EP1414933B1 - Fuel composition containing detergent combination and methods thereof - Google Patents
Fuel composition containing detergent combination and methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- EP1414933B1 EP1414933B1 EP02742048A EP02742048A EP1414933B1 EP 1414933 B1 EP1414933 B1 EP 1414933B1 EP 02742048 A EP02742048 A EP 02742048A EP 02742048 A EP02742048 A EP 02742048A EP 1414933 B1 EP1414933 B1 EP 1414933B1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel composition
- fuel
- polyamine
- nitrogen
- hydrocarbyl
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
- C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
Definitions
- This invention involves a fuel composition that includes a combination of detergents and methods that utilize the fuel composition to operate and to control deposits in an internal combustion engine.
- Hydrocarbon fuels generally contain substances that tend to form deposits in the fuel delivery system of an internal combustion engine such as the fuel injectors in diesel engines and the intake valves in gasoline engines. These deposits, if allowed to build up, can significantly reduce engine performance in terms of power output, fuel economy and exhaust emissions. It is highly desirable to incorporate detergents into hydrocarbon fuels that are effective in controlling deposits by inhibiting their formation and facilitating their removal so that engine performance is maintained or improved.
- Graiff et al. in European Publication No. EP 534551A1 published on March 31, 1993 disclose a gasoline composition that comprises a gasoline and a mixture of a) a polyamine selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic alkylene polyamine containing at least one olefinic polymer, a Mannich polyamine, and mixtures of the aliphatic alkylene polyamine and the Mannich polyamine and b) a hydrocarbyl poly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamate.
- Croudace et al. in International Publication No. WO 90/10051 published September 7, 1990 disclose a fuel composition comprising a gasoline and an additive combination comprising one or more C 6 + primary amines, one or more gasoline dispersants selected from the group consisting of polyalkylamines and Mannich bases, and a fluidizer oil.
- US-A-4166726 discloses a fuel composition containing a mixture of polyalkylene amine and the reaction product of alkylphenol, aldehyde and amine.
- the present invention is directed to a fuel composition that includes a combination of two nitrogen-containing detergents and that is unexpectedly much more effective and efficient in controlling deposits in a hydrocarbon fueled internal combustion engine compared to fuel compositions that include a combination of either nitrogen-containing detergent with a fluidizer.
- An additional object of this invention is to control deposits in a gasoline engine.
- Another object of this invention is to control deposits in a diesel engine.
- a fuel composition of this invention useful for a spark or a compression ignition internal combustion engine comprises a hydrocarbon fuel, a combination of nitrogen-containing detergents comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine and a Mannich reaction product of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound with an aldehyde and a polyamine having at least one reactive N-H group, and optionally a fluidizer comprising a polyether, a polyetheramine, or mixtures thereof where the weight ratio of the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine to the Mannich reaction product is about 0.5:1 to 1:0.5, wherein the alkyl substituent of the alkyl-substitued hydroxyaromatic compound is derived from a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight of 900-1500; where each of the nitrogen-containing detergents is present at 20-100 ppm by weight, the combination
- Another embodiment of this invention is a method of operating an internal combustion engine which comprises fueling the engine with the fuel composition of this invention where the hydrocarbon fuel is a gasoline or a diesel fuel, and where the gasoline or diesel fuel optionally contains an oxygenate comprising methanol, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, or mixtures thereof.
- the hydrocarbon fuel is a gasoline or a diesel fuel
- the gasoline or diesel fuel optionally contains an oxygenate comprising methanol, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, or mixtures thereof.
- a further embodiment of this invention is a method of controlling deposits in an internal combustion engine which comprises fueling the engine with the fuel composition of this invention where the hydrocarbon fuel is a gasoline or a diesel fuel, and where the gasoline or diesel fuel optionally contains an oxygenate comprising methanol, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, or mixtures thereof.
- a fuel composition of the present invention useful for a spark or a compression ignition internal combustion engine comprises a hydrocarbon fuel; a combination of nitrogen-containing detergents comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine and a Mannich reaction product of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde and a polyamine having at least one reactive N-H group; and optionally a fluidizer comprising a polyether, a polyetheramine, or mixtures thereof where the weight ratio of the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine to the Mannich reaction product is 0.5:1 to 1:0.5, each of the nitrogen-containing detergents is present at 20-100 ppm by weight, and the weight ratio of the fluidizer to the combination of nitrogen-containing detergents is less than 0.5 and the rest of features of independent claim 1.
- the hydrocarbon fuel of the present invention is well known to those skilled in the art. Hydrocarbon fuels are generally derived from petroleum by various refinery processes.
- the hydrocarbon fuel can be a gasoline or a diesel fuel.
- the gasoline or diesel fuel optionally can contain an oxygenate or oxygen-containing molecule up to a level of 25% by weight of oxygenate.
- Oxygenates include alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, nitroalkanes, or mixtures thereof.
- Commonly used oxygenates include methanol, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, or mixtures thereof.
- Gasoline suitable for use in spark ignition engines, generally boils in the range from 30 to 230°C and has a research octane number typically in the range of 90 to 100.
- Diesel fuel suitable for use in compression ignition engines, generally boils in the range from 140 to 400°C and has a cetane number in the range from 25 to 60.
- the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine of the present invention has a hydrocarbyl substituent with a number average molecular weight of 500 to 5000, preferably 700 to 2000, and more preferably 900 to 1500.
- the hydrocarbyl substituent is a univalent radical of carbon atoms that is predominantly hydrocarbon in nature but can have nonhydrocarbon substituent groups to include hydroxy groups and can contain heteroatoms.
- the hydrocarbon substituent can be derived from a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight as described above for the hydrocarbyl substituent.
- the polyolefin can be a homopolymer derived from one olefin or a copolymer derived from two or more olefins.
- the olefin can have 2 to 10 carbon atoms and includes ethylene, propylene, butene isomers, decene isomers, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
- the polyolefin includes polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutenes and copolymers of ethylene and propylene.
- a preferred polyolefin is a polyisobutylene prepared by polymerization of a refinery stream containing 30 to 60% by weight isobutylene using a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum trichloride or boron trifluoride.
- the polyolefin can be a polyisobutylene having at least 70% of its olefin double bonds at a terminal position on the carbon chain as the highly reactive vinylidene isomer which is also described below for the Mannich reaction product.
- the polyamine portion of the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine of the present invention is derived from a polyamine containing two or more amine nitrogen atoms and having at least one reactive N-H group.
- the polyamine can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic and includes alkylenediamines, polyalkylenepolyamines, and hydroxy-containing polyamines.
- Polyamines that can be used in preparing the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine include ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, N,N-di-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, N-aminopropylmorpholine, N,N'-di-butyl-para-phenylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol, and mixtures thereof.
- hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine is derived from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol, and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine can be prepared from the polyolefin and the polyamine as detailed above by several methods as described in U.S. Patent 6,193,767 to include 1) halogenating a polyolefin followed by reaction with a polyamine, 2) hydroformulating a polyolefin followed by reaction with a polyamine and finally hydrogenation of the aldehyde-polyamine reaction intermediate, and 3) epoxidizing a polyolefin followed by reductive amination or amination with a polyamine to form a polyamine or hydroxy-containing polyamine derivative respectively.
- a preferred method of preparation involves chlorinating a polyisobutylene so that it contains at least one chlorine atom.
- the chlorinated polyisobutylene is then reacted with the polyamine generally at elevated temperatures of about 120°C or higher.
- a solvent can be used to facilitate the reaction.
- Excess polyamine can be used to avoid cross-linking to include dimer formation as well as aid in hydrogen chloride removal although an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate is usually employed to remove the hydrogen chloride.
- U.S. Patent 5,407,453 describes the method of halogenating a polyolefin followed by reaction with a polyamine.
- the Mannich reaction product of the present invention is derived from the reaction of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde, and a polyamine having at least one reactive N-H group.
- the hydroxyaromatic portion of the alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound comprises phenol, ortho-cresol, or mixtures thereof.
- the alkyl-substituent of the alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound can be derived from a polyolefin which can be a homopolymer, copolymer, or mixtures thereof.
- the polyolefin has have a number average molecular weight of 900 to 1500.
- polyolefins can be prepared from olefin monomers of 2 to 10 carbon atoms to include ethylene, propylene, isomers of butene, isomers of decene and mixtures of two or more thereof.
- the polyolefins include polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutenes and copolymers of ethylene and propylene.
- a preferred polyolefin is a polyisobutylene derived from a refinery stream having an isobutylene content of 30 to 60% by weight.
- a more preferred polyolefin is a polyisobutylene having at least 70% of its olefinic double bonds at a terminal position on the carbon chain as the vinylidene type.
- Highly reactive polyisobutylenes having a high vinylidene isomer content include Glissopal® marketed by BASF.
- the alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound can be prepared by well known methods including alkylating a hydroxyaromatic compound such as phenol with a polyolefin such as polyisobutylene using a Lewis acid catalyst like boron trifluoride.
- the aldehyde used to prepare the Mannich reaction product of the present invention can be an aldehyde having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Formaldehyde is preferred and can be used in one of its reagent forms such as paraformaldehyde and formalin.
- the polyamine used to prepare the Mannich reaction product of the present invention contains at least two or more amine nitrogen atoms and has at least one reactive N-H group capable of undergoing the Mannich reaction .
- the polyamine includes alkylenediamines, polyalkylenepolyamines, polyamines containing hydroxy groups and cyclic polyamines.
- the Mannich reaction product can be derived from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N,N'-trimethylethylenediamine, N,N-dimethylpropylenediamine, N,N'-dimethylpropylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol, 4-(3-aminopropyl)-morpholine, and mixtures thereof.
- the Mannich reaction product of the present invention can be prepared by reacting the alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, aldehyde and polyamine by well known methods including the method described in U.S. Patent 5,876,468.
- the fluidizer of the present invention comprises a polyether, a polyetheramine, or mixtures thereof.
- the polyether of the present invention can be represented by the formula RO[CH 2 CH(R 1 )O] x H where R is a hydrocarbyl group; R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups of 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; and x is a number from 2 to 50.
- the hydrocarbyl group R is a univalent hydrocarbon group as described above for the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine, has one or more carbon atoms, and includes alkyl and alkylphenyl groups having 7 to 30 total carbon atoms, preferably 9 to 25 total carbon atoms, and more preferably 11 to 20 total carbon atoms.
- the repeating oxyalkylene units are preferably derived from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide.
- the number of oxyalkylene units x is preferably 10 to 35, and more preferably 18 to 27.
- the polyether of the present invention can be prepared by various well known methods including condensing one mole of an alcohol or alkylphenol with two or more moles of an alkylene oxide, mixture of alkylene oxides, or with several alkylene oxides in sequential fashion usually in the presence of a base catalyst.
- U.S. Patent 5,094,667 provides reaction conditions for preparing a polyether. Suitable polyethers are commercially available from Dow Chemicals, Huntsman, ICI and include the Actaclear® series from Bayer.
- the polyetheramine of the present invention can be represented by the formula R[OCH 2 CH(R 1 )] n A where R is a hydrocarbyl group as described above for polyethers; R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups of 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; n is a number from 2 to 50; and A is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NR 2 R 2 and ⁇ NR 3 R 3 where each R 2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of one or more carbon atoms, and each R 3 is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group of one or more carbon atoms, or ⁇ [R 4 N(R 5 )] p R 6 where R 4 is C 2 -C 10 alkylene, R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of one or more carbon atoms, and p is a number from 1 to 7.
- the polyetheramine is preferably derived from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide.
- the number of oxyalkylene units n in the polyetheramine is preferably 10 to 35, and more preferably 18 to 27.
- the polyetheramine of the present invention can be prepared by various well know methods.
- a polyether derived from an alcohol or alkylphenol as described above can be condensed with ammonia, an amine or a polyamine in a reductive amination to form a polyetheramine as described in European Publication No. EP 310875.
- the polyether can be condensed with acrylonitrile and the nitrile intermediate hydrogenated to form a polyetheramine as described in U.S. Patent 5,094,667.
- Polyetheramines where A is ⁇ OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 are preferred.
- Polyetheramines are commercially available in the Techron® series from Chevron and in the Jeffamine® series from Huntsman.
- the fuel composition of the present invention includes a combination of nitrogen-containing detergents comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine and a Mannich reaction product as described above which is in a weight ratio of the polyamine to the Mannich reaction product of 0.5:1 to 1:0.5, preferably of 0.75:1 to 1:0.75, and more preferably of 1:1.
- Each of the nitrogen-containing detergents can be present in the fuel composition at 20-100 ppm by weight, preferably at 22-80 ppm by weight, and more preferably at 24-60 ppm by weight.
- the fuel composition optionally includes a fluidizer comprising a polyether, a polyetheramine, or mixtures thereof as described above where the weight ratio of the fluidizer to the combination of the nitrogen-containing detergents is less than 0.5, in another embodiment less than 0.3, and in a further embodiment less than 0.2
- the fuel composition comprises the combination of nitrogen-containing detergents, the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine and Mannich reaction product, at or greater than 60 ppm by weight as illustrated in the examples of Table 1 and 2 hereinbelow.
- a method of the present invention of operating an internal combustion engine comprises fueling the engine with the fuel composition of the present invention which comprises the hydrocarbon fuel, the combination of nitrogen-containing detergents, and optionally the fluidizer as described in this application.
- a method of controlling deposits in an internal combustion engine comprises fueling the engine with the fuel composition of the present invention as described in this application.
- the fuel composition of the present invention can include a solvent to facilitate handling and transfer of fuel additives and fuel additive concentrates and to provide homogeneous fuel additive concentrates and fuel compositions.
- the solvent can be an aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, glycol ether, alcohol, or mixtures thereof.
- suitable solvents include various naphthas, various kerosenes, benzene, toluene, xylenes, aliphatic alcohols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof.
- the fuel composition of the present invention can include additional fuel additives depending on the requirements of the engine it is used in.
- the fuel composition can include antioxidants such as hindered phenols, supplemental detergents like succinimides, corrosion inhibitors such as alkenylsuccinic acids, antistatic agents, biocides, demulsifiers, and additional fluidizers such as mineral oils and poly(alpha-olefins).
- Gasoline fuel compositions can contain antiknock additives such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, haloalkane lead scavengers, and anti-valve seat recession additives such as alkali metal sulphosuccinate salts.
- Diesel fuel compositions can contain organo nitrite or nitrate cetane improvers, cold flow improvers such as copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, smoke suppressants, antifoam agents like silicone fluids, and lubricity agents such as tall oil fatty acids.
- the fuel composition of the present invention is generally prepared by mixing the components which can include the hydrocarbon fuel, the nitrogen-containing detergents, fluidizer, solvent, and additional fuel additives at ambient temperature or at an elevated temperature of 40 to 60°C until the mixture is homogeneous.
- the various fuel additive and solvent components can be added to the hydrocarbon fuel separately but are usually added as a mixture or fuel additive concentrate which is prepared in the same way as the fuel composition.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
BMW 2,500 Miles with Unleaded Gasoline Containing Ethanol | |||||
Example | A Hydrocarbyl Polyamine, ppm actives | B Mannich, ppm actives | Fluidizer, Ppm actives | Ratio of Fluidizer to A + B | Intake Valve Deposits, mg |
1 (comparative) | 61.6 | ― | 31.6 | 0.51 | 282 |
2 (comparative) | 68.4 | ― | 35.1 | 0.51 | 85 |
3 (comparative) | 30.2 | ― | 46.4 | 1.54 | 172 |
4 | 31.7 | 32.7 | 3.9 | 0.06 | 48 |
5 | 36.0 | 37.1 | ― | ― | 43 |
BMW 2,500 Miles with Unleaded Gasoline | |||||
Example | A Hydrocarbyl Polyamine, ppm actives | B Mannich, ppm actives | Polyether, ppm actives | Ratio of Polyether to A + B | Intake Valve Deposits, mg |
6 (comparative) | 68.4 | ― | 35.1 | 0.51 | 25.4 |
7 (comparative) | ― | 57.5 | 28.3 | 0.49 | 23.0 |
8 | 40.0 | 41.2 | ― | ― | 8.6 |
Claims (12)
- A fuel composition useful for a spark or a compression ignition internal combustion engine, comprising:a hydrocarbon fuel;a combination of nitrogen-containing detergents comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine and a Mannich reaction product of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde, and a polyamine having at least one reactive N-H group; andoptionally a fluidizer comprising a polyether, a polyetheramine, or mixtures thereof;
- The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein each of the nitrogen-containing detergents is present at 22-80 ppm by weight.
- The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the fluidizer to the combination of nitrogen-containing detergents is less than 0.3.
- The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine is derived from a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight of 900-1500.
- The fuel composition of claim 4 wherein the polyolefin is a polyisobutylene.
- The composition of claim 4 wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamine is derived from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol, and mixtures thereof.
- The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the hydroxyaromatic portion of said alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound comprises phenol, ortho-cresol, or mixtures thereof.
- The fuel composition of claim 7 wherein the polyolefin is a polyisobutylene having at least 70% of the olefinic double bonds as vinylidene double bonds.
- The fuel composition of claim 8 wherein the aldehyde is formaldehyde; and the Mannich reaction product is derived from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N,N'-trimethylethylenediamine, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N-dimethylpropylenediamine, N,N'-dimethylpropylenediamine, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol, and mixtures thereof.
- The fuel composition of any preceding claim wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is a gasoline or a diesel fuel; and wherein the gasoline or diesel fuel optionally contains an oxygenate comprising methanol, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, or mixtures thereof.
- A method of operating an internal combustion engine, comprising fueling the engine with the fuel composition of claim 10.
- A method of controlling deposits in an internal combustion engine, comprising fueling the engine with the fuel composition of claim 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US924027 | 2001-08-07 | ||
US09/924,027 US20030029077A1 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2001-08-07 | Fuel composition containing detergent combination and methods thereof |
PCT/US2002/018749 WO2003014267A2 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2002-06-14 | Fuel composition containing detergent combination and methods thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1414933A2 EP1414933A2 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
EP1414933B1 true EP1414933B1 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP02742048A Expired - Lifetime EP1414933B1 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2002-06-14 | Fuel composition containing detergent combination and methods thereof |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20030029077A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1414933B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004537641A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE292666T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002315108B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2456634A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60203626T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003014267A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR20050117567A (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2005-12-14 | 시바 스폐셜티 케미칼스 홀딩 인코포레이티드 | Diesel fuel composition and a method to improve filterability of diesel fuel |
DE10316871A1 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-21 | Basf Ag | Fuel composition |
US20050034360A1 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-02-17 | Aradi Allen A. | Use of detergent additives in high-ethanol fuels for deposit control |
US7964543B2 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2011-06-21 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Mannich condensation products useful as sequestering agents |
US7597726B2 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2009-10-06 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Mannich detergents for hydrocarbon fuels |
US20080086934A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Cunningham Lawrence J | Protecting fuel delivery systems in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels |
US20080086936A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Cunningham Lawrence J | Method and compositions for reducing wear in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels |
US20080086935A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Lawrence J Cunningham | Method and compositions for reducing corrosion in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels |
US20080086933A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Cunningham Lawrence J | Volatility agents as fuel additives for ethanol-containing fuels |
US9157041B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2015-10-13 | Innospec Limited | Fuel compositions |
WO2009040585A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Innospec Limited | Fuel compositions |
US9163190B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2015-10-20 | Innospec Limited | Fuel compositions |
US20100263261A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2010-10-21 | Jacqueline Reid | Fuel compositions |
GB0903165D0 (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2009-04-08 | Innospec Ltd | Methods and uses relating to fuel compositions |
US9212326B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-12-15 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Hydrohalogenation of vinyl terminated polymers and their functionalized derivatives for fouling mitigation in hydrocarbon refining processes |
AU2014314325B2 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2017-09-21 | Bp Oil International Limited | Methods and uses for intake-valve and direct-injector deposit clean-up. |
WO2015028391A1 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-05 | Bp Oil International Limited | Methods and uses for controlling deposits on valves in direct-injection spark-ignition engines |
GB201416088D0 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-10-29 | Bp Oil Int | Additive and fuel compositions |
GB201416086D0 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-10-29 | Bp Oil Int | Methods and uses |
GB201416082D0 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-10-29 | Bp Oil Int | Method and uses |
GB201416073D0 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-10-29 | Bp Oil Int | Methods and uses |
WO2017032387A2 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-02 | Sobiha Manal Mohamed Metwally | Mtbe-methanol-gasoline blend (e15m10) |
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US4166726A (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1979-09-04 | Chevron Research Company | Diesel fuel containing polyalkylene amine and Mannich base |
US4978366A (en) * | 1988-01-14 | 1990-12-18 | Petrolite Corporation | Distillate fuels stabilized with diaminomethane and method thereof |
US4900427A (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1990-02-13 | Petrolite Corporation | Antifoulant compositions and methods |
JP3378034B2 (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 2003-02-17 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | Gasoline composition |
US5503644A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1996-04-02 | Shell Oil Company | Gasoline composition for reducing intake valve deposits in port fuel injected engines |
US5169410A (en) * | 1991-09-24 | 1992-12-08 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Methods for stabilizing gasoline mixtures |
AU668151B2 (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1996-04-26 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Composition for control of induction system deposits |
GB9618546D0 (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 1996-10-16 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Dispersants/detergents for hydrocarbons fuels |
US5873917A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-02-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Fuel additive compositions containing polyether alcohol and hydrocarbylphenol |
US6458172B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-10-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Fuel additive compositions and fuel compositions containing detergents and fluidizers |
-
2001
- 2001-08-07 US US09/924,027 patent/US20030029077A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-06-14 JP JP2003519200A patent/JP2004537641A/en active Pending
- 2002-06-14 EP EP02742048A patent/EP1414933B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 WO PCT/US2002/018749 patent/WO2003014267A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-14 AT AT02742048T patent/ATE292666T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-14 CA CA002456634A patent/CA2456634A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-14 DE DE60203626T patent/DE60203626T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-14 AU AU2002315108A patent/AU2002315108B2/en not_active Ceased
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CA2456634A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
AU2002315108B2 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
US20030029077A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
WO2003014267A2 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
EP1414933A2 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
DE60203626D1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
ATE292666T1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
WO2003014267A3 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
JP2004537641A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
DE60203626T2 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
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