EP1411235A1 - Two cycle hot gas engine with two movable parts - Google Patents

Abstract

The two-stroke hot gas motor has a double outer piston (2) with an axial movement in the cylinder body (1). A double inner piston (3) moves axially within the outer piston. The cylinder has two outer limit walls, and a center dividing wall to give two equal chambers, and a center drilling to take at least one sliding seal (1.1) for the hollow piston rod (2.3) as the bonding link between the two outer pistons (2.1,2.2). The piston rod (3.3) between the two inner pistons (3.1,3.2) passes through sliding seals (2.4) within the hollow outer piston rod. Magnets (1.2) at the outer end walls act with magnets (2.7) at the outer pistons.

Description

The invention is in the field of hot gas engines.

background

Patent DE 199 38 023 for the first time discloses a hot gas engine with one another running into one another Piston in which the stroke range of the inner working piston is centered in the stroke range of the outer piston lies. Patent DE 100 16 707 for the first time discloses such a motor Free piston version.

If the construction of a hot gas engine allows for the realization of one or more Hot gas cycles (cycle processes) can be dispensed with a gearbox, the Use pressure fluctuations in the motor to drive diaphragms or piezo ceramics. Patent DE 102 40 750, for example, describes such a gearless hot gas engine.

invention

The object of the invention is to provide an improved two-cycle hot gas engine with only two moving parts works to reveal. It also suggests a way to increase the compression ratio of this engine.

This object is achieved by a 2-cycle hot gas engine according to the independent Claim 1 solved.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent subclaims.

embodiments

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

The movement of the double outer piston 2 also influences when the inner piston is stationary the total working gas volume. The double inner piston 3 reaches during operation a higher speed than the double outer piston 2.

The double inner piston 3 rushes, driven by the changing working gas pressure, the Double outer piston 2 ahead. With its movement, the double inner piston 3 produces one Pressure change of the buffer gas in rooms 6.1, 6.2 and thus forces the outer bulb in the same direction. Due to the interaction of its magnets 2.7 with external ones Magnet 1.2 prevents the double outer piston 2 from hitting the cylinder wall.

From point A to B Fig. 2 is the isochoric heat supply from the regenerator for the first gas cycle and the isochoric heat dissipation to the regenerator is shown for the second gas cycle. The subsequent isothermal heating for the first cycle and for the second cycle Isothermal cooling runs from point B to C. The working gas volume increases for the first and falls for the second cycle. From point C to D the isochore finds for the first cycle Heat dissipation to the regenerator and for the second cycle the isochoric heat supply from Regenerator instead. When the working gas volume falls for the first cycle, the isothermal course Cooling and increasing working gas volume for the second cycle isothermal Heating from point D to A Fig.2.

Fig.1 shows the basic structure of the engine with its essential components. The two gas cycles work with 180 ° phase shift. The piston rod 3.3 can be designed to be hollow to connect the buffer gas spaces 6.1 and 6.2. In this case the buffer gas volume is constant and regardless of the piston positions. By reducing the cross-section of the Opening in the piston rod 3.3, a defined pressure loss can be set in it when the double inner piston 3 moves, a pressure change in the buffer gas spaces 6.1 and 6.2 to achieve.

The inner pistons 3.1 and 3.2 can be maintained while maintaining the necessary piston sealing surfaces also make cup-shaped so that the cup openings face the magnet 2.7 are. This brings the buffer gas pressure to a lower level.

The structure of the engine can be described as follows:

A double outer piston 2 is arranged in an axially movable manner in a basic cylinder body 1 and in this a double inner piston 3 is axially movable.

The cylinder body 1 contains two outer end walls and one parallel to it middle partition, so that two identical rooms are formed in its interior.

The middle partition of the cylinder body 1 contains a central bore by at least to be able to accommodate a sliding seal 1.1. The double outer piston 2 connects Via a hollow piston rod 2.3 two outer pistons 2.1 and 2.2 with each other and the hollow one Piston rod 2.3 is pressure-tight through the sliding seal 1.1.

The double inner piston 3 connects via a piston rod 3.3 two inner pistons 3.1 and 3.2 with each other and the piston rod 3.3 is pressure-tight through the sliding seals 2.4, which are located in the hollow piston rod 2.3.

The end boundary surfaces of the cylinder body 1 contain magnets 1.2, those with magnets 2.7 interact in the end boundary surfaces of the double outer bulb 2 for repulsion (feathers are also possible).

The outer bulb 2.1 contains in its end boundary surface facing away from the magnet Openings 2.5 which connect the gas space 4.2 to the gas space 4.3. The outer bulb 2.2 contains openings 2.6 in its end facing surface facing away from the magnets, which the Connect gas space 5.1 to gas space 5.2.

As an alternative to the aforementioned openings 2.5, the outer bulb 2.1 can have these in its Contain magnets facing end boundary surface, which then the gas space 4.1 with the Connect gas space 6.1. The gas space 4.2 thus becomes a buffer space.

As an alternative to the aforementioned openings 2.6, the outer bulb 2.2 can have these in its the Contain magnets facing end boundary surface, which then the gas space 6.2 with the Connect gas space 5.3. The gas space 5.2 thus becomes a buffer space.

The gas space 4.1 is connected to the via a heater 8, a regenerator 9 and a cooler 10 Gas space 4.3 connected, the gas space 5.1 is via a cooler 11, a regenerator 12 and a heater 13 connected to the gas space 5.3.

In an equally sensible arrangement, the heater and the cooler can be interchanged: A cooler is arranged in place of the heater 8 or 13 or in place of the cooler 10 or 11, a heater is arranged.

To increase the compression ratio and limit the pressure amplitude in The engine can be modified in the rooms that serve as buffer gas rooms. This task is solved by converting the two buffer gas spaces into working gas spaces.

Fig. 3 shows the basic structure of the engine. There are two double pistons, the outer one Piston 200 and the inner piston 300 in a cylinder base body 100. The cylinder base body encloses the outer piston 200, which in turn contains the inner piston 300.

In the end faces of the cylinder and the piston there are cylindrical magnets that are on Repulsion are arranged.

The first working gas cycle takes place in the following rooms: 401, 402, 403, 404 and interior rooms of 800, 900, 1000 and indoor pipes connecting. The second working gas cycle expires in the following rooms: 501, 502, 503, 504 and interiors of 1100, 1200, 1300 and indoor pipes connecting.

The arrangement of a hot gas engine according to the invention is characterized in that the Gas space 403 is connected to gas space 404 and that gas space 501 is connected to the gas space 504 is connected. Here, the first gas connection is to one of the two working gas cycles and the second gas connection is connected to the second working gas cycle. Both Working gas cycles are sealed against each other.

The reciprocal connection openings can be made as circumferential, parallel to the central axis Drill holes (channels 208 and 209) in the hollow piston rod 203. The mutual gas connection can be made in the inner delimitation caps of the double outer bulb 200 can be realized.

Another possibility is to have at least one of the channels in the piston rod 303 of the double inner piston 300.

For thermal decoupling of the heater and cylinder, one can be used for both cycles Arrange the pulse tube sensibly so that the center axis of the pulse tube is perpendicular to the center axis of the cylinder base body 100 of the engine.

If mechanical force is derived from the double outer piston 200 through the cylinder wall to the outside (Fig. 6), a piston rod 210 is attached to the double outer piston 200. The piston rod is used to perform a linear stroke through the cylinder wall pressure-tight to the outside. For this, a seal 103 needed, which is in the arrangement described on the cold engine side.

In connection with a stroke limitation implemented outside the cylinder body of the double outer bulb 200 can be dispensed with the magnets 102. This is the Piston rod for power transmission to the outside and to limit the stroke of the double outer piston 200 with the center of a diaphragm, with a connecting rod attached to a crankshaft hinges or mechanically connected to the bobbin of a linear generator.

Fig. 7 shows a motor that does completely without magnets. The working gas rooms 404 and 504 are converted into buffer gas spaces 404P and 504P. So that serves with the Movement of the double inner piston 300 compressed buffer gas of the pulse transmission the double outer piston 200.

Likewise, while maintaining the working gas spaces 404 and 504 and the connecting channels 208 and 209 about the cross section of these channels, the gas spring acting in them so adjust so that there is no need for magnets. A defined damping can be e.g. set using the external heat transfer components.

Fig. 4 shows schematically the arrangement of the heat-transferring components: heater, regenerator and coolers for every working gas cycle. It can be the heater 800 with the heater 1300 for operation with one burner, combining both heaters as one behind the other lying spirals of a heater body are formed. Another sensible one The arrangement is the connection of the two coolers 1000 and 1100. These can be For example, when running as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, separate on the gas side for both cycles and summarize on the water side.

Fig. 5 illustrates the state change process and the system function.

In position A both pistons are on the left side. The working gas of the first cycle stands before the expansion under high pressure (e.g. 15 bar). The volume is on the Compressed room 403. The working gas of the second cycle is under compression low pressure (e.g. 5 bar). The volume is high and is in rooms 502, 503 and 504.

When the double inner piston 300 moves from A to B, the double outer piston remains 200 in its left position. The movement of the double inner piston 300 from left to right is due to the pressure difference across the piston sides. simultaneously heat is supplied from the heater of the first cycle and heat is removed the cooler of the second cycle. At the end of the movement there is pressure in both cycles approximated. It is now, for example, 10 bar in both cycles.

The left magnet 207 can move away from the left magnet after reduced pressure in the first cycle Repel 102. The kinetic energy of the double inner piston 300 is called an impulse transferred to the double outer piston 200. The right magnet 304 pushes the Movement from B to C via the right magnet 207 on the double outer piston 200 the right side. The volume of the first cycle remains constant and that of second cycle constant low. Because both regenerators through the shifting movement are flowed through, the pressure drops in the first (e.g. to 5 bar) and the pressure rises in second cycle (e.g. to 15 bar).

When the double inner piston 300 moves from C to D, the double outer piston remains 200 in its right position. The movement of the double inner piston 300 from right to left is due to the pressure difference across the piston sides. At the same time, heat is dissipated to the cooler of the first cycle and heat is added from the heater of the second cycle. At the end of the movement there is pressure from both Cycles approximated again. It is now, for example, 10 bar in both cycles.

The right magnet 207 may move away from the right after reduced pressure in the second cycle Repel magnet 102. The kinetic energy of the double inner piston 300 is called an impulse transferred to the double outer piston 200. The left magnet 304 pushes in the movement from D to A via the left magnet 207, the double outer piston 200 to the left. The volume of the first cycle remains constant and that of second cycle constant high. Because both regenerators through the shifting movement are flowed through, the pressure rises in the first (e.g. to 15 bar) and the pressure in the second cycle (e.g. to 5 bar).

The features disclosed in the above description, the claims and the figures The invention can be used both individually and in any combination for implementation of the invention in its various embodiments.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Cylinder body

1.1

Seal to separate both gas cycles

1.2

Magnet to repel 2.7

2

Dual external piston

2.1

Outer bulb first gas cycle

2.2

Outer bulb of the second gas cycle

2.3

Piston rod from 2

2.4

Seal in 2.3

2.5

Gas connection opening in 2.1

2.6

Gas connection opening in 2.2

2.7

Magnet to repel 1.2

3

Double inner piston

3.1

Inner piston first gas cycle

3.2

Inner piston second gas cycle

3.3

Piston rod from 3

4

Working gas first gas cycle

4.1

Gas room 4.1

4.2

Gas room 4.2

4.3

Gas room 4.3

5

Working gas second gas cycle

5.1

Gas room 5.1

5.2

Gas room 5.2

5.3

Gas room 5.3

6.1

Buffer gas space 1

6.2

Buffer gas space 2

7

Gas interconnector

8th

Heater from 4

9

Regenerator of 4

10

Cooler of 4

11

Cooler of 5

12

Regenerator of 5

13

Heater from 5

100

Cylinder body

101

Seal to separate both gas cycles

102

Magnets to repel magnets 207

103

Piston rod seal in the cylinder body (for piston rod 210)

200

Dual external piston

201

Outer bulb first gas cycle

202

Outer bulb of the second gas cycle

203

Piston rod of the double outer piston

204

Seals in piston rod 203

205

Gas connection openings in the double outer bulb 200, first gas cycle

206

Gas connection openings in the double outer bulb 200, second gas cycle

207

Magnet to repel magnet 102 in the cylinder body and 304

208

Working gas connection channel between gas space 501 and gas space 504

209

Working gas connection channel between gas space 403 and gas space 404

210

Piston rod of the outer piston to derive force from the machine

300

Double inner piston

301

Inner piston first gas cycle

302

Inner piston second gas cycle

303

Piston rod of the double inner piston

304

Magnet of the double inner piston to repel magnet 207

400

Working gas first gas cycle

401

Gas room 401

402

Gas space 402 (connected to 401 via 205)

403

Gas room 403 (over 800, 900, 1000 connected with 401)

404

Gas room 404 (connected via 209 to 403)

404P

Buffer gas space instead of 404

500

Working gas second gas cycle

501

Gas room 501

502

Gas space 502 (connected to 503 via 206)

503

Gas room 503 (via 1100, 1200, 1300 connected to 501)

504

Gas space 504 (connected via 208 to 501)

504p

Buffer gas space instead of 504

701

Radiator connection of the first gas cycle to the cylinder body

702

First gas cycle heater connection to the cylinder body

703

Second gas cycle heater connection to the cylinder body

704

Radiator connection of the second gas cycle to the cylinder body

800

First gas cycle heater

801

Pulse tube for thermal decoupling of heater 800 and cylinder body

900

First gas cycle regenerator

1000

Cool first gas cycle

1001

Water connection from cooler 1000

1100

Cool second gas cycle

1101

Water connection from cooler 1100

1200

Second gas cycle regenerator

1300

Second gas cycle heater

1301

Pulse tube for thermal decoupling of heater 1300 and cylinder body

Claims (20)

2-cycle hot gas engine with pistons running into one another, characterized in that a double outer piston 2 is arranged in an axially movable manner in a cylinder base body 1 and in this a double inner piston 3 is arranged in an axially movable manner. Hot gas engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder base body 1 contains two outer end boundary walls and a central partition wall parallel thereto, so that two identical spaces are formed in its interior. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central partition of the cylinder base body 1 contains a central bore in order to be able to accommodate at least one sliding seal 1.1. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the double outer piston 2 connects two outer pistons 2.1 and 2.2 via a hollow piston rod 2.3 and the hollow piston rod 2.3 is guided pressure-tight through the sliding seal 1.1. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the double inner piston 3 connects two inner pistons 3.1 and 3.2 to each other via a piston rod 3.3 and the piston rod 3.3 is pressure-tightly guided through the sliding seals 2.4, which are located in the hollow piston rod 2.3. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end boundary surfaces of the cylinder base body 1 contain magnets 1.2 which interact with magnets 2.7 in the end boundary surfaces of the double outer piston 2 to repel (springs are also possible). Hot-gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer bulb 2.1 contains openings 2.5 in its end boundary surface facing away from the magnets, which connect the gas space 4.2 with the gas space 4.3. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer bulb 2.2 contains openings 2.6 in its end boundary surface facing away from the magnets, which connect the gas space 5.1 to the gas space 5.2. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, except 7, characterized in that the outer bulb 2.1 contains openings 2.5 in its stimulation surface facing the magnets, which connect the gas space 4.1 to the gas space 6.1. The gas space 4.2 becomes the buffer space. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, except 8, characterized in that the outer bulb 2.2 contains openings 2.6 in its stimulation surface facing the magnets, which connect the gas space 6.2 to the gas space 5.3. Gas space 5.2 becomes a buffer space. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas space 4.1 is connected to the gas space 4.3 via a heater 8, a regenerator 9 and a cooler 10 and that the gas space 5.1 is connected via a cooler 11, a regenerator 12 and a heater 13 the gas space 5.3 is connected. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cooler is arranged in place of the heater 8 or 13 and that a heater is arranged in the place of the cooler 10 or 11. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston rod 3.3 of the double inner piston 3 is hollow and thus connects the buffer gas space 6.1 with the buffer gas space 6.2. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas space 403 is connected to the gas space 404 and that the gas space 501 is connected to the gas space 504. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first gas connection is connected to one of the two working gas cycles, while the second gas connection is connected to the second working gas cycle. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two gas connections via channels 208 and 209 are formed in the hollow piston rod 203 of the double outer piston 200. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the channels is formed in the piston rod 303 of the double inner piston 300. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the thermal decoupling of the heater and cylinder for each cycle a pulse tube is arranged such that the central axis of the pulse tube is perpendicular to the central axis of the basic cylinder body 100 of the engine. Hot gas engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the double outer piston 200 is connected to a piston rod 210 for power transmission and this is guided pressure-tight through the cylinder wall to the outside. Hot gas engine according to claim 19, characterized in that the piston rod 210 for power transmission to the outside and to limit the stroke of the double outer piston 200 with the center of a membrane, with a connecting rod which hinges to a crankshaft or is mechanically connected to the coil body of a linear generator.

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