EP1395709B1 - Bearing system and bearings - Google Patents

Abstract

The bearing system for high-speed rail links (1) comprises beam units (2) on several supports (4, 5, 6) which allow displacements and/or rotations of the beam units to take place. Also claimed are a bearing for the proposed bearing system, and a device for height adjustment of such a bearing.

Description

The invention relates to a storage system for traffic routes with superimposed on a base support units in which caused by traffic loads high deformation rates. The invention further relates to bearings that are used in the storage system according to the invention, in particular unilaterally guided Linienkipp plain bearings, all sides movable Linienkipp plain bearings, Linienkipplager for use as a bearing for absorbing lifting forces, Punktkipplager for use as a fixed bearing without contrasting forces and Vornchtungen for height adjustment the bearings that are used in the above storage system.

The carrier units may, for example, be so-called single-field carriers with four supports, two-field carriers with six supports or multiple-field carriers (see, for example, US Pat US 5918850A . US 3986222 A ), while the substructure z. B. of the substructure of a suspended or elevated bridge for traffic routes, the elevated route or on the ground arranged route of trains, especially high-speed railways (see, eg DE 197 35 480 A ), can be formed.

High-speed railways, which achieve speeds of the order of 400 to 500 km / h, operate on the principle of electromagnetic levitation, this being based on the attractive forces between the rails in the track and the electromagnets which are arranged band-like right and left along the track. If the board magnets arranged on board the vehicle are turned on, the Vehicle tightened against the rails from below. A control system on board the vehicle controls the change in the air gap, which decreases as the force of attraction increases. It must be ensured that an air gap of about 10 mm is maintained. On the design and storage of the infrastructure therefore considerable demands. The track consists of a track, which is formed by individual guideways, which line up on a substructure, the substructure consists of an arranged on the ground foundation or in an elevated Fabrwegkonstruktion of uprights. In this case, the routes have rails or stator packs with windings for carrying, guiding and driving the maglev, facilities for energy transfer, points and in an elevated arrangement the structure, columns and foundations, as well as at ground level arrangement a special support plate construction. For safety reasons, however, the elevated chassis construction is preferred, with prefabricated concrete or steel components being used.

Although expansion joints up to 100 mm can easily be driven over by the interaction between the vehicle and the roadway, it must nevertheless be ensured that a height or lateral offset of the individual beams relative to one another is absolutely avoided in the area of the joints between two adjacent track supports. Problematic is the vibration behavior in single-frame carriers in so far as they tend to sag, so that set in the expansion joint area a narrowing on one side and an enlargement of the expansion joint on the opposite side. In two-field carriers, driving over the carrier with a magnetic levitation train at high speed causes the carrier to perform an approximately sinusoidal oscillation about the central support, so that due to the rotation of the guideway carrier a displacement and tilting of the sliding surface or the bearing parts takes place to each other. The prescribed displacement and tilting movements take place in extremely short periods of time and can be up to 15 to 20 mm per second in the case of an approximately 50 m long guideway carrier. To the storage system of a guideway carrier very high demands are therefore made. The conditional by the combination of the effects of displacement speed and pressure wear should be kept as low as possible, so that it is anxious to keep the friction between the sliding surfaces as small as possible.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a storage system for traffic routes superimposed on a base support units of the type mentioned in which caused by traffic loads high deformation rates, especially for the Auflagerung the composite of guideways track a high-speed rail, which meets the high requirements of the type described above for the magnetic levitation bill. The bearings used for the storage system should be low-wear, dimensionally stable and easy to maintain and ensure economic production through a simple structure.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 essential to the invention, wherein the subclaims which are drawn back to this claim include advantageous embodiments of the bearing system on the one hand and the individual bearings on the other hand.

The following statements relate to the storage of a guideway carrier, wherein the route comprises a plurality of carriers arranged one behind the other, which are mounted on a substructure, which substructure can be formed either by a foundation or by stands. The bearings of the storage system between the underside of the guideway carrier and the top of the substructure are arranged. Advantageously, several supports are provided per carrier unit, which allow displacements and / or rotations of the carrier unit. The supports are advantageously arranged in pairs in the longitudinal direction of the carrier unit, and at least one respective support pair is provided in the region of the ends of the respective carrier unit.

Different bearing types are used for the bearing system, the supports comprising linear tilt and / or point tilt plain bearings. The guideway bearing system may also comprise a bearing combined with a spherical bearing and a sliding bearing, and at least one fixed bearing, which solid bearing may advantageously be a tilting bearing. Is it a guideway carrier, in which forces to be picked up are to be absorbed, which, for example due to thermal stress, but may also be conditioned by inclined and curved support, a line tilt bearing is advantageously used as a fixed bearing. If, on the other hand, no lifting forces are to be expected, a punctual tip bearing is used as the fixed bearing, which is simpler in design and, as a result, less expensive. While the line tilting bearing only allows a tilting movement in the path length direction, the point tilting bearing allows a tilting movement in all directions. On the special construction of the line tilting bearing will be discussed later.

The storage system for a guideway carrier further comprises at least one universally movable Linienkipp sliding bearing per bearing axis. This type of bearings allow a sliding movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions and a tilting movement in the longitudinal direction of the carrier unit.

In addition to the fixed bearing can advantageously be provided at least one of a spherical bearing and a plain bearing combined bearing per bearing axis. The all-round line tilt sliding bearings allow a sliding movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions and a tilting movement in the longitudinal direction of the carrier unit. The storage system may moreover comprise at least one line-tilt slide bearing guided on one side, this bearing allowing a sliding movement and a tilting movement in the longitudinal direction of the carrier unit, but no sliding movement in the transverse direction. It is advantageous or arranged the one-sided guided Linienkipp sliding bearings in the longitudinal axis of the fixed bearing.

According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the storage system for a composite of a plurality of successively arranged guideways, resting on a substructure route of a high-speed train, in particular a magnetic levitation railway use.

The sliding materials of the bearings are designed for displacement speeds of at least 5 mm per second. However, preference is given to sliding materials which can absorb sliding speeds of more than 10 mm per second, in particular 15 mm per second, without being subject to any particular wear. Each bearing points to it a sliding unit with a sliding washer on. According to a feature of the invention it is provided that the material of the sliding disk has a coefficient of friction which is at most twice the value of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) used for bridge bearings at a displacement speed according to EN (Euronorm) 1337 Part 2. However, a material is preferably considered in which the coefficient of friction of the sliding disk corresponds to at most 1.5 times the PTFE used for bridge bearings at a displacement speed according to EN 1337 Part 2. Moreover, it is provided that the material of the sliding disk is chosen such that it allows a limit load capacity with constant centric load of at least 100 N / mm ² . However, preference is given to a material of the sliding disk, which allows a limit load capacity with continuous centric load of 120 N / mm ² . Finally, it is provided in a further advantageous manner that the material of the sliding disc allows an added Gleitweg, which corresponds to twice the value of the PTFE used for bridge bearings at a displacement speed according to EN 1337 Part 2. However, preference is given to a material of the sliding disk which permits an added sliding path which corresponds to 1.5 times the value of the PTFE used for bridge bearings at a displacement speed according to EN 1337 Part 2.

The material of the sliding disk, which meets the above requirements according to a further feature of the invention, may be formed, for example, of polyethylene (PE).

It is also conceivable in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention that the sliding disk consists of molded parts with different material components. By this it can be understood that the sliding disk has, for example, Einlagerungsanteile or elements, or that the sliding disk consists of a disc as a sliding element and an enclosing ring as a support element.

Advantageously, the sliding disk on its upper side on lubrication pockets for receiving a permanent lubricant. In order to avoid that the PE sliding disk undergoes an inadmissibly high setting after installation and thus the desired tolerances are not met, is provided in an advantageous manner that the sliding disk in the assembled Condition of the bearing is precompressed before installation in the building with the expected permanent load. In addition, settlement depressions are avoided, which lead to uneven loads on the sliding surfaces, and thus promote wear of the bearing parts. In a further advantageous manner, the setting can be reduced by reducing the material thickness. To this end, it is proposed in an advantageous manner that the thickness of the sliding disk is reduced to a predetermined by the Schmiertaschentiefe minimum and at least twice the Schmiertaschentiefe corresponds. The ungathered supernatant of the sliding disk can advantageously amount to a maximum of 50%.

The lubrication pockets may be dome-shaped and arranged such that no continuous gaps are formed in all directions. In this case, a spiral arrangement or part-circular arrangement or wave-shaped arrangement has proven to be advantageous, so that individual lubrication pockets always overlap in any direction. In this way, the installation of the sliding disk is substantially simplified, since when installing a circular sliding washer no installation direction is to be observed, while the installation of a rectangular sliding disk with rounded corners only the axial direction is taken into account.

Specifically, the unilaterally guided Linienkipp bearings are designed so that they have a fixed to a base bearing base and a fixedly connected to a track carrier bearing shell, between the bearing base and the bearing shell a sliding and tilting device is provided, in the longitudinal direction of the guideway carrier is forcibly guided in the sliding movement. In this case, the tilting unit of the unilaterally guided Linenkipp slide bearing advantageously has a lower bearing cup, a recorded in an upper recess of the bearing cup, on its upper side protruding from the bearing cup and substantially cylindrically shaped tilt strip and also a rollable on the tilting strip carrier plate, wherein the Carrier plate is guided by a bearing cup and the tilting strip centering and engaging with an upper crowned portion in a recess of the support plate pin. The pin can be advantageously held in the tilting bar and in the bearing cup by means of a press fit, while he loose with his convex end in the Recess of the support plate engages so that it leads the support plate, but allows a tilting movement.

The storage pot can be releasably connected via an adjustable screw with a lower anchor plate, the anchor plate in turn may have facilities with which it can be attached to the stand, such. B. headed bolts, which are poured into the concrete of the stand. Thus, the position of the bearing cup relative to the fixed anchor plate changeable, in particular adjustable, can be provided in an advantageous manner that the screw permits such adjustability. It may, for example, have a key arranged in a recess of the bearing cup, which is replaceable, so that the bearing is adjustable in the transverse direction.

The sliding unit can be formed in an advantageous manner by a sliding plate arranged on the underside of a sliding plate of the bearing upper part and a sliding disk which is received in a form-fitting manner in a recess on the upper side of the carrier plate and protrudes upwards in part out of the recess. The sliding plate itself can be connected, in particular screwed, with intermediate storage of components, in particular a lining plate, with an upper anchor plate, wherein the anchor plate in turn has a connecting device which is connectable to the track carrier. This may be, for example, head bolts, which are pourable into the concrete of the guideway carrier. To achieve a side guide (forced guidance in the longitudinal direction of the route), the sliding plate may comprise the support plate in Lagerquennchtung with laterally arranged flanges, which may advantageously have on their inside coated with sliding materials sliding plates. While the bearing parts are made substantially of steel, it can be advantageously provided that the rolling against each other bearing components and the sliding plates are made of stainless steel.

According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the all-side movable Linienkipp sliding bearings comprise a fixedly connected to a base bearing base, a fixedly connected to a guideway bearing upper part and a bearing between the lower part and the bearing top part arranged sliding and tilting device, which advantageously a sliding movement both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction and a Allow tilting movement in the longitudinal direction of the guideway carrier. In this case, the tilting unit may comprise a lower bearing cup, a received in an upper recess of the bearing cup, partially protruding from the bearing cup and cylindrical top formed on its lower tilting part and a rollable on the lower tilting part upper tilting part, which is mounted in a lower recess of the support plate and can be formed from this outstanding on its rolling surface corresponding to the lower tilting part. This prevents that the upper tilting part can rotate relative to the lower tilting part, can be provided in an advantageous manner that the tilting parts are secured by at least two spaced apart against rotation. This anti-rotation can z. B. in holes of the tilting fonnschlüssig engaging safety bolts. The securing bolts can be made slightly spherical, so that they ensure the tilting movement of the upper relative to the lower tilting part, but prevent rotation of the two parts against each other.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the storage pot via an adjustable fastening device, in particular a screw, be releasably connected to a lower bearing plate, which in turn itself has a fastening device, such as headed bolts, which can be poured into the concrete of the carrier.

As sliding a arranged on the underside of a sliding plate of the bearing upper part sliding plate and a recess in the top of the support plate positively received sliding disk can be provided, wherein the sliding disk can protrude partially from the recess relative to the support plate. As with the unilaterally guided Linienkipp plain bearings, the sliding plate under interim storage z. Example, a lining plate to be bolted to an upper anchor plate, which in turn may have a fastening device, in particular head bolts that can be poured into the concrete of the guideway carrier or firmly connected to the guideway carrier in another way. The mutually rolling bearing components and the sliding plate can be made of stainless steel, while the other bearing components can be made of steel in order to reduce costs.

If lifting forces are to be expected, a linear tilting bearing can advantageously be used as a fixed bearing, which can have a bearing base fixedly connected to a substructure, a bearing support fixedly connected to a bearing upper part and a bearing arranged between the bearing base and the bearing top tilting unit, which is a tilting movement in the longitudinal direction of the guideway carrier permits and prevents lifting of the bearing upper part of the bearing base. In this case, the tilting unit may advantageously comprise a fitted in concentric recesses of the bearing base and a support plate of the bearing shell fitting plate, as well as on the bearing base and the bearing shell attacking Abhebesicherungen. This lift-off can be formed by on the outside of the bearing parts by means of bolts in the tilting device movably guided brackets. The chambers can encompass flanges of the bearing shell or bearing base such that they allow a tilting movement of the two bearing parts to each other, but prevent a lift-off upward.

If, on the other hand, no lifting forces are to be expected, a point tilting bearing can advantageously be used as a fixed bearing. This bearing may have a bearing base fixedly connected to a substructure, a bearing upper part fixedly connected to a track carrier and a tilting unit arranged between the bearing base and the bearing upper part, which permits an all-sided tilting movement in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction of the guideway carrier. In this case, the tilting unit may have an upper tilting part that is fixedly connected to the upper bearing part, and a lower tilting part that is fixedly connected to the lower bearing part. The tilting parts can advantageously be formed by cylindrical caps which are guided into one another, wherein at least the inner cap is spherically shaped on its outer side, so that a tilting movement in any direction can be permitted. In contrast, a sliding movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the route as well as in the transverse direction is prevented by the fixed bearing. The caps, which are guided into one another, can advantageously consist of stainless steel, wherein the inner cap can be guided in a form-fitting manner on a cylindrical journal of the bearing lower part.

Thus, the bearings are adjustable in height, can be provided in an advantageous manner that the respective bearing base and / or the upper bearing part along slanting planes have displaceable wedge pieces which are mutually fixable at different distances. However, it is also conceivable that replaceable lining plates are provided in the bearing base and bearing shell, the z. B. can be replaced by stronger or thinner feed plates.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer sich aus mehreren Zweifeld-Fahrwegträgern zusammensetzenden Trasse und eine Einzelheit eines sich durchbiegenden Trägerendes;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung des Lagersystems eines Zweifeld-Fahrwegträgers;

Fig. 3

eine Teillängsschnittansicht durch ein einseitig geführtes Linienkipp-Gleitlager;

Fig. 4

eine Teilquerschnittansicht des Lagers nach Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

eine Teillängsschnittansicht eines allseitig bewegbaren Linienkipp-Gleitlagers;

Fig. 6

eine Teilquerschnittansicht des Lagers nach Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

eine Seitenansicht, teilweise im Längsschnitt eines Linienkipplagers zur Verwendung als Festlager zur Aufnahme von abhebenden Kräften;

Fig. 8

eine Teilquerschnittansicht durch das Lager nach Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

eine Draufsicht auf das Lager nach Fig. 7;

Fig. 10

eine Teillängsschnittansicht durch ein Punktkipplager zur Verwendung als Festlager ohne abhebende Kräfte;

Fig. 11

eine Draufsicht auf das Lager nach Fig. 10;

Fig. 12

eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Höhenverstellung eines Lagers; und

Fig. 13

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Gleitscheibe mit spiralförmig angeordneten Schmiertaschen.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a composed of several two-field guideways route and a detail of a bending beam end;

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of the storage system of a two-field guideway carrier;

Fig. 3

a partial longitudinal sectional view through a unilaterally guided Linienkipp-Gleitlager;

Fig. 4

a partial cross-sectional view of the bearing after Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 5

a partial longitudinal sectional view of an all-side movable Linienkipp-slide bearing;

Fig. 6

a partial cross-sectional view of the bearing after Fig. 5 ;

Fig. 7

a side view, partially in longitudinal section of a Linienkipplagers for use as a bearing for receiving lifting forces;

Fig. 8

a partial cross-sectional view through the camp to Fig. 7 ;

Fig. 9

a plan view of the camp after Fig. 7 ;

Fig. 10

a partial longitudinal sectional view through a Punktkipplager for use as a bearing without lifting forces;

Fig. 11

a plan view of the camp after Fig. 10 ;

Fig. 12

a schematic representation of a device for height adjustment of a bearing; and

Fig. 13

a schematic plan view of a sliding disk with spirally arranged lubrication pockets.

In the following exemplary embodiments, two-way carriers are shown as guideway carriers. It should be noted at this point, however, that the invention is also applicable to single-frame carriers, the two-field carrier and the single-carrier in conjunction with traffic not only for high-speed railways, but also for the general Road traffic both on routes and z. B. suspended or elevated bridges use.

In the Fig. 1 For example, two two-field track 2 of the route 1 of a high-speed train 3 are shown schematically, each track support 2 is supported by means of bearing units 4, 5, 6. When driving over the carrier with a high-speed train or maglev train at approximately up to 500 km / h, the respective track carrier 2 is deflected into a sinusoidal oscillation 7 about the central bearing pair 5. As a result, for example, the storage unit 4 is moved in the direction of the arrow 8 and tilted by the angle 9.

In the Fig. 2 the two-field track 2 is shown schematically in a plan view, wherein the carrier is supported by means of a bearing system of six supports on a substructure, not shown. The substructure may for example consist of a foundation or uprights, of which the central stator 10 is indicated schematically. The supports are arranged on both sides of the longitudinal center plane 11 of the guideway carrier, wherein a fixed bearing 12, two laterally arranged therefrom unilaterally guided Linienkipp sliding bearings 13, 14 and three sides movable line tilt sliding bearings 15, 16, 17 are provided.

In the Fig. 3 For example, a unilaterally guided Linienkipp slide bearing is shown in a partial longitudinal section. The direction of travel is indicated by the arrow 18. The line tilt slide bearing has a fixed to a base not shown bearing base 19, a fixedly connected to a guideway carrier 2 not shown bearing top 20 and arranged between the bearing base 19 and the bearing shell 20 sliding and tilting unit 21, in the longitudinal direction 18 of Guideway carrier is positively guided in the sliding movement. The sliding and tilting unit 20 comprises a lower tilting bearing 22 and an upper sliding bearing 23. There is provided a lower bearing cup 24, which has an upper recess 25. In this recess, a tilting strip 26 is mounted, which projects in part out of the recess 25 of the bearing cup 24 upwards and is formed zylinderfömig on its upper side. On the tilting strip 26, a support plate 27 can roll off. The support plate 27 is held by a bearing cup 24 and the tilting strip 26 centrally cross-pin 28 which is formed crowned at its upper portion and in a recess 29 of the support plate 27 engages. The pin 28 is held in the rocker bar 26 and the bearing cup 24 by means of a press fit.

The bearing cup 24 is screwed onto an anchor plate 30, wherein the screw 31 is adjustable in that it is received in a key 32 which is replaceable. Depending on the position of the holes in the key, the bearing cup 24 can be moved perpendicular to the plane.

The anchor plate 30 has on its underside head bolts 33 with which the anchor plate in the foundation or in the concrete of the support is anchored.

The sliding unit is formed by a sliding plate 35 arranged on the underside of a sliding plate 34 and a sliding disk 37 received in a form-fitting manner in a recess 36 on the upper side of the carrier plate 27. The sliding plate 34 is bolted with the intermediate storage of a lining plate 38 with an upper anchor plate 39. Also on the upper anchor plate 39 head bolts 50 are provided, with which the upper anchor plate 39 with the underside of the guideway carrier 2 can be firmly connected.

Like from the Fig. 4 can be seen, the slide plate 34 has flanges 41, 42 which engage around the support plate 27 laterally and thus ensure that a sliding movement can take place only in the direction of the arrow 18 and not transverse thereto. The flanges 41, 42 are provided on their inside with sliding plates 43, which in turn have a coating 44.

That in the Fig. 5 shown all-side movable Linienkipp slide bearing is similar to the plain bearing after Fig. 3 built up. The direction of movement or displacement direction is indicated by the arrow 45. The bearing comprises a bearing base 46, which is fixedly connected to a substructure, not shown, a bearing upper part 47 fixedly connected to a guideway support 2, not shown, and a sliding and tilting unit 48 arranged between the bearing bottom part 46 and the bearing shell part 47. This sliding and tilting unit 48 leaves one Sliding movement in both the longitudinal and in the transverse direction of the guideway carrier 2 and a tilting movement in the longitudinal direction of the guideway carrier 2 to.

In detail, the tilting unit has a lower bearing cup 49, which has a recess 50 on its upper side. In the recess there is mounted a lower tilting part 51, which is partially cylindrical in shape on its upper side, and which is connected to the lower bearing cup, e.g. is welded. On this lower tilting part 51, an upper tilting part 52 rolls, which in turn is received in a recess 53 of a support plate 54 and formed on its rolling surface corresponding to the lower tilting part 51. So that a rotation of the tilting parts 51 and 52 is avoided, at least two spaced apart and positively engaging in bores of the tilting parts securing bolt 55 are provided.

The lower bearing cup 49 is releasably connected via an adjustable screw 56 with a lower anchor plate 57. On the underside of this anchor plate 57 head bolts 58 are provided with which the anchor plate can be firmly connected to the substructure.

The sliding unit is formed by a sliding plate 60 arranged on the underside of a sliding plate 59 and a sliding disk 62 which is received in a form-fitting manner in a recess 61 on the upper side of the carrier plate 54. The sliding plate 59 is in turn bolted with the intermediate storage of a lining plate 63 with an upper anchor plate 64. On the upper anchor plate 64 head bolts 65 are provided, with which the bearing upper part with the guideway support 2, not shown, can be firmly connected. The example in the Fig. 13 schematically shown sliding disk 37, 62 has spirally arranged lubrication pockets 66 which are arranged only on their upper side and extend in such a way that no continuous channels are formed. The lubrication pockets 66 are formed dome-shaped.

That in the FIGS. 5 and 6 shown Linienkipplager is a fixed bearing and is then used as a bearing 12 when lifting forces to be absorbed. It comprises a fixedly connected to a substructure, bearing base 67, which is bolted to an anchor plate 68. The anchor plate is in turn anchored by means of corresponding head bolts as in the bearings described above on the substructure. The bearing further includes a track support via an anchor plate 69 with the not shown Track support 2 firmly connected upper bearing part 70 on. Between the lower bearing part 67 and the upper bearing part 70, a tilting unit 71 is provided, which permits a tilting movement in the longitudinal direction of the guideway carrier 2 and prevents lifting of the upper bearing part 70 from the lower bearing part 67. In this case, the tilting unit 71 advantageously in a concentric recesses 72 and 73 of the bearing base 67 and a support plate 74 of the bearing upper part 70 inserted shim 75 and on the bearing base 67 and the bearing shell 70 engaging Abhebesicherungen 76, 77. Like from the Fig. 8 is particularly clear, the Abhebesicherungen 76, 77 are formed by brackets, the flange-like projections of the bearing base 67 and the anchor plate 69 engage around and bolted to these parts, wherein the screw is chosen so that the staple-like Abhebesicherungen 76 and 77, a movement allow along the arc lines 78 and 79, respectively, to allow a tilting movement of the bearing upper part 70 relative to the bearing base 67, 68. At the same time prevent the brackets but lifting the bearing shell from the bearing base.

In the 10 and 11 On the other hand, a fixed bearing is shown which is preferably used when no lifting forces are to be absorbed. The in Fig. 10 longitudinal section shown in the direction of travel 80 can be seen that the Punktkipplager one by means of an anchor plate 81 with a base, not shown bolted bearing base 82 and a non-illustrated track support 2 fixed bearing upper part 83 has. Between the lower bearing part 82 and the bearing upper part 83, a tilting unit 84 is provided, which permits an all-round tilting movement in the longitudinal and the transverse direction of the guideway carrier 2. In detail, the bearing upper part 83 consists of a support plate 85 with laterally welded holders 86, a lining plate 87 and an anchor plate 88 with attached thereto head bolt 89 for attachment of the bearing upper part 83 to the track carrier 2, not shown.

The tilting unit 84 comprises an upper tilting part 90, which is fixedly connected to the support plate 85 of the bearing upper part 83, and a lower tilting part 91, which is fixedly connected to the bearing base 82.

Like from the 10 and 11 it can be seen, the tilting parts are formed by interpenetrated cylindrical caps, wherein at least the inner cap is spherically shaped on its outer side, so that the bearing upper part 83 relative to the bearing base 82 can perform an all-round tilting movement. The caps 90, 91 are made of stainless steel. The inner cap 91 is guided positively on a cylindrical pin 92 of the bearing base 82.

As already in connection with the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 3 described, the screw 93 allows adjustability of the bearing in the direction of arrow 80, since the threaded bolts of the screw 93 are received in holes of a key 94 which is arranged in a recess 95. By replacing the key 94 with staggered holes, the bearing can be adjusted in the direction of the arrow 80.

In a schematic way is in Fig. 12 a device for height adjustment of a bearing shown, wherein the exemplary structure of the device based on the unilaterally guided Linienkipp-plain bearing according to Fig. 3 will be shown. With the exception of the bearing base 96, the components shown correspond to the components according to Fig. 3 , The bearing base 96 has slidable planes 97 on sliding wedge pieces 98 which are held by means of spacer blocks or a spacer ring 99 at a distance from each other. If the height of the bearing to be changed, the ring 99 can be replaced by a smaller or larger ring, so that the wedge pieces toward each other or be moved away from each other.

Although this construction is shown only in connection with the bearing base, so of course it is also conceivable that a similar device is provided on the bearing upper part.

The storage height can also be adjusted by the fact that the bearing upper part and / or the bearing base is or are equipped with at least one interchangeable lining plate, and different thickness lining plates are used.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

route

2

guideway beams

3

High-speed rail

4

storage unit

5

storage unit

6

storage unit

7

sine wave

8th

shift

9

tilt angle

10

stand

11

Longitudinal center plane

12

fixed bearing

13

single-sided line tilt slide bearing

14

dito

15

all-sided movable linear tilt plain bearings

16

dito

17

dito

18

direction of travel

19

Bearing part

20

Bearing upper part

21

Sliding and tilting unit

22

rocker bearing

23

bearings

24

bearing cup

25

recess

26

Rocker ledge

27

support plate

28

spigot

29

recess

30

anchor plate

31

screw

32

Adjusting spring

33

studs

34

sliding plate

35

sliding

36

recess

37

sliding disk

38

food plate

39

upper anchor plate

40

studs

41

flange

42

dito

43

sliding

44

coating

45

displacement direction

46

Bearing part

47

Bearing upper part

48

Sliding and tilting unit

49

lower storage pot

50

recess

51

lower tipping part

52

upper tipping part

53

recess

54

support plate

55

safety bolt

56

screw

57

lower anchor plate

58

studs

59

sliding plate

60

sliding

61

recess

62

sliding disk

63

food plate

64

upper anchor plate

65

studs

66

lubrication pocket

67

Bearing part

68

anchor plate

69

anchor plate

70

Bearing upper part

71

tilting unit

72

recess

73

dito

74

support plate

75

shim

76

lift-off

77

dito

78

bow line

79

dito

80

direction of travel

81

anchor plate

82

Bearing part

83

Bearing upper part

84

tilting unit

85

support plate

86

holder

87

food plate

88

anchor plate

89

studs

90

upper tipping part

91

lower tipping part

92

cylindrical pin

93

screw

94

Adjusting spring

95

recess

96

Bearing part

97

inclined plane

98

wedge

Claims (61)

1. A bearing system for traffic ways with beam units resting on a foundation which are subjected to high, deformation speeds caused by traffic loads and wherein for each beam unit (2) several supports (4, 5, 6) are provided which allow displacements and/or rotations of the beam unit,
   wherein the bearing system comprises bearings with a sliding unit which comprises a sliding disk (37, 62) made of a sliding material,
   characterized in that
   the sliding material of the bearings is designed for a displacement speed of at least 5 mm/sec, by providing a sliding material which consists at least partly of a polyethylene and has a friction coefficient that is not exceeding twice the value of a PTFE employed for bridge bearings at a sliding speed according to EN (European Standard) 1337 Part 2.
2. The bearing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the supports (12 - 17) are arranged in pairs in longitudinal direction of the beam unit (2).
3. The bearing system according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one pair of supports (13, 15; 14, 17) is arranged in the region of each end of each beam unit (2).
4. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supports comprise linear rocker and/or point rocker sliding bearings.
5. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supports comprise at least one bearing which is a combination of a spherical bearing and a sliding bearing.
6. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one fixed bearing (12).
7. The bearing system according to claim 6, characterized in that the fixed bearing (12) is a rocker bearing.
8. The bearing system according to claim 6, characterized in that the fixed bearing (12) is a linear rocker bearing if lifting forces need to be absorbed.
9. The bearing system according to claim 6, characterized in that the fixed bearing (12) is a point rocker bearing if no lifting forces need to be absorbed.
10. The bearing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the linear rocker bearing allows a rocking motion in the longitudinal direction of the beam unit.
11. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one all-directionally displaceable linear rocker sliding bearing (15, 16, 17) is provided for each bearing axis.
12. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that at least one bearing, which is a combination of a spherical bearing and a sliding bearing, is provided for each bearing axis.
13. The bearing system according to claim 10, characterized in that the all-directionally displaceable linear rocker sliding bearings (15, 16, 17) allow a sliding motion in the longitudinal and the transverse direction and a rocking motion in the longitudinal direction of the beam unit (2).
14. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one one-directionally guided linear rocker sliding bearing (13, 14) is provided.
15. The bearing system according to claim 14, characterized in that the one-directionally guided linear rocker sliding bearing (13, 14) allows a sliding motion and a rocking motion in the longitudinal direction of the beam unit (2).
16. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4 and 14 to 15, characterized in that the one-directionally guided linear rocker sliding bearings (13, 14) are arranged in the longitudinal axis of the fixed bearing (12).
17. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is employed for a track (1) of a high speed railway, the track being composed of a multiplicity of successively arranged traffic way beams (2) resting on a foundation, in particular a track of a magnetic levitation train.
18. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the sliding material of the bearings is designed for a sliding speed of more than 10 mm/sec, in particular 15 mm/sec.
19. The bearing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the sliding disk (37, 62) has a friction coefficient that is not exceeding 1.5 times the value of a PTFE employed for bridge bearings at a sliding speed according to EN (European Standard) 1337 Part 2.
20. The bearing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the sliding disk (37, 62) allows a limit load-carrying capacity at continuous centric load of at least 100 N/mm².
21. The bearing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the sliding disk (37, 62) allows a limit load-carrying capacity at continuous centric load of 120 N/mm² _.
22. The bearing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the sliding disk (37, 62) allows a total sliding path that equals two times the value of a PTFE employed for bridge bearings at a sliding speed according to EN (European Standard) 1337 Part 2.
23. The bearing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the sliding disk (37, 62) allows a total sliding path that equals 1.5 times the value of a PTFE employed for bridge bearings at a displacement speed according to EN (European Standard) 1337 Part 2.
24. The bearing system according to any of the claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the sliding disk consists of molded parts with different material components.
25. The bearing system according to claim 24, characterized in that the sliding disk consists of a disk as sliding element and an encompassing ring as supporting element.
26. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the sliding disk (37, 62) is at its upper side provided with lubrication pockets (66) for carrying a permanent lubricant.
27. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 24 and 26, characterized in that the sliding disk (37, 62) is, in an assembled state of the bearing and before installation in the structure, pre-compressed by applying the continuous load to be expected.
28. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the thickness of the sliding disk (37, 62) is exceeding twice the depth of the lubrication pockets.
29. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the pocketless projection of the sliding disk (37, 62) does not exceed 50%.
30. The bearing system according to any of the claims 26 to 29, characterized in that the lubrication pockets (66) are dome-shaped and are arranged such that in any direction no connecting interspaces are formed.
31. The bearing system according to claim 30, characterized in that the lubrication pockets (66) are arranged spirally.
32. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a one-directionally guided linear rocker sliding bearing comprising a bottom part (19) of the bearing which can be fixedly connected to a foundation, a top part (20) of the bearing which can be fixedly connected to a traffic way beam (2), and a slide and rocker unit (21) arranged between the bottom part and the top part of the bearing, which unit is, in the longitudinal direction of the traffic way beam, guided in its sliding motion in a constrained manner.
33. The bearing system according to claim 32, characterized in that the rocker unit comprises a lower bearing pot (24), a rocker ledge (26) resting in a top cutout (25) of the bearing pot and being cylindrical on its top side, and a supporting plate which can roll on the rocker ledge, wherein the supporting plate (27) is guided by a pin (28) centrically penetrating through the bearing pot and the rocker ledge and engaging, by means of its upper spherically formed portion, into a cutout of the supporting plate.
34. The bearing system according to claim 34, characterized in that the pin (28) is retained in the rocker ledge (26) and the bearing pot (24) by press-fitting.
35. The bearing system according to claim 33, characterized in that the bearing pot (24) is removably connected to a lower anchor plate (30) by an adjustable screw connection (31).
36. The bearing system according to claim 35, characterized in that the screw connection allows an adjustability of the bearing in transverse direction by a fitted key (32) arranged in a recess of the bearing pot (24).
37. The bearing system according to claim 33, characterized in that the slide unit (23) is formed of a sliding metal sheet (35) arranged at the bottom side of a sliding plate (34) of the top part of the bearing and a sliding disk (37) accommodated in a form-fitting manner in a recess (36) on the top side of the supporting plate (27).
38. The bearing system according to claim 37, characterized in that the sliding plate (34) is screwed, with interposition of a backing plate (38), to the upper anchor plate (39).
39. The bearing system according to claim 38, characterized in that the upper anchor plate (39) is fixedly connected to a traffic way beam.
40. The bearing system according to claim 37, characterized in that the sliding plate comprises flanges (41, 42) encompassing the supporting plate (27) in transverse direction of the bearing, which flanges ensure the constrained guiding of the sliding motion in longitudinal direction of the bearing.
41. The bearing system according to claim 40, characterized in that the flanges, at their inner sides, comprise sliding metal sheets (43) coated with sliding materials (44).
42. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims 32 to 41, characterized in that the bearing components, which can roll on one another, and the sliding metal sheets are made of high-grade steel.
43. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises an all-directionally displaceable linear rocker sliding bearing comprising a bottom part (46) of the bearing which can be fixedly connected to a foundation, a top part (47) of the bearing which can be fixedly connected to a traffic way beam (2), and a slide and rocker unit (48) arranged between the bottom part and the top part of the bearing, which unit allows a sliding motion both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction as well as a rocking motion in the longitudinal direction of the traffic way beam.
44. The bearing system according to claim 43, characterized in that the rocker unit comprises a lower bearing pot (49), a lower rocker part (51) which is accommodated in an top cutout (50) of the bearing pot (2) and whose top side is formed like a part of a cylinder, and an upper rocker part (52) which can roll on the lower rocker part, is supported in a bottom cutout (53) of a supporting plate (54), and whose rolling surface is formed as a correspondent to the lower rocker part (51).
45. The bearing system according to any of the claims 43 and 44, characterized in that the rocker parts (51, 52) are provided with an anti-twist protection, in particular by means of at least two anti-twist locking pins (55) that are spaced from each other and are engaging in bores of the rocker parts in a form-fitting manner.
46. The bearing system according to claim 44, characterized in that the bearing pot (49) is removably connected to a lower anchor plate (57) by a connecting means, in particular by an adjustable screw connection (56).
47. The bearing system according to claim 43, characterized in that the sliding unit is formed of a sliding metal sheet (60) which is arranged on the bottom side of a sliding plate (59) of the top part of the bearing and a sliding disk (62) which is accommodated in a cutout (61) at the top side of the supporting plate in a form-fitting manner.
48. The bearing system according to claim 47, characterized in that the sliding plate (59) is, with interposition of a backing plate (63), fixedly connected to an upper anchor plate, in particular by a screw connection.
49. The bearing system according to claim 48, characterized in that the upper anchor plate (64) can be fixedly connected to a traffic way beam (2).
50. The bearing system according to any of the preceding claims 32 to 49, characterized in that the bearing components (51, 52), which can roll on one another, and the sliding metal sheet (60) are made of high-grade steel.
51. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a linear rocker bearing for use as fixed bearing for absorbing lifting forces, the bearing comprising a bottom part (67) of the bearing which can be fixedly connected to a foundation, a top part (70) of the bearing which can be fixedly connected to a traffic way beam, and a rocker unit (71) arranged between the bottom part (67) and the top part (70) of the bearing, which unit allows a rocking motion in the longitudinal direction of the traffic way beam (2) and prevents that the upper part (70) of the bearing is lifted off the lower part (67) of the bearing.
52. The bearing system according to claim 51, characterized in that the rocker unit (71) comprises a dowel plate (57), which is fitted in concentric cutouts (72, 73) of the lower part (67) of the bearing and of a supporting plate (74) of the upper part (70) of the bearing, and lift locks (76, 77) which engage to the lower part (67) of the bearing and the upper part (70) of the bearing.
53. The bearing system according to claim 52, characterized in that the lift locks (76, 77) are formed of cramps that are in rocking direction movably guided on the outer face of the bearing parts by screw bolds.
54. The bearing system according to any of the claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a point rocker bearing for use as fixed bearing without presence of lifting forces which comprises a bottom part (82) of the bearing which can be fixedly connected to a foundation, a top part (83) of the bearing which can be fixedly connected to a traffic way beam (2), and a rocker unit (84) arranged between the bottom part and the top part of the bearing, which unit allows an all-directional rocking motion in the longitudinal and the transverse direction of the traffic way beam (2).
55. The bearing system according to claim 54, characterized in that the rocker unit (84) comprises an upper rocker part (90) fixedly connected to the upper part (83) of the bearing and a lower rocker part (91) fixedly connected to the lower part (82) of the bearing.
56. The bearing system according to claim 55, characterized in that the rocker parts (90, 91) are formed of cylindrical caps which are guided in each other, wherein at least the inner cap is convexly formed on its outer face.
57. The bearing system according to claim 56, characterized in that the caps (90, 91) are made of high-grade steel.
58. The bearing system according to claim 57, characterized in that the inner cap (91) is guided on a cylindrical pin (92) of the lower part (82) of the bearing in a form fitting manner.
59. The bearing system according to any of the claims 30, 41, 49 and 52, characterized in that it comprises at least one bearing having a means for vertical adjustment of the bearing, in which the lower part (96) of the bearing and/or the upper part of the bearing comprises wedge-shaped pieces which can be displaced along inclined planes and can be fixed with different spacings between each other.
60. The bearing system according to claim 59, characterized in that the distance between the wedge-shaped pieces is kept by spacer blocks (99).
61. The bearing system according to any of the claims 32, 43, 51 and 54, characterized in that it comprises at least one bearing having a means for vertical adjustment of the bearing, in which the upper part of the bearing and/or the lower part of the bearing are provided with at least one exchangeable backing plate.

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