EP1411235B1 - Two cycle hot gas engine with two movable parts - Google Patents

Description

The invention is in the field of hot gas engines.

background

The patent DE 199 38 023 discloses for the first time a hot gas engine with one another running one another Piston, wherein the stroke range of the inner working piston in the middle in the stroke range of the outer bulb lies. The patent DE 100 16 707 discloses for the first time such a motor as Free piston version.

If the construction of a hot gas engine allows it for the realization of one or more Hot gas cycles (circular processes) can be dispensed with a transmission, can be Use pressure fluctuations of the motor to drive diaphragms or piezo ceramics. For example, patent DE 102 40 750 describes such a gearless hot gas engine.

invention

The object of the invention is to provide an improved two-cycle hot gas engine with only two moving parts works to reveal. It also suggests a possibility to increase the compression ratio of this engine.

This object is achieved by a 2-cycle hot gas engine according to the independent Claim 1 solved.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent subclaims.

embodiments

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

The movement of the double outer bulb 2 also influences when the inner bulb is stationary the working gas total volume. The double inner piston 3 reaches during operation a higher speed than the double outer bulb 2.

The double inner piston 3 rushes, driven by the changing working gas pressure, the Double outer bulb 2 ahead. The double inner piston 3 generates with its movement Pressure change of the buffer gas in the spaces 6.1, 6.2 and thus forces the outer bulb in the same direction. Due to the interaction of its magnets 2.7 with external Magnet 1.2, the stop of the double outer bulb 2 is prevented to the cylinder wall.

From point A to B Figure 2 is for the first gas cycle, the isochoric heat from the regenerator and for the second gas cycle the isochoric heat removal to the regenerator is shown. The subsequent isothermal heating for the first cycle and for the second cycle Isothermal cooling runs from point B to C. The working gas volume increases for the first and falls for the second cycle. From point C to D, the isochore takes place for the first cycle Heat dissipation to the regenerator and for the second cycle the isochoric heat supply from Regenerator instead. With decreasing working gas volume for the first cycle, the isothermal runs Cooling and increasing working gas volume for the second cycle the isothermal Heating from point D to A Fig.2.

Fig.1 shows the basic structure of the engine with its essential components. The two gas cycles work with 180 ° phase shift. The piston rod 3.3 can be made hollow to to connect the buffer gas spaces 6.1 and 6.2. In this case, the buffer gas volume is constant and independent of the piston positions. About a cross-sectional reduction of Opening in the piston rod 3.3, a defined pressure loss can be set in it upon movement of the double inner piston 3, a pressure change in the buffer gas spaces 6.1 and 6.2.

The inner pistons 3.1 and 3.2 can be maintained while maintaining the necessary piston sealing surfaces also perform cup-shaped, so that the cup openings facing the magnet 2.7 are. Thus, the buffer gas pressure is brought to a lower level.

The structure of the engine can be described as follows:

In a cylinder body 1, a double outer piston 2 is arranged axially movable and in this a double inner piston 3 is arranged axially movable.

The cylinder body 1 includes two outer Stirnbegrenzungswände and a parallel thereto middle partition so that two equal spaces are formed in its interior.

The middle partition wall of the cylinder body 1 contains a central bore at least to record a sliding seal 1.1. The double outer bulb 2 connects via a hollow piston rod 2.3 two outer pistons 2.1 and 2.2 with each other and the hollow Piston rod 2.3 is pressure-tight guided by the sliding seal 1.1.

The double inner piston 3 connects via a piston rod 3.3 two inner pistons 3.1 and 3.2 with each other and the piston rod 3.3 is pressure-tight guided by the sliding seals 2.4, which are located in the hollow piston rod 2.3.

The front boundary surfaces of the cylinder body 1 contain magnets 1.2, with magnets 2.7 interact in the front boundary surfaces of the double outer bulb 2 on repulsion (springs are also possible).

The outer bulb 2.1 contains in its side facing away from the magnets front boundary surface Openings 2.5, which connect the gas space 4.2 with the gas space 4.3. The outer bulb 2.2 contains in its side facing away from the magnets front boundary surface openings 2.6, the Connect the gas space 5.1 with the gas space 5.2.

The outer bulb 2.1 may alternatively to the aforementioned openings 2.5 this in his the Magnet facing end boundary surface, which then the gas space 4.1 with the Connect gas chamber 6.1. The gas space 4.2 is thereby the buffer space.

The outer bulb 2.2 may alternatively to the aforementioned openings 2.6 this in his the Magnet facing end boundary surface containing, then the gas space 6.2 with the Connect gas chamber 5.3. The gas space 5.2 is thereby the buffer space.

The gas space 4.1 is a heater 8, a regenerator 9 and a radiator 10 with the Gas space 4.3 connected, the gas space 5.1 is a cooler 11, a regenerator 12 and a heater 13 connected to the gas space 5.3.

In a likewise useful arrangement, heaters and coolers can be interchanged with each other: Instead of the heater 8 or 13, a radiator is arranged or instead of the radiator 10 or 11, a heater is arranged.

To increase the compression ratio and to limit the pressure amplitude in The rooms, which serve as buffer gas rooms, can be used to modify the engine. This task is achieved by converting the two buffer gas spaces into working gas spaces.

Fig. 3 shows the basic structure of the engine. There are two double pistons, the outer one Piston 200 and the inner piston 300 in a cylinder body 100. The cylinder body encloses the outer piston 200, which in turn includes the inner piston 300.

In the faces of the cylinder and the pistons are cylindrical magnets on Repulsion are arranged.

The first working gas cycle takes place in the following rooms: 401, 402, 403, 404 and interiors of 800, 900, 1000 and interiors of connecting pipelines. The second working gas cycle expires in the following rooms: 501, 502, 503, 504 and interiors of 1100, 1200, 1300 and interiors of connecting pipelines.

The inventive arrangement of a hot gas engine is characterized in that the Gas space 403 is connected to the gas space 404 and that the gas space 501 with the gas space 504 is connected. Here, the first gas connection to one of the two working gas cycles and the second gas connection is connected to the second working gas cycle. Both Working gas cycles are sealed against each other.

The mutual connection openings can be parallel to the central axis running bores (channels 208 and 209) of the hollow piston rod 203 run. The reciprocal gas connection may be in the inner perimeter covers of the dual outer envelope 200 be realized.

Another possibility is at least one of the channels in the piston rod 303 of the double inner piston 300 form.

For thermal decoupling of heater and cylinder can be for both cycles ever Arrange pulse tube meaningfully so that the central axis of the pulse tube perpendicular to the central axis the cylinder body 100 of the engine is.

If a mechanical power dissipation from the double outer piston 200 through the cylinder wall is required to the outside (Fig. 6), the attachment of a piston rod 210 takes place the double outer piston 200. The piston rod is to perform a linear lifting movement passed through the cylinder wall pressure-tight to the outside. This is a seal 103 required, which lies in the described arrangement on the cold engine side.

In connection with a stroke limitation realized outside the cylinder main body of the double outer bulb 200 can be dispensed with the magnets 102. This is the Piston rod for force transmission to the outside and for stroke limitation of the double outer piston 200 with the center of a diaphragm, with a connecting rod attached to a crankshaft hinges or mechanically connected to the bobbin of a linear generator.

Fig. 7 shows a motor that does not require any magnets. The working gas chambers 404 and 504 are converted to buffer gas spaces 404P and 504P. This serves with the Movement of the double inner piston 300 compressed buffer gas of the impulse transmission the double outer bulb 200.

Likewise, while maintaining the working gas chambers 404 and 504 and the connecting channels 208 and 209 on the cross section of these channels, the gas spring acting in them so set that can be dispensed with magnets. A defined damping can be eg via the external heat-transferring components.

Fig. 4 shows schematically the arrangement of the heat-transferring components: heater, regenerator and coolers for each working gas cycle. It can be the heater 800 with the heater 1300 for operation with a burner summarize by heating both as a series lying spirals of a heater base body are formed. Another meaningful Arrangement is the connection of the two coolers 1000 and 1100. These can be For example, in the design as a tube bundle heat exchanger for both cycles on the gas side and water side summarize.

Fig. 5 illustrates the flow of state changes and the system function.

In position A, both pistons are on the left side. The working gas of the first cycle is under high pressure before expansion (eg 15 bar). The volume is on the Room 403 compressed. The working gas of the second cycle is under compression low pressure (eg 5 bar). The volume is high and is in rooms 502, 503 and 504.

During the movement of the double inner piston 300 from A to B, the double outer bulb remains 200 in its left position. The movement of the double inner piston 300 of left to right comes about through the pressure difference on the sides of the piston. simultaneously there is a supply of heat from the heater of the first cycle and heat dissipation the cooler of the second cycle. At the end of the movement has the pressure of both cycles approximated. It is now for example 10 bar in both cycles.

The left magnet 207 may contact the left magnet after reduced pressure in the first cycle 102 repel. The kinetic energy of the double inner piston 300 is given as an impulse transferred to the double outer bulb 200. In this case, the right magnet pushes 304 in the Movement from B to C via the right magnet 207 the double outer bulb 200 on the right side. The volume of the first cycle remains constantly high and that of the second cycle constantly low. As a result of the displacement movement both regenerators be flowed through, the pressure falls in the first (for example, to 5 bar) and increases the pressure in second cycle (for example to 15 bar).

During the movement of the double inner piston 300 from C to D, the double outer bulb remains 200 in its right position. The movement of the double inner piston 300 from right to left comes about by the pressure difference on the piston sides. At the same time there is a heat dissipation to the radiator of the first cycle and a heat supply from the heater of the second cycle. At the end of the movement, the pressure of both Cycles approximated again. It is now for example 10 bar in both cycles.

The right solenoid 207 may move from the right after reduced pressure in the second cycle Repel magnets 102. The kinetic energy of the double inner piston 300 is given as an impulse transferred to the double outer bulb 200. At this time, the left magnet 304 pushes the movement from D to A via the left magnet 207 the double outer bulb 200th on the left side. The volume of the first cycle remains constantly low and that of the second cycle constantly high. As a result of the displacement movement both regenerators be flowed through, the pressure in the first increases (for example, to 15 bar) and the pressure drops in the second cycle (for example to 5 bar).

The features disclosed in the foregoing description, claims and figures The invention can be used both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments of importance.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Cylinder body

1.1

Seal for separating both gas cycles

1.2

Magnet for rejection of 2.7

2

Dual external piston

2.1

Outer bulb first gas cycle

2.2

Outer piston second gas cycle

2.3

Piston rod of 2

2.4

Seal in 2.3

2.5

Gas connection opening in 2.1

2.6

Gas connection opening in 2.2

2.7

Magnet for rejection of 1.2

3

Double inner piston

3.1

Inner piston first gas cycle

3.2

Inner piston second gas cycle

3.3

Piston rod of 3

4

Working gas first gas cycle

4.1

Gas space 4.1

4.2

Gas room 4.2

4.3

Gas space 4.3

5

Working gas second gas cycle

5.1

Gas room 5.1

5.2

Gas room 5.2

5.3

Gas room 5.3

6.1

Buffer gas space 1

6.2

Buffer gas space 2

7

Gas interconnector

8th

Heater of 4

9

Regenerator of 4

10

Cooler of 4

11

Cooler of 5

12

Regenerator of 5

13

Heater of 5

100

Cylinder body

101

Seal for separating both gas cycles

102

Magnets for repulsion from the magnets 207

103

Piston rod seal in the cylinder body (for piston rod 210)

200

Dual external piston

201

Outer bulb first gas cycle

202

Outer piston second gas cycle

203

Piston rod of the double outer bulb

204

Seals in the piston rod 203

205

Gas connection openings in the double outer bulb 200, first gas cycle

206

Gas connection openings in double outer bulb 200, second gas cycle

207

Magnet for repulsion from the magnet 102 in the cylinder main body and 304

208

Working gas connection channel between gas space 501 and gas space 504

209

Working gas connection duct between gas space 403 and gas space 404

210

Piston rod of the outer bulb for power delivery from the machine

300

Double inner piston

301

Inner piston first gas cycle

302

Inner piston second gas cycle

303

Piston rod of the double inner piston

304

Magnet of the double inner piston for repulsion from the magnet 207

400

Working gas first gas cycle

401

Gas room 401

402

Gas room 402 (over 205 connected to 401)

403

Gas room 403 (over 800, 900, 1000 connected with 401)

404

Gas room 404 (over 209 connected with 403)

404P

Buffer gas space instead of 404

500

Working gas second gas cycle

501

Gas room 501

502

Gas room 502 (over 206 connected with 503)

503

Gas room 503 (over 1100, 1200, 1300 connected with 501)

504

Gas room 504 (over 208 connected to 501)

504p

Buffer gas space instead of 504

701

Radiator connection of the first gas cycle to the cylinder body

702

Heater connection first gas cycle to the cylinder body

703

Heater connection second gas cycle to the cylinder body

704

Radiator connection of the second gas cycle to the cylinder body

800

Heater first gas cycle

801

Pulse tube for thermal decoupling of heater 800 and cylinder body

900

Regenerator first gas cycle

1000

Cooler first gas cycle

1001

Water connection of radiator 1000

1100

Cooler second gas cycle

1101

Water connection of radiator 1100

1200

Regenerator second gas cycle

1300

Heater second gas cycle

1301

Pulse tube for thermal decoupling of heater 1300 and cylinder body

Claims (20)

1. A dual cycle hot gas engine comprising pistons which are movable inside one another, characterized in that a dual external piston (2) is arranged to be axially movable inside a basic cylinder member (1) and a dual internal piston (3) is arranged to be axially movable inside the dual external piston (2).
2. The hot gas engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the basic cylinder member (1) includes two outer end walls and a central partition in parallel with the same whereby two like spaces are formed in the interior of the basic cylinder member (1).
3. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central partition of the basic cylinder member (1) is formed with a central bore to be able to receive at least one sliding seal (1.1).
4. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dual external piston (2) interconnects two external pistons (2.1 and 2.2) by a hollow piston rod (2.3), and the hollow piston rod (2.3) is guided tightly through the sliding seal (1.1).
5. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dual internal piston (3) interconnects two internal pistons (3.1 and 3.2) by a piston rod (3.3), and the piston rod (3.3) is guided tightly through sliding seals (2.4) which are located in the hollow piston rod (2.3).
6. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end surfaces of the basic cylinder member (1) include magnets (1.2) for mutually repelling interaction with magnets (2.7) disposed in the end surfaces of the dual external piston (2) (springs are conceivable too).
7. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external piston (2.1) has apertures (2.5) in its end surface remote from the magnets which apertures connect the gas space (4.2) with the gas space (4.3).
8. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external piston (2.2) has apertures (2.6) in its end surface remote from the magnets which apertures connect the gas space (5.1) with the gas space (5.2).
9. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, except claim 7, characterized in that the external piston (2.1) has apertures (2.5) in its end surface facing the magnets which apertures connect the gas space (4.1) with the gas space (6.1); gas space (4.2) becoming a buffer space.
10. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, except claim 8, characterized in that the external piston (2.2) has apertures (2.6) in its end surface facing the magnets which apertures connect the gas space (6.2) with the gas space (5.3); gas space (5.2) becoming a buffer space.
11. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas space (4.1) communicates with the gas space (4.3) via a heater (8), a regenerator (9), and a cooler (10), and that the gas space (5.1) communicates with the gas space (5.3) via a cooler (11), a regenerator (12), and a heater (13).
12. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heater (8 or 13) is replaced by a cooler, and the cooler (10 or 11) is replaced by a heater.
13. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston rod (3.3) of the dual internal piston (3) is hollow, thus connecting the buffer gas space (6.1) with the buffer gas space (6.2).
14. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that gas space (403) communicates with gas space (404) and gas space (501) communicates with gas space (504).
15. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first gas connection is linked to one of the two working gas cycles, while the second gas connection is linked to the second working gas cycle.
16. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two gas connections are embodied by passages (208 and 209) in the hollow piston rod (203) of the dual external piston (200).
17. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the passages is formed in the piston rod (303) of the dual internal piston (300).
18. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pulse tube each is provided for both cycles for thermic decoupling of heater and cylinder, the pulse tube being arranged so that its central axis extends at right angles to the central axis of the basic cylinder member (100) of the engine.
19. The hot gas engine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dual external piston (200) is connected to a piston rod (210) to carry off force, and the piston rod is passed tightly through the cylinder wall to the outside.
20. The hot gas engine as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that, to carry off force to the outside and to limit the stroke of the dual external piston (200), the piston rod (210) is mechanically connected to the center of a diaphragm, a connecting rod pivoted at a crankshaft, or the coil member of a linear generator.

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