EP1407208A1 - Shaft pre-heater - Google Patents

Shaft pre-heater

Info

Publication number
EP1407208A1
EP1407208A1 EP02764729A EP02764729A EP1407208A1 EP 1407208 A1 EP1407208 A1 EP 1407208A1 EP 02764729 A EP02764729 A EP 02764729A EP 02764729 A EP02764729 A EP 02764729A EP 1407208 A1 EP1407208 A1 EP 1407208A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shafts
layer height
shaft
limiting
shaft preheater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02764729A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1407208B1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Patzelt
Thomas Schmitz
Uwe Schuh
Wolfgang Schwab
Joachim Kudras
Heinz TÖLKE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Polysius AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polysius AG filed Critical Polysius AG
Publication of EP1407208A1 publication Critical patent/EP1407208A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1407208B1 publication Critical patent/EP1407208B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/005—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces wherein no smelting of the charge occurs, e.g. calcining or sintering furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/02—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
    • F27B1/04—Combinations or arrangements of shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2016—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D13/00—Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/42—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shaft preheater with several shafts for receiving lumpy material, a device for filling the individual shafts with the lumpy material to be preheated and means for limiting the layer height in the shafts.
  • rotary kilns are often used.
  • these rotary kilns are often preceded by shaft heaters.
  • Preheating and partial calcination of the lumpy material take place in the shaft preheater using the rotary kiln exhaust gases.
  • the ratio between the maximum and minimum piece size of the insert grain is limited to 1: 3.
  • a grain spectrum with 15 - 45 mm or 20 - 60 mm can be treated in the shaft preheater. In the quarry, however, there is usually a larger grain spectrum, so that the furnace system is operated according to campaigns.
  • a chimney preheater which consists of fuel chutes arranged polygonally around a gas inlet chute. Each firing hopper can have its own layer height control independent of the others.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving the shaft preheater in such a way that an improved adaptation of the layer height to the grain spectrum of the material to be preheated is made possible.
  • the shaft preheater according to the invention consists essentially of several shafts for receiving lumpy material, a device for filling the individual shafts with the lumpy to be preheated
  • the means to limit the layer height have a device for coarse adjustment and a device for fine adjustment of the layer height.
  • the device for fine adjustment of the layer height is formed by a needle slide, this can be actuated during operation of the shaft preheater in order to adjust the layer height.
  • separate means for limiting the layer height are provided in all shafts.
  • the means for limiting the layer height comprise a slide plate which can be inserted into the corresponding shaft in particular from above and whose lower edge serves to limit the layer height.
  • the shaft preheater has, in a manner known per se, means for introducing a hot gas flow into the shafts and means for discharging the hot gas flow conducted through the material layer in the individual shafts.
  • a measuring device for determining the pressure loss of the hot gas flow within a shaft is also provided, the means for limiting the layer height depending on the pressure loss being controllable.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged partial view of Fig.l in the region of a shaft.
  • the shaft preheater essentially consists of a pre-bunker 1, which is divided into several sectors la, lb, ..., each of which is connected below one of several shafts 2a, 2b, ....
  • the individual shafts are filled with the lumpy material 4 to be preheated via the pre-bunker by means of a device 3.
  • the pre-bunker 1 is divided symmetrically or asymmetrically into individual sectors.
  • the filling device 3 is formed, for example, by a rotating chute. If only two different grain spectra are to be treated, a symmetrical division of the pre-hopper 1 is appropriate.
  • the loading then takes place alternately via a changeover flap 3a.
  • the distribution in the pre-bunker 1 to the individual shafts 2a, 2b, ... takes place using the natural slope angle.
  • the preheating and, if necessary, partial calcination of the lumpy material takes place in the individual shafts 2a, 2b, ... which are arranged around a central axis 5 of the shaft preheater.
  • the number of individual shafts is in principle arbitrary, but it will usually be between six and twenty shafts.
  • the lumpy material 4 preheated in the shaft preheater reaches a rotary tube furnace 7 via an inlet housing 6.
  • discharge devices for example in the form of plungers, are provided in the lower region of the shafts.
  • the flue gases of the rotary kiln are drawn in countercurrent to the material 4 from bottom to top through the individual shafts 2a, 2b and thus through the material bed.
  • Suitable means are therefore provided in the lower region of the individual shafts in order to introduce the flue gases led out of the rotary kiln 7 via the inlet housing 6 into the individual shafts 2a, 2b.
  • the hot gas flow formed by the flue gas heats the lumpy material located in the shafts and is discharged via means 8 in the upper region of the shafts.
  • the means 8 are formed by suitable pipelines 8a, 8b, which open out in the upper region of the shafts 2a, 2b.
  • the layer height in the individual shafts Since different grain spectra have correspondingly different pressure losses and heat transfers, it is necessary to adapt the layer height in the individual shafts to the grain spectrum located in them.
  • at least individual, preferably all, shafts have means 9 for limiting the layer height, it being possible for the layer height to be set separately in these shafts.
  • the means 9 consist essentially of one Device 90 for rough adjustment and device 91 for fine adjustment of the layer height.
  • the means 90 for limiting the layer height are formed by a slide plate which can be inserted into the shaft 2b from above and whose lower edge 90a serves to limit the layer height.
  • the slide plate can be adjusted in the vertical direction by a mechanism, not shown.
  • the means 91 are formed by a needle slide which has a multiplicity of rods which are arranged offset in two rows from one another, as can be seen in particular from FIG.
  • Fig.2 also shows that the shaft 2b has a square cross section, in particular a square cross section.
  • the means 90, 91 for limiting the layer height are arranged in such a way that they delimit more than half, preferably about a third, of the shaft, the lumpy material 4 being supplied via this delimited area of the shaft.
  • the lumpy material thus only has the full cross section of the shaft 2a from the lower edge 90a of the slide plate or the lower edge 91a of the needle slide 91. From these lower edges, the lumpy material will be distributed according to its angle of repose.
  • reference numbers 4a, 4b and 4c show three embankment surfaces which can form at different positions of the layer height limiting means 9.
  • the slide plate 90 which is used for rough adjustment of the layer height, is determined and set by computer before the preheater is put into operation.
  • the needle slide 91 the rods of which are tapered at the lower end, can also be adjusted during operation, so that fine adjustment is possible in accordance with the pressure loss that is actually set. In this way it is possible to achieve even gas flow through the entire preheater even if different grain spectra and thus different layer heights have to be set in the individual shafts.
  • a measuring device for determining the pressure loss of the hot gas flow within the shaft is expediently assigned to each shaft.
  • the means 9 for limiting the layer height are then controlled as a function of the pressure loss.
  • the hot gas stream is then discharged via the discharge means 8.
  • the layer height limiting device 9 is designed so that the slide plates 90 can be dispensed with when the preheater is operated with the coarsest grain spectrum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaft pre-heater comprising several shafts for accommodating lumpy material, a device for filling the individual shafts with the lumpy material to be pre-heated, and means for delimiting the height of the layer in the shafts. The means for delimiting the height of the shaft comprises a device for rough adjustment and a device for fine adjustment.

Description

Schachtvorwärmer shaft preheater
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schachtvorwärmer mit mehreren Schächten zur Aufnahme von stückigem Material, einer Einrichtung zum Befüllen der einzelnen Schächte mit dem vorzuwärmenden, stückigen Material sowie Mitteln zum Begrenzen der Schichthöhe in den Schächten.The invention relates to a shaft preheater with several shafts for receiving lumpy material, a device for filling the individual shafts with the lumpy material to be preheated and means for limiting the layer height in the shafts.
Insbesondere bei der Calcination von grobstückigen Ma- terialien, wie z.B. Kalkstein, Dolomit oder Magnesit, mit einer Aufgabekorngröße zwischen 15 - 60 mm werden häufig Drehrohröfen eingesetzt. Zur Effizienzsteigerung sind diesen Drehrohröfen oft Schachtvorwärmer vorgeschaltet. Im Schachtvorwärmer findet unter Ausnutzung der Drehofenabgase eine Vorwärmung und Teilcalcination des stückigen Materials statt. Für einen effizienten Wärmeaustausch und zur Einhaltung eines wirtschaftlichen Druckverlustes muß eine gute Durchströmung der Ma- terialschüttung gegeben sein. Daher ist das Verhältnis zwischen maximaler und minimaler Stückgröße des Einsatzkorns auf 1 : 3 limitiert. So kann z.B. ein Kornspektrum mit 15 - 45 mm oder 20 - 60 mm im Schachtvorwärmer behandelt werden. Im Steinbruch fällt in der Regel jedoch ein größeres Kornspektrum an, so daß das Ofensystem entsprechend kampagnenweise betrieben wird.Especially when calculating coarse materials such as Limestone, dolomite or magnesite, with a feed grain size between 15 - 60 mm, rotary kilns are often used. To increase efficiency, these rotary kilns are often preceded by shaft heaters. Preheating and partial calcination of the lumpy material take place in the shaft preheater using the rotary kiln exhaust gases. To ensure efficient heat exchange and to maintain an economical pressure loss, there must be a good flow through the material bed. Therefore, the ratio between the maximum and minimum piece size of the insert grain is limited to 1: 3. For example, a grain spectrum with 15 - 45 mm or 20 - 60 mm can be treated in the shaft preheater. In the quarry, however, there is usually a larger grain spectrum, so that the furnace system is operated according to campaigns.
Zur Gewährleistung einer guten Durchströmung der Mate- rialschüttung ist es erforderlich, die Schichthöhe an das Kornspektrum des vorzuwärmenden Materials anzupas- sen. So ermöglicht ein gröberes Kornspektrum eine größere Schichthöhe als ein kleineres Kornspektrum des vorzuwärmenden Materials. Zur Verarbeitung unterschiedlicher Kornspektren ist es daher bekannt, Mittel zum Begrenzen der Schichthöhe in den Schächten vorzusehen. Aus der Praxis ist es beispielsweise bekannt, die Decke aller Schächte in der Höhe zu verstellen, um dadurch die Schichthöhe zu begrenzen.In order to ensure a good flow through the material bed, it is necessary to adapt the layer height to the grain spectrum of the material to be preheated. A coarser grain spectrum enables a greater layer height than a smaller grain spectrum of the material to be preheated. For processing different grain spectra, it is therefore known to provide means for limiting the layer height in the shafts. It is known in practice, for example, to adjust the height of the cover of all shafts in order to limit the layer height.
Diese bekannten Mittel zum Begrenzen der Schichthöhe sind jedoch sehr aufwendig und außerdem kann immer nur ein Kornspektrum im Schachtvorwärmer verarbeitet werden.However, these known means for limiting the layer height are very complex and, moreover, only one grain spectrum can be processed in the shaft preheater.
Aus der DE-B-27 48 670 ist ein Schachtvorwärmer bekannt, der aus polygonal um einen Gaseintrittsschacht herum angeordneten Brenngutschachten besteht. Jeder BrenngutSchacht kann unabhängig von den übrigen eine eigene Schichthöhenregelung aufweisen.From DE-B-27 48 670 a chimney preheater is known which consists of fuel chutes arranged polygonally around a gas inlet chute. Each firing hopper can have its own layer height control independent of the others.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Schachtvorwärmer dahingehend zu verbessern, daß eine verbesserte Anpassung der Schichthöhe an das Kornspektrum des vorzuwärmenden Materials ermöglicht wird.The invention is based on the object of improving the shaft preheater in such a way that an improved adaptation of the layer height to the grain spectrum of the material to be preheated is made possible.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
Der erfindungsgemäße Schachtvorwärmer besteht im wesentlichen aus mehreren Schächten zur Aufnahme von stückigem Material, einer Einrichtung zum Befüllen der einzelnen Schächte mit dem vorzuwärmenden, stückigenThe shaft preheater according to the invention consists essentially of several shafts for receiving lumpy material, a device for filling the individual shafts with the lumpy to be preheated
Material sowie Mitteln zum Begrenzen der Schichthöhe in den Schächten, wobei die Mittel derart ausgebildet sind, daß zumindest in einigen Schächten eine separate Einstellung der Schichthöhe vorgesehen ist. Die Mittel zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe weisen eine Einrichtung zur Grobeinstellung und eine Einrichtung zur Feineinstellung der Schichthöhe auf.Material and means for limiting the layer height in the shafts, the means being designed such that a separate adjustment of the layer height is provided in at least some shafts. The means To limit the layer height have a device for coarse adjustment and a device for fine adjustment of the layer height.
Wird die Einrichtung zur Feineinstellung der Schichthöhe durch einen Nadelschieber gebildet, kann dieser während des Betriebes des Schachtvorwärmers betätigt werden, um die Schichthöhe anzupassen.If the device for fine adjustment of the layer height is formed by a needle slide, this can be actuated during operation of the shaft preheater in order to adjust the layer height.
In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel sind in allen Schächten separate Mittel zum Begrenzen der Schichthöhe vorgesehen.In a preferred embodiment, separate means for limiting the layer height are provided in all shafts.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel umfassen die Mittel zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe eine Schieberplatte, die insbesondere von oben in den entsprechenden Schacht einführbar ist und deren Unterkante zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe dient .According to one exemplary embodiment, the means for limiting the layer height comprise a slide plate which can be inserted into the corresponding shaft in particular from above and whose lower edge serves to limit the layer height.
Der Schachtvorwärmer weist in an sich bekannter Art und Weise Mittel zum Einleiten eines Heißgasstromes in die Schächte sowie Mittel zum Ableiten des durch die Materialschicht in den einzelnen Schächten geleiteten Heißgasstromes auf. In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist zudem eine Meßeinrichtung zur Ermittlung des Druckverlustes des Heißgasstroms innerhalb eines Schachtes vorgesehen, wobei die Mittel zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe in Abhängigkeit des Druckverlustes ansteuerbar sind.The shaft preheater has, in a manner known per se, means for introducing a hot gas flow into the shafts and means for discharging the hot gas flow conducted through the material layer in the individual shafts. In a special embodiment of the invention, a measuring device for determining the pressure loss of the hot gas flow within a shaft is also provided, the means for limiting the layer height depending on the pressure loss being controllable.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispieles und der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigenFurther advantages and refinements of the invention are explained in more detail on the basis of the following description of an exemplary embodiment and the drawing. Show in the drawing
Fig.l eine schematische Längsschnittdarstellung des Schachtvorwärmers,1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the shaft preheater,
Fig.2 eine Schnittdarstellung längs der Linie2 shows a sectional view along the line
II-II der Fig.l undII-II of Fig.l and
Fig.3 eine vergrößerte Teilansicht der Fig.l im Bereich eines Schachtes.3 shows an enlarged partial view of Fig.l in the region of a shaft.
Der Schachtvorwärmer besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Vorbunker 1, der in mehrere Sektoren la, lb, ... aufgeteilt ist, die sich jeweils unterhalb eines von mehre- ren Schächten 2a, 2b, ... anschließt.The shaft preheater essentially consists of a pre-bunker 1, which is divided into several sectors la, lb, ..., each of which is connected below one of several shafts 2a, 2b, ....
Die einzelnen Schächte werden über den Vorbunker mittels einer Einrichtung 3 mit dem vorzuwärmenden, stückigen Material 4 befüllt.The individual shafts are filled with the lumpy material 4 to be preheated via the pre-bunker by means of a device 3.
Der Vorbunker 1 ist je nach Anzahl der auftretenden Kornspektren symmetrisch oder asymmetrisch in einzelne Sektoren unterteilt. Bei einer asymmetrischen Aufteilung wird die Befülleinrichtung 3 beispielsweise durch eine Drehschurre gebildet. Sind nur zwei unterschiedliche Kornspektren zu behandeln, so bietet sich eine symmetrische Aufteilung des Vorbunkers 1 an. Die Beschickung erfolgt dann wechselweise über eine Umstellklappe 3a. Die Verteilung im Vorbunker 1 zu den einzelnen Schächten 2a, 2b, ... erfolgt unter Ausnutzung des natürlichen Böschungswinkels.Depending on the number of grain spectra occurring, the pre-bunker 1 is divided symmetrically or asymmetrically into individual sectors. In the case of an asymmetrical division, the filling device 3 is formed, for example, by a rotating chute. If only two different grain spectra are to be treated, a symmetrical division of the pre-hopper 1 is appropriate. The loading then takes place alternately via a changeover flap 3a. The distribution in the pre-bunker 1 to the individual shafts 2a, 2b, ... takes place using the natural slope angle.
Die Vorwärmung und ggf. Teilcalcination des stückigen Materials erfolgt in den einzelnen Schächten 2a, 2b, ... , die um eine Mittelachse 5 des Schachtvorwärmers angeordnet sind. Die Anzahl der einzelnen Schächte ist im Prinzip beliebig, sie wird jedoch üblicherweise zwischen sechs und zwanzig Schächten liegen. Das im Schachtvorwärmer vorgewärmte stückige Material 4 gelangt über ein Einlaufgehäuse 6 in einen Drehrohrofen 7. Zu diesem Zweck sind im unteren Bereich der Schächte Austragseinrichtungen, beispielsweise in Form von Stößeln, vorgesehen. Die Rauchgase des Drehrohrofens wer- den im Gegenstrom zum Material 4 von unten nach oben durch die einzelnen Schächte 2a, 2b und damit durch die Materialschüttung gezogen. Im unteren Bereich der einzelnen Schächte sind daher geeignete Mittel vorgesehen, um die aus dem Drehrohrofen 7 über das Einlaufgehäuse 6 herausgeführten Rauchgase in die einzelnen Schächte 2a, 2b einzuleiten. Der durch das Rauchgas gebildete Heißgasstrom erwärmt das in den Schächten befindliche stückige Material und wird im oberen Bereich der Schächte über Mittel 8 abgeleitet. Die Mittel 8 werden durch ge- eignete Rohrleitungen 8a, 8b gebildet, die im oberen Bereich der Schächte 2a, 2b münden.The preheating and, if necessary, partial calcination of the lumpy material takes place in the individual shafts 2a, 2b, ... which are arranged around a central axis 5 of the shaft preheater. The number of individual shafts is in principle arbitrary, but it will usually be between six and twenty shafts. The lumpy material 4 preheated in the shaft preheater reaches a rotary tube furnace 7 via an inlet housing 6. For this purpose discharge devices, for example in the form of plungers, are provided in the lower region of the shafts. The flue gases of the rotary kiln are drawn in countercurrent to the material 4 from bottom to top through the individual shafts 2a, 2b and thus through the material bed. Suitable means are therefore provided in the lower region of the individual shafts in order to introduce the flue gases led out of the rotary kiln 7 via the inlet housing 6 into the individual shafts 2a, 2b. The hot gas flow formed by the flue gas heats the lumpy material located in the shafts and is discharged via means 8 in the upper region of the shafts. The means 8 are formed by suitable pipelines 8a, 8b, which open out in the upper region of the shafts 2a, 2b.
Da unterschiedliche Kornspektren entsprechend unterschiedliche Druckverluste und Wärmeübergänge aufweisen, ist es erforderlich, die Schichthöhe in den einzelnen Schächten an das in diesen befindliche Kornspektrum anzupassen. Zu diesem Zweck weisen zumindest einzelne, vorzugsweise alle Schächte Mittel 9 zum Begrenzen der Schichthöhe auf, wobei eine separate Einstellung der Schichthöhe in diesen Schächten möglich ist.Since different grain spectra have correspondingly different pressure losses and heat transfers, it is necessary to adapt the layer height in the individual shafts to the grain spectrum located in them. For this purpose, at least individual, preferably all, shafts have means 9 for limiting the layer height, it being possible for the layer height to be set separately in these shafts.
Fig.3 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Schachtes 2b im Bereich der Mittel 9 zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe. Die Mittel 9 bestehen im wesentlichen aus einer Einrichtung 90 zur Grobeinstellung und einer Einrichtung 91 zur Feineinstellung der Schichthöhe. Die Mittel 90 zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe werden im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine Schieberplatte gebildet, die von oben in den Schacht 2b einführbar ist und deren Unterkante 90a zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe dient. Die Schieberplatte kann durch einen nicht näher dargestellten Mechanismus in vertikaler Richtung verstellt werden.3 shows an enlarged view of the shaft 2b in the area of the means 9 for limiting the layer height. The means 9 consist essentially of one Device 90 for rough adjustment and device 91 for fine adjustment of the layer height. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the means 90 for limiting the layer height are formed by a slide plate which can be inserted into the shaft 2b from above and whose lower edge 90a serves to limit the layer height. The slide plate can be adjusted in the vertical direction by a mechanism, not shown.
Die Mittel 91 werden im dargestellten Ausführungsbei- spiel durch einen Nadelschieber gebildet, der eine Vielzahl von Stangen aufweist, die in zwei Reihen versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind, wie das insbesondere aus Fig.2 zu ersehen ist.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the means 91 are formed by a needle slide which has a multiplicity of rods which are arranged offset in two rows from one another, as can be seen in particular from FIG.
Fig.2 läßt auch erkennen, daß der Schacht 2b einen viereckigen Querschnitt, insbesondere einen quadratischen Querschnitt aufweist. Die Mittel 90, 91 zur Be- grenzung der Schichthöhe sind so angeordnet, daß sie mehr als die Hälfte, vorzugsweise etwa ein Drittel des Schachtes abgrenzen, wobei das stückige Material 4 über diesen abgegrenzten Bereich des Schachtes zugeführt wird. Das stückige Material hat somit den vollen Quer- schnitt des Schachtes 2a erst ab der Unterkante 90a der Schieberplatte oder der Unterkante 91a des Nadelschiebers 91 zur Verfügung. Ab diesen Unterkanten wird sich das stückige Material entsprechend seinem Böschungswinkel verteilen. Im Schacht 2a der Fig.l sind mit den Be- zugszeichen 4a, 4b und 4c drei Böschungsflächen eingezeichnet, die sich bei verschiedenen Stellungen der Schichthöhen-Begrenzungsmittel 9 ausbilden können. Die Schieberplatte 90, die zur Grobeinstellung der Schichthöhe dient, wird vor Betriebnahme des Vorwärmers rechnerisch ermittelt und eingestellt. Der Nadelschieber 91, dessen Stangen am unteren Ende zugespitzt sind, läßt sich auch während des Betriebes verstellen, so daß eine Feineinstellung entsprechend dem sich tatsächlich einstellenden Druckverlust möglich ist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, eine gleichmäßige Durchgasung über den gesammten Vorwärmer auch dann zu erreichen, wenn ver- schiedene Kornspektren und damit unterschiedliche Schichthöhen in den einzelnen Schächten eingestellt werden müssen.Fig.2 also shows that the shaft 2b has a square cross section, in particular a square cross section. The means 90, 91 for limiting the layer height are arranged in such a way that they delimit more than half, preferably about a third, of the shaft, the lumpy material 4 being supplied via this delimited area of the shaft. The lumpy material thus only has the full cross section of the shaft 2a from the lower edge 90a of the slide plate or the lower edge 91a of the needle slide 91. From these lower edges, the lumpy material will be distributed according to its angle of repose. In the shaft 2a of FIG. 1, reference numbers 4a, 4b and 4c show three embankment surfaces which can form at different positions of the layer height limiting means 9. The slide plate 90, which is used for rough adjustment of the layer height, is determined and set by computer before the preheater is put into operation. The needle slide 91, the rods of which are tapered at the lower end, can also be adjusted during operation, so that fine adjustment is possible in accordance with the pressure loss that is actually set. In this way it is possible to achieve even gas flow through the entire preheater even if different grain spectra and thus different layer heights have to be set in the individual shafts.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird jedem Schacht eine Meßeinrich- tung zur Ermittlung des Druckverlustes des Heißgasstromes innerhalb des Schachtes zugeordnet . Die Mittel 9 zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe werden dann in Abhängigkeit des Druckverlustes angesteuert .A measuring device for determining the pressure loss of the hot gas flow within the shaft is expediently assigned to each shaft. The means 9 for limiting the layer height are then controlled as a function of the pressure loss.
Der durch das Rauchgas des Drehrohrofens gebildete Heißgasstrom, der die einzelnen Schächte von unten nach oben durchströmt, folgt im Bereich der Schichthöhen-Begrenzungsvorrichtung 9 dem Weg des geringsten Widerstandes und verläßt somit die Schüttung im Bereich der schrägen Böschungsflächen, die sich durch die Unterkante der Schichthöhen-Begrenzungsvorichtung 9 ergeben haben. Der Heißgasstrom wird dann über die Ableitmittel 8 abgeleitet.The hot gas flow formed by the flue gas of the rotary kiln, which flows through the individual shafts from bottom to top, follows the path of least resistance in the region of the layer height limiting device 9 and thus leaves the bed in the region of the inclined embankment surfaces, which are defined by the lower edge of the layer heights Limiting device 9 have resulted. The hot gas stream is then discharged via the discharge means 8.
Die Schichthöhen-Begrenzungsvorichtung 9 ist so ausgelegt, daß auf das Einführen der Schieberplatten 90 dann verzichtet werden kann, wenn der Vorwärmer mit dem gröbsten Kornspektrum betrieben wird. The layer height limiting device 9 is designed so that the slide plates 90 can be dispensed with when the preheater is operated with the coarsest grain spectrum.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Schachtvorwärmer mit1 . Shaft preheater with
- mehreren Schächten (2a, 2b, ... ) zur Aufnahme von stückigem Material (4) ,- several shafts (2a, 2b, ...) for receiving lumpy material (4),
einer Einrichtung (3) zum Befüllen der einzelnen Schächte mit dem vorzuwärmenden, stückigen Mate- riala device (3) for filling the individual shafts with the preheated, lumpy material
sowie Mitteln (9) zum Begrenzen der Schichthöhe in den Schächten, wobei die Mittel (9) derart ausgebildet sind, daß zumindest in einigen Schächten (2a, 2b,...) eine separate Einstellung der Schichthöhe vorgesehen ist,and means (9) for limiting the layer height in the shafts, the means (9) being designed such that a separate adjustment of the layer height is provided in at least some shafts (2a, 2b, ...),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (9) zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe eine Einrichtung (90) zur Grobeinstellung und eine Einrichtung (91) zur Feineinstellung der Schichthöhe aufweisen.characterized in that the means (9) for limiting the layer height have a device (90) for rough adjustment and a device (91) for fine adjustment of the layer height.
2. Schachtvorwärmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in allen Schächten separate Mittel (9) zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe vorgesehen sind.2. shaft preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that separate means (9) are provided in all shafts for limiting the layer height.
3. SchachtVorwärmer nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin gekennzeichnet durch einen Vorbunker (1) , über den die einzelnen Schächte mit stückigem Material befüllt werden, wobei der Vorbunker in einzelne Sektoren unterteilt ist. 3. shaft preheater according to claim 1, further characterized by a pre-bunker (1), via which the individual shafts are filled with lumpy material, the pre-bunker being divided into individual sectors.
4. Schachtvorwärmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (9) zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe eine Schieberplatte (90) umfassen.4. shaft preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (9) for limiting the layer height comprise a slide plate (90).
5. Schachtvorwärmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (9) zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe eine Schieberplatte (90) umfassen, die von oben in den entsprechenden Schacht einführbar ist und deren Unterkante (90a) zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe dient.5. shaft preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (9) for limiting the layer height comprise a slide plate (90) which can be inserted from above into the corresponding shaft and whose lower edge (90a) serves to limit the layer height.
6. Schachtvorwärmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (9) zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe eine Nadelschieber (91) umfassen.6. shaft preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (9) for limiting the layer height comprise a needle slide (91).
7. Schachtvorwärmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (9) zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe eine Nadelschieber (91) umfassen, der während des Betriebes des Schachtvorwärmers betätig- bar ist.7. shaft preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (9) for limiting the layer height comprise a needle slide (91) which can be actuated during the operation of the shaft preheater.
8. Schachtvorwärmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zum Einleiten eines Heißgasstromes in die Schächte sowie Mittel (8) zum Ablei- ten des durch die Materialschicht in den einzelnen8. shaft preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that means for introducing a hot gas flow into the shafts and means (8) for deriving the through the material layer in the individual
Schächten geleiteten Heißgasstromes vorgesehen sind.Wells directed hot gas flow are provided.
9. Schachtvorwärmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zum Einleiten eines Heißgas- Stromes in die Schächte sowie Mittel (8) zum Ableiten des durch die Materialschicht in den einzelnen Schächten geleiteten Heißgasstromes vorgesehen sind, wobei ferner eine Meßeinrichtung zur Ermittlung des Druckverlustes des Heißgasstromes innerhalb des Schachtes vorgesehen ist und die Mittel (9) zur Begrenzung der Schichthöhe in Abhängigkeit des Druckverlustes ansteuerbar sind. 9. shaft preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that means for introducing a hot gas flow into the shafts and means (8) for deriving the hot gas flow guided through the material layer in the individual shafts are provided, further comprising a measuring device for determining the pressure loss of the Hot gas flow within the Shaft is provided and the means (9) for limiting the layer height depending on the pressure loss can be controlled.
EP02764729A 2001-07-18 2002-07-18 Shaft pre-heater Expired - Lifetime EP1407208B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10134857A DE10134857A1 (en) 2001-07-18 2001-07-18 shaft preheater
DE10134857 2001-07-18
PCT/EP2002/008028 WO2003008888A1 (en) 2001-07-18 2002-07-18 Shaft pre-heater

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EP1407208A1 true EP1407208A1 (en) 2004-04-14
EP1407208B1 EP1407208B1 (en) 2006-12-06

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US (1) US6918760B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1407208B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10134857A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1407208T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2003008888A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101832715B (en) * 2010-04-22 2012-02-15 胡锡文 Cement raw meal vertical pipe rotary spray preheater and preheating and decomposing system
WO2014085538A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Flsmidth A/S System for the production of fine lime

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2317056C3 (en) * 1973-04-05 1975-10-09 Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag, 5000 Koeln Device for the thermal treatment of granular and / or lumpy materials
DE2748670C2 (en) * 1977-10-29 1986-07-31 BKMI Industrieanlagen GmbH, 8000 München Method and device for burning materials of very different grain sizes, in particular limestone gravel
DE2900078A1 (en) * 1979-01-02 1980-07-17 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag SHAFT PRE-WARMER
US5779467A (en) * 1997-02-04 1998-07-14 Svedala Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for preheating particulate material

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Title
See references of WO03008888A1 *

Also Published As

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WO2003008888A1 (en) 2003-01-30
EP1407208B1 (en) 2006-12-06
DE50208904D1 (en) 2007-01-18
DE10134857A1 (en) 2003-02-06
DK1407208T3 (en) 2007-04-10
US6918760B2 (en) 2005-07-19
US20040099658A1 (en) 2004-05-27

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