EP1394495B1 - Apparatus for fighting against targets - Google Patents
Apparatus for fighting against targets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1394495B1 EP1394495B1 EP03014218A EP03014218A EP1394495B1 EP 1394495 B1 EP1394495 B1 EP 1394495B1 EP 03014218 A EP03014218 A EP 03014218A EP 03014218 A EP03014218 A EP 03014218A EP 1394495 B1 EP1394495 B1 EP 1394495B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- target
- sensor
- missile
- search head
- acoustic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G5/00—Elevating or traversing control systems for guns
- F41G5/12—Elevating or traversing control systems for guns acoustically influenced
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G5/00—Elevating or traversing control systems for guns
- F41G5/08—Ground-based tracking-systems for aerial targets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/2253—Passive homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and do not requiring an active illumination of the target
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/2273—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves
- F41G7/2293—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for controlling targets within a area to be monitored with a terrestrial directional launcher, a target detection device connected to the launcher and at least one shootable from the launcher Missiles.
- From DE 31 40 728 C2 is known, for example, to combat An accurate determination of the destination by a combination of tanks make passive and active sensors.
- passive ones Sensors e.g., acoustic sensors
- the active sensors for determining the target speed. From the Changing the target direction and the target speed can then be the trajectory of the target and thus also the firing time of the missile be determined.
- the invention is based on the object, a device of the above specify the type mentioned, which is simple and inexpensive, a short Has reaction time and their launcher and target detection device by the use of appropriate sensors is not locatable.
- the invention is based essentially on the idea that the device a target detection device comprising exclusively passive sensors used and the only the direction, but not the trajectory of the target to be attacked before the missile launches determined, and that the missile of the device has a seeker that after Launch of the missile in targeting direction (for example by means of an infrared sensor) autonomously seeks the destination and then destroys it.
- a locatable connection between the Missile and the launcher or the target detection device does not exist during the flight phase of the missile.
- the device according to the invention has the advantage that they are relatively small autonomous unit e.g. manually within an area to be monitored is installable and monitors the corresponding room area for a long time.
- the device is equipped with e.g. acoustic alarm sensor provided.
- the Target detection device then performs a permanent frequency analysis of received acoustic signals. Once the acoustic frequency spectrum indicates a target to be attacked, the direction sensor is activated and the Bearing angle to the target determined.
- the launcher is in the direction of bearing and the missile (e.g., a "stinger" missile) is launched. Of the Infrared sensor of the rocket then seeks a heat source (target) in the through the acoustic bearing certain space segment, and the rocket is using a corresponding steering device guided in the target.
- the acoustic Bearing sensor at least four microphones, each at the vertices of a Tetrahedrons are arranged.
- the wake-up sensor is one of the microphones of the Peilsensors.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 denotes a device according to the invention for controlling of helicopters 2 within a given space to be monitored designated.
- the device 1 consists of a housing 3 in which both a Energy supply unit and an electronic evaluation device 4 a target detection device 5 is housed (see also Fig.3).
- a straightening system 6 adjoins the housing 3, by means of which a launcher 7 can be directed in azimuth and elevation.
- three legs 8 are arranged laterally, which are located on the Support ground 9 and where three microphones 10 of an acoustic Bearing sensor 11 are attached.
- a fourth microphone 10 of the acoustic directional sensor 11 is arranged on the straightener 6, so that the four microphones 10 of the Bearing sensor 11 form the vertices of a tetrahedron. All 10 microphones Peilsensors 11 are via electrical lines 12 with the electronic Evaluation device 4 connected. This contains a microprocessor 13.
- At least one missile 14 is arranged, which with a homing IR seeker 15 and a not shown Is provided steering device.
- the device 1 After setting up the device 1, this is eirgeschaitet. After that is the device 1 first in a so-called. Lauschmodus, i. it is only one acoustic wake-up circuit connected to only one of the microphones 10, activated.
- the electronic evaluation device 4 permanently performs a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of each measured by the microphone 10 acoustic signal through. Once the frequency spectrum of the acoustic Signature of a helicopter is similar, the target detection device in the so-called DF mode offset.
- FFT fast Fourier transform
- the launcher 7 in azimuth and Elevation directed by the straightening system 6 such that the missile 14 in Direction of the acoustic bearing shows.
- the IR sensor of the Seeker head 15 of the missile 14 cooled to operating temperature and a Friend-enemy identification queried and shot down the missile 14 in an enemy case.
- the missile 14 is accelerated to supersonic speed and the IR seeker head 15 seeks a target (heat source) in the space segment that passes through the acoustic bearing was determined. After detection of the goal 2 becomes the Missile 14 guided by means of IR seeker head 15 and steering device to the target.
- a target heat source
- the invention is not limited to the one described above Embodiment limited. So it may be at the seeker of the Missile also act around a radar seeker head.
- the missile is fired only when the seeker already before the launch of the missile, the target in the by the acoustic bearing has detected defined spatial segment.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Zielen innerhalb eines zu überwachenden Bereiches mit einer erdgebundenen richtbaren Abschußeinrichtung, einer mit der Abschußeinrichtung verbundenen Zielerfassungseinrichtung und mindestens einem aus der Abschußeinrichtung verschießbaren Flugkörper.The invention relates to a device for controlling targets within a area to be monitored with a terrestrial directional launcher, a target detection device connected to the launcher and at least one shootable from the launcher Missiles.
Aus der DE 31 40 728 C2 ist beispielsweise bekannt, zur Bekämpfung von Panzern eine genaue Ermittlung des Zielortes durch eine Kombination von passiven und aktiven Sensoren vorzunehmen. Dabei dienen die passiven Sensoren (z.B. akustische Sensoren) zur Ermittlung der jeweiligen Zielrichtung und die aktiven Sensoren zur Bestimmung der Zielgeschwindigkeit. Aus der Änderung der Zielrichtung und der Zielgeschwindigkeit kann dann die Bewegungsbahn des Zieles und damit auch der Abfeuerzeitpunkt des Flugkörpers ermittelt werden.From DE 31 40 728 C2 is known, for example, to combat An accurate determination of the destination by a combination of tanks make passive and active sensors. Here serve the passive ones Sensors (e.g., acoustic sensors) for determining the respective target direction and the active sensors for determining the target speed. From the Changing the target direction and the target speed can then be the trajectory of the target and thus also the firing time of the missile be determined.
Nachteilig ist bei diesen bekannten Vorrichtungen unter anderem, daß für die Bahnermittlung des Zieles und das anschließende Richten der Abschußeinrichtung des Flugkörpers relativ viel Zeit benötigt wird, so daß die Reaktionszeit der Vorrichtung vom Empfang der akustischen zielcharakteristischen Signale bis zum Abfeuern des Flugkörpers für die Bekämpfung sehr schneller Ziele, etwa von Hubschraubern, zu lang ist. Außerdem besteht durch die Verwendung der aktiven Sensoren der Zielerfassungseinrichtung die Gefahr, daß der Gegner die bodengebundene Abschußeinrichtung orten und zerstören kann. A disadvantage of these known devices, inter alia, that for the Path determination of the target and the subsequent judging of the launcher the missile takes a relatively long time, so that the reaction time of Device from the reception of the acoustic target-characteristic signals to the Firing the missile for fighting very fast targets, such as from Helicopters, too long. It also exists through the use of the active Sensors of the target detection device the risk that the opponent ground-based Launcher can destroy and destroy.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art anzugeben, die einfach und kostengünstig aufgebaut ist, eine kurze Reaktionszeit besitzt und deren Abschuß- und Zielerfassungseinrichtung durch die Verwendung entsprechender Sensoren nicht ortbar ist.The invention is based on the object, a device of the above specify the type mentioned, which is simple and inexpensive, a short Has reaction time and their launcher and target detection device by the use of appropriate sensors is not locatable.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere, besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung offenbaren die Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 solved. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention reveal the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung beruht im wesentlichen auf dem Gedanken, daß die Vorrichtung eine Zielerfassungseinrichtung umfaßt, die ausschließlich passive Sensoren verwendet und die lediglich die Zielrichtung, nicht aber die Bewegungsbahn des zu bekämpfenden Zieles vor dem Abschuß des zugeordneten Flugkörpers ermittelt, und daß der Flugkörper der Vorrichtung einen Suchkopf besitzt, der nach Abschuß des Flugkörpers in Zielrichtung (z.B. mittels eines Infrarot-Sensors) autonom das Ziel sucht und dann zerstört. Eine ortbare Verbindung zwischen dem Flugkörper und der Abschußvorrichtung bzw. der Zielerfassungseinrichtung besteht während der Flugphase des Flugkörpers nicht.The invention is based essentially on the idea that the device a target detection device comprising exclusively passive sensors used and the only the direction, but not the trajectory of the target to be attacked before the missile launches determined, and that the missile of the device has a seeker that after Launch of the missile in targeting direction (for example by means of an infrared sensor) autonomously seeks the destination and then destroys it. A locatable connection between the Missile and the launcher or the target detection device does not exist during the flight phase of the missile.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist den Vorteil auf, daß sie als relativ kleine autonome Einheit z.B. manuell innerhalb eines zu überwachenden Gebietes installierbar ist und den entsprechenden Raumbereich für längere Zeit überwacht. Hierzu ist die Vorrichtung mit einem z.B. akustischen Wecksensor versehen. Die Zielerfassungseinrichtung führt dann eine permanente Frequenzanalyse der empfangenen akustischen Signale durch. Sobald das akustische Frequenzspektrum auf ein zu bekämpfendes Ziel hindeutet, wird der Peilsensor aktiviert und der Peilwinkel zum Ziel ermittelt. Die Abschußeinrichtung wird in Peilrichtung ausgerichtet und der Flugkörper (z.B. eine "Stinger"-Rakete) abgeschossen. Der Infrarot-Sensor der Rakete sucht dann eine Wärmequelle (Ziel) in dem durch die akustische Peilung bestimmten Raumsegment, und die Rakete wird mittels einer entsprechenden Lenkeinrichtung in das Ziel geführt.The device according to the invention has the advantage that they are relatively small autonomous unit e.g. manually within an area to be monitored is installable and monitors the corresponding room area for a long time. For this, the device is equipped with e.g. acoustic alarm sensor provided. The Target detection device then performs a permanent frequency analysis of received acoustic signals. Once the acoustic frequency spectrum indicates a target to be attacked, the direction sensor is activated and the Bearing angle to the target determined. The launcher is in the direction of bearing and the missile (e.g., a "stinger" missile) is launched. Of the Infrared sensor of the rocket then seeks a heat source (target) in the through the acoustic bearing certain space segment, and the rocket is using a corresponding steering device guided in the target.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfaßt der akustische Peilsensor mindestens vier Mikrophone, welche jeweils an den Eckpunkten eines Tetraeders angeordnet sind.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises the acoustic Bearing sensor at least four microphones, each at the vertices of a Tetrahedrons are arranged.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem Wecksensor um eines der Mikrophone des Peilsensors.Preferably, the wake-up sensor is one of the microphones of the Peilsensors.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den folgenden
anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigen:
In den Fig.1 und 2 ist mit 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung
von Hubschraubern 2 innerhalb eines vorgebenen zu überwachenden Raumes
bezeichnet. Die Vorrichtung 1 besteht aus einem Gehäuse 3, in dem sowohl eine
Energieversorgungseinheit als auch eine elektronische Auswerteeinrichtung 4
einer Zielerfassungseinrichtung 5 untergebracht ist (vgl. auch Fig.3).In FIGS. 1 and 2, 1 denotes a device according to the invention for controlling
of
Oberseitig schließt sich an das Gehäuse 3 eine Richtanlage 6 an, mittels welcher
eine Abschußeinrichtung 7 in Azimut und Elevation gerichtet werden kann.On the upper side, a straightening
An dem Gehäuse 3 sind seitlich drei Beine 8 angeordnet, welche sich an dem
Erdboden 9 abstützen und an denen drei Mikrophone 10 eines akustischen
Peilsensors 11 befestigt sind. Ein viertes Mikrophon 10 des akustischen Peilsensors
11 ist an der Richtanlage 6 angeordnet, so daß die vier Mikrophone 10 des
Peilsensors 11 die Eckpunkte eines Tetraeders bilden. Alle Mikrophone 10 des
Peilsensors 11 sind über elektrische Leitungen 12 mit der elektronischen
Auswerteeinrichtung 4 verbunden. Diese enthält einen Mikroprozessor 13. On the
In der Abschußeinrichtung 7 ist mindestens ein Flugkörper 14 angeordnet,
welcher mit einem zielsuchenden IR-Suchkopf 15 und einer nicht dargestellten
Lenkeinrichtung versehen ist.In the
Nachfolgend wird auf die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eingegangen.The following will discuss the operation of the device according to the invention received.
Nach dem Aufstellen der Vorrichtung 1 wird diese eirgeschaitet. Danach befindet
sich die Vorrichtung 1 zunächst in einem sog. Lauschmodus, d.h. es ist nur eine
akustische Weckschaltung, die mit nur einem der Mikrophone 10 verbunden ist,
aktiviert. Die elektronische Auswerteeinrichtung 4 führt permanent eine Fast
Fourier Transformation (FFT) des jeweils von dem Mikrophon 10 gemessenen
akustischen Signales durch. Sobald das Frequenzspektrum der akustischen
Signatur eines Hubschraubers ähnelt, wird die Zielerfassungseinrichtung in den
sog. Peilmodus versetzt.After setting up the device 1, this is eirgeschaitet. After that is
the device 1 first in a so-called. Lauschmodus, i. it is only one
acoustic wake-up circuit connected to only one of the
Im Peilmodus sind alle vier Mikrophone 10 aktiviert und die elektronische
Auswerteeinrichtung 4 bestimmt die räumliche Richtung zum Ziel 2. Hierzu
werden die von dem Ziel 2 kommenden akustischen Signale von den Mikrophonen
10 zeitversetzt gemessen. Aus dieser Phasenverschiebung wird dann mittels
des Mikroprozessors 13 die räumliche Richtung des Zieles 2 bestimmt.In Peilmodus all four
Sobald die Peilung stabil und das Frequenzspektrum als die akustische Signatur
eines Hubschraubers identifiziert ist, wird die Abschußeinrichtung 7 in Azimut und
Elevation mittels der Richtanlage 6 derart gerichtet, daß der Flugkörper 14 in
Richtung der akustischen Peilung zeigt. Gleichzeitig wird der IR-Sensor des
Suchkopfes 15 des Flugkörpers 14 auf Betriebstemperatur gekühlt und eine
Freund-Feind Kennung abgefragt und im Feindfall der Flugkörper 14 abgeschossen.Once the bearing is stable and the frequency spectrum as the acoustic signature
a helicopter is identified, the
Der Flugkörper 14 wird auf Überschallgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt und der IR-Suchkopf
15 sucht ein Ziel (Wärmequelle) in dem Raumsegment, das durch die
akustische Peilung bestimmt wurde. Nach Erfassung des Zieles 2 wird der
Flugkörper 14 mittels IR-Suchkopf 15 und Lenkeinrichtung ins Ziel geführt.The
Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf das vorstehend beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. So kann es sich bei dem Suchkopf des Flugkörpers auch um einen Radar-Suchkopf handeln.Of course, the invention is not limited to the one described above Embodiment limited. So it may be at the seeker of the Missile also act around a radar seeker head.
Im Falle der Verwendung eines passiven IR-Suchkopfes kann außerdem vorgesehen sein, daß der Flugkörper erst abgeschossen wird, wenn der Suchkopf bereits vor Abschuß des Flugkörpers das Ziel in dem durch die akustische Peilung definierten Raumsegment detektiert hat. In case of using a passive IR seeker head can also be provided that the missile is fired only when the seeker already before the launch of the missile, the target in the by the acoustic bearing has detected defined spatial segment.
- 11
- Vorrichtungcontraption
- 22
- Ziel, HubschrauberTarget, helicopter
- 33
- Gehäusecasing
- 44
- (elektronische) Auswerteeinrichtung(electronic) evaluation device
- 55
- ZielerfassungseinrichtungTarget detection device
- 66
- Richtanlagestraightening plant
- 77
- Abschußeinrichtunglauncher
- 88th
- Beinleg
- 99
- Erdbodenground
- 1010
- Sensor, Mikrophon, WecksensorSensor, microphone, wake-up sensor
- 1111
- Peilsensorbearing sensor
- 1212
- elektrische Leitungelectrical line
- 1313
- Mikroprozessormicroprocessor
- 1414
- Flugkörpermissile
- 1515
- Suchkopfseeker
Claims (6)
- Apparatus for attacking targets (2) within an area to be monitored, having a firing device (7), which is ground-based and can be aimed, having a target detection device (5) which is connected to the firing device (7), and having at least one missile (14) which can be fired from the firing device (7), having the following features:a) the missile (14) has a target-seeking search head (15);b) the target detection device (5) has an electronic evaluation device (4), a passive, acoustic wake-up sensor (10) which is connected to the evaluation device (4), and a passive acoustic direction-finding sensor (11), which is connected to the evaluation apparatus (4), for determination of the target direction;c) the individual assemblies of the apparatus (1) are operatively connected to one another in such a way that the electronic evaluation device (4) activates the direction-finding sensor (11) by means of the wake-up sensor (10) after receiving signals which are characteristic of a target, determines signal values for alignment of the firing device in the target direction, and drives the appropriate control drives for the aiming system (6) for the firing device (7), and in that the missile (14) is then fired in the target direction, and locates the target autonomously using its search head (15).
- Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the acoustic direction-finding sensor (11) has at least four microphones (10), which are each arranged at the corners of a tetrahedron.
- Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wake-up sensor (10) is one of the microphones of the direction-finding sensor (11).
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electronic evaluation device (4) is a microprocessor (13) for carrying out a Fourier analysis of the measured sound signals from the wake-up sensor (10), and in that these signal values are compared with signal values which are characteristic of the target (2) and are stored in the evaluation device (4).
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the search head (15) of the missile (14) is an infrared search head with a passive infrared sensor.
- Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the search head (15) of the missile (14) is a radar search head.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10240314A DE10240314A1 (en) | 2002-08-31 | 2002-08-31 | Target combat device |
DE10240314 | 2002-08-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1394495A1 EP1394495A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
EP1394495B1 true EP1394495B1 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
Family
ID=27675207
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03014218A Expired - Fee Related EP1394495B1 (en) | 2002-08-31 | 2003-06-25 | Apparatus for fighting against targets |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1394495B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2437374C (en) |
DE (2) | DE10240314A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL157599A0 (en) |
NO (1) | NO327291B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL228789A (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2016-03-31 | Israel Aerospace Ind Ltd | Missile system including ads-b receiver |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2678060B1 (en) * | 1976-08-03 | 1994-05-20 | Etat Francais Delegue Armement | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SELECTIVE FIRE OF HORIZONTAL ACTION WEAPON. |
DE3140728C2 (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1985-02-07 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Device for combating targets, such as tanks or the like. |
FR2728676B1 (en) * | 1982-05-11 | 1997-03-21 | France Etat | HORIZONTAL-ACTION PYROTECHNIC CHARGE FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM |
DE3840732A1 (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-06-07 | Krupp Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | WAKE-UP DEVICE RESPECTING CHAIN VEHICLES |
FR2641872B1 (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1991-10-11 | Clausin Jacques | SYSTEM FOR LOCATING HIDDEN HELICOPTERS BEHIND A PLANT SCREEN |
DE19906970C2 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2003-03-27 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | reconnaissance probe |
-
2002
- 2002-08-31 DE DE10240314A patent/DE10240314A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-06-25 DE DE50301073T patent/DE50301073D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-25 EP EP03014218A patent/EP1394495B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-27 NO NO20032967A patent/NO327291B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-14 CA CA2437374A patent/CA2437374C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-26 IL IL15759903A patent/IL157599A0/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1394495A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
NO20032967D0 (en) | 2003-06-27 |
CA2437374C (en) | 2010-10-19 |
CA2437374A1 (en) | 2004-02-29 |
DE50301073D1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
IL157599A0 (en) | 2004-03-28 |
NO327291B1 (en) | 2009-06-02 |
DE10240314A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
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