EP1400158A1 - Hom damped high-frequency resonator - Google Patents

Hom damped high-frequency resonator

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Publication number
EP1400158A1
EP1400158A1 EP02750795A EP02750795A EP1400158A1 EP 1400158 A1 EP1400158 A1 EP 1400158A1 EP 02750795 A EP02750795 A EP 02750795A EP 02750795 A EP02750795 A EP 02750795A EP 1400158 A1 EP1400158 A1 EP 1400158A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
hom
resonator
webs
waveguides
Prior art date
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Granted
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EP02750795A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1400158B1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Weihreter
Frank Marhauser
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Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH
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BERLINER ELEKTRONENSPEICHER
Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft fur Synchrotronstrahlung Mbh
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/14—Vacuum chambers
    • H05H7/18—Cavities; Resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a HOM-damped high-frequency resonator, having a cylindrical resonator cavity, on the outer surface of which three circular tapered waveguides are arranged with two symmetrically arranged webs, the cut-off frequency of the waveguide basic mode being constant over the length of the waveguides by varying the web height is held, and the ridge waveguides have at their end with the smaller diameter an impedance transformer for broadband RF matching of the coaxial line.
  • the brilliance of the photon beams depends on the quality of the stored electron beam. Beam instabilities in particular have a negative impact on the brilliance generated. The beam instabilities are caused by multibunch vibrations, which lead to an increase in the energy width (longitudinal vibrations) and the transverse emittance (transverse vibrations).
  • the multibunch vibrations are excited by the interaction of the electron packets with the higher order modes (HOM) of the acceleration resonator.
  • HOM higher order modes
  • the installation length in the axial direction is approximately 2 m.
  • the wide-band rectangular waveguides have a transition to a 7/8 "EIA coaxial line for coupling out the HOM energy.
  • relatively small values for the HOM impedances can be achieved. This advantage is, however, also clear with one reduced shunt impedance for the basic mode, which entails higher operating costs.
  • the high-frequency resonator has a cylindrical resonator cavity, on the outer surface of which three circular waveguides are arranged for coupling to the HOMs, each of which is connected to a broadband transition to a coaxial line (broadband circular waveguide to coaxial transition - CWCT).
  • a coaxial line broadband circular waveguide to coaxial transition - CWCT
  • a circular waveguide is described for such an arrangement, which is designed as a tapered ridge waveguide with a constant cut-off frequency and an impedance transformer for the 7/8 "coaxial line.
  • the dimensions of a HOM-damped high-frequency resonator could can be reduced, but the reduction of the shunt impedance of the fundamental mode is relatively large and the damping efficiency for the higher order modes is insufficient.
  • a HOM-damped high-frequency resonator of the type mentioned at the outset in that, according to the invention, the waveguide with two symmetrically arranged webs for adjusting an asymmetry relative to the central plane of the cylindrical resonator cavity is offset in the direction of its longitudinal axis on the Shell surface of the resonator cavity are arranged, the waveguides with two symmetrically arranged webs are adjustable in their angle to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity and the webs of the waveguides protrude into the cylindrical resonator cavity in such a way that the modes of higher order are optimally coupled.
  • the circular waveguides are offset relative to the center plane of the cylindrical resonator cavity in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
  • the orientation of the waveguide web relative to the beam axis can be selected. This makes it possible to selectively optimize the coupling to individual HOMs that are particularly disruptive in a specific storage ring.
  • the solution according to the invention ensures that the vacuum transitions and the HF transitions are not realized at the same location.
  • the partial length of the webs of the waveguides protruding into the resonator cavity is varied (in addition to other geometric parameters) by numerical simulation in such a way that the HOM Impedances above the cut-off frequency (650 MHz) to 3 GHz can be minimized.
  • the webs of the waveguides are aligned in parallel with respect to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity, i.e. the angle of the ridge waveguides to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity is 0 degrees.
  • This version is the optimal solution in the event that all HOMs are excited by the electron beam with the same strength. If this is not the case, the adjustability of the orientation of the waveguide webs enables a minimization of the HOMs specific to the ring ring.
  • This ridge profile is particularly favorable because the cut-off frequency of the waveguide is kept constant and the reflection factor of the tapered waveguide section is thus minimized in the above-mentioned frequency range.
  • the impedance transformer has a section which is designed as a tapered coaxial connection. This enables the use of vacuum RF windows of any embodiment.
  • the resonator cavity has a jet pipe opening with nose-shaped extensions. This "nose cone" geometry used in the area of the beam tube opening causes the accelerating field to be concentrated on the resonator axis, as a result of which a large shunt impedance is achieved with a high HOM damping efficiency guaranteed to the state of the art.
  • the solution according to the invention enables the use of HOM-damped resonators in most synchrotron radiation sources.
  • the maximum local thermal power densities on the inner surface of the resonator in the transition region between the waveguide and the resonator wall (with external excitation of the basic mode) are approximately 50% lower when using round waveguides than with rectangular waveguides. This allows a much simpler design of the cooling water channels.
  • the connection of a round waveguide with a cylindrical resonator is easier and cheaper than the connection of a rectangular waveguide with a spherical or bell-shaped design.
  • the production costs are only about 40%.
  • the “nose cone” geometry used to design the beam tube opening of the resonator cavity brings about a high shunt impedance of the fundamental mode with simultaneous efficient HOM damping.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a spatial sectional drawing through an HOM-attenuated RF resonator according to FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 4 shows a ridge waveguide schematically in longitudinal section.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an HOM-damped RF resonator according to the invention.
  • a normally conductive 500 MHz acceleration resonator for synchrotron sources three circular ridge waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 by means of the flanges F1; F2; F3 arranged.
  • the flanges F1; F2; F3 enable the orientation of the webs of the waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3.
  • the figure also shows the opening for an HF coupling element 4, the opening for the tuner 3 and the opening for connection to a measuring loop 5.
  • the offset of the three waveguides 2.1 arranged on the lateral surface of the resonator cavity 1 in the direction of its longitudinal axis can be clearly seen.
  • the offset according to the invention of the waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 to one another has the effect that both the modes that are symmetrical and antisymmetric with respect to the central plane are efficiently coupled out.
  • the jet pipe SR into which the resonator cavity 1 is fitted, is also shown.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic spatial sectional drawing of the HOM-attenuated RF resonator shown in FIG. 1.
  • the two webs S1.1 and S2.1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3 of the three waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 protrude into the resonator cavity 1 according to the invention, ie the length of the webs S1.1; S2.1; S1.2; S2.2; S1.3; S2.3 is greater than the length of the wall of the waveguide 2.1; 2.2; 2.3.
  • the flanges F1; F2; F3 are the circular waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 adjustable in their orientation with respect to the beam axis with the resonator cavity 1, which enables a storage ring-specific optimization of the coupling of particularly disruptive HOMs.
  • the opening R of the jet pipe SR in the resonator cavity 1 has a “nose cone” geometry, as a result of which - as already described - the accelerating field is concentrated on the resonator axis.
  • Each waveguide 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 is - as shown in Figure 3 - each an impedance transformer 6.1; 6.2; 6.3 assigned. These impedance transformers 6.1; 6.2; 6.3 each have a section 7.1; 7.2; 7.3 on, which is designed as a tapered coaxial line.
  • the special design of the waveguide 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 with their symmetrically arranged two webs S1.1 and S2.1 penetrating into the resonator cavity 1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3 can be seen particularly well in this sectional drawing.
  • FIG. 4 shows one of the three circular waveguides 2 with two symmetrically arranged webs S1; S2 shown in longitudinal section.
  • the cut-off frequency along the waveguide 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 kept constant and thereby - as already mentioned - the reflection factor of the tapered waveguide section in the frequency range 650 MHz to 3 GHz minimized.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

A HOM attenuated high frequency resonator provided with a cylindrical resonator cavity on the outer surface of which are arranged three circular tapered waveguides with two symmetrically arranged ridges each, the cut-off frequency of the waveguide base mode being kept constant over the length of the waveguides by varying the height of the ridges, and the ridge waveguides being provided at their end of the smaller diameter with an impedance transformer each for the broadband adjustment of the coaxial line is to be cost-efficiently manufacturable as a compact structure and is to be of improved attenuation properties while at the same time having, relative to prior art arrangements, a high shunt impedance for the fundamental modes.

Description

Bezeichnungdescription
HOM-gedämpfter Hochfrequenz-ResonatorHOM-damped high-frequency resonator
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft einen HOM-gedämpften Hochfrequenz-Resonator, aufweisend einen zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraum, auf dessen Mantelfläche drei zirkuläre getaperte Wellenleiter mit zwei symmetrisch angeordneten Stegen angeordnet sind, wobei die cut-off-Frequenz des Wellenleitergrundmodes über die Länge der Wellenleiter durch Variation der Steghöhe konstant gehalten ist, und die Stegwellenleiter an ihrem Ende mit dem kleineren Durchmesser einen Impedanztransformator zur breitbandigen HF-Anpassung der Koaxialleitung aufweisen.The invention relates to a HOM-damped high-frequency resonator, having a cylindrical resonator cavity, on the outer surface of which three circular tapered waveguides are arranged with two symmetrically arranged webs, the cut-off frequency of the waveguide basic mode being constant over the length of the waveguides by varying the web height is held, and the ridge waveguides have at their end with the smaller diameter an impedance transformer for broadband RF matching of the coaxial line.
In Elektronen-Speicherringen zur Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung hängt die Brillanz der Photonenstrahlen empfindlich von der Qualität des gespeicherten Elektronenstrahls ab. Insbesondere Strahlinstabilitäten haben einen negativen Einfluss auf die erzeugte Brillanz. Die Strahlinstabilitäten werden durch Multibunch-Schwingungen hervorgerufen, die eine Vergrößerung der Energiebreite (longitudinale Schwingungen) und der transversalen Emittanz (transversale Schwingungen) nach sich ziehen.In electron storage rings for generating synchrotron radiation, the brilliance of the photon beams depends on the quality of the stored electron beam. Beam instabilities in particular have a negative impact on the brilliance generated. The beam instabilities are caused by multibunch vibrations, which lead to an increase in the energy width (longitudinal vibrations) and the transverse emittance (transverse vibrations).
Die Multibunch-Schwingungen werden durch die Wechselwirkung der Elektronenpakete mit den Moden höherer Ordnung (HOM) des Beschleunigungsresonators angeregt. Durch Verringerung der Impedanzen dieser HOM's unterhalb der für jede Synchrotron-Quelle spezifischen kritischen Impedanz können die o.g. Instabilitäten unterdrückt werden.The multibunch vibrations are excited by the interaction of the electron packets with the higher order modes (HOM) of the acceleration resonator. By reducing the impedances of these HOMs below the critical impedance specific for each synchrotron source, the above Instabilities are suppressed.
Für die Unterdrückung der Instabilitäten sind dem Stand der Technik nach verschiedene Lösungen für Resonatoren bekannt. So ist beispielsweise in Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 1990), Vol. 1 , pp. 149; Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 1996), Vol. 1 , pp. 148 und ebenda Vol. 3, pp. 1976 der Resonator am Laboratori Nazionale di Frascati, INFN, in Frascati/Italien beschrieben. Dieser Resonator besteht aus einem glockenförmigen Resonatorhohlraum mit drei langen Rechteckhohlleitern zur HOM-Dämpfung, die unter einem Winkel von ca. 15 Grad zur Resonatorachse angeordnet sind. Bedingt durch diese Geometrie und die langen kegelstumpfförmigen Strahlrohre zur Anpassung des großen rohrseitigen Durchmessers an die Vakuumkammer des Rings beträgt die Einbaulänge in axialer Richtung etwa 2 m. Die breitbandigen Rechteckhohlleiter besitzen einen Übergang auf eine 7/8" EIA-Koaxialleitung zur Auskopplung der HOM-Energie. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund des großen Durchmessers der Strahlrohröffnungen können relativ kleine Werte für die HOM-Impedanzen erreicht werden. Dieser Vorteil wird aber mit einer ebenfalls deutlich reduzierten Shuntimpedanz für den Grundmode erkauft, was höhere Betriebskosten nach sich zieht.Various prior art solutions for resonators are known for suppressing instabilities. For example, in Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 1990), Vol. 1, pp. 149; Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 1996), Vol. 1, pp. 148 and ibid. Vol. 3, pp. 1976 the resonator at the Laboratori Nazionale di Frascati, INFN, in Frascati / Italy. This resonator consists of a bell-shaped resonator cavity with three long rectangular waveguides for HOM damping, which are arranged at an angle of approx. 15 degrees to the resonator axis. Due to this geometry and the long frusto-conical beam pipes to adapt the large pipe-side diameter to the vacuum chamber of the ring, the installation length in the axial direction is approximately 2 m. The wide-band rectangular waveguides have a transition to a 7/8 "EIA coaxial line for coupling out the HOM energy. Not least because of the large diameter of the beam pipe openings, relatively small values for the HOM impedances can be achieved. This advantage is, however, also clear with one reduced shunt impedance for the basic mode, which entails higher operating costs.
Eine andere Lösung, radial angeordnete Wellenleiter an die störenden HOM's anzukoppeln, ist für das Cavity (Hohlraumresonator) am Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, SLAC, in Stanford/USA entwickelt worden (beispielsweise beschrieben in SLAC-PUB-6129, LBL-30624, BECON-91 , April 1991). Diese Anordnung besteht aus einem Resonatorhohlraum mit sphärischer radialer Kontur und drei rechteckigen Wellenleitern zur HOM-Dämpfung, die unter einem Winkel von ca. 30 Grad zur Strahlachse am Resonator angeordnet, dann aber parallel zur Achse orientiert und schließlich aus Platzgründen um 180 Grad gebogen sind. Die HOM-Energie wird in Ferritabsorbern im Innenraum der Wellenleiter absorbiert. Bedingt durch die Geometrie der Anordnung beträgt die Einbaulänge in axialer Richtung etwa 1 ,8 m.Another solution for coupling radially arranged waveguides to the interfering HOM's has been developed for the cavity (cavity resonator) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, SLAC, in Stanford / USA (for example described in SLAC-PUB-6129, LBL-30624, BECON- 91, April 1991). This arrangement consists of a resonator cavity with a spherical radial contour and three rectangular waveguides for HOM damping, which are arranged at an angle of approx. 30 degrees to the beam axis on the resonator, but then oriented parallel to the axis and finally bent by 180 degrees for reasons of space. The HOM energy is absorbed in ferrite absorbers in the interior of the waveguide. Due to the geometry of the arrangement, the installation length in the axial direction is approximately 1.8 m.
Beide genannten Resonatoren sind für den Einsatz in Elektron-Positron- Speicherringen für die Hochenergiephysik mit längeren geraden Sektionen entwickelt worden und daher für die Verwendung in Synchrotron- Strahlungsquellen nur bedingt geeignet.Both of the resonators mentioned are for use in electron-positron storage rings for high-energy physics with longer straight sections Developed and therefore only of limited suitability for use in synchrotron radiation sources.
In Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 1996), Vol. 3, pp. 1940 ist ein Resonator beschrieben, wie er von der Berliner Elektro- nenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H. vorgeschlagen worden ist. Hierbei weist der Hochfrequenz-Resonator einen zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraum auf, auf dessen Mantelfläche drei zirkuläre Wellenleiter zur Ankopplung an die HOM's angeordnet sind, die jeweils mit einem breitbandigen Übergang auf eine Koaxialleitung verbunden sind (broadband circular waveguide to coaxial transition - CWCT). Mit dieser Anordnung können die notwendigen Abmessungen, insbesondere die Einbaulänge, im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik verringert werden. In Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 1998), Vol. 3, pp. 2065 ist für eine solche Anordnung ein zirkularer Wellenleiter beschrieben, der als getaperter Stegwellenleiter mit einer konstanten cut-off-Frequenz und einem Impedanztransformator zur 7/8"-Koaxialleitung ausgebildet ist. Wie bereits erwähnt, konnten die Abmessungen eines HOM-gedämpften Hochfrequenz- Resonators verringert werden, jedoch ist die Reduzierung der Shuntimpedanz des Fundamentalmodes relativ groß und die Dämpfungseffizienz für die Moden höherer Ordnung ungenügend.In Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 1996), Vol. 3, pp. In 1940, a resonator was described as it was manufactured by the Berlin electron storage ring society for synchrotron radiation m.b.H. has been proposed. Here, the high-frequency resonator has a cylindrical resonator cavity, on the outer surface of which three circular waveguides are arranged for coupling to the HOMs, each of which is connected to a broadband transition to a coaxial line (broadband circular waveguide to coaxial transition - CWCT). With this arrangement, the necessary dimensions, in particular the installation length, can be reduced compared to the prior art. In Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (EPAC 1998), Vol. 3, pp. In 2065 a circular waveguide is described for such an arrangement, which is designed as a tapered ridge waveguide with a constant cut-off frequency and an impedance transformer for the 7/8 "coaxial line. As already mentioned, the dimensions of a HOM-damped high-frequency resonator could can be reduced, but the reduction of the shunt impedance of the fundamental mode is relatively large and the damping efficiency for the higher order modes is insufficient.
Deshalb ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen kostengünstig herstellbaren HOM-gedämpften HF-Resonator mit verbesserter Dämpfungscharakteristik bei gleichzeitig hoher Shuntimpedanz für den Fundamentalmode in Platz sparender Bauweise anzugeben.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an inexpensive to produce HOM-attenuated RF resonator with improved attenuation characteristics and at the same time high shunt impedance for the fundamental mode in a space-saving design.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen HOM-gedämpften Hochfrequenz-Resonator der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass erfindungsgemäß die Wellenleiter mit zwei symmetrisch angeordneten Stegen zur Einstellung einer Asymmetrie relativ zur Mittelebene des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraumes in Richtung seiner Längsachse versetzt auf der Mantelfläche des Resonatorhohlraums angeordnet sind, die Wellenleiter mit zwei symmetrisch angeordneten Stegen in ihrem Winkel zur Achse des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraums einstellbar ausgebildet sind und die Stege der Wellenleiter in den zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraum derart hineinragen, dass die Moden höherer Ordnung optimal angekoppelt sind.This object is achieved by a HOM-damped high-frequency resonator of the type mentioned at the outset in that, according to the invention, the waveguide with two symmetrically arranged webs for adjusting an asymmetry relative to the central plane of the cylindrical resonator cavity is offset in the direction of its longitudinal axis on the Shell surface of the resonator cavity are arranged, the waveguides with two symmetrically arranged webs are adjustable in their angle to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity and the webs of the waveguides protrude into the cylindrical resonator cavity in such a way that the modes of higher order are optimally coupled.
Für die effiziente Reduzierung der HOM-Impedanzen ist eine möglichst breitbandige und reflexionsarme Anpassung der kreisförmigen Wellenleiter bei möglichst großer Kopplung von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung. Diese Wirkungen werden gerade durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung realisiert.For the efficient reduction of the HOM impedances, a broadband and low-reflection adaptation of the circular waveguides with the greatest possible coupling is of crucial importance. These effects are realized by the solution according to the invention.
Um sicherzustellen, dass sowohl die bezüglich der Mittelebene symmetrischen Moden als auch die antisymmetrischen Moden effizient ausgekoppelt werden, sind die zirkulären Wellenleiter relativ zur Mittelebene des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraums in Richtung seiner Längsachse versetzt.In order to ensure that both the modes that are symmetrical with respect to the center plane and the antisymmetric modes are coupled out efficiently, the circular waveguides are offset relative to the center plane of the cylindrical resonator cavity in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
Da die Wellenleiter in ihrem Winkel zur Achse des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraumes einstellbar ausgebildet sind, beispielsweise mittels rotationssymmetrischer UHV-Flansche mit dem Resonatorhohlraum verbunden sind, ist die Orientierung des Wellenleitersteges relativ zur Strahlachse wählbar. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Ankopplung an einzelne in einem spezifischen Speicherring besonders störende HOM's selektiv zu optimieren.Since the angle of the waveguide to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity is adjustable, for example connected to the resonator cavity by means of rotationally symmetrical UHV flanges, the orientation of the waveguide web relative to the beam axis can be selected. This makes it possible to selectively optimize the coupling to individual HOMs that are particularly disruptive in a specific storage ring.
Da die Wellenleiter mit ihren Stegen in den Resonatorhohlraum tiefer hineinragen als vom Verbindungselement, beispielsweise den erwähnten Flanschen, vorgegeben, wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung gewährleistet, dass nicht am selben Ort die Vakuumübergänge und die HF- Übergänge realisiert sind. Die Teillänge der in den Resonatorhohlraum hineinragenden Stege der Wellenleiter wird (neben anderen geometrischen Parametern) durch numerische Simulation derart variiert, dass die HOM- Impedanzen oberhalb der cut-off-Frequenz (650 MHz) bis 3 GHz minimiert werden.Since the waveguides with their webs project deeper into the resonator cavity than specified by the connecting element, for example the flanges mentioned, the solution according to the invention ensures that the vacuum transitions and the HF transitions are not realized at the same location. The partial length of the webs of the waveguides protruding into the resonator cavity is varied (in addition to other geometric parameters) by numerical simulation in such a way that the HOM Impedances above the cut-off frequency (650 MHz) to 3 GHz can be minimized.
Insbesondere die Einstellung der Winkel der Stege der Wellenleiter bezüglich der Achse des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohiraums mittels rotationssymmetrischer Flansche ermöglicht eine Optimierung der Ankopplung besonders störender HOM's.In particular, the adjustment of the angles of the webs of the waveguides with respect to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity by means of rotationally symmetrical flanges enables optimization of the coupling of particularly disruptive HOMs.
In einer Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Stege der Wellenleiter bezüglich der Achse des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraums parallel ausgerichtet sind, d.h. die Winkel der Stegwellenleiter zur Achse des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraums beträgt 0 Grad. Diese Ausführung ist die optimale Lösung für den Fall, dass alle HOM's vom Elektronenstrahl mit gleicher Stärke angeregt werden. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so erlaubt die Einsteilbarkeit der Orientierung der Wellenleiterstege eine speicherringspezifische Minimierung der HOM's.In one embodiment it is provided that the webs of the waveguides are aligned in parallel with respect to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity, i.e. the angle of the ridge waveguides to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity is 0 degrees. This version is the optimal solution in the event that all HOMs are excited by the electron beam with the same strength. If this is not the case, the adjustability of the orientation of the waveguide webs enables a minimization of the HOMs specific to the ring ring.
In einer anderen Ausführung weisen die zirkulären getaperten Stegwellenleiter eine variable Steghöhe auf, die über die Länge des getaperten Wellenleiters durch das Polynom zweiter Ordnung y = 3,6328 + 0,0347513x + 0,000183869x2 beschrieben ist, wobei x die Länge (in mm) des getaperten Wellenleiters und y der halbe Abstand der Stege (in mm) zueinander bedeuten. Dieses Stegprofil ist besonders günstig, da die cut-off-Frequenz des Wellenleiters konstant gehalten wird und dadurch der Reflexionsfaktor der getaperten Wellenleitersektion im o.g. Frequenzbereich minimiert ist.In another embodiment, the circular tapered ridge waveguides have a variable ridge height, which is described over the length of the tapered waveguide by the second-order polynomial y = 3.6328 + 0.0347513x + 0.000183869x 2 , where x is the length (in mm ) of the tapered waveguide and y mean half the distance between the webs (in mm). This ridge profile is particularly favorable because the cut-off frequency of the waveguide is kept constant and the reflection factor of the tapered waveguide section is thus minimized in the above-mentioned frequency range.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass der Impedanztransformator eine Sektion aufweist, die als getaperte Koaxialverbindung ausgebildet ist. Dadurch wird die Verwendung von Vakuum-HF-Fenstern beliebiger Ausführungsformen ermöglicht. Der Resonatorhohlraum weist in einer nächsten Ausführungsform zur Optimierung der Shuntimpedanz des Fundamentalmodes eine Strahlrohröffnung mit nasenförmigen Erweiterungen auf. Diese verwendete „nose cone"-Geometrie im Bereich der Strahlrohröffnung bewirkt eine Konzentration des beschleunigenden Feldes auf der Resonatorachse, wodurch eine große Shuntimpedanz bei gleichzeitig hoher HOM- Dämpfungseffizienz erreicht wird. Durch die Realisierung einer hohen Shuntimpedanz ist im Beschleuinigerbetrieb eine energieeffizientere Beschleunigung des Elektronenstrahls i.V. zum Stand der Technik gewährleistet.A further embodiment provides that the impedance transformer has a section which is designed as a tapered coaxial connection. This enables the use of vacuum RF windows of any embodiment. In a next embodiment, to optimize the shunt impedance of the fundamental mode, the resonator cavity has a jet pipe opening with nose-shaped extensions. This "nose cone" geometry used in the area of the beam tube opening causes the accelerating field to be concentrated on the resonator axis, as a result of which a large shunt impedance is achieved with a high HOM damping efficiency guaranteed to the state of the art.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ermöglicht mit ihrer Platz sparenden Bauweise den Einsatz von HOM-gedämpften Resonatoren in den meisten Synchrotron- Strahlungsquellen. Die maximalen lokalen thermischen Leistungsdichten auf der inneren Oberfläche des Resonators im Übergangsbereich zwischen Wellenleiter und Resonatorwand (bei externer Anregung des Grundmodes) sind bei Verwendung runder Wellenleiter um etwa 50 % geringer als bei rechteckförmigen Wellenleitern. Dies erlaubt eine wesentlich einfachere Gestaltung der Kühlwasserkanäle. Aus fertigungstechnischer Sicht ist die Verbindung eines runden Wellenleiters mit einem zylinderförmigen Resonator einfacher und kostengünstiger als die Verbindung eines rechteckförmigen Wellenleiters mit einer sphärischen oder glockenförmigen Ausführung. Im Vergleich zu den im Stand der Technik erwähnten Lösungen betragen die Herstellungungskosten nur etwa 40 %. Die für die Gestaltung der Strahlrohröffnung des Resonatorhohlraumes genutzte „nose cone"-Geometrie bewirkt - wie bereits erwähnt - eine hohe Shuntimpedanz des Fundamentalmodes bei gleichzeitiger effizienter HOM-Dämpfung.With its space-saving design, the solution according to the invention enables the use of HOM-damped resonators in most synchrotron radiation sources. The maximum local thermal power densities on the inner surface of the resonator in the transition region between the waveguide and the resonator wall (with external excitation of the basic mode) are approximately 50% lower when using round waveguides than with rectangular waveguides. This allows a much simpler design of the cooling water channels. From a manufacturing point of view, the connection of a round waveguide with a cylindrical resonator is easier and cheaper than the connection of a rectangular waveguide with a spherical or bell-shaped design. Compared to the solutions mentioned in the prior art, the production costs are only about 40%. As already mentioned, the “nose cone” geometry used to design the beam tube opening of the resonator cavity brings about a high shunt impedance of the fundamental mode with simultaneous efficient HOM damping.
Die Erfindung soll im folgenden Ausführungsbeispiel anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail in the following embodiment with reference to drawings.
Dabei zeigen Fig. 1 schematische Gesamtdarstellung eines HOM-gedämften HF-Show 1 schematic overall representation of a HOM-insulated HF
Resonators in Strahlrichtung; Fig. 2 schematische Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 1 ;Resonators in the beam direction; FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view according to FIG. 1;
Fig. 3 schematisch eine räumliche Schnittzeichnung durch einen HOM- gedämpften HF-Resonator gemäß Fig. 1 ;3 schematically shows a spatial sectional drawing through an HOM-attenuated RF resonator according to FIG. 1;
Fig. 4 einen Stegwellenleiter schematisch im Längsschnitt.Fig. 4 shows a ridge waveguide schematically in longitudinal section.
In Fig. 1 ist schematisch ein erfindungsgemäßer HOM-gedämpfter HF- Resonator dargestellt. In einem normalleitenden 500 MHz- Beschleunigungsresonator für Synchrotron-Quellen sind an einem zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraum 1 drei zirkuläre Stegwellenleiter 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3 mittels der Flansche F1 ; F2; F3 angeordnet. Die Flansche F1 ; F2; F3 ermöglichen die Einstellung der Orientierung der Stege der Wellenleiter 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3. Dargestellt in dieser Figur ist ebenfalls die Öffnung für ein HF- Einkoppelelement 4, die Öffnung für den Tuner 3 und die Öffnung für den Anschluss an eine Messschleife 5.1 schematically shows an HOM-damped RF resonator according to the invention. In a normally conductive 500 MHz acceleration resonator for synchrotron sources, three circular ridge waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 by means of the flanges F1; F2; F3 arranged. The flanges F1; F2; F3 enable the orientation of the webs of the waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3. The figure also shows the opening for an HF coupling element 4, the opening for the tuner 3 and the opening for connection to a measuring loop 5.
In der in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellten Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 1 ist gut erkennbar der Versatz der drei auf der Mantelfläche des Resonatorhohlraums 1 in Richtung seiner Längsachse angeordneten Wellenleiter 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3 zueinander. Ebenfalls dargestellt sind in dieser Figur die Impedanztransformatoren 6.1 ; 6.2; 6.3. Der dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Versatz der Wellenleiter 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 zueinander bewirkt, dass sowohl die bezüglich der Mittelebene symmetrischen als auch antisymmetrischen Moden effizient ausgekoppelt werden. Eingezeichnet ist ebenfalls das Strahlrohr SR, in das der Resonatorhohlraum 1 eingepasst ist.1, the offset of the three waveguides 2.1 arranged on the lateral surface of the resonator cavity 1 in the direction of its longitudinal axis can be clearly seen. 2.2; 2.3 to each other. Also shown in this figure are the impedance transformers 6.1; 6.2; 6.3. The offset according to the invention of the waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 to one another has the effect that both the modes that are symmetrical and antisymmetric with respect to the central plane are efficiently coupled out. The jet pipe SR, into which the resonator cavity 1 is fitted, is also shown.
Die Fig. 3 ist eine schematische räumliche Schnittzeichnung des in Fig. 1 dargestellten HOM-gedämpften HF-Resonators. Hier ist nun gut erkennbar, wie jeweils die beiden Stege S1.1 und S2.1; S1.2 und S2.2; S1.3 und S2.3 der drei Wellenleiter 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3 erfindungsgemäß in den Resonatorhohlraum 1 hineinragen, d.h. die Länge der Stege S1.1 ; S2.1 ; S1.2; S2.2; S1.3; S2.3 ist größer als die Länge der Wandung der Wellenleiter 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3. Hierdurch erfolgt eine im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik verbesserte Ankopplung höherer Moden. Mittels der Flansche F1 ; F2; F3 sind die Zirkularen Wellenleiter 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3 in ihrer Orientierung bezüglich der Strahlachse einstellbar mit dem Resonatorhohlraum 1 verbunden, wodurch eine speicherringspezifische Optimierung der Ankopplung besonders störender HOM's ermöglicht wird. Die Öffnung R des Strahlrohres SR im Resonatorhohlraum 1 weist eine „nose cone"-Geometrie auf, wodurch - wie bereits beschrieben - eine Konzentration des beschleunigenden Feldes auf der Resonatorachse realisiert ist.FIG. 3 is a schematic spatial sectional drawing of the HOM-attenuated RF resonator shown in FIG. 1. Here you can clearly see how the two webs S1.1 and S2.1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3 of the three waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 protrude into the resonator cavity 1 according to the invention, ie the length of the webs S1.1; S2.1; S1.2; S2.2; S1.3; S2.3 is greater than the length of the wall of the waveguide 2.1; 2.2; 2.3. This results in an improved coupling of higher modes compared to the prior art. By means of the flanges F1; F2; F3 are the circular waveguides 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 adjustable in their orientation with respect to the beam axis with the resonator cavity 1, which enables a storage ring-specific optimization of the coupling of particularly disruptive HOMs. The opening R of the jet pipe SR in the resonator cavity 1 has a “nose cone” geometry, as a result of which - as already described - the accelerating field is concentrated on the resonator axis.
Jedem Wellenleiter 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3 ist - wie in Figur 3 dargestellt - auch je ein Impedanztransformator 6.1 ; 6.2; 6.3 zugeordnet. Diese Impedanztransformatoren 6.1 ; 6.2; 6.3 weisen je eine Sektion 7.1 ; 7.2; 7.3 auf, die als eine getaperte Koaxialleitung ausgebildet ist. Die spezielle Ausbildung der Wellenleiter 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3 mit ihren in den Resonatorhohlraum 1 eindringenden jeweils symmetrisch angeordneten zwei Stegen S1.1 und S2.1 ; S1.2 und S2.2; S1.3 und S2.3 ist in dieser Schnittzeichnung besonders gut zu erkennen.Each waveguide 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 is - as shown in Figure 3 - each an impedance transformer 6.1; 6.2; 6.3 assigned. These impedance transformers 6.1; 6.2; 6.3 each have a section 7.1; 7.2; 7.3 on, which is designed as a tapered coaxial line. The special design of the waveguide 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 with their symmetrically arranged two webs S1.1 and S2.1 penetrating into the resonator cavity 1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3 can be seen particularly well in this sectional drawing.
In der Figur 4 ist einer der drei zirkulären Wellenleiter 2 mit zwei symmetrisch angeordneten Stegen S1 ; S2 im Längsschnitt dargestellt. Der Abstand der beiden Stege S1 ; S2 im Wellenleiter 2 über seine Länge wird beispielsweise durch das Polynom zweiter Ordnung y = 3,6328 + 0,0347513x + 0,000183869x2 beschrieben, wobei x die Länge (in mm) des getaperten Wellenleiters 2 und y der halbe Abstand der Stege (in mm) S1 ; S2 zueinander bedeuten. Mit diesem Stegprofil wird die cut-off- Frequenz längs des Wellenleiters 2.1 ; 2.2; 2.3 konstant gehalten und dadurch - wie bereits erwähnt - der Reflexionsfaktor der getaperten Wellenleitersektion im Frequenzbereich 650 MHz bis 3 GHz minimiert. Numerisch konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die erfindungsgemäße Lösung die Realisierung eines Beschleunigerresonators erlaubt, der die fast vollständige Unterdrückung von multibunch-lnstabilitäten in modernen Synchrotronstrahlungsquellen der dritten Generation gewährleistet. Ausserdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass die maximalen Stromschwellen in Synchrotronstrahlungsquellen i.V. zum Stand der Technik für Resonatoren mindestens um den Faktor 2 erhöht werden. 4 shows one of the three circular waveguides 2 with two symmetrically arranged webs S1; S2 shown in longitudinal section. The distance between the two webs S1; S2 in the waveguide 2 over its length is described, for example, by the second-order polynomial y = 3.6328 + 0.0347513x + 0.000183869x 2 , where x is the length (in mm) of the tapered waveguide 2 and y is half the distance between the webs ( in mm) S1; S2 mean to each other. The cut-off frequency along the waveguide 2.1; 2.2; 2.3 kept constant and thereby - as already mentioned - the reflection factor of the tapered waveguide section in the frequency range 650 MHz to 3 GHz minimized. Numerically it was possible to prove that the solution according to the invention allows the realization of an accelerator resonator, which guarantees the almost complete suppression of multibunch instabilities in modern third generation synchrotron radiation sources. In addition, it was possible to show that the maximum current thresholds in synchrotron radiation sources in relation to the prior art for resonators are increased by at least a factor of 2.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. HOM-gedämpfter Hochfrequenz-Resonator, aufweisend einen zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraum (1), auf dessen Mantelfläche drei zirkuläre getaperte Wellenleiter (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) mit je zwei symmetrisch angeordneten Stegen (S1.1 und S2.1; S1.2 und S2.2; S1.3 und S2.3) angeordnet sind, wobei die cut-off-Frequenz des Wellenleitergrundmodes über die Länge der Wellenleiter (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) durch Variation der Steghöhe konstant gehalten ist, und die Stegwellenleiter (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) an ihrem Ende mit dem kleineren Durchmesser je einen Impedanztransformator (6.1; 6.2;1. HOM-damped high-frequency resonator, having a cylindrical resonator cavity (1), on the outer surface of three circular tapered waveguides (2.1; 2.2; 2.3), each with two symmetrically arranged webs (S1.1 and S2.1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3) are arranged, the cut-off frequency of the waveguide basic mode being kept constant over the length of the waveguide (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) by varying the web height, and the web waveguide (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) an impedance transformer (6.1; 6.2;
6.3) zur breitbandigen HF-Anpassung der Koaxialleitung aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wellenleiter (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) mit je zwei symmetrisch angeordneten Stegen (S1.1 und S2.1; S1.2 und S2.2; S1.3 und S2.3) zur Einstellung einer6.3) for broadband RF adaptation of the coaxial line, characterized in that the waveguides (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) each have two symmetrically arranged webs (S1.1 and S2.1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3) for setting a
Asymmetrie relativ zur Mittelebene des zylinderförmigen ResonatorhohlraumsAsymmetry relative to the central plane of the cylindrical resonator cavity
(1) in Richtung seiner Längsache versetzt auf der Mantelfläche des(1) offset in the direction of its longitudinal axis on the lateral surface of the
Resonatorhohlraums (1) angeordnet sind, die Wellenleiter (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) mit den zwei symmetrisch angeordneten Stegen (S1.1 und S2.1; S1.2 und S2.2; S1.3 und S2.3) in ihrem Winkel zurResonator cavity (1) are arranged, the waveguide (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) with the two symmetrically arranged webs (S1.1 and S2.1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3) in their angle to
Achse des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraums (1) einstellbar ausgebildet sind und die Stege (S1.1 und S2.1; S1.2 und S2.2; S1.3 und S2.3) der WellenleiterAxis of the cylindrical resonator cavity (1) are adjustable and the webs (S1.1 and S2.1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3) of the waveguide
(2.1; 2.2; 2.3) in den zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraum (1) derart hineinragen, dass die Moden höherer Ordnung optimal angekoppelt sind.(2.1; 2.2; 2.3) protrude into the cylindrical resonator cavity (1) in such a way that the higher order modes are optimally coupled.
2. HOM-gedämpfter Resonator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stege (S1.1 und S2.1; S1.2 und S2.2; S1.3 und S2.3) der Wellenleiter (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) bezüglich der Achse des zylinderförmigen Resonatorhohlraums (1) parallel ausgerichtet sind. 2. HOM-damped resonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the webs (S1.1 and S2.1; S1.2 and S2.2; S1.3 and S2.3) of the waveguide (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) are aligned parallel to the axis of the cylindrical resonator cavity (1).
3. HOM-gedämpfter Resonator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zirkulären getaperten Stegwellenleiter (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) eine Steghöhe aufweisen, die über die Länge des getaperten Wellenleiters (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) durch das Polynom zweiter Ordnung y = 3,6328 + 0,0347513x + 0,000183869x2 beschrieben ist, wobei x die Länge (in mm) des getaperten Wellenleiters und y der halbe Abstand der Stege (in mm) zueinander bedeuten.3. HOM-damped resonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular tapered ridge waveguide (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) have a ridge height over the length of the tapered waveguide (2.1; 2.2; 2.3) by the second order polynomial y = 3.6328 + 0.0347513x + 0.000183869x 2 , where x is the length (in mm) of the tapered waveguide and y is half the distance between the webs (in mm).
4. HOM-gedämpfter Resonator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Impedanztransformator (6.1; 6.2; 6.3) eine Sektion (7.1; 7.2; 7.3) aufweist, die als getaperte Koaxialleitung ausgebildet ist.4. HOM-damped resonator according to claim 1, characterized in that each impedance transformer (6.1; 6.2; 6.3) has a section (7.1; 7.2; 7.3) which is designed as a tapered coaxial line.
5. HOM-gedämpfter Resonator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Resonatorhohlraum (1) eine Strahlrohröffnung (R) mit nasenförmigen Erweiterungen zur Konzentration des beschleunigenden Feldes auf der Resonatorachse aufweist. 5. HOM-damped resonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonator cavity (1) has a jet pipe opening (R) with nose-shaped extensions for concentrating the accelerating field on the resonator axis.
EP02750795A 2001-06-15 2002-06-13 Hom damped high-frequency resonator Expired - Lifetime EP1400158B1 (en)

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PCT/DE2002/002230 WO2002104086A1 (en) 2001-06-15 2002-06-13 Hom damped high-frequency resonator

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DE102020127132B4 (en) 2020-10-15 2023-03-30 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung HOM-damped superconducting cavity resonator, use of the same and method for its production
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