EP1415090A1 - Wind or water generator with rotating blades - Google Patents

Wind or water generator with rotating blades

Info

Publication number
EP1415090A1
EP1415090A1 EP02745698A EP02745698A EP1415090A1 EP 1415090 A1 EP1415090 A1 EP 1415090A1 EP 02745698 A EP02745698 A EP 02745698A EP 02745698 A EP02745698 A EP 02745698A EP 1415090 A1 EP1415090 A1 EP 1415090A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind
blades
vertical shaft
horizontal shafts
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02745698A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vladimiros Manelidis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1415090A1 publication Critical patent/EP1415090A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/065—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having a cyclic movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/218—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis with horizontally hinged vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • This invention refers to wind generator which transform the wind power.
  • the wind generators are used in order to transform the aeolian power into mechanic or electric one.
  • the defects of the wind generator are the fact that for its operation is required a mechanism, which orientates the wind generator towards the wind direction. This has a great frontal resistance to the wind flow so as not being broken the blades, the use of very durable materials is necessary. In addition this has a low output.
  • the defects of the wind generator with the vertical revolving shaft are: the wind generator of this type is useful only when the wind power is big enough and a motor is required which puts the wind generator into operate at the initial moment. This wind generator has also a low output.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to delete all the defects mentioned above.
  • the achievement of this purpose comes true as follows:
  • the four wind generator blades are hung, in pairs, on two separated horizontal shafts which between them, form an angle of ninety degrees (90°).
  • These two horizontal shafts are placed on a vertical shaft. Every blade pair on the horizontal shaft is placed in an angle of ninety degrees (90°) between themselves.
  • These horizontal shafts along with the blades can rotate around their shafts in an angle of ninety degrees (90°).
  • p - is the density of the wind
  • ⁇ - is the flow speed
  • L - are the linear dimensions of the blade.
  • the blade which is located lengthwise to the wind flow has minimal resistance to the wind.
  • the wind revolving the wind generator without any additional mechanism, locates automatically the pair blades one lengthwise and the other across to the flow, regardless the direction from which the wind blows.
  • the implementation of this construction enables the creation of a simple, reliable and with a great output wind generator. All the equipment, such as: the electric generator, the pump etc. are located on the ground. This means that to facilitated their installation, service and repair.
  • wind generators can be located into levels, so as the power of the wind generator will increase, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 1 The main point of this invention is clarified by the drawing of Fig. 1, where the shape of the wind generator is depicted.
  • a vertical shaft (5) where two separated and in perpendicularly position horizontal shafts (6), (7), are hung through four bearings (8).
  • On these horizontal shafts (6), (7) are fixed blades (1), (3) and (2), (4) in pairs, which form an angle of ninety degrees (90°) between them.
  • the four stoppers are fixed (9).
  • the horizontal shafts (6), (7) along with the blades (1), (3) and (2), (4) can rotate around their shafts in an angle of ninety degrees (90°).
  • the limitation of the rotation of the horizontal shafts (6), (7) with the blades (1), (3) and (2), (4) is achieved by four stoppers (9).
  • FIG 2 in profile is shown the method of setting the horizontal shafts (6), (7) on the vertical shaft (5).
  • the wind flow ( ⁇ ) from the left (Fig. 1) turns the blade (3) lengthwise and the blade (1) across to the wind flow.
  • the blade (1) is positioned across to the wind flow, along of it leans of the stopper (9).
  • the vertical shaft (5) starts to revolve because the blade (3) resistance to the air is minimal while the one of the blade (1) is big.
  • the force under which the vertical shaft (5) is revolved depends on the wind speed and the surface of the blade which is located across to the wind flow.
  • the blade (4) will be found lengthwise and the blade (2) across to the wind flow leaning to the stopper (9). At this moment the blade (2) puts in motion the vertical shaft (5) by a turn of ninety degrees (90°). In continuity , the blade (1) will be lengthwise and the blade (3) across to the wind flow. The blade (3) sustain its across position to the wind flow by leaning on the stopper (9). Now the blade (3) operates as sail turning the vertical shaft (5) to an angle bigger than ninety degrees (90°). After that the blade (2), under the wind pressure, will be placed lengthwise and the blade (4) across to the wind flow. Therefore the blade (4), which leans on the stopper (9), acts as a sail, turning the vertical shaft (5). This procedure is continually repeated putting the vertical shaft (5) into revolving.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The wind generator with rotating blades and with the vertical revolving shaft is comprised by a vertical shaft (5), two separated horizontal shafts (6), (7), four bearings (8), four stoppers (9) and four blades (1), (2), (3), (4). Under the wind pressure one of the blades are positioned across while the opposite blade located lengthwise to the wind flow. Due to the big difference of the aerodynamic resistance between these blades, the vertical shaft (5) start to revolve. At the same moment the other blades do not create resistance to revolve motion of the vertical shaft (5). (There are in neutral position).

Description

WIND OR WATER GENERATOR WITH ROTATING BLADES
This invention refers to wind generator which transform the wind power. The wind generators are used in order to transform the aeolian power into mechanic or electric one.
There are two types of wind generators: The one with the horizontal revolving shaft and the other with the vertical revolving shaft. The defects of the wind generator are the fact that for its operation is required a mechanism, which orientates the wind generator towards the wind direction. This has a great frontal resistance to the wind flow so as not being broken the blades, the use of very durable materials is necessary. In addition this has a low output. The defects of the wind generator with the vertical revolving shaft are: the wind generator of this type is useful only when the wind power is big enough and a motor is required which puts the wind generator into operate at the initial moment. This wind generator has also a low output.
The purpose of the present invention is to delete all the defects mentioned above. The achievement of this purpose comes true as follows: The four wind generator blades are hung, in pairs, on two separated horizontal shafts which between them, form an angle of ninety degrees (90°). These two horizontal shafts are placed on a vertical shaft. Every blade pair on the horizontal shaft is placed in an angle of ninety degrees (90°) between themselves. These horizontal shafts along with the blades can rotate around their shafts in an angle of ninety degrees (90°).
At the moment when one of the horizontal shaft is located across to the wind flow, one blade under the wind press is located across and the other lengthwise to the flow. Every moment only one of the blades is standing across to the wind flow and operates as a sail, forcing the vertical shaft to revolving.
The force (F) which the wind exercises on the blade which is across to the wind flow, equals to: F = pυ2L2. Where : p - is the density of the wind , υ - is the flow speed and L - are the linear dimensions of the blade. The blade which is located lengthwise to the wind flow has minimal resistance to the wind. The wind, revolving the wind generator without any additional mechanism, locates automatically the pair blades one lengthwise and the other across to the flow, regardless the direction from which the wind blows. The implementation of this construction enables the creation of a simple, reliable and with a great output wind generator. All the equipment, such as: the electric generator, the pump etc. are located on the ground. This means that to facilitated their installation, service and repair.
Also, it is of great importance to point out that the wind generators can be located into levels, so as the power of the wind generator will increase, as shown in Fig. 3.
However the same construction can be used as hydraulic turbine, which is operated by the kinetic water power. This construction down to the river works exactly the same as by the air (Fig. 4.2). The difference is that the density of water is bigger that the density of the air. Furthermore, as at rivers the direction of the water flow (β) is always known (Fig. 4), this construction can be placed into water having the main shaft "vertical shaft" horizontally and across to the water flow direction (Fig. 4.1).
The main point of this invention is clarified by the drawing of Fig. 1, where the shape of the wind generator is depicted. A vertical shaft (5) where two separated and in perpendicularly position horizontal shafts (6), (7), are hung through four bearings (8). On these horizontal shafts (6), (7) are fixed blades (1), (3) and (2), (4) in pairs, which form an angle of ninety degrees (90°) between them. On the vertical shaft (5) below the horizontal shafts (6), (7) the four stoppers are fixed (9). The horizontal shafts (6), (7) along with the blades (1), (3) and (2), (4) can rotate around their shafts in an angle of ninety degrees (90°). The limitation of the rotation of the horizontal shafts (6), (7) with the blades (1), (3) and (2), (4) is achieved by four stoppers (9). Also, at figure 2 in profile is shown the method of setting the horizontal shafts (6), (7) on the vertical shaft (5). The wind flow (α) from the left (Fig. 1) turns the blade (3) lengthwise and the blade (1) across to the wind flow. The blade (1) is positioned across to the wind flow, along of it leans of the stopper (9).The vertical shaft (5) starts to revolve because the blade (3) resistance to the air is minimal while the one of the blade (1) is big. The force under which the vertical shaft (5) is revolved depends on the wind speed and the surface of the blade which is located across to the wind flow. As soon as the vertical shaft (5) turns to an angle bigger than ninety degrees (90°), the blade (4) will be found lengthwise and the blade (2) across to the wind flow leaning to the stopper (9). At this moment the blade (2) puts in motion the vertical shaft (5) by a turn of ninety degrees (90°). In continuity , the blade (1) will be lengthwise and the blade (3) across to the wind flow. The blade (3) sustain its across position to the wind flow by leaning on the stopper (9). Now the blade (3) operates as sail turning the vertical shaft (5) to an angle bigger than ninety degrees (90°). After that the blade (2), under the wind pressure, will be placed lengthwise and the blade (4) across to the wind flow. Therefore the blade (4), which leans on the stopper (9), acts as a sail, turning the vertical shaft (5). This procedure is continually repeated putting the vertical shaft (5) into revolving.

Claims

1. Wind generator with rotating blades is characterized that it is based on the principle of locating one blade lengthwise and the opposite one, across to the wind flow. The four blades (1), (2), (3), (4), of the wind generator are hung in pairs on two separated horizontal shafts (6), (7) which form an angle of ninety degrees (90°) between them. These two horizontal shafts (6), (7) are placed on a vertical shaft (5) through four bearings (8). Every blade pair (1), (3) and (2), (4) which is hung on the horizontal shafts (6), (7), are create between them an angle of ninety degrees (90°). These horizontal shafts with the blades can rotate around their shafts in an angle of ninety degrees (90°). The limitation of the rotation of the horizontal shafts (6), (7) with the blades (1), (2), (3), (4) is achieved by the four stoppers (9). The four stoppers (9) are fixed on the vertical shaft (5) below the horizontal shafts (6), (7).
2. Wind generator with rotating blades is characterized that some constructions of this kind are placed into stages, so as the power will be increased, as is shown in Fig. 3.
3. Wind generator with rotating blades is characterized that it can transform the kinetic power of the river to mechanic or electric one quite as the same as in the air. (Fig. 4.2).
4. Wind generator with rotating blades is characterized that to utilize the kinetic power of the river (or generally directivity water flow), can be placed into water having the main shaft (5) "vertical shaft" horizontally and across to the direction of the water flow Fig. 4.1.
EP02745698A 2001-08-08 2002-07-25 Wind or water generator with rotating blades Withdrawn EP1415090A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US100393 2001-08-08
GR20010100393A GR1004172B (en) 2001-08-08 2001-08-08 Wind generator with rotary blades
PCT/GR2002/000041 WO2003014565A1 (en) 2001-08-08 2002-07-25 Wind or water generator with rotating blades

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1415090A1 true EP1415090A1 (en) 2004-05-06

Family

ID=10944801

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02745698A Withdrawn EP1415090A1 (en) 2001-08-08 2002-07-25 Wind or water generator with rotating blades

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1415090A1 (en)
GR (1) GR1004172B (en)
WO (1) WO2003014565A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100613129B1 (en) 2004-08-10 2006-08-17 한국해양연구원 A turbine for generating power by flow of fluid
CN100396912C (en) * 2005-09-09 2008-06-25 欧子文 Swinging wind-driven set
EP1957790B1 (en) * 2005-12-05 2013-04-24 Dulcetti Filho, Flavio Francisco Eolian converter
CN101287906B (en) 2005-12-05 2011-07-13 小弗拉维奥·弗朗西斯科·杜尔切蒂 Eolic converter
ES2294916B1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2009-04-01 Juan Lopez Blasco ROTOR WIND GROUP OF VERTICAL AXIS.
CN101113714B (en) * 2007-07-20 2011-06-29 于传祖 Water stream electric generating apparatus
GB2452326A (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-04 Gordon Trevor Flight A water turbine comprising pairs of offset paddles
SK51402007A3 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-07-06 Pavol Kentoš Water turbine
GB2464744A (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-04-28 Ian Mcelhinney A wind / water motor
DE102008057731A1 (en) 2008-11-17 2010-05-20 Olga Maurer Fluid flow energy utilization device for use in energy system, during energy production in military area, has bar coupled directly at axis of generator, which is found in hermetical closed housing, which is fixed in cavity of water
DE202008013803U1 (en) * 2008-11-27 2010-02-11 Zimmer, Detlef Device for converting the flow energy of streams
US7931440B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2011-04-26 Donald Bobowick Vertical axis wind turbine
DE202012000907U1 (en) 2011-11-07 2013-02-11 Milan Schuster Flow turbine
ES2421521B1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2014-07-02 Pablo LEAL CRESPO Hydrogenerator
CN103061970B (en) * 2013-02-04 2016-08-24 重庆理工大学 Trapezoidal soft wing venetian blind type vertical axis offset distance wind energy conversion system
GR20130100235A (en) 2013-04-18 2014-11-21 Θεμιστοκλης Ανδρεα Ανδρικοπουλος Turbine having moving vanes for converting the fluids kinetic energy into mechanical-rotary and electric energy
CN103321836B (en) * 2013-05-10 2015-11-18 嵊州市远见机械科技有限公司 Single-blade wind-driven generator with pendent blade
CN104481800A (en) * 2014-11-21 2015-04-01 西北工业大学 Fan impeller with vertical shafts
EP3324038A1 (en) 2016-11-21 2018-05-23 GE Renewable Technologies Method for orientating the blades of a turbine

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR537726A (en) * 1921-07-01 1922-05-29 Device allowing the use, as a driving force, of the inertia of a moving fluid
US1516668A (en) * 1923-06-04 1924-11-25 Frederick R Burch Windmill
US1809919A (en) * 1930-07-31 1931-06-16 Robert S Turner Power wheel
US2419384A (en) * 1945-10-09 1947-04-22 Edward E Wilson Fluid power wheel
FR979579A (en) * 1948-12-03 1951-04-27 Motor device transforming the kinetic energy of a fluid into mechanical energy
FR2295258A1 (en) * 1974-12-20 1976-07-16 Thomas Paul Windmill which operates independently of wind direction - has hinged flaps to reduce resistance when moving against wind
GB1561296A (en) * 1977-09-09 1980-02-20 Berry J Fluid stream engine
DE3702234A1 (en) * 1987-01-27 1988-08-04 Harro Reiff Wind or water-powered engine
IT1220221B (en) * 1988-05-27 1990-06-06 Rolando Poeta WIND MOTOR WITH VERTICLAE AXIS WITH BLADES ORTHOGONAL OPPOSITE OSCILLATING PENDULAR ON ITS OWN DIAMETER AXIS

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03014565A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR1004172B (en) 2003-02-26
WO2003014565A1 (en) 2003-02-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1415090A1 (en) Wind or water generator with rotating blades
US4446379A (en) Magnus effect power generator
US4256970A (en) Apparatus for the exploitation of underwater currents for the production of electrical energy
CN1249339C (en) Turbine for flowing fluids
CA2425976A1 (en) Vertical axis wind turbine
CA2248852A1 (en) Magnus effect horizontal axis wind turbine
JP2004536247A5 (en)
EP1128064A3 (en) Electric pitch change device for a wind turbine
US9041240B2 (en) Wind turbine apparatus
US20060078416A1 (en) Vertical axis wind or water turbine
WO2010054488A2 (en) Moving fluid energy recovery system
GB1561296A (en) Fluid stream engine
KR20050103477A (en) A screw turbine device
JPH1162811A (en) Wind-mill generating device using wind power repeatedly and strong-wind intercepting device
Vance Vertical axis wind rotors–status and potential
KR101552566B1 (en) Hydraulic power generating system)
KR102055997B1 (en) Wind force generator having horizontal shaft
GB2304826A (en) A wind-or water-powered machine
RU2738389C1 (en) Wind electric power converter (versions)
WO2017042740A1 (en) Hydraulic centrifugal axial horizontal turbine
WO2018109776A1 (en) Design and fabrication of advanced vertical axis wind turbine with self-alignment blades
KR20030072428A (en) High efficiency vertical type wind-power plant
KR100812136B1 (en) Turbine for generator
KR101697228B1 (en) A Blade Variable Turbine
SU1663226A1 (en) Wind turbine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20040115

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20040601

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20050201