EP1409656A1 - Criblage de composes pheromonaux d'invertebres non-steroidiens et non-peptidiques ayant une activite modulant une proteine kinase activee par un mitogene - Google Patents

Criblage de composes pheromonaux d'invertebres non-steroidiens et non-peptidiques ayant une activite modulant une proteine kinase activee par un mitogene

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Publication number
EP1409656A1
EP1409656A1 EP01916541A EP01916541A EP1409656A1 EP 1409656 A1 EP1409656 A1 EP 1409656A1 EP 01916541 A EP01916541 A EP 01916541A EP 01916541 A EP01916541 A EP 01916541A EP 1409656 A1 EP1409656 A1 EP 1409656A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cis
map kinase
ester
activity
pheromone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01916541A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1409656A4 (fr
Inventor
Nadav Zamir
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Darley Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Original Assignee
Alydar Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Alydar Pharmaceuticals Inc filed Critical Alydar Pharmaceuticals Inc
Publication of EP1409656A1 publication Critical patent/EP1409656A1/fr
Publication of EP1409656A4 publication Critical patent/EP1409656A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/11—Aldehydes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/01—Hydrocarbons
    • A61K31/015—Hydrocarbons carbocyclic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/12—Ketones
    • A61K31/121—Ketones acyclic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
    • A61K31/231—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having one or two double bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/48—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase
    • C12Q1/485—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase involving kinase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
    • G01N2500/04—Screening involving studying the effect of compounds C directly on molecule A (e.g. C are potential ligands for a receptor A, or potential substrates for an enzyme A)

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally directed to compounds having mitogen- activated protein kinase modulating activity, and to methods of screening such compounds and to compositions employing the same. Modulation of mitogen-activated kinase activity has been associated with the treatment of a variety of medical diseases, conditions, and/or symptoms thereof in warm-blooded animals including humans.
  • Intercellular communication is essential forthe development and normal function of all multicellular organisms.
  • Cells communicate and respond to extracellular signals by utilizing various cellular mechanisms called signal transduction pathways. These pathways involve a series of molecular events culminating in the activation of effector mechanisms that result in specific cellular responses.
  • Certain disturbances in signal transduction pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, conditions and symptoms thereof including cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis), neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease), and other diseases including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the like.
  • MAP mitogen-activated protein
  • kinases also known as the protein kinase cascades
  • Mitogen- activated protein kinases are believed to include up to five levels of protein kinases that sequentially activate each other through the process of phosphorylation.
  • a small GTP binding protein which transmits the signal to the protein kinases.
  • the signal is then transmitted down the cascade by enzymes at the various levels.
  • the existence of multiple levels in each of the MAP kinase cascades is believed essential for signal amplification, specificity and tight regulation of the transmitted signals.
  • oncogenes encode signal transduction pathway proteins involved in the regulation of self proliferation. Expression of these oncogenes may induce chronic activation that results in uncontrolled proliferation. Thus, tumor cells are effectively released from normal regulation and thereby proliferate, enabling the tumor to enlarge.
  • platelets aggregate and participate in the occlusion of coronary arteries by responding to a variety of signals released by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. In this particular case, platelets actually respond appropriately to signals they are receiving, but they do so in an inappropriate place.
  • autoimmune disease signaling molecules produced by the processing and presentation of self-antigens activate cells of the immune system, and the activated immune cells respond by eliminating the offensive stimulus.
  • Cells in the body that express the self-antigen are targeted for destruction, and once the function of these normal cells is compromised, symptoms of the autoimmune disease become evident. Since the pathogenesis of many diseases can be traced to a dysfunction in intercellular signaling, compounds which modulate the signal pathway can have utility in the treatment of a variety of such diseases.
  • Pheromones are a class of chemicals that are communicative between animals of the same species and elicit stereotypical behavior and endocrine responses. Although there is a wide variety and a large number of pheromone chemical structures, a single pheromone molecule has been shown to have biological effects in non- associated species such as a species of insects and elephants. Some chemical similarities exist between pheromones at different species.
  • invertebrate pheromone in the context of the present invention should be understood as encompassing any chemical compound isolated from any invertebrate species which is produced and discharged from glands and external ducts and functions by influencing other members of the same species in one of the ways known in the art, and which possesses mitogen-activating protein (MAP) kinase modulation activity.
  • MAP mitogen-activating protein
  • insects one of the predominant species of insects being Lepidoptera.
  • pheromone or "pheromone compound” encompasses the natural pheromones as well as synthetic compounds which display a similar MAP kinase modulating activity. Such synthetic compounds include various derivatives of the natural pheromones, as well as analogs thereof.
  • the pheromone communication system involves the release of specific chemicals from a pheromone producer (emitter), the transmission of these chemicals in the environment to a receiver, and the processing of the signals to mediate the appropriate behavioral responses in the receiver.
  • Some pheromone compounds are believed to activate the vomeronasal organ (VNO) which resides interior to the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) in a blind-ended pouch within the septum of the nose.
  • VNO vomeronasal organ
  • MOE main olfactory epithelium
  • VNO and MOE neuroepithelial dendrites terminate in specialized cilia containing specific receptors that bind odorants. This binding initiates a cascade of enzymatic reactions that results in the production of messengers and the eventual depolarization of the cell membrane.
  • MAP kinase pathway inhibitors have been described as effective in treating cancer and other proliferative diseases such as psoriasis and restenosis as disclosed in A.J. Bridges et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,525,625.
  • MAP kinase pathway inhibitors have also been described as being effective in abolishing resistance to myocardial infarction induced by heat stress in M. Joyeux et al., Cardiovasc. Drugs Then, Vol. 14/3, pp. 337-343 (June, 2000). It is also known that MAP kinase pathway activators can desirably affect wound healing and tissue repair.
  • the present invention is generally directed to the discovery that certain pheromone compounds possess mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase modulating activity.
  • MAP mitogen-activated protein
  • a screening method for identifying compounds having MAP kinase modulating activity from a library of pheromone compounds from a library of pheromone compounds.
  • pharmaceutical compositions containing as an active agent at least one MAP kinase modulator Such composition have potential for use in the treatment of a variety of diseases, conditions, and symptoms thereof.
  • a method of screening compounds to obtain those having mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase modulating activity comprising the steps of: a) providing a biological model for screening of compounds having MAP kinase modulating activity, the model being predictive for MAP kinase modulating activity; b) testing a group of invertebrate-derived non-peptide, non-steroid pheromone compounds in the biological model to determine the presence of MAP kinase modulating activity; and c) selecting at least one of the pheromone compounds possessing MAP kinase modulating activity in the model to obtain at least one selected pheromone compound.
  • MAP mitogen-activated protein
  • a method of selecting compounds having MAP kinase modulating activity comprising the steps of: a) providing data relating to the three-dimensional (3D) structure of at least one pharmacophore of a compound known to possess MAP kinase modulating activity; b) providing a library of compounds, the library comprising at least one pheromone compound selected from invertebrate-derived, non-peptide, and non-steroid pheromones; and c) analyzing the 3D structure of one or more compounds of the library and selecting a compound having a domain with a 3D structure at least substantially similar to the 3D structure of the pharmacophore.
  • the above selection method further comprises the step of testing a selected compound in a relevant biological model which is predictive of the desired MAP kinase modulating activity.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of at least one invertebrate derived, non- peptide, non-steroid pheromone compound or derivative thereof having mitogen- activated protein kinase modulating activity in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Methods of using the compositions to modulate mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways is also encompassed by the present invention.
  • pheromone compounds possess MAP kinase modulating activity and that such pheromone compounds are a source of pharmaceutical agents which may be used for preventing and/or treating diseases, conditions or symptoms thereof.
  • Compounds of the present invention having potential pharmaceutical activity may be selected first on their ability to modulate MAP kinase activity in the associated signal transduction pathway.
  • target compounds may be screened from a library of pheromone compounds to provide compounds having the desired pharmaceutical uses which involve MAP kinase activity.
  • Modulating activity is defined herein as activity which either activates, inhibits or otherwise varies the action of MAP kinase and/or the corresponding enzyme cascade along the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.
  • the selection of compounds which either increases or slows the action of MAP kinase and/or corresponding enzyme cascade along the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway may be carried out using known assays in the art. Alternatively, it may also be possible, in accordance with the present invention, to separately screen compounds which increases or activates the MAP kinase activity in the associated signal transduction pathway, and to separately screen compounds which cause a slowing or inhibiting effect on the MAP kinase activity using a separate assay.
  • compounds of the present invention may be selected directly which are useful in indications known to involve MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.
  • Activators as used herein include pheromone compounds which increase or activate MAP kinase activity and/or a corresponding enzyme cascade of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.
  • Inhibitors as used herein include pheromone compounds which slow or inhibit MAP kinase activity and/or the corresponding enzyme cascade of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.
  • therapeutic activity is defined herein as any activity of a compound on specific target cells, tissue or organ, or activity which achieves a specific effect within a body including prevention and/or treatment of a disease, condition or symptom thereof, associated with or related to MAP kinase signal transduction pathway in warmblooded animals including humans.
  • therapeutic activity is further defined as any activity which is manifested in relatively low levels or concentration of the active compound, which is a concentration which gives rise to a biological effect within the body, not through a general systemic effect, but rather through a specific effect on specific targets within the body especially those responsive to modulation of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.
  • the selection may be carried out using one or more assays known in the art.
  • a biological model suitable for screening pheromone compounds for MAP kinase modulation activity may be based on a model which is known and acceptable in the literature for screening of such compounds to select those which have the desired activity.
  • the acceptable models are in vitro models, e.g. models involving testing of the effect of the compound on a cell or tissue culture.
  • a relevant model having a predictive value is an in vivo model involving laboratory animals, which may include rodents such as rats, mice or rabbits; xenograft models, e.g.
  • the relevant model may at times be a combination of in vitro and in vivo models, or a combination of several in vitro and/or several in vivo models.
  • the relevant model may also be a model of non-living material such as a model of isolated membranes, a variety of biochemical assays, and the like.
  • pheromone compounds with MAP kinase modulating activity are identified using Rat1 cells grown in cell culture dishes. Samples of the pheromone compound are added to respective cell culture dishes containing the Rat1 cells and incubated. A control group is established by treating a separate group of cell culture dishes containing Rat1 cells with the same solutions absent the pheromone compound. After incubation, the Rat1 cells are stimulated with epidermal growth factor to stimulate MAP kinase activation in the Rat1 cells. Upon completion of the incubation period, the Rat1 cells in each of the culture dishes are separately processed to obtain the corresponding cell extract containing proteins indicative of active kinase.
  • the proteins are then separated using known electrophoresis techniques and prepared as a blot for the detection and measurement of active MAP kinase.
  • the resulting blot is analyzed using densitometric techniques to measure the corresponding activity of the tested pheromone compound.
  • the results obtained are compared to the results obtained for the control to measure modulation of the active MAP kinase initially induced by EGF.
  • a pheromone compound having the desired MAP kinase modulating activity may be selected on the basis of its three dimensional (3D) molecular structure.
  • the term "pharmacophore” is used herein as the structural domain of a compound which is associated with or related to a desired pharmaceutical or biochemical activity. In this manner, the structure of compound having a known pharmaceutical activity may be used as a structural template for efficiently selecting compounds having potentially similar pharmaceutical activity. Once the compounds are selected based on their molecular structure, the selected compounds are tested in the relevant biological model as described above, to determine the presence of the desired pharmaceutical activity.
  • MAP kinase activators include cis-7-tetradecenal, cis-7-tetradecenol, cis-7-dodecenyl ester, heneicosene-11-one, cis-6-heneicosene-11-one, cis-4-tridecenyl ester, cis-4-tridecen-1- yl ester, 2-heptanone, cis-7-tetradecenyl ester, trans-5-decenyl ester, cis-2-methyl-7- octadecene, cis-9-heneicosene, trans-2,cis-13-octadecadienal, 14-methyl-cis-8- hexadecenal, 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol, trans-10-dodecen
  • mitogen- activated protein kinase inhibitors namely, trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl ester and trans-3,cis-8-tetradecadienyl ester.
  • the ester of the above-identified compounds may be any ester, preferably an acetate.
  • non-peptide, non-steroid invertebrate-derived pheromones of the invention may be isolated from an invertebrate by any one of the methods known in the art.
  • the pheromone compound of the present invention may also be chemically synthesized such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,728,376 incorporated herein by reference.
  • Many of the invertebrate pheromone compounds including insect- derived pheromone compounds may be synthesized through the fatty acid synthesis pathway.
  • the invertebrate-derived pheromone compounds of the present invention have a molecular weight typically less than about 500 Daltons, and more typically less than about 300 Daltons.
  • the pheromone compound comprises a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain of variable length (typically having a length of from about 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 7 carbon atoms to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 9 carbon atoms to 21 carbon atoms).
  • the hydrocarbon chain may comprise one or more double or triple bonds which may be located at any position in the chain, the double bonds being in the cis or trans configuration.
  • the side chains in a branched main hydrocarbon chain may include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and/or alkynyl groups, each side chain comprising from one to five carbon atoms.
  • the main hydrocarbon chain may also comprise or be linked to a cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group having from about 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
  • the main hydrocarbon chain may be substituted at any location of the chain by one or more functional groups including, for example, a hydroxyl, a ketone, an aldehyde, an epoxy group, a carboxylic acid, an ester, a heterocyclic group, and an aromatic group.
  • a functional group including, for example, a hydroxyl, a ketone, an aldehyde, an epoxy group, a carboxylic acid, an ester, a heterocyclic group, and an aromatic group.
  • the hydrocarbon chain of the pheromone compound may also comprise one or more additional groups which may, for example, be selected from ketones, halides (such as for example, F, Cl, Br, I), acetate esters, amines, thiols, thioesters, short chain alkyls (such as for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl). All of the above modifications may be carried out by known techniques utilized by one of ordinary skill in the art. In accordance with the invention compounds which comprise modified functional groups in which, for example, an oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom, may also be used and fall within the meaning of the term "pheromone compound" as used herein.
  • a hydroxyl may be replaced by a thiol, an ester or a thioester.
  • Another example of a modification may be the replacement of a hydrogen atom by a halogen atom, such as, for example, a bromine atom. All of the above modifications may be carried out by known techniques utilized by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • derivatives or analogs of the invertebrate pheromone compound may also be used if they substantially maintain the MAP kinase modulating activity of the parent pheromone compound.
  • the activity includes the desirable preventive or therapeutic activity of the pheromone compounds observed to modulate MAP kinase activity along the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.
  • a "derivative or analog" of a pheromone compound as used herein includes any compound having the basic structure of the invertebrate pheromone in which one or more functional groups are modified, but which substantially maintains the desired activity of the unmodified pheromone.
  • Such derivative or analog may include geometric isomers of the corresponding pheromone compound having the same or similar level of MAP kinase modulating activity.
  • a derivative or analog which "substantially maintains" the activity of the unmodified pheromone includes those displaying MAP kinase modulating activity of a magnitude of at least 30%, preferably at least 50% of the activity of the unmodified pheromone.
  • a derivative or analog of the pheromone compound may be regarded as substantially maintaining the MAP kinase modulating activity, if it achieves a similar preventive or therapeutic effect at a non-toxic concentration.
  • the invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for administration to a warm-blooded animal including humans, comprising as an active agent an effective amount of a pheromone compound as defined herein having a desired therapeutic activity associated with the modulation of MAP kinase activity, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • an effective amount includes an amount of the active pheromone compound which provides a desirable preventive or therapeutic effect in a warm-blooded animal including human afflicted with a disease, condition or symptom related to MAP kinase activity in the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. It will be understood that the effective amount will depend on various factors such as, for example, the nature of the indication for which the agent is used, characteristics of the treated warm-blooded animal, and mode of administration and the like, and will be routinely determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the effective amount of the pheromone compound will typically be in the range of from about 0.001 to 200 mg/kg/day, preferably from about 0.01 to 20 mg/kg/day.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one pheromone compound having MAP kinase modulating activity may be formulated, for example, by employing conventional solid or liquid vehicles or diluents, as well as pharmaceutical additives of a type appropriate to the mode of desired administration (for example, excipients, binders, preservatives, stabilizers, flavors, etc.) according to techniques such as those known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation.
  • the present invention further provides a method of treating warm-blooded animals including humans afflicted with a disease, condition, or symptoms which may benefit from modulation of MAP kinase activity comprising administering to the warmblooded animal an effective amount of a pheromone compound being selected from one or more suitable screening methods disclosed herein and those that may be known in the art.
  • the pheromone compound may be administered to a warm-blooded animal including humans by one of a variety of administration modes, including, but not limited to oral, intravenous, intramuscular, transdermal, subcutaneous, topical, sublingual, rectal means, by nasal application, and the like.
  • the pheromone compound may be a volatile substance and thus has the advantage of being administered by inhalation, resulting, in many cases in a very rapid response to the active agent with relatively little, if any, side effects.
  • the pheromone compound of the present invention When the pheromone compound of the present invention is administered orally, it may be administered in the form of a tablet, a pill, a capsule (e.g. a gelatin capsule), a powder or a pellet. Where a liquid carrier is used, the oral preparation may be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, or soft gelatin capsule. Nasal administration may be by nasal insufflation or as an aerosol, and internal administration such as rectal administration may be, for example, by use of a suppository. For topical administration the pheromone compounds may be, for example, in the form of creams, ointments, lotions, solutions, gels or transdermal patches.
  • the pheromone compounds of the invention may typically be administered with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which does not interfere with the efficacy of the active pheromone compound.
  • the carrier may be selected from a large number of carriers known in the art and the nature of the carrier will depend on the intended form of administration and indication for which the active agent is used.
  • Tablets, pills and capsules containing the pheromone compounds of the invention may also include conventional excipients such as lactose, starch, and magnesium stearate. Suppositories may include excipients such as waxes and glycerol.
  • Injectable solutions may comprise saline, buffering agents, dextrose, water glycerol, ethanol and solvents such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and ethanol.
  • Such solutions may also comprise stabilizing agents and preservatives which are typically antimicrobial agents (such as chlorbutol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid, phenol, and the like) and antioxidants (such as butylated hydroxy toluene, propyl gallate, sulfites, and the like).
  • stabilizing agents and preservatives which are typically antimicrobial agents (such as chlorbutol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid, phenol, and the like) and antioxidants (such as butylated hydroxy toluene, propyl gallate, sulfites, and the like).
  • Enteric coatings, flavorings, and dyes and colorants may also be used.
  • the pheromone compounds of the invention may be incorporated within a liposome prepared by any of the methods known in the art.
  • the pheromone compounds may be encapsulated in inert polymerized particles such as, for example, nano particles, microspheres, microparticles, and the like known in the art.
  • the pheromone compounds of the invention may comprise a single active agent or alternatively two or more such active agents which may exert an enhanced effect.
  • the pheromone compounds may be administered separately or, alternatively, in combination with various other treatments administered to the patient for the same or different disease, condition, or symptom thereof.
  • Rat 1 cells were grown in 6 cm cell culture dishes in a tissue culture incubator at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% carbon dioxide. The cells were serum-starved for 16 hours. A solution containing from about 5 to 500 ng/ml of a pheromone compound which may be a MAP kinase activator, inhibitor, or a compound which exhibits no MAP kinase modulation activity, was added to the cell culture dishes and allowed to stand for about 15 minutes. A control group was established by adding to the remaining cell culture dishes the same solution absent the pheromone compound. After the 15 minute period, the Rat1 cells were stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) (50 ng/ml) for about 15 minutes for one group and 30 minutes for a second group.
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • Rat1 cells were then treated to remove the corresponding incubation medium and then the cells were rinsed twice each with 5 ml of cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and once with 5 ml of cold homogenizing buffer (Buffer H) containing 50 m M o f ⁇ - g I y c e r o p h o s p h a t e , ( p H 7 . 3 ) , 1 .
  • PBS cold phosphate buffered saline
  • Buffer H cold homogenizing buffer
  • the cells were harvested and lysed with 350 ⁇ l of cold Buffer H.
  • the cells may be harvested and lysed with radioimmunoprotein assay buffer (RIPA buffer).
  • RIPA buffer radioimmunoprotein assay buffer
  • Each extract was then centrifuged at 15,000 x g for 15 minutes at 4°C.
  • the resulting supernatants contained the protein extracts to be examined and were transferred to fresh, pre-cooled test tubes and kept on ice.
  • the proteins were then separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred, by western blotting, onto a nitrocellulose membrane.
  • SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • the blot produced above was blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Tris-buffered saline/Tween-20 (TBST) for 1 hour.
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • TST Tris-buffered saline/Tween-20
  • the blot was then incubated with a monoclonal anti-active MAP kinase antibody obtained from Sigma, and diluted according to the manufacturer recommendations.
  • the blot was incubated overnight at 4°C.
  • the blot may also be incubated for about 30 minutes at 37°C, or from one to two hours at room temperature.
  • the treated blot was placed in a flat container and washed at least 3 times for 15 minutes each with TBST buffer at room temperature. The blot was then incubated with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG obtained from Jackson Laboratories, diluted according to the manufacturer recommendations in TBST buffer for 45 minutes at room temperature. The blot was then subjected to a second washing, repeated 3 times, for 10 minutes each with TBST. An alkaline phosphatase (AP) detection technique was utilized to detect and measure the presence of active MAP kinase. Enhanced MAP kinase activity as compared to control is evidence that the compound is a MAP kinase activator.
  • AP alkaline phosphatase
  • Rat 1 cells grown in a series of cell culture dishes were prepared in the same manner described above in Example 1. The cells were serum-starved for 16 hours. Three groups of cell culture dishes containing Rat 1 cells were each preincubated for about 30 minutes with solution containing the pheromone compound, trans-3,cis-7- tetradecadienyl-acetate at a concentration of 10 " M, with a solution containing the pheromone compound, trans-3,cis-8-tetradecadienyl-acetate at a concentration of 10 "4 M, or a control solution absent any pheromone compound.
  • Rat1 cells were stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) (25 ng/ml) for about 15 minutes for one group and 30 minutes for a second group.
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • the Rat1 cells were then washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and lysed with RIPA buffer.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • the proteins were then separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and probed with anti-active-MAPK antibodies.
  • SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • Rat 1 cells were grown in 6 cm cell culture dishes in a tissue culture incubator at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% carbon dioxide. The Rat1 cells were serum- starved for 16 hours. Three groups of the Rat1 cells were then treated for 15 minutes with either epidermal growth factor (EGF) (50 ng/ml),12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA) (100nM), or with one of the pheromone compounds at one of two concentrations identified in Table 2 below. EGF and TPA are compounds which are known to activate MAP kinase and therefore serve as a basis of comparing the relative activity of the pheromone compounds.
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • TPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate
  • the cells were then washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and lysed with radioimmunoprotein assay (RIPA) buffer.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • RIPA radioimmunoprotein assay
  • the proteins were then separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane and probed with anti-MAPK antibodies to produce a blot.
  • SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • the MAP kinase activity for the EGF- treated cells, the TPA-treated cells and the pheromone compound-treated cells was analyzed and calculated using densitometric analysis.
  • Table 2 The results shown in Table 2 are presented as percent of EGF-stimulated active MAP kinase levels or TPA-stimulated active MAP kinase levels, respectively. For example, at a concentration of 1x10-4 M, cis-7-tetradecenal, showed an MAP kinase activation that was 7% of the MAP kinase activation detected in rat cells stimulated by EGF.
  • beta-HPCD beta-hydroxypropylcyclodextrin
  • hexadecanol 50 mg was melted with 950 mg of Tween-80 in a water bath. The composition was then allowed to cool. Upon cooling, the gel-like composition was dissolved and an amount of a pheromone compound (e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate) of the present invention was dissolved into 99 ml of warm purified water. A transparent micellar solution was thus formed suitable for parenteral administration.
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • a microemulsion composition was prepared by mixing 1800 mg of Tween-80, a non-ionic surfactant with 1500 mg of medium chain triglycerides oil (CRODAMOLTM TGCC). 100 mg of a pheromone compound (e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate) of the present invention was dissolved into the surfactant-oil mixture under slight heating at 45-50°C. Optionally, 200 mg of a cosolvent such as enthoxydiglycol (TRANSCUTOLTM, Gattefosse, France) may be added for improved stability. The resulting solution was filtered through a 0.22 micron membrane filter for sterility and the resulting solution was suitable for parenteral injection.
  • a cosolvent such as enthoxydiglycol (TRANSCUTOLTM, Gattefosse, France
  • a microemulsion composition was prepared by mixing 3600 mg of Tween-80, a non-ionic surfactant with 2700 mg of medium chain triglycerides oil (CRODAMOLTM TGCC). 100 mg of a pheromone compound (e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate) of the present invention was dissolved into the surfactant-oil mixture under slight heating at 45-50°C. Upon cooling, 300 mg glycol laurate (LABRASOLTM) was added to the final solution and mixed thoroughly until dissolved. The solution was then filtered through a 0.22 micron membrane filter for sterility and the resulting solution was suitable for parenteral injection.
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • the resulting granulation was dried at 45°C and passed through a stainless steel sieve (#16 mesh).
  • the sieved granules were mixed with 0.1 g of magnesium stearate.
  • 900 mg of the final granulation was encapsulated in a size 00 hard gelatin capsule, providing 30 mg of the pheromone compound per capsule.
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7- tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • a suppository base comprising cacao butter (99.6%) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.4%).
  • the melted composition was mixed well with a spatula and then molded into four oval suppositoria using a suitable mold. Weighing 960 mg each, with suppositoria containing about 30 mg of the pheromone compound.
  • An ointment comprising 5% a pheromone compound (e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, or cis-7-tetradecenol, ortrans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate) of the present invention was prepared by mixing 500 mg of the pheromone compound with 7.5 g of white petrolatum, 0.5 g lanolin and 1.5 g of POLAWAXTM(Emulsifying wax NF grade, Croda). The resulting mixture was further mixed until cooling which resulted in an oleaginous ointment.
  • a water-in-oil emulsion cream containing 1% of a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, orcis-7-tetradecenol, ortrans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7-tetradecenal, orcis-7-tetradecenol, ortrans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • a water phase comprising 66 g of purified water, 2.5 g of glycerin and 0.5 g of phenoxyethanol was heated to 70°C, then slowly added to the lipid phase, and vigorously mixed while cooling. Upon cooling, a stable cream was obtained and packaged in an airtight container.
  • a clear gel preparation containing 0.5% of a pheromone compound (e.g. cis-7- tetradecenal, or cis-7-tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate) of the present invention was prepared by slowly adding 2.5 g of hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel HF) to 37.0 g of purified water. The solution was heated to 70°C. The heated solution was mixed while allowing the temperature to fall to room temperature resulting in a viscous gel as a water phase.
  • a pheromone compound e.g. cis-7- tetradecenal, or cis-7-tetradecenol, or trans-3,cis-7-tetradecadienyl acetate
  • 0.5 g of the pheromone compound of the present invention was dissolved in a mixture of 40 g ethoxydiglycol (TRANSCUTOLTM), 10 g of isopropyl myristate, and 10 g of PLURONICTM F-127 to form an organic phase.
  • the water and organic phases were combined and slowly mixed until a uniform composition was obtained. After degassing for 24 hours, a smooth clear gel was formed.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une méthode destinée à cribler des composés phéromonaux ayant une activité modulant une protéine kinase activée par un mitogène (MAP). L'invention se rapporte également à une méthode d'utilisation des composés criblés dans des compositions adaptées à la prévention de maladies, états et symptômes dans lesquels une modulation de la MAP kinase serait bénéfique.
EP01916541A 2001-03-12 2001-03-12 Criblage de composes pheromonaux d'invertebres non-steroidiens et non-peptidiques ayant une activite modulant une proteine kinase activee par un mitogene Withdrawn EP1409656A4 (fr)

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FR2861745A1 (fr) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-06 Centre Nat Rech Scient Ligands du repressseur mycobacterien ethr, procedes de selection et applications

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WO1996022985A1 (fr) * 1995-01-24 1996-08-01 Warner-Lambert Company 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4h-[1]benzopyranne pour le traitement de troubles proliferatifs
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WO2002072809A1 (fr) 2002-09-19

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