambers in the sample chamber matrix is fundamentally limited only by the physical parameters of the system according to the invention (signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal, focusing of the incident and emitted light). According to the invention, it is preferred to provide 2 to 16 reaction chambers (2), in particular at least three reaction chambers (2) in the sample chamber matrix (1) in order to enable the simultaneous processing and analysis of a test sample, a positive sample and a negative sample.
  • a number of reaction chambers (2), which form a square array of reaction chambers (2), or a single row of reaction chambers (2) is preferred for manufacturing reasons.
  • the reaction device provides a multi-chamber system which enables the chamber contents to be detected in a simple manner.
  • the reaction chambers (2) are arranged in vertical and horizontal rows relative to one another.
  • the reaction chambers (2) are illuminated by two rows of light sources arranged at right angles to one another (2 in the case of FIG. 1). With such an arrangement, the individual reaction chambers (2) can be selectively illuminated as described below. A further discussion of the arrangement of the light sources and the detection takes place below with reference to FIG. 5.
  • Adjacent reaction chambers (2) in the sample chamber matrix (1) can each be connected to one another by a side wall. As mentioned above, since this side wall is permeable to electromagnetic radiation in an area required for fluorescence measurement, the electromagnetic radiation radiated into the first chamber passes through the common wall into the subsequent second chamber if the adjacent chambers are in a row with respect to a light source are arranged.
  • a free space between adjacent reaction chambers (2) in the sample chamber matrix (1) there is also possible for there to be a free space between adjacent reaction chambers (2) in the sample chamber matrix (1).
  • devices can be provided which change, for example weaken, or prevent passage of the incident light from the first chamber into the adjacent second chamber.
  • Such a device can be, for example, filters or air channels.
  • a device in the free space by which the incident radiation is amplified can be mirrors or prisms.
  • the sample chamber matrix (1) has at least one opening (3).
  • the reaction chambers (2) can be filled or vented through this opening (3).
  • the reaction chambers (2) are connected to the opening (3) via channels (4) which are also in the sample chamber matrix.
  • a plurality of openings (3) can be provided to either allow separate filling and venting of all reaction chambers (2) or to fill or vent the reaction chambers (2) independently of one another.
  • all reaction chambers (2) are connected by channels (4) to an opening (3).
  • controllers can be provided in the channels (4), through which certain channels can be opened or closed.
  • the reaction chambers are preferably dimensioned in such a way that they can accommodate reaction mixtures with a volume in the range from 100 nl up to and including 2 ⁇ l.
  • one or more of the reaction chambers (2) can already contain one or more chemical substances before they are additionally filled with the reaction mixture to be processed and analyzed via the opening (s) (3).
  • These are preferably chemical dry substances, for example solids or freeze-dried substances. With the help of these additional substances, it is possible to treat the reaction mixture to be processed and analyzed differently in different reaction chambers (2) and in this way to determine different parameters of the reaction mixture.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of the reaction device according to the invention.
  • a sample chamber matrix (1) with reaction chambers (2), an opening (3) and channels (4) for connecting the opening (3) to the reaction chambers (2) is in a body (1 ') formed, which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in a range required for fluorescence measurement.
  • This body (1 ') is preferably a shaped piece made of glass.
  • other materials that are transparent to electromagnetic radiation in a range required for fluorescence measurement can also be used.
  • plastic materials such as acrylic glass or polycarbonate may be mentioned.
  • the corresponding parts (2) to (4) can be mechanically worked into the body (1 '), for example by cutting.
  • parts (2) to (4) are preferably incorporated chemically by etching the body (1 ').
  • the body (1 ') preferably has a thickness of 500-600 ⁇ m.
  • the reaction chambers (2) are incorporated in such a way that a side wall consisting of the material of the body (1 ') is present between adjacent reaction chambers.
  • the body (1 ') with the sample chamber matrix (1) is connected to a layer (6) made of a heat-conducting material via a thin layer (5) made of elastic plastic, for example a rubber-like material such as silicone rubber.
  • the layer (6) should have the best possible thermal conductivity, since the heat generated in the heating layer (8) is transferred to the reaction chambers (2) via the layer (6).
  • the layer (6) preferably consists of silicon or around heat-conductive silicon compounds. According to the present invention, the layer (6) preferably has a maximum thickness of 500 ⁇ m.
  • the layer (6) is connected via a thin layer (7) to a layer (1 1) made of insulating material.
  • the layer (7) ensures the connection of the layer (6) to the layer (11) without significantly influencing the heat transfer within the reaction device.
  • the layer (7) consists of an adhesive.
  • the exact nature of the layer (7) can be selected by the person skilled in the art on the basis of the materials of the layers to be connected in a simple manner according to his specialist knowledge.
  • a UV-curable adhesive for example an acrylic-based plastic, can be used as the material for the layer (7) to connect a layer (6) of silicon with a layer (11) of glass.
  • the heating layer (8) serves to heat the reaction chambers (2).
  • the heating layer (8) is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 3. It forms a heating device and / or temperature measuring device integrated in the reaction device.
  • the reaction chambers (2) can be controlled and precisely heated with the aid of the integrated heating device and / or temperature measuring device. In this case, the entire reaction device is not heated, but only the part located above the integrated heating device and / or temperature measuring device. This allows the reaction chambers (2) to be heated up much more quickly and precisely than conventional systems.
  • the heating layer (8) is arranged on the surface of the layer (1 1). According to the invention, the layer (8) is preferably made of a metal, for example copper or a noble metal such as platinum.
  • layer (8) preferably has a thickness of 500 nm-1 ⁇ m.
  • the contacts (9) of the heating device and the contacts (10) of the temperature measuring device are also arranged in the heating layer (8). These contacts are used to establish a connection between the reaction device and the control unit of the rest of the device when the reaction device is inserted into the device. 2, two contacts (9) and (10) are shown.
  • the present invention is not limited to this number of contacts.
  • the type of contacts can easily be selected by the specialist on the basis of the exact requirements. For example, it can prove to be advantageous in some cases to design the contacts as contact springs.
  • the heating layer (8) is partially formed on the surface of the layer (11).
  • the layer (1 1) consists of a heat insulating material, for example glass. This prevents the heat generated in the layer (8) from being transferred to areas of the reaction device other than the reaction chambers (2).
  • the layer (1 1) preferably has a thickness of 500 ⁇ m-2 mm.
  • the layer (1 1) is on a carrier (12).
  • This carrier (12) is made from a material conventionally used for this purpose.
  • a cooling device (13) for cooling the reaction device is arranged below the carrier (12). According to the invention, any cooling device (13) conventionally used for such applications can be used.
  • a Peltier cooling element is preferably used as the cooling device (13). By providing an integrated cooling device (13), a rapid and precise cooling of the reaction device is also possible.
  • the at least one opening (3) is preferably closed after the reaction mixture has been filled in, in order to prevent contamination of the reaction mixture.
  • a closure flap (14) is shown in FIG. 2.
  • a block (15) is attached to the underside of the closure flap (14).
  • This block (15) consists of a material with the lowest possible thermal conductivity.
  • the reaction device is thermally decoupled from the environment. Precise control of the temperature in the on chambers (2) can thus be guaranteed.
  • a layer (16) for sealing the opening (3) is applied to the surface of the block (15) facing the opening (3).
  • This layer (15) can be made of any conventional sealing material, for example rubber. It must ensure that no liquid or gas can escape from the reaction chambers (2) even at elevated temperatures.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the heating device (8a) and temperature measuring device (8b) of the reaction device according to the invention.
  • the heating device (8a) and temperature measuring device (8b) are arranged in the heating layer (8) as explained above.
  • the heating device (8a) and temperature measuring device (8b) are each designed as resistors. They are arranged in the form of loop-shaped conductor tracks on or in the heating layer (8). If the heating device (8a) is a heating resistor, it should be made of a material with the lowest possible resistance. On the other hand, the temperature measuring device (8b), if it is designed as a resistor, should be made of a material with the greatest possible resistance.
  • These conductor tracks are preferably made of a metal, for example copper or a noble metal such as platinum.
  • the heating device (8a) and temperature measuring device (8b) are particularly preferably made of the same material, for example copper or a noble metal such as platinum. This is preferred for manufacturing reasons. In this case, the material used represents a compromise between the different requirements outlined above.
  • the heating device (8a) and temperature measuring device (8b) can be formed in the heating layer (8) by customary methods, for example by etching.
  • the conductor tracks, which form the heating resistor (8a) or the temperature measuring resistor (8b), end in the respective contacts (9) and (10). When the reaction device is inserted into the rest of the device, the heating resistor (8a) and the temperature measuring resistor (8b) are connected to the control unit via the contacts (9) and (10).
  • reaction device in which different parts of the reaction device tion can be controlled with separate heating devices. This enables selective and controlled heating of individual parts of the reaction device.
  • the reaction device can contain a coding.
  • This coding contains the information as to whether and for which chemical reaction or target the reaction device is specifically provided. This is useful, for example, if additional chemical substances are specified in the reaction chambers.
  • the reaction device can be produced by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the reaction device according to the invention, in which the reaction device is arranged in a housing (19).
  • the housing (1 9) is connected to a closure flap (1 7) via a joint (18).
  • the block (15) and the sealing layer (16) described above are attached to the underside of the closure flap (17).
  • the opening (4) of the sample chamber matrix (1) is closed by the block (15) and the sealing layer (16).
  • the closure flap (1 7) there is also a window made of a material that is permeable to electromagnetic radiation in an area required for fluorescence measurement, or an opening (20).
  • the window or the opening (20) is located directly above the reaction chambers (2).
  • electromagnetic radiation from the reaction chambers (2) can radiate through the window or the opening (20) into a detection unit located above the window or the opening (20).
  • the closure flap (17) can be fixed by the holder (21).
  • the fixation can be done in any conventional way.
  • the bracket (21) is movably mounted in the joint (23).
  • the holder (21) is held under tension by a spring (22). This tension fixes the closure flap (17) when it is pressed under the holder (21).
  • the reaction device is connected to the housing (19) via the cooling device (13). In this way, heat generated in the reaction device can be released to the housing (19) via the cooling device (13).
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for carrying out and evaluating chemical reactions.
  • the device has an opening (H) for receiving the reaction device described above.
  • the reaction device is inserted into this opening (H).
  • the reaction device is filled outside the device with the reaction mixture to be processed and analyzed and then introduced into the device.
  • the reaction device in the inserted state is arranged such that the light sources (24, 25) of the device are in one plane with the reaction chambers (2).
  • a series of reaction chambers (2) can be addressed with a light source (24, 25), which form a line with the corresponding light source (24, 25).
  • two rows of light sources (24) and (25) are provided according to the invention. These rows of light sources (24) and (25) are arranged at right angles to one another such that each reaction chamber (2) is located at the intersection of the radiation from two light sources (24) and (25) arranged at right angles to one another.
  • the reaction chamber (2) located at the intersection of the radiation of two activated light sources (24, 25) is selected in each case for the corresponding analysis process.
  • the other reaction chambers (2) which are also located in the radiation region of the light sources (24, 25), are also illuminated. These other reaction chambers (2) can also be excited to emit fluorescent radiation.
  • the detection unit (28) detects the fluorescence radiation emitted by all excited reaction mixtures. However, the fluorescence radiation emitted by the reaction mixtures differs in terms of intensity.
  • the signal intensity x of each individual reaction chamber (2) can be calculated by multiplying the inverse of the matrix A on both sides of the equation. A selective evaluation of a specific reaction mixture in a specific reaction chamber (2) is thus possible.
  • the selective evaluation of a specific reaction mixture in a specific reaction chamber (2) is also possible in that components are present in the reaction mixtures in the different reaction chambers (2) which emit fluorescent radiation of different frequencies.
  • components are present in the reaction mixtures in the different reaction chambers (2) which emit fluorescent radiation of different frequencies.
  • Another method according to the invention for the selective evaluation of a certain reaction mixture in a certain reaction chamber (2) consists in preventing the emission of fluorescent radiation by fluorescence quenching in one or more reaction chambers (2). This can be done, for example, by adding substances to which the excitation energy absorbed by the fluorescent constituents of the reaction mixture is transferred due to impact effects without the emission of fluorescent radiation.
  • the reaction device (R) comprises a sample chamber matrix (1) which contains only a single row of reaction chambers (2).
  • a row of light sources (24) corresponding to the row of reaction chambers.
  • each reaction chamber (2) is assigned a single light source (24).
  • a row of three light sources (24) is therefore provided.
  • the rows of reactive on chambers (2) and light sources (24) are arranged parallel to one another, a particular reaction chamber (2) lying only in the beam path of a single light source (24). By activating this specific light source (24), only the reaction chamber (2) assigned to this light source (24) is illuminated. A selective analysis of the content of this reaction chamber (2) is thus possible.
  • the light sources preference is given to using monochromatic light sources, in particular light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers, as light sources (24, 25). Lasers are preferred due to their advantageous optical properties (e.g. emission of light of a narrow wavelength range).
  • the number of light sources depends on the number of reaction chambers (2) in the reaction device, each reaction chamber (2) preferably having two light sources (24, 25) in the case of a reaction chamber array and in the case of a single row of reaction chambers (2) each reaction chamber (2) is illuminated by a light source (24, 25).
  • the light sources are selected, for example, in such a way that they emit electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of including 400 nm to and including 700 nm. In principle, however, the excitation can also take place with electromagnetic radiation of a shorter wavelength.
  • the radiation emitted by the light sources can also have wavelengths of, for example, 200 nm.
  • Filters (26, 27) can be arranged in the line between the light sources (24, 25) and the reaction chambers (2) in order to select and adjust the electromagnetic radiation incident in the reaction chambers (2).
  • These are preferably band-pass filters, for example interference filters, which only allow electromagnetic radiation with specific wavelengths to get into the reaction chambers (2).
  • the filters (26, 27) are preferably designed in such a way that they only allow electromagnetic radiation to pass through which has a frequency different from the fluorescence radiation emitted by the reaction mixtures. This prevents erroneous radiation from the light sources with the frequency of the fluorescent radiation emitted by the reaction mixtures from reaching the detection unit (28) and being evaluated there as a signal.
  • the reaction chambers (2) are located directly below a detection unit (28).
  • the detection unit (28) is thus arranged at right angles to the light sources (24, 25) above them. As a result, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the light sources (24, 25) does not reach the detection unit (28). This only captures the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the reaction chambers (2).
  • the detection unit (28) is preferably a photon counting module.
  • other detector systems used in fluorescence measurement can also be used.
  • a lens (29) is preferably arranged between the detection unit and the reaction chambers (2). This serves to focus the radiation emitted from the reaction chambers onto the detection unit (28).
  • One or more filters (30) can also be arranged in the line between the detection unit (28) and the reaction chambers (2) in order to select and selectively evaluate the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the reaction chambers (2).
  • These are preferably band-pass filters, for example interference filters, which only allow electromagnetic radiation with specific wavelengths to reach the detection unit (28).
  • the filter (30) is preferably designed in such a way that it only allows electromagnetic radiation that has a frequency different from the radiation emitted by the light sources (24, 25) to pass through. This prevents erroneous radiation from entering the detection unit (28) directly from the light sources (24, 25) and being evaluated there as a signal.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises a control unit.
  • This comprises a central unit, for example a microprocessor, with which the light sources (24, 25) are activated, the heating device (8a) and the temperature measuring device (8b) are controlled.
  • the device further comprises a signal processing unit with which signals sent by the detection unit (28) are recorded and processed.
  • the signals entering the central unit and / or signal processing unit are the signals emanating from the central unit are changed outside the central unit in units for amplifying or modulating signals, for example in measuring amplifiers, power amplifiers or digitizing units, before entering the central unit or after leaving the central unit.
  • Software for system operation is also included in the control unit. This software can be selected according to the operations to be performed on the system.
  • the control unit is preferably connected to the heating device (8a) and the temperature measuring device (8b) via the contacts (9, 10) when the reaction device is in the position inserted into the device.
  • the temperature can thus be regulated very quickly and precisely.
  • the reaction chambers (29) can be addressed selectively by activating different light sources (24, 25).
  • the arrangement and control of the optical system in the device make it possible to process and evaluate even reaction mixtures with a small volume.
  • the control unit can additionally comprise an input device, for example a keyboard field or a keyboard, and / or a display device, for example a monitor or a liquid crystal display.
  • the device according to the invention can be operated via these devices.
  • the control unit can also contain one or more interfaces.
  • the control unit can be connected to external devices via these interfaces.
  • the control unit can be connected to an external computer via a suitable interface, via which the device according to the invention can then be operated.
  • the control unit can also be connected to a printer via a suitable interface.
  • control unit can be arranged within the device according to the invention. Alternatively, the control unit can also be provided outside the device according to the invention. This embodiment is shown in FIG. 6.
  • a control device (31) contains the control unit.
  • the control device (31) contains a keyboard (32) and a display (33) for operation.
  • the control device is connected to the Device connected in which the reaction device is inserted.
  • the device is constructed as described in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment of the system according to the invention is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the control unit is located within the device according to the invention.
  • a keyboard (32) and a display (33) are provided for operation.
  • the device can be connected to an external computer and / or an external printer via suitable interfaces.
  • the reaction device (R) is preferably inside the device during the filling with reaction mixture. Filling can take place via the accessible opening (34).
  • the opening (34) communicates with the reaction chambers of the reaction device (R) via channels (not shown).
  • the device is otherwise constructed as described in FIG. 5. The chemical reaction and the subsequent evaluation are carried out as described above. After single use, the reaction device (R) can be removed through the opening (35) and cleaned or replaced.
  • the system according to the invention is based on a fluorescence measurement for evaluation. In principle, however, other optical methods used for evaluating chemical reaction mixtures could also be used.
  • the reaction device according to the invention is basically intended for single use. But it can also be cleaned and used several times.
  • Chemical reactions can be carried out and carried out with the system according to the invention.
  • the system of reaction device and device is suitable for carrying out chemical reactions in which controlled temperature cycles have to be carried out.
  • An example of such a reaction is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) described in the introduction.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • the system according to the invention can also be used exclusively for the detection of reaction mixtures.
  • a measurement of very small volumes can advantageously be carried out with the system according to the invention. It is therefore also advantageous to fill the reaction chambers of the reaction device with substances which can be detected fluorometrically without carrying out a chemical reaction, and to evaluate them with the system according to the invention.
  • the reaction device outside the rest of the device is first filled with the reaction mixture or mixtures to be processed and analyzed. This is usually done by filling conventional syringes with the reaction mixture or mixtures to be processed and analyzed and then introducing the syringe contents into at least one opening (3). In principle, however, pipettes, micropipettes or special cartridges or ink-jet techniques are also suitable for this. After filling, the at least one opening (3) is closed as described above and the reaction device is inserted into the device.
  • the actual chemical reaction is carried out in the device according to methods known to the person skilled in the art and depending on the respective reaction.
  • PCR a defined temperature cycle is run through several times in the device and the reaction chambers (2) and their contents are brought to different temperatures over specified periods of time.
  • the temperature cycles, temperatures and time periods to be used for the PCR are known.
  • the PCR can be carried out in all known variants with the aid of the system according to the invention.
  • a preferred embodiment according to the present invention consists in heating a reaction mixture containing the nucleic acid template to be amplified and analyzed, primer, polymerase, dNTPs and fluorescent probes to 90-100 ° C.
  • this temperature cycle should be run through about 30-50 times, preferably about 35-40 times, until a sufficient amount of the desired DNA is present.
  • a fluorescence measurement as described below can be carried out to monitor the progress of the reaction.
  • a fluorescence measurement of the reaction mixture is then carried out.
  • the reaction mixture is subjected to a continuous temperature increase, for example with a heating rate of 0.1 ° C./s up to 10 ° C./s, while electromagnetic radiation is introduced with a wavelength suitable for the fluorescence measurement.
  • a heating rate for example with a heating rate of 0.1 ° C./s up to 10 ° C./s
  • electromagnetic radiation is introduced with a wavelength suitable for the fluorescence measurement.
  • the radiation emitted by the reaction mixture in the reaction chamber (2) is collected by the detection unit and converted into an electrical signal.
  • This signal if necessary after prior modulation and / or amplification, is fed into the control unit of the system and evaluated there with appropriate software.
  • the evaluation of fluorometric measurements is known.
  • the result of the fluorescence measurement is preferably output in the form of the first negative derivative (-dF / dT).
  • the reaction chambers (2) were filled with two reaction mixtures via the opening (3) of the sample chamber matrix (1).
  • One of the reaction mixtures contained small amounts of nucleic acids from the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli).
  • the second reaction mixture contained small amounts of nucleic acids from the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • the reaction chambers (2) were filled using conventional means Insulin syringes.
  • the opening (3) was then closed and the reaction device was introduced into the device.
  • the temperature profile shown in FIG. 7 was applied to the reaction chambers (2). After the reaction mixtures have been heated to 95 ° C. over a period of 250 s, the mixture is cooled to 48 ° C.
  • the fluorescence measurement was carried out while the reaction mixtures in the reaction chambers were slowly heated. The fluorescence decreases with increasing temperature. At the melting temperature, 50% of the probes are melted from the nucleic acid. At this point, a maximum is visible in the first negative derivative (-dF / dT) of the measurement curves, which is specific for a specific reaction mixture.
  • the system according to the invention it is thus possible to differentiate between different polynucleotides (DNA or RNA) in a reaction mixture. It is also possible to detect various mutations in polynucleotides using the system according to the invention.
  • the system according to the invention can thus be used for the detection of bacteria, viruses or certain DNA mutations.
  • the system according to the invention can thus also be used in the field of pharmacogenomics, i.e. therapy individually designed according to the patient's genetic predisposition, or for phytochemistry, veterinary medicine, veterinary biochemistry, microbiology or generally for areas in which polynucleotide analysis must be carried out.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif réactionnel comprenant une matrice de compartiments d'échantillons (1) comprenant: au moins deux compartiments réactionnels (2) dont les parois sont perméables au rayonnement électromagnétique dans une zone requise pour la mesure de fluorescence; au moins une ouverture (3); un système de chauffage (8a); et un système de mesure de température (8b). L'invention a également pour objet un appareil (G) destiné à la mise en oeuvre et à la détection de réactions chimiques, comprenant: au moins une source de lumière (24, 25) qui émet un rayonnement électromagnétique dans une zone requise pour la mesure de fluorescence; une unité de détection (28) destinée à détecter le rayonnement électromagnétique dans une zone requise pour la mesure de fluorescence, ladite unité (28) étant disposée à angle droit par rapport à la/aux source(s) de lumière (24, 25); une unité de commande comprenant une unité centrale destinée à la régulation de la température et à la commande de la/des source(s) de lumière (24, 25), et à l'acquisition et éventuellement au traitement d'un signal issu de l'unité de détection (28); une ouverture (H) destinée à recevoir le dispositif réactionnel (R) en saillie, le dispositif réactionnel (R), lorsqu'il est mis en place, pouvant communiquer avec l'unité de commande et se trouvant dans le plan de la/des source(s) de lumière (24, 25) et en dessous de l'unité de détection (28). Le dispositif réactionnel (R) et l'appareil (G) conviennent à la mise en oeuvre et à l'évaluation de réactions chimiques ou de réactions biochimiques telles que la réaction en chaîne polymérase.
EP02796255A 2001-08-21 2002-08-21 Systeme d'analyse thermo-optique pour reactions biochimiques Withdrawn EP1419374A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH15442001 2001-08-21
CH154401 2001-08-21
PCT/EP2002/009340 WO2003019158A2 (fr) 2001-08-21 2002-08-21 Systeme d'analyse thermo-optique pour reactions biochimiques

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EP (1) EP1419374A2 (fr)
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CN104023834B (zh) 2011-05-04 2016-09-28 卢米耐克斯公司 用于集成的样品制备、反应和检测的设备与方法
CN103969236A (zh) * 2014-05-07 2014-08-06 华中科技大学 一种便携式病原体检测仪
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WO2003019158A2 (fr) 2003-03-06
US7521179B2 (en) 2009-04-21
AU2002333497A1 (en) 2003-03-10
WO2003019158A3 (fr) 2003-11-13
US20040241691A1 (en) 2004-12-02

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