EP1393429A1 - Machine electrique - Google Patents

Machine electrique

Info

Publication number
EP1393429A1
EP1393429A1 EP02733673A EP02733673A EP1393429A1 EP 1393429 A1 EP1393429 A1 EP 1393429A1 EP 02733673 A EP02733673 A EP 02733673A EP 02733673 A EP02733673 A EP 02733673A EP 1393429 A1 EP1393429 A1 EP 1393429A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flux
magnetic flux
elements
electrical machine
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02733673A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Swedish (sv)
Inventor
Gunnar Russberg
Mikael Dahlgren
Stefan Johansson
Bengt Rothman
Daniel WÄPPLING
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0101644A external-priority patent/SE0101644L/xx
Priority claimed from SE0101640A external-priority patent/SE0101640L/xx
Priority claimed from SE0101639A external-priority patent/SE0101639L/xx
Priority claimed from SE0101643A external-priority patent/SE0101643L/xx
Application filed by ABB AB filed Critical ABB AB
Publication of EP1393429A1 publication Critical patent/EP1393429A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
    • H02K37/10—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type
    • H02K37/12—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/06—Rolling motors, i.e. motors having the rotor axis parallel to the stator axis and following a circular path as the rotor rolls around the inside or outside of the stator ; Nutating motors, i.e. having the rotor axis parallel to the stator axis inclined with respect to the stator axis and performing a nutational movement as the rotor rolls on the stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical machine comprising a first magnetic core provided with winding, and at least one flux-generating device, the latter comprising at least two flux-generating variable magnetic flux elements.
  • the flux elements are arranged to vary the flux locally in such a way that, seen from a fixed point in the flux-generating device, the local flux variation can be described by a flux vector describing that moves in substantially one plane.
  • the present application also relates to a method and a device for controlling magnetic flux in such an electrical machine.
  • a machine where it is desirable to increase the frequency may be a generator for a wind power plant.
  • a conventional wind-driven generator may, for instance, comprise a transmission box which increases the rotational speed of the wind turbine in order to drive a standard generator for producing a low-voltage alternating current.
  • step-motor applications a strong motor is desired, with precise control of the position of the motor.
  • Today's step-motors can only manage some tens of Nm.
  • Another problem is that the precision is not sufficiently exact and many applications require exact positioning of the motor with the aid of sensors and feedback.
  • Monophase generators can be used for direct operation for track feeding.
  • Today's generators require a complicated rotor design to enable them to generate singe phase for the tracking supply.
  • the generally low frequency used for track supply is another complicating factor.
  • In electrical machines it is important to control the flux of the machine in order to obtain an optimal torque and to minimize stray flux and thus losses. If the flux-generating elements of the machine are provided with permanent magnets it is extremely important to make optimal use of the active flux of the magnets.
  • Patent specification WO 0006 5708 shows an electric generator having a number of separate electrical machines permanently mounted along its periphery. Purely electromagnetically these machines constitute a number of separate, smaller generators with a local flux around each. The machine obtains no common global flux from the smaller generators.
  • Patent specification SU 1676013 shows an electrical machine in which a number of screening pole motors are placed along the periphery of the machine. The motors are not connected with each other. Each individual motor is provided with a core and a winding. The flux induced in each motor contributes to a total flux directed along the periphery.
  • Patent specification BE 870 395 shows an electric generator.
  • This generator comprises an outer non-magnetic core provided with a winding and a plurality of internal rotors provided with permanent magnets.
  • the excitation directions of the permanent magnets are kept constant in relation to the direction of the field from the winding and the excitation direction is thus kept constant in relation to the magnetic axis of said winding.
  • the field direction is always constant in relation to the physical direction of the winding.
  • the described functionality of the device shown can be called in question since the alleged torque transmitting force is probably counteracted by an equivalent reaction force fed back via the magnetic field.
  • a known concept is the Hallbach cylinder which is used primarily for flux concentration of magnetic fields in air.
  • Embodiments of the Hallbach cylinder also exist in which the flux concentration pulses along a specific axis.
  • Patent specification FR 22118675 shows a type of motor consisting of a number of motors connected together in a ring to form an arrangement with a single "output shaft".
  • This motor is described as having rotors that generate a toroid-shaped substantially pulsing flux.
  • Each rotor generates a flux that cooperates with the nearest rotor between which a winding is placed.
  • the common flux is connected through all rotors included in the machine.
  • a multiphase machine of this design requires several toroid-shaped fluxes not combined, which are axially separated from each other.
  • the invention in accordance with the present application relates to providing a compact and flexible electrical machine for a broad power range, which solves the problems mentioned above, and to providing a flux-conducting element that conducts and controls the flux in machines of the type mentioned above with a view to improving the flux image and thus utilizing the machine flux better.
  • the present application relates to a compact electrical machine with great flexibility as regards the frequency at which alternating current is generated or consumed. Furthermore the invention enables provision of an electrical machine in which the reluctance of the flux-generating flux elements in the machine are varied regularly during operation. This variation in reluctance is utilized to exactly control the movement and positioning of the flux-generating device, thereby offering considerable advantages in many applications, such as step-motor operation.
  • the construction described in the present application also allows movement of the flux-generating device of the machine in at least two different types of movement, thereby giving a flexible machine with more grades of freedom than conventional machines. This offers entirely new possibilities for designing electromagnetic machines.
  • the present application also relates to a method and a device for controlling magnetic flux in such an electrical machine.
  • One of the objects is to obtain as large an active flux as possible per time unit from each magnetic flux- generating element. A more uniform reluctance is also obtained over a certain period.
  • the method improves the curve shape of the flux and gives more uniform operation with fewer torque pulsations and stray fluxes, and thus higher efficiency.
  • the number of states of equilibrium per revolution is doubled in a rotating magnetic flux-generating element.
  • the number of poles in the machine is determined by the relative angular difference between the magnetic axes of the flux elements.
  • the global travelling flux is at least bipolar.
  • the machine comprises several cores. In another preferred embodiment more than one core is provided with a winding.
  • said flux elements are arranged between the first and the second cores. In another preferred embodiment said flux elements are arranged to take up forces in several directions. In a preferred embodiment said flux elements are arranged to rotate in a local rotary movement about their axes of rotation with the same or different directions of rotation. The individual angular velocity of the flux elements in this local rotary movement may be the same or different.
  • the machine comprises means for movement of said flux elements, the axes of rotation of the flux elements following a global rotary movement about said machine shaft.
  • This means for movement may be a toothed wheel, for instance.
  • each flux element in its local rotation obtains varying angular velocity. This feature can be exploited when the machine is operating as either motor or generator.
  • the angular velocity of each flux element will be highest when the flux element passes a pole which gives a higher flux alteration per time unit.
  • a more or less pulse-shaped voltage with increased peak value is obtained for a generator.
  • the axes of rotation of the flux elements are peripherally displaced in relation to each other.
  • the flux elements comprise permanent magnets.
  • the permanent magnets may be made of one of the following materials: Steel, AINiCo, Ba, Sr-ferrites, Sm(Fe,Co), SmCo, SmFeN, NdFeB and nanocomposite permanent magnets.
  • the flux elements in the machine are excited asynchronously.
  • each of the flux elements is provided with a squirrel cage winding.
  • the magnetic flux elements may comprise field windings or may be made of soft magnetic material.
  • the machine also comprises means for varying the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux mechanically or magnetically.
  • the magnetic flux elements are arranged so that their time variations are correlated.
  • the excitation directions of the flux elements may be varied around the periphery of the machine.
  • the machine may be either monophase or multiphase.
  • the invention can be used as step-motor. This construction gives considerably stronger step-motors than those in current use which can only manage some tens of Nm.
  • the design of the motor is optimized to obtain a high starting torque.
  • a step-motor in accordance with the present invention can be used in applications that currently require a large motor with analogue feedback control.
  • An advantage with a step-motor in accordance with the present invention is that it does not necessarily consume power in stationary loaded position as conventional step-motors do for the most part.
  • the invention described in the present application provides step-motors having great precision in all sizes.
  • the machine comprises several cores.
  • One or more cores are arranged to rotate in one embodiment.
  • more than one core is provided with a winding.
  • said flux elements are arranged between the first and the second cores.
  • the excitation directions of the flux elements may be varied around the periphery of the machine.
  • the flux elements can transmit movement and/or absorb forces in several directions, such as a radially directed force.
  • the present invention relates to at least one electrical machine comprising a magnetic core as well as at least one winding and at least one machine shaft.
  • the rotor of the machine comprises at least one or more magnetic flux elements arranged radially displaced in relation to said machine shaft.
  • the flux elements are connected to said machine shaft.
  • the flux elements generate a substantially axially directed flux in said core.
  • Said flux elements are arranged to rotate in a local rotary movement about their axes of rotation with the same or different directions of rotation. The individual angular velocity and direction of rotation of the flux elements in this local rotary movement may be the same or different.
  • the core of the machine is arranged so that the machine flux is connected via the flux elements.
  • the machine comprises means for movement of said flux elements such that the axes of rotation of the flux elements follow a global rotary movement about said machine shaft.
  • This means for movement may be a toothed transmission gear, for instance.
  • said winding is circular and is placed in the core.
  • the winding surrounds the axis of rotation of the machine in another embodiment.
  • the machine core is shaped as a cylinder with a peripheral groove. The winding and the magnetic flux elements may be arranged in this groove.
  • the core may, in a preferred embodiment, comprise a first and a second cylinder which are placed concentrically in relation to each other.
  • the winding is arranged between the first and second cylinders of the core.
  • the flux in the machine is connected via flux elements placed between the cylinders of the core.
  • the axis of rotation of the rotor coincides with that of the machine shaft.
  • the core is arranged coaxially in relation to the rotor.
  • machine core is divided into magnetically separated circuits.
  • core is sectioned into circle sectors.
  • the flux elements can transmit movement and/or absorb forces in several directions, e.g. a radially directed force.
  • the axes of rotation of the magnetic flux elements are peripherally displaced in relation to each other.
  • the flux elements comprise permanent magnets.
  • the permanent magnets may, for instance, be made of one of the following materials: Steel, AINiCo, Ba, Sr-ferrites, Sm(Fe,Co), SmCo, SmFeN, NdFeB and nanocomposite permanent magnets.
  • each of the flux elements in the machine are excited asynchronously.
  • each of the flux elements is provided with a squirrel cage winding.
  • the flux elements may comprise field windings or may be made of soft magnetic material.
  • the machine also comprises means for varying the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux mechanically or magnetically.
  • the application also relates to a method and a device for controlling magnetic flux in an electrical machine.
  • the invention is particularly intended for use in electrical machines comprising a flux-generating device with at least two rotating magnetic flux-generating elements.
  • the flux from said magnetic flux- generating elements is superposed to a resultant global flux for the machine.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to obtain as large an active flux as possible per time unit from each magnetic flux-generating element. A more uniform reluctance is also obtained over a certain period.
  • the method improves the curve shape of the flux and gives more uniform operation with fewer torque pulsations and stray fluxes, and thus higher efficiency.
  • the number of states of equilibrium per revolution is doubled in a rotating magnetic flux-generating element.
  • the machine in which the present invention is intended to be used comprises at least two rotating flux-generating elements.
  • the flux-generating elements are arranged to rotate in a local rotary movement about their axes of rotation.
  • the local flux elements generate a global magnetic flux in the machine cores.
  • the machine in which the invention is intended to be used may be either a rotating or a linear electrical machine.
  • a rotating electrical machine this may be a motor, step-motor, pulse generator, wind-power generator or frequency converter, for instance.
  • a linear machine it may be a motor, step-motor, generator, pulse generator or generator for a wave-power plant, for instance.
  • Figure 1 shows a basic layout sketch of the machine in accordance with the invention having an external core provided with winding.
  • Figure 2 shows the flux path in a machine as illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a basic layout sketch of the machine in accordance with the invention having an internal core provided with winding.
  • Figure 4 shows a basic layout sketch of an embodiment having double cores.
  • Figure 5 shows a another embodiment of the invention with double cores provided with windings, and in which the flux elements are provided with squirrel cage windings for asynchronous operation.
  • Figure 6 shows a view in perspective of a preferred embodiment of the machine described in the application.
  • Figure 7 shows the means for movement of the flux elements, arranged so that the local rotation of the flux elements 14 in the machine is effected with varying angular velocity during the rotation.
  • Figure 8 shows a preferred embodiment where the machine is used as generator in a wind power plant.
  • Figure 9 shows the magnetic flux in the machine in a preferred embodiment, in this case a bipolar machine.
  • F Fiigguurree 1100 shows the magnetic flux in the machine in yet another preferred embodiment, in this case a four-polar machine.
  • Figure 11 shows the magnetic flux of the machine in a preferred embodiment, in this case a multipolar machine.
  • Figure 12 shows the operating principle for a step-motor designed in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 13 shows the fundamental principle of frequency conversion in an electrical machine in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 14 shows frequency conversion in a preferred embodiment of an electrical machine in accordance with the present invention.
  • F Fiigguurree 1155 shows one embodiment of a flux element.
  • the flux elements can transmit movement and/or absorb forces in several directions, e.g. a radially directed force.
  • Figure 16 shows a basic layout sketch of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • F Fiigguurree 1177 shows a preferred embodiment where the machine is used as generator in a wind power plant.
  • Figure 18 shows the path of the magnetic flux from one magnetic flux- generating element to the next.
  • Figure 19 shows the path of the magnetic flux when the flux-generating elements have been rotated a quarter of a revolution from the position shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 20 shows the path of the magnetic flux when the flux-generating elements have been rotated half a revolution from the position shown in Figure 1.
  • Figures 21 and 22 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the magnetic flux elements are directed so that passive flux conductors are required as feedback conductors.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic layout sketch of a preferred embodiment of the invention described in the present application.
  • the flux elements 14, provided with permanent magnets 15, are arranged between the core and a support device 22, preferably of non-magnetic material, which may consist of a gear rim.
  • the excitation directions of the permanent magnets are arranged in various ways. The movements of the flux elements are correlated.
  • FIG. 3 shows a basic layout sketch of another preferred embodiment of the invention described in the present application.
  • the machine comprises a core 10, in this embodiment an internal, homogenous core, provided with a winding 11. It also comprises a machine shaft and a number of magnetic flux elements 14.
  • the flux elements 14, provided with permanent magnets 15, are arranged between the core and a support device 22, preferably of non-magnetic material.
  • the excitation directions of the permanent magnets may be arranged in various ways. The movements of the flux elements are correlated.
  • Figure 4 shows another preferred embodiment of the machine described in the present application.
  • a number of flux elements 14 are arranged between the first and the second cores.
  • the flux elements are provided with permanent magnets 15. The movements of the flux elements are correlated.
  • FIG. 5 shows another preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the machine comprises a first core 10 and a second core 12, provided with windings 11 and 13, and also a number of flux elements 14 arranged between them.
  • the core windings 11 and 13 may be arranged in several ways.
  • the cores may be wound individually and the windings may then be connected in series or in parallel, or may be galvanically isolated.
  • the cores may also be wound with a single common winding, this then being wound across the air gap 21.
  • the flux elements are provided with squirrel cage winding 17 and are excited asynchronously. The movements of the flux elements are correlated.
  • FIG. 6 shows a view in perspective of a preferred embodiment of the machine in accordance with the present application.
  • the machine comprises a first core 10, in this embodiment in the form of a hollow cylinder, provided with a winding 11.
  • it also comprises an inner core 12 arranged to rotate with a machine shaft.
  • Between the first and second cores are one or more rotating magnetic flux elements 14.
  • Said rotating flux elements are in this embodiment caused to rotate via individual gear rims or some other device with equivalent function driven by a corresponding device on the inner core. The element is thus caused to rotate about its own axis while simultaneously moving around the periphery of the inner core.
  • the movements of the flux elements are correlated.
  • Figure 8 shows a preferred embodiment where the machine is used as generator in a wind power plant.
  • the turbine vane 20 of the wind power plant is connected to the machine shaft which, in turn, is connected via a support 22 to a number of magnetic flux elements 14.
  • Each of the flux elements 14 is arranged to rotate about its own axis. At the same time the flux elements move in a circular path about the machine shaft.
  • the machine comprises a first core 10 provided with a first winding 11 and a second core 12 provided with a second winding 13.
  • the first core is in the form of a hollow cylinder and surrounds the second core, also in the form of a hollow cylinder.
  • Said flux elements 14 are provided with permanent magnets and are arranged between the first and second cores.
  • FIG. 9 is a flux image illustrating the magnetic flux in the machine in a preferred embodiment.
  • the flux elements are provided with permanent magnets 15.
  • the machine is bipolar.
  • the machine comprises a first core with a winding and a second core, as well as a number of flux elements 14 the excitation directions of which are the same.
  • the movements of the flux elements are correlated and the flux from the flux elements therefore cooperates to form a global rotating bipolar flux in the machine. This is indicated in the figure by flux lines 19.
  • Figure 10 is a flux image illustrating the magnetic flux in the machine in another preferred embodiment.
  • the flux elements are provided with permanent magnets 15.
  • the excitation directions of the magnets in this embodiment are different and a multipolar machine is therefore obtained, in this case a four-polar machine.
  • the movements of the flux elements are correlated and the flux from the flux elements thus cooperates to form a global rotating four-polar flux in the machine, as indicated in the figure by flux lines 19.
  • Figure 11a is a flux image illustrating the magnetic flux of the machine in a preferred embodiment.
  • the flux elements are provided with permanent magnets 15.
  • the excitation directions of the magnets in this embodiment are different and a multipolar machine is therefore obtained.
  • the movements of the flux elements are correlated and the flux from the flux elements thus cooperates to form a global rotating multipolar flux in the machine, as indicated in the figure by flux lines 19.
  • Figure 11 b shows the same embodiment as Figure 11a but at a different point in time when the magnets have assumed a different position.
  • Figure 12 shows the operating principle for a step-motor in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 12a shows an example in which the flux elements 14 provided with permanent magnets 15 have assumed the position in which the flux elements of the magnetic circuit connects. has lowest reluctance. The magnets are forced out of their positions by means of a magnetic field generated in the windings 11 , 13.
  • the figure shows two cores provided with windings but one of the cores may be constructed without a winding in a step- motor application. In order to initiate turning of the magnets the winding 11 is somewhat asymmetrical. An asymmetrical current pulse determines in which direction the motor shall be turned one step. Due to the special design of the core the air gap increases during the actual transition phase, as is shown in Fig. 12b.
  • the machine shaft of the motor has thus been turned one step.
  • This step has high angular accuracy, which is exploited in order to turn the motor shaft with high precision.
  • the step-motor can be constructed in such a way that no power need be supplied to retain the rotor in a locked position provided the load in question is less than a certain predetermined torque.
  • Figure 13a shows the fundamental principle of frequency conversion in a frequency converter in accordance with the present invention.
  • a number of flux elements 14 are placed between a first fixed core 10 and a second fixed core 12, with a distance d between their centres, and provided with permanent magnets 15 arranged with alternating excitation directions.
  • the permanent magnets 15 give rise to a flux in the first and second cores, respectively.
  • Figure 13b all the flux elements have been rotated a part of a turn in counter clockwise direction in the figure. The flux image in each core has thus changed and the flux pattern is therefore displaced in one direction in the first core and in the opposite direction in the second core.
  • the flux pattern in the first core will acquire the velocity fR*2d + v in one direction whereas the flux pattern in the second core will acquire the velocity fR*2d - v in the other direction, where f is the rotation frequency of the flux elements.
  • the flux wave obtained has thus a higher velocity in the first core than in the second one.
  • the wave length remains unchanged.
  • the voltage variation induced in the first core thus acquires a frequency that differs from the frequency of the voltage variation induced in the second core.
  • the flux-generating elements have thus created global travelling flux waves having the same wave length but with different velocity in each core.
  • Figure 14 shows a preferred embodiment of an electrical machine in accordance with the present invention.
  • This comprises a first core 10 provided with a first winding 11 and a second core 12 provided with a winding 13, and also a number of flux elements 14 arranged between the first and second cores.
  • the flux elements are provided with permanent magnets and arranged to rotate about their own axes.
  • a machine shaft is also included which is connected to the flux elements 14.
  • the flux wave in the first core 10 acquires the angular velocity wprim + w
  • the flux wave in the second core 12 acquires the angular velocity wprim - w.
  • Different frequencies are thus obtained in the two windings 11 and 13, respectively.
  • Selection of the number of flux elements and of respective angular velocities w and Wp r jm enables an optional frequency ratio to be obtained between the two windings.
  • Figure 15 shows one embodiment of a flux element.
  • the flux element may be of optional shape.
  • a flux element having cylindrical shape is illustrated in the figure but other shapes are feasible within the scope of the appended claims, such as a tapering shape.
  • the element in this embodiment is made out of permanently magnetic material 31 , soft magnetic material 32 and non-magnetic material 33.
  • Figure 16 shows a basic layout sketch of a preferred embodiment of the invention as described in the present application.
  • the machine comprises a core 10 and a winding 11 surrounding a machine shaft. It also comprises a number of magnetic flux elements 14, shown here with circular cross section.
  • the flux elements 14, provided with permanent magnets 15, are arranged in the core.
  • the excitation directions of the permanent magnets may be arranged in different ways. The movements of the flux elements are correlated.
  • FIG 17 shows a preferred embodiment where the machine is used as generator in a wind power plant.
  • the turbine vane 20 of the wind power plant is connected to the machine shaft which, in turn, is connected to a number of magnetic flux elements 14.
  • Each of the flux elements 14 is arranged to rotate about its own axis. At the same time the flux elements move in a circular path about the machine shaft.
  • the machine comprises a core 10 and a winding 11.
  • the core is shaped as a cylinder with a peripheral groove.
  • Said magnetic flux elements 14 are provided with permanent magnets 15 and arranged in this groove.
  • the turbine vane is driven around which causes the flux elements 14 to move with a circular movement about the machine shaft and in a rotary movement each about its own axis. The movements of the flux elements are correlated. These movements give rise to a flux which induces a voltage the winding 11.
  • FIG 18 shows two cores 10, 12 and two flux-generating elements 14 comprising permanent magnets 15. Passive magnetic flux-conducting elements 1 are also shown arranged between the flux-generating elements 14. In the position illustrated in this figure the flux-generating elements 14 are directed so that the flux from the permanent magnets 15 is directed perpendicularly to the cores 10, 12. The magnetic flux, indicated by flux lines 19, is connected via the first core 10 and the second core 12. In Figure 18b the flux-generating device is provided with a passive flux-conducting part 3. The flux can then be connected through only one core 10 and the passive flux-conducting part 3, and the second core 12 is superfluous.
  • Figure 19 shows the path 19 of the magnetic flux when the flux- generating elements have been rotated a quarter of a revolution from the position shown in Figure 1.
  • the flux is returned via two magnetic flux-conducting elements 1.
  • Said magnetic flux-conducting elements 1 are provided with an aluminium plate 2. This prevents the flux from being conducted through the passive flux-conducting part 3, and it is instead conducted from a flux-generating element 14 via a flux-conducting element 1 to the core 10 and a second flux- conducting element, back to the flux-generating element 14.
  • the frequency of the electrical machine will be doubled in comparison with a machine without said flux- conducting elements. This is because in a machine without the flux-conducting elements 1 the magnetic flux is zero when the magnetic flux-generating elements have assumed the position shown in the figure.
  • Figure 20 shows the path 19 of the magnetic flux when the flux- generating elements 14 have been rotated half a revolution from the position shown in Figure 1.
  • the magnetic flux is now returned through the cores 10 and 12.
  • the figure shows an embodiment where both the magnetic flux-generating elements and the passive magnetic flux-conducting elements are arranged on a support device 22.
  • Figure 21 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the magnetic flux-generating elements 14 are directed so that passive flux-conducting elements 1 are required as feedback conductors.
  • the machine also comprises a second core 12 and a support device 22.
  • the flux is connected around the winding via the quadrangular passive flux-conducting elements 1 which are fitted in the flux-generating device.
  • Figure 22 shows the same embodiment of the invention as the preceding figure except that the magnetic flux-generating elements 14 have been turned 90 degrees from the position shown in the preceding figure. In this position the flux is connected only through the flux-generating elements 14 and the passive flux- conducting elements 1. A reduction in the pulsing torque caused by the varying reluctance is thus achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique comprenant un premier noyau magnétique pourvu d'un enroulement, ainsi qu'un dispositif générateur de flux comportant au moins deux éléments générateurs de flux magnétique variable. Ces éléments sont conçus pour faire varier le flux localement de façon que la variation de flux puisse être décrite par un vecteur de magnétisation se déplaçant sensiblement dans un plan. L'invention concerne également un procédé et un dispositif destinés à réguler un flux magnétique dans une machine électrique de ce type. Elle se rapporte en outre à l'utilisation de cette machine ainsi qu'à un système comprenant ladite machine.
EP02733673A 2001-05-09 2002-05-10 Machine electrique Withdrawn EP1393429A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0101644A SE0101644L (sv) 2001-05-09 2001-05-09 Metod och anordning för att styra magnetiskt flöde i en elektrisk maskin
SE0101644 2001-05-09
SE0101640A SE0101640L (sv) 2001-05-09 2001-05-09 Roterande elektrisk maskin
SE0101639A SE0101639L (sv) 2001-05-09 2001-05-09 Konstruktion för roterande elektrisk maskin
SE0101639 2001-05-09
SE0101640 2001-05-09
SE0101643 2001-05-09
SE0101643A SE0101643L (sv) 2001-05-09 2001-05-09 Elektrisk maskin
PCT/SE2002/000902 WO2003044927A1 (fr) 2001-05-09 2002-05-10 Machine electrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1393429A1 true EP1393429A1 (fr) 2004-03-03

Family

ID=27484536

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02733673A Withdrawn EP1393429A1 (fr) 2001-05-09 2002-05-10 Machine electrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1393429A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002306047A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003044927A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014169308A3 (fr) * 2013-04-17 2015-07-02 Manfred Schrödl Machine électrique

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FR2886782A1 (fr) * 2005-07-08 2006-12-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif generateur de champ magnetique variable pour la generation d'energie electrique et dispositif d'assistance au mouvement du type roulement a billes, l'incluant
US7411322B2 (en) * 2005-12-06 2008-08-12 Lucent Technologies Inc. Micromachined reluctance motor
DE102008058319B4 (de) * 2008-11-21 2017-03-09 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Wälzlager
US8232700B2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2012-07-31 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Multi-rotor electric machine
WO2010079424A1 (fr) * 2009-01-12 2010-07-15 Redemptive Technologies Limited Génératrice électrique à fort rendement et à résistance de frottement réduit
WO2011048463A1 (fr) * 2009-10-22 2011-04-28 Redemptive Technologies Limited Moteur électrique et cogénérateur d'énergie à haut rendement
US20120206003A1 (en) * 2009-10-22 2012-08-16 Robert Ray Holcomb Brushless direct current (dc) electric generator with decreased electromagnetic drag
EP3054562A1 (fr) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Machine d'entraînement électrique
EP3646438B1 (fr) * 2017-06-27 2021-11-03 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Moteur à excitation par aimants permanents, doté de tiges magnétiques rotatives

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DE2346052A1 (de) * 1973-09-13 1975-03-27 Wilhelm Friedrich Schepke Uebersetzungs-stromzeuger
CA1191535A (fr) * 1983-09-22 1985-08-06 Leslie G. Meszaros Generateur d'electricite a friction magnetique roulante
FR2592520B1 (fr) * 1985-12-27 1988-12-09 Atelier Electro Thermie Const Dispositif de creation d'un champ magnetique glissant, en particulier pour gravure ionique rapide sous champ magnetique
GB2271025B (en) * 1992-09-26 1996-11-20 Pitt Steele Ian Broderick Electric motor
DE19845914C2 (de) * 1998-10-06 2000-08-24 Bosch Gmbh Robert Antriebsvorrichtung

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See references of WO03044927A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014169308A3 (fr) * 2013-04-17 2015-07-02 Manfred Schrödl Machine électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002306047A1 (en) 2003-06-10
WO2003044927A1 (fr) 2003-05-30

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