WO2018109776A1 - Design and fabrication of advanced vertical axis wind turbine with self-alignment blades - Google Patents

Design and fabrication of advanced vertical axis wind turbine with self-alignment blades Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018109776A1
WO2018109776A1 PCT/IN2017/000140 IN2017000140W WO2018109776A1 WO 2018109776 A1 WO2018109776 A1 WO 2018109776A1 IN 2017000140 W IN2017000140 W IN 2017000140W WO 2018109776 A1 WO2018109776 A1 WO 2018109776A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
blades
rotor
vertical axis
self
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2017/000140
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Vijay S. V
Gopalakrishnan T
Original Assignee
S v vijay
Gopalakrishnan T
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by S v vijay, Gopalakrishnan T filed Critical S v vijay
Publication of WO2018109776A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018109776A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • Wind is simpler air in motion. It is caused by the uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun. Since the earth's surface is made of very different types of land and water, it absorbs the sun's heat at different rates. During the day, the air above the land heats up more quickly than the air over water. The warm air over the land expands and rises and the heavier cooler air rushes into take its place, creating wind. At night the winds are reversed because the air cools more rapidly over land than over water.
  • Wind energy uses the energy in the wind for practical purposes like generating electricity, charging batteries, pumping water or grinding grain.
  • Large modern wind turbines operate together in wind farms to produce electricity for utilities.
  • Wind energy is mainly used togenerate electricity. Wind is called a renewable energy source because the wind will blow as long as the sun shines.
  • Wind power is particularly importaht for rural locations where electrical power is not as plentiful and reliable as in more urban locations. Furthermore, rural locations are particularly well suited to wind power since the land costs associated with wind power generation reduces the overall cost. Conversely, urban locations are continuing to struggle with power reliability due to deregulation. Low land use and scalable wind generation would be helpful in urban locations especially if environmental concerns are paramount. If a reliable and scalable wind power generation system was available such a system could find a useful in both rural and urban markets. The purpose of the instant invention is to meet these needs by providing a cost effective solution.
  • VAWT Vertical Axis Turbines
  • HAWT Horizontal Axis Turbines
  • Horizontal axis wind turbines has the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower and must be pointed into the wind.
  • Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind vane, while large turbines generally use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor.
  • Turbine blades are made stiff to prevent the blades from being pushed into the tower by high winds. Additionally the blades are placed a considerable distance in front of the tower and are sometimes tilted up a small amount
  • Downwind machines have been built, despite the problem of turbulence, because they don't need an additional mechanism for keeping them in line with the wind, and because in high winds, the blades can be allowed to bend which reduces their swept area and thus their wind resistance. Since turbulence leads to fatigue failures, and reliability is so important, most horizontal axis wind turbines are upwind machines.
  • VAWT Vertical Axis Turbines
  • Vertical axis wind turbine has the main rotor shaft running vertically.
  • the generator and/or gearbox can be placed at the bottom, near the ground, so the tower need not support it, and that the turbine doesn't need to be pointed into the wind.
  • Drawbacks are usually pulsating torque that can be produced during each revolution and drag created when the blade rotates into the wind. It is also difficult to mount vertical axis turbines on towers, meaning they must operate in the often slower, more turbulent air flow near the ground, resulting in lower energy extraction efficiency.
  • TSR Torque Speed Ratio
  • a good way of determining whether a VAWT design is based on drag or lift is to see if the TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) can be better than 1.
  • TSR above 1 means some amount of lift, while TSR below 1 means mostly drag.
  • Lift based designs can usually output much more power, more efficiently.
  • DIS-ADVANTAGES Vertical Axis Wind Turbine requires breaking device in high wind to stop the turbine from spinning to avoid destroying or damaging itself.
  • Vertical Axis Wind Turbine may not produce as much energy at a given site as Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine when compared with similar footprint or height
  • Objective of the invention is to provide a design which works on lower wind velocity also to keep the air resistance as much as low as possible to improve the efficiency of the wind turbine Also to remove the drawback on the existing wind turbine which may rotate in opposite directions depending upon the wind direction and velocity.
  • Power generating unit consists of Bevel Gear, Power Transmission Shaft, Stepped Pulley, V-Belt and Dynamo.
  • the working mechanism of wind turbine similar to conventional vertical axis wind turbine as the broad surface of the blade faces the wind, it creates a positive pressure on the front when the wind hits the blade. This pressure creates a suction behind the blades, which turns the rotor when wind accelerates and reaches a certain speed (2 m / sec).
  • Fig 1 Represents the front view of Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Mill construction.
  • Fig 2 Represents the top view of the Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Mill
  • Fig 3 Represents the Blade Angle Positions of the Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Mill
  • Fig 4 Represents the Isometric view of the blades
  • Fig 5 Represents the Center Hub of Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Mill
  • Fig 6 Represents the front view of the Rotor Arm for Mounting Blades
  • Fig 7 Represents the Windmill Tower which houses the Rotor.
  • Anemometer for measuring wind speed
  • Wind turbine consists of four main components listed as follows
  • the Rotor is the heart of the wind turbine. It consists of 8 blades attached to a center hub and converts the wind energy into a rotational kinetic energy.
  • the Frame is made up of Mild Steel (MS) and each on every segment of frame carries rectangular blades over which the wind blows.
  • the frame is designed in such a way that it can hold the rectangular blades causing the rotary movement.
  • Frame is rigidly secured in the hub and it is accessible to allow the wind to impinge on the blades.
  • the ball bearings help the rotation of frame and about the vertical axis.
  • the vertical axis rotor is made u p of cast iron. Eight holes are drilled at equal distance between so that there will be an angle of 45° between one hole and the other. It will enhance the arms to be equally spaced.
  • the Blades fixed on the frame is of rectangular shape and being made up of Galvanized Iron Sheet of 18 gauge.
  • the purpose of using Galvanized I ron Sheets as material is less weight and will not get affected due to atmospheric conditions.
  • a shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to transmit power from one part to another or from a machine which produces power to a machine which absorbs power.
  • the various members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it.
  • Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect a nd the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped.
  • Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well.
  • the pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone.
  • a ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the bearing races.
  • a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. It achieves this by using at least two races to contain the balls and transmit the loads through the balls. In most applications, one race is stationary and the other is attached to the rotating assembly (e.g., a hub or shaft). As one of the bearing races rotates it causes the balls to rotate as well. Because the balls are rolling they have a much lower coefficient of friction than if two flat surfaces were sliding against each other.
  • a pillow block also known as a plummer block or housed bearing unit, is a pedestal used to provide support for a rotating shaft with the help of compatible bearings & various accessories.
  • Housing material for a pillow block is typically made of cast iron or cast steel.
  • a pillow block usually refers to housing with an included anti-friction bearing.
  • a pillow block refers to any mounted bearing where in the mounted shaft in a parallel plane to the mounting surface and perpendicular to the center line of the mounting holes, as contrasted with various types of flange blocks or flange units.
  • a pillow block may contain a bearing with one of several types of rolling elements, including ball, cylindrical roller, spherical roller, tapered roller, metallic or synthetic bushing. The type of rolling element defines the type of pillow block. These differ from “plumber blocks" which are bearing housings supplied without any bearings and are usually meant for higher load ratings and a separately installed bearing. TOWER (Houses the Rotor)
  • the supporting frame is made up of cast iron. It has wider base and shorter height provided under the turbine to withstand maximum bending moment, torsion
  • the Supporting Stand is of angle section of
  • the electric dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through Faraday's law of induction.
  • a dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure, called the stator, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings called the armature which turn within that field. Due to Faraday's law of induction the motion of the wire within the magnetic field creates an electromotive force which pushes the electrons in the metal, creating an electric current in the wire.
  • the constant magnetic field may be provided by one or more permanent magnets; larger machines have the constant magnetic field provided by one or more electromagnets, which are usually called field coils.
  • a step pulley is a system of pulleys made up of many different sizes.
  • the typical step pulley consists of a two- to four-pulley configuration. This type of step pulley is found on equipment such as a drill press where different operational speeds can be produced simply by changing the belt to a different pulley size.
  • the step pulley is always operated in pairs, and when the belt is changed on one pulley, it is also changed on the corresponding pulley on the other side of the belt.
  • the working mechanism of wind turbine similar to conventional vertical axis wind turbine as the broad surface of the blade faces the wind, it creates a positive pressure on the front when the wind hits the blade. This pressure creates a suction behind the blades, which turns the rotor when wind accelerates and reaches a certain speed (2 m / sec).
  • Bearing used in the rotor arm helps the rotor to get self-aligned parallel to the wind direction which reduces the air resistance. This helps the rotor to run on lower air velocity (2 m / sec) as well.
  • the rotor arm has rubber stopper on the arm used to avoid the blade getting smashed with the rotor arm.
  • first half of the rotor blades pulled away from the wind second half will face the wind direction which causes the rotor to rotate.
  • Center Hub connects the Rotor Arm and the Power Transmitting Shaft with the help of fasteners.
  • the Rotor rotates, the rotational motion is transferred to Bevel Gear which is connected at the bottom of Shaft. Bevel Gear transfers the motion further to the Pinion which is placed at 90° to it.
  • Step Pulley is connected to Dynamo with the help of V-Belt and that makes Dynamo to produce maximum of 30 V electricity.

Abstract

Objective of the invention is to provide a design which works on lower wind velocity also to keep the air resistance as much as low as possible to improve the efficiency of the wind turbine. Also to remove the drawback on the existing wind turbine which may rotate in opposite directions depending upon the wind direction and velocity. 8 radial arms are placed to center hub and each arms are aligned to an angle of 45 degree. Self-alignment blades are mounted over the swivel base between top and bottom radial arms where rotation of the blades are controlled by inner and outer stoppers. The center hub is mounted to the power generating unit which is placed on the top of the wind turbine tower. Power generating unit consists of Bevel Gear, Power Transmission Shaft, Stepped Pulley, V-Belt and Dynamo. The working mechanism of wind turbine similar to conventional vertical axis wind turbine as the broad surface of the blade faces the wind, it creates a positive pressure on the front when the wind hits the blade. This pressure creates a suction behind the blades, which turns the rotor when wind accelerates and reaches a certain speed (2 m I sec). Half of the blades of the Wind Turbine Rotor will be perpendicular to the wind direction which make the rotor to rotate. Whereas the other half will be in parallel to the wind direction. This nullifies the resistance caused by the wind during rotation.

Description

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ADVANCED VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE WITH SELF-ALIGNMENT BLADES
Background of Invention
Wind is simpler air in motion. It is caused by the uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun. Since the earth's surface is made of very different types of land and water, it absorbs the sun's heat at different rates. During the day, the air above the land heats up more quickly than the air over water. The warm air over the land expands and rises and the heavier cooler air rushes into take its place, creating wind. At night the winds are reversed because the air cools more rapidly over land than over water.
In the same way, the large atmospheric winds that circlethe earth are created because the land near the earth's equator is heated more by the sun than the land near the north and south poles. Wind energy uses the energy in the wind for practical purposes like generating electricity, charging batteries, pumping water or grinding grain. Large modern wind turbines operate together in wind farms to produce electricity for utilities.
Throughout history people have harnessed the wind. Over 5,000 years ago, people used wind power to sail their ships on the river. Today, wind energy is mainly used togenerate electricity. Wind is called a renewable energy source because the wind will blow as long as the sun shines.
Our society continues to look for alternate methods of electricity that are economic and environmental friendly. While it is clear that the traditional power generation methods such as fossil fuel combustion and nuclear power generation will be used for decades if not
generations to come, other sources of power generation will contribute much more as the costs of thetraditional methods increase.
Furthermore, the environmental costs of the continued use of power generation facilities that use non-renewable resources continueto becomeapparenttooursociety.
l Wind power is particularly importaht for rural locations where electrical power is not as plentiful and reliable as in more urban locations. Furthermore, rural locations are particularly well suited to wind power since the land costs associated with wind power generation reduces the overall cost. Conversely, urban locations are continuing to struggle with power reliability due to deregulation. Low land use and scalable wind generation would be helpful in urban locations especially if environmental concerns are paramount. If a reliable and scalable wind power generation system was available such a system could find a useful in both rural and urban markets. The purpose of the instant invention is to meet these needs by providing a cost effective solution.
Types of Wind Turbines
> Horizontal Axis Turbines (HAWT)
> Vertical Axis Turbines (VAWT)
Horizontal Axis Turbines (HAWT)
Horizontal axis wind turbines has the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower and must be pointed into the wind. Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind vane, while large turbines generally use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor. Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive a generator.
Since a tower produces turbulence behind it, the turbine is usually pointed upwind of the tower. Turbine blades are made stiff to prevent the blades from being pushed into the tower by high winds. Additionally the blades are placed a considerable distance in front of the tower and are sometimes tilted up a small amount
Downwind machines have been built, despite the problem of turbulence, because they don't need an additional mechanism for keeping them in line with the wind, and because in high winds, the blades can be allowed to bend which reduces their swept area and thus their wind resistance. Since turbulence leads to fatigue failures, and reliability is so important, most horizontal axis wind turbines are upwind machines.
Vertical Axis Turbines (VAWT)
Vertical axis wind turbine has the main rotor shaft running vertically. Key advantages of this arrangement are that the generator and/or gearbox can be placed at the bottom, near the ground, so the tower need not support it, and that the turbine doesn't need to be pointed into the wind. Drawbacks are usually pulsating torque that can be produced during each revolution and drag created when the blade rotates into the wind. It is also difficult to mount vertical axis turbines on towers, meaning they must operate in the often slower, more turbulent air flow near the ground, resulting in lower energy extraction efficiency.
A good way of determining whether a VAWT design is based on drag or lift is to see if the TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) can be better than 1. A TSR above 1 means some amount of lift, while TSR below 1 means mostly drag. Lift based designs can usually output much more power, more efficiently.
Lift-based designs:
• Darrieus wind turbine
• Gorlov helical wind turbine
• Giromill
Drag-based designs:
• A cup anemometer "
• Savonius wind turbine ADVANTAGES Vertical Axis Wind Turbine can produce electricity in any wind direction
> Simple and Effective design minimizes the air resistance to improve the efficiency
> Since there is no need of pointing turbine in wind direction so yaw drive and pitch mechanism is not needed.
> Low production cost as compared to Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
> Assembling and disassembling are very simple and transport from one place to other is easy
> Our project can be installed in each house and the power produced can be utilized for household applications
> The maintenance cost was considerably low when compared to other type of windmills.
Easier to maintain because most of their moving parts are located near the ground.
DIS-ADVANTAGES Vertical Axis Wind Turbine requires breaking device in high wind to stop the turbine from spinning to avoid destroying or damaging itself.
> Vertical Axis Wind Turbine may not produce as much energy at a given site as Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine when compared with similar footprint or height
Small amount of noise will get generated during operation.
APPLICATIONS For pumping out water of minimum head.
> It can be installed irrespective of wind speed or direction and that too at any altitude and it fulfills the minimum house hold energy requirement.
> It can be used for accumulation of power in storage batteries. Summary of the Invention
Objective of the invention is to provide a design which works on lower wind velocity also to keep the air resistance as much as low as possible to improve the efficiency of the wind turbine Also to remove the drawback on the existing wind turbine which may rotate in opposite directions depending upon the wind direction and velocity.
8 radial arms are placed to center hub and each arms are aligned to an angle of 45 degree. Self-alignment blades are mounted over the swivel base between top and bottom radial arms where rotation of the blades are controlled by inner and outer stoppers. The center hub is mounted to the power generating unit which is placed on the top of the wind turbine tower. Power generating unit consists of Bevel Gear, Power Transmission Shaft, Stepped Pulley, V-Belt and Dynamo.
The working mechanism of wind turbine similar to conventional vertical axis wind turbine as the broad surface of the blade faces the wind, it creates a positive pressure on the front when the wind hits the blade. This pressure creates a suction behind the blades, which turns the rotor when wind accelerates and reaches a certain speed (2 m / sec).
Half of the blades of the Wind Turbine Rotor will be perpendicular to the wind direction which make the rotor to rotate. Whereas the other half will be in parallel to the wind direction. This nullifies the resistance caused by the wind during rotation.
Brief Description of the Diagrams
Below is the description of the invention with respect to attached diagrams which illustrates the arrangements of the invention
Fig 1 : Represents the front view of Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Mill construction.
Fig 2 : Represents the top view of the Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Mill
Fig 3 : Represents the Blade Angle Positions of the Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Mill
Fig 4 : Represents the Isometric view of the blades
Fig 5 : Represents the Center Hub of Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Mill
Fig 6 : Represents the front view of the Rotor Arm for Mounting Blades Fig 7 : Represents the Windmill Tower which houses the Rotor.
Detail Description of the Invention
• Refer Fig 1 a) Main Components
1. Rotor
2. Arms for mounting blades
3. Blades
4. Power transmitting shaft
5. Anemometer (for measuring wind speed)
6. Bevel gears
7. Bearings
8. Tower (houses the rotor)
9. Dynamo
10. Step Pulley
ROTOR
• Refer Fig 2 CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
Wind turbine consists of four main components listed as follows
> Vertical axis rotor
> Blades
> Bearing support
> Supporting frame
• Refer Fig 2 A ARMS FOR MOUNTING BLADES
The Rotor is the heart of the wind turbine. It consists of 8 blades attached to a center hub and converts the wind energy into a rotational kinetic energy.
• Refer Fig 6
It supports the rotor shaft and transmits power of the rotor to the final drive. The Frame is made up of Mild Steel (MS) and each on every segment of frame carries rectangular blades over which the wind blows. The frame is designed in such a way that it can hold the rectangular blades causing the rotary movement. Frame is rigidly secured in the hub and it is accessible to allow the wind to impinge on the blades. The ball bearings help the rotation of frame and about the vertical axis.
CENTER HUB
• Refer Fig 5
The vertical axis rotor is made u p of cast iron. Eight holes are drilled at equal distance between so that there will be an angle of 45° between one hole and the other. It will enhance the arms to be equally spaced.
BLADES
• Refer Fig 3 / 3 A / 4
The Blades fixed on the frame is of rectangular shape and being made up of Galvanized Iron Sheet of 18 gauge. The purpose of using Galvanized I ron Sheets as material is less weight and will not get affected due to atmospheric conditions. Each and every blades and turn to an excess angle of more than and it can adjust of its own.
POWER TRANSMITTING SHAFT
A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to transmit power from one part to another or from a machine which produces power to a machine which absorbs power. The various members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it.
The Shaft Diameter (D) = 25mm, Length ( L) = 900mm BEVEL GEAR
Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect a nd the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped.
Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone.
• Refer Fig 8 BALL BEARING
A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the bearing races.
The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. It achieves this by using at least two races to contain the balls and transmit the loads through the balls. In most applications, one race is stationary and the other is attached to the rotating assembly (e.g., a hub or shaft). As one of the bearing races rotates it causes the balls to rotate as well. Because the balls are rolling they have a much lower coefficient of friction than if two flat surfaces were sliding against each other.
• Refer Fig 9
PLUMMER BLOCK BEARING
• Refer Fig 10
A pillow block, also known as a plummer block or housed bearing unit, is a pedestal used to provide support for a rotating shaft with the help of compatible bearings & various accessories. Housing material for a pillow block is typically made of cast iron or cast steel.
Typical Plummer Block
A pillow block usually refers to housing with an included anti-friction bearing. A pillow block refers to any mounted bearing where in the mounted shaft in a parallel plane to the mounting surface and perpendicular to the center line of the mounting holes, as contrasted with various types of flange blocks or flange units. A pillow block may contain a bearing with one of several types of rolling elements, including ball, cylindrical roller, spherical roller, tapered roller, metallic or synthetic bushing. The type of rolling element defines the type of pillow block. These differ from "plumber blocks" which are bearing housings supplied without any bearings and are usually meant for higher load ratings and a separately installed bearing. TOWER (Houses the Rotor)
• Refer Fig 7
The supporting frame is made up of cast iron. It has wider base and shorter height provided under the turbine to withstand maximum bending moment, torsion
vibration and reactive torque supplied by the rotor during operation.
Tower Stand resembles the trapezoidal Shape of three feet height. It serves as a support for
Octagonal Arms holding the rectangular blades. The Supporting Stand is of angle section of
Size 1.5". The process of by which the stand is fabricated by Arc Welding.
DYNAMO
• Refer Fig 11
DESCRIPTION:
The electric dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through Faraday's law of induction. A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure, called the stator, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings called the armature which turn within that field. Due to Faraday's law of induction the motion of the wire within the magnetic field creates an electromotive force which pushes the electrons in the metal, creating an electric current in the wire. On small machine the constant magnetic field may be provided by one or more permanent magnets; larger machines have the constant magnetic field provided by one or more electromagnets, which are usually called field coils.
STEPPED PULLEY
• Refer Fig 12 DESCRIPTION:
A step pulley is a system of pulleys made up of many different sizes. The typical step pulley consists of a two- to four-pulley configuration. This type of step pulley is found on equipment such as a drill press where different operational speeds can be produced simply by changing the belt to a different pulley size. The step pulley is always operated in pairs, and when the belt is changed on one pulley, it is also changed on the corresponding pulley on the other side of the belt.
Working Mechanism
The working mechanism of wind turbine similar to conventional vertical axis wind turbine as the broad surface of the blade faces the wind, it creates a positive pressure on the front when the wind hits the blade. This pressure creates a suction behind the blades, which turns the rotor when wind accelerates and reaches a certain speed (2 m / sec).
Half of the blades of the Wind Turbine Rotor will be perpendicular to the wind direction which make the rotor to rotate. Whereas the other half will be in parallel to the wind direction. This nullifies the resistance caused by the wind during rotation.
Bearing used in the rotor arm helps the rotor to get self-aligned parallel to the wind direction which reduces the air resistance. This helps the rotor to run on lower air velocity (2 m / sec) as well.
The rotor arm has rubber stopper on the arm used to avoid the blade getting smashed with the rotor arm. When one half of the rotor blades pulled away from the wind, second half will face the wind direction which causes the rotor to rotate.
While blade facing the wind the degree between the arm and blade will be 0°. While blades getting self-aligned the degree between arm and blade will be 90°. During high velocity of wind the blades will extend to the maximum of 110°.
Center Hub connects the Rotor Arm and the Power Transmitting Shaft with the help of fasteners. When the Rotor rotates, the rotational motion is transferred to Bevel Gear which is connected at the bottom of Shaft. Bevel Gear transfers the motion further to the Pinion which is placed at 90° to it.
Both Pinion and Step pulley are connected to another shaft to make them to rotate in same RPM. Step Pulley is connected to Dynamo with the help of V-Belt and that makes Dynamo to produce maximum of 30 V electricity. POWER GENERATION BASED UPON SPEED
Figure imgf000014_0001
SPECIMEN CALCULATION
FOR A SPEED OF 180 RPM POWER (P) P = 30x1.67
= 50.1W

Claims

We Claim 1. An Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor consists of Radial Arms (2) which are connected with fixed Swivel Base and Self-Alignment blades (3) are mounted on the Swivel Base. Self-Alignment blades (3) are controlled by stoppers.
The center hub is mounted on the Bearing Block which is attached to Power Transmission Shaft which transfers the rotational movement to Final Drive. Final Drive is the Power Generation unit which consists of Bevel Gear, Stepped Pulley, V-Belt and Dynamo.
• Self-Alignment blade rotation angle is controlled by the inner/outer stoppers.
• When wind velocity is low, Inner Stopper helps the Self-Alignment blades to take
parallel position of 0 ° angle to the Rotor Radial Arm. Hence the Self-Alignment blades can rotate even in lower wind velocity.
• When wind velocity is high, Outer Stopper controls the Self-Alignment blade movement within 110 ° angle to Rotor Radial Arm and thus makes the Self-Alignment blade to enhance its ability to come inward in no-time. So, the Self-Alignment blades will utilize the high wind velocity and rotates swiftly.
• Stoppers protect the blade from the High Velocity wind.
• Fixed Swivel base in top and bottom of the Rotor Arm makes the Self-Alignment blade to rotate in ease at its center axis.
2. Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor as claimed in the Claim 1 Vertical Axis Rotor - means which has 8 self-alignment blades (3).
3. Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor as claimed in Claim 2 where in each blade having two radial arms (2).
4. Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor as claimed in Claim 2 where the Radial Arm is fastened to the center hub (1).
5. Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor as claimed in Claim 1, Full Rotation of the Self Aligned blades (3) are prevented by Two Stoppers {4b and 4c) provided in the Outer Radial Arms (2).
6. Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor as claimed in Claim 5 inner (4b) and outer stoppers (4c) are used to prevent blades exceeding the designed angles.
7. Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor as claimed in Claim 1 Center Hub (1) connects the Rotor Arm (2) and Power Transmitting Shaft (5) with the help of Fasteners.
8. Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor as claimed in Claim 1 power transmission shaft (5) transfers the rotational power to bevel gear (7).
9. Advanced Vertical Axis Rotor as claimed in Claim 1 Dynamo (14) and Stepped Pulley (11) are connected with the help of V-Belt (12). Power will be produced by Dynamo (14) when the rotation motion is transferred to Stepped Pulley (11) by Bevel Gear (8).
10. The working mechanism of the Advanced Vertical Axis Wind Turbine is characterized there in when the blades (3) are perpendicular to the wind direction, inner stopper (4b) in the Rotor Arm (2) will make the blade self-aligned parallel to the arm and outer stopper (4c) will ensure the blades not exceeding the desired angle. This helps the rotor to rotate even on low wind velocity and with minimum oscillation.
PCT/IN2017/000140 2016-12-12 2017-12-07 Design and fabrication of advanced vertical axis wind turbine with self-alignment blades WO2018109776A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900003699A1 (en) 2019-03-19 2020-09-19 Donno Cosimo De Fixed vertical axis multistage wind power plant
WO2020187374A1 (en) 2019-03-15 2020-09-24 Rasmussen Mogens Riis A vertical axis power turbine and use of a vertical axis power turbine

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JP5557966B1 (en) * 2013-08-07 2014-07-23 株式会社辰巳菱機 Wind power generator
US20140255166A1 (en) * 2011-10-29 2014-09-11 Yunhe Deng Energy-storing and power-generating system and method for a vertical-axis wind generator
WO2015166477A1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-11-05 Margolis Alexander A vertical axis wind turbine with self-orientating blades

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140255166A1 (en) * 2011-10-29 2014-09-11 Yunhe Deng Energy-storing and power-generating system and method for a vertical-axis wind generator
JP5557966B1 (en) * 2013-08-07 2014-07-23 株式会社辰巳菱機 Wind power generator
WO2015166477A1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-11-05 Margolis Alexander A vertical axis wind turbine with self-orientating blades

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020187374A1 (en) 2019-03-15 2020-09-24 Rasmussen Mogens Riis A vertical axis power turbine and use of a vertical axis power turbine
IT201900003699A1 (en) 2019-03-19 2020-09-19 Donno Cosimo De Fixed vertical axis multistage wind power plant

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