EP1389331B1 - Self-aspirating fire detection system - Google Patents
Self-aspirating fire detection system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1389331B1 EP1389331B1 EP02737792A EP02737792A EP1389331B1 EP 1389331 B1 EP1389331 B1 EP 1389331B1 EP 02737792 A EP02737792 A EP 02737792A EP 02737792 A EP02737792 A EP 02737792A EP 1389331 B1 EP1389331 B1 EP 1389331B1
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- Prior art keywords
- fire
- scattered
- detectors
- fire detection
- gas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
Definitions
- the invention relates to a self-priming fire alarm device for Monitoring of technical installations, buildings and storage areas Emergence of fires according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Self-priming fire alarm systems are intended to provide fire alarm systems be understood, which have one or more intake pipes whose Intake openings Air samples from the plant or system to be monitored Remove the room area and the fire detection detectors for measurement supply different fire characteristics.
- Self-priming systems are advantageously used when only low thermal energy develops in a smoldering fire and smoke particles only very slowly reach the detection range of the fire detectors, which are often mounted at a greater distance. This is especially the case in larger rooms and storage areas. In air-conditioned and forced-ventilated rooms, where sometimes changing air currents and strong dilution effects occurred, self-priming systems of higher sensitivity can be used very advantageously for early detection.
- the intake ports can be located within certain hazardous equipment areas, such as the housing of an electrical control cabinet or a computer system, so that the air samples are removed directly from the risk area of special equipment objects and can be detected together , Genesis fires in plant areas can be detected early and appropriate countermeasures taken. Depending on the value concentration, fire risk and overall fire protection concept, the early fire detection is of particular economic importance, For self-priming systems usually only highly sensitive detectors are used. Optical scattered light measuring systems as highly sensitive detectors, have proven to be well suited to be able to detect smoke particles products of thermal decomposition, soot or suspended particles) in the smallest amounts.
- Such known systems are available in numerous variants and usually use an LED or a laser diode as a scattered light source.
- the light rays emitted by the light source pass through a test section through a sample volume and are scattered on existing smoke particles.
- the inhomogeneously distributed scattered light is then converted by one or more receiving elements (photoelectric detectors) into a measurable electrical signal.
- the intensity of the scattering angle of the scattered light depends inter alia on the wavelength of light, size and shape, as well as the optical properties of the smoke particles present in the sample volume. From the analysis of the signals of the receiving elements arranged at different scattering angles, it is possible to draw conclusions about the number and the particles present in the air sample volume.
- a disadvantage of highly sensitive systems is the danger False alarms due to the unexpected occurrence of non-relevant fire parameters (eg cigarette smoke) or the effect of noise or deception such as particulate matter or water vapor on the detectors.
- non-relevant fire parameters eg cigarette smoke
- noise or deception such as particulate matter or water vapor on the detectors.
- DE4231088 A1 discloses a fire alarm system which comprises a smoke detector operating according to the scattered light principle, whose scattered light receivers can be positioned at different scattering angles.
- the optical scattered light measuring system In order to obtain a more accurate picture of the particles in the sample volume, it is proposed to additionally equip the optical scattered light measuring system with a polarization filter and to determine the degree of polarization of the scattered light. From the clear correlation between the degree of polarization and scattering angle can then be concluded that a certain type of smoke.
- Experimental tests with test fires have been used to store different patterns of smoke types with thresholds in databases, which are then compared to the results of scattered light and polarization measurements. From the comparison of both smoke patterns should then give indications of the fire type.
- EP-A-1 006 5000 discloses a point-type smoke detector described, the smoke sensor and / or a gas sensor and a Contains suction device and a flow sensor.
- the aim of this writing is a Solution for minimal or no air circulation in the immediate area (in Centimeter to meter range) of the punctiform fire detector.
- These point detectors have a limited surveillance area, the in addition to the physical limits additionally by the corresponding national Standards / regulations.
- This fire detector with an integrated intake differs significantly from the subject matter of the present invention, because it does not take as the self-priming fire alarm device described in this document via one or more intake pipes with suction air samples. Therefore, a variety of fire alarms for detection in different rooms / objects is necessary. In particular, it is not possible, as in the case of the self-priming fire detection device described in this document, to take air samples in the immediate vicinity of the potential source of the fire, which may be more than one hundred meters away from the fire detector.
- the object of the present invention is derived to provide a fire detection device of the generic type which detected fires at different locations by a single device early with high sensitivity and still able to disturb the or to differentiate deception sizes from the fire characteristics relevant to the fire development and the course of the fire.
- the fire alarm device according to the invention should be able to generate according to the development of fire various alarm levels, which allows the use of graded flexible fire fighting measures. In this case, a minimization of false alarm frequency while increasing the sensitivity of the system can be achieved.
- the invention it is proposed to supplement a highly sensitive optical scattered light measuring system by additional arrangement of one or more gas sensors or a gas sensor array, and to link the measured variables of the individual detectors to a logical alarm level generation.
- Both the optical scattered light measuring system, as well as the gas sensors are signal technically connected to a microcontroller system and / or a fire alarm panel.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating this fire detection device which is characterized by the formation of a sum signal from the measured variables detected in different scattering angles of the optical scattered light measuring system and the measured variables detected by the additionally arranged gas sensors and / or the gas sensor array.
- the receiving elements of the scattered light measuring system are arranged in the forward and backward scattering direction and their signal processing designed such that for the particles contained in a defined sample volume characteristic parameters such as particle color, size and concentration by the simultaneous detection of in forward and rinsestreuwinkel Anlagene detected signals can be determined.
- Simultaneous detection and processing of light rays scattered at different angles is particularly important through the receiver-microcontroller system. Only by the simultaneous detection and processing of the received scattered light signals from the different scattered light angles a precise description of the particle distribution in the sample volume at a certain time is possible because it is not a static quantity in the sample volume, but its parameters as a function of the flow velocity of Constantly change the suction device.
- fire detectors of various types such as temperature or lonisationsrauchmelder can be arranged in the self-priming fire alarm device according to the invention and connected to the microcontroller system and / or the fire alarm panel signal technology.
- these detectors and the gas sensors directly in the intake of the suction and their arrangement in a bypass to the intake pipe is possible.
- fire detectors in the sample volume measured quantities in the signal processing of Fire alarm device included and based on the in a database stored values are weighted accordingly by evaluation algorithms.
- the arrangement according to the invention of a highly sensitive optical scattered light measuring system for detecting smoke particles of a fire in combination with gas sensors and / or a gas sensor array in a fire detection device for the detection of combustion gases and / or fire-load specific gases has numerous advantages over the known prior art.
- a highly sensitive optical scattered light measuring system for detecting smoke particles of a fire in combination with gas sensors and / or a gas sensor array in a fire detection device for the detection of combustion gases and / or fire-load specific gases has numerous advantages over the known prior art.
- complete combustion products such as CO2 and H2O
- soot particles and smoke aerosols The smoke particles of different size and distribution can be detected very accurately with the highly sensitive Streulichtmeßsystem.
- the gas sensor not only allows the additional early detection of a fire formation characteristic but also the verification and weighting of the measurement results of the scattered light system by the measured variables of the gas sensors or the gas sensor array.
- the additionally arranged gas sensors are, as is generally known, particularly well suited to reliably detect the combustion gases already produced at the beginning of a fire, such as CO.sub.2 H 2, CH.sub.4 and longer-chain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds.
- An alarm is, however, only then and in various presettable levels, when the signal evaluation of the optical scattered light measuring system reaches or exceeds certain thresholds and at the same time also detect the gas sensors or the fire gases.
- gas sensors or the fire gases By using a plurality of different types of gas detecting sensors or a sensor array is a broadband gas analysis of the sucked air samples possible. Further improvement of gas detection is possible by knowing the type of fire or carbonization gases expected from the monitoring area.
- the most limited overheating can lead to smoldering fires in which material-specific, gaseous products (pyrolysis gases) such as HCL are released in different concentrations.
- pyrolysis gases material-specific, gaseous products
- the gas sensors to be provided for use in the fire detection device can then be selected depending on the gases to be detected from a plurality of different measuring cells (gas sensors) and allow the metrological detection of very low gas concentrations in the ppb range.
- gas sensors gas sensors
- the databases thus obtained are for example implemented in the memory area of the microcontroller system and are available to the currently determined measured variables as comparison data.
- the comparison and the weighting of the measured variables determined by the various fire alarms of the fire alarm device according to the invention therefore permit an early and reliable fire detection. False alarms due to disturbance or deception can be excluded as far as possible.
- a central monitoring unit preferably a fire alarm panel
- Fig. 1 shows the fire detection device 2 according to the invention, which is connected via the intake pipe 1 with the plant or space area, which is to be monitored for a possible fire formation.
- a plurality of intake pipes with a plurality of intake openings, or the intake pipes can be designed as flexible hoses whose openings also suck in air from system areas which are difficult to access.
- the air samples are continuously sucked by means of suction fan 3 with an adjustable constant flow rate and the measuring chamber (sample volume) of the fire detection device 2 fed.
- the intake roughing network can be designed, for example, for lengths of up to 200 m.
- Light source 4, receiver elements 6, 8 and the focusing optics 5, 7 are each separated from the sample volume of the aspirated flue gas by plexiglass shields (not shown).
- plexiglass shields for applications with higher air velocities, such as exhaust air and air conditioning ducts, the so-called bypass technique can also be used.
- air samples are constantly removed from the channel to be monitored via a pipe system and passed through the measuring chamber of the scattered light where also the gas sensors 9 can be arranged.
- the high sensitivity smoke particle measuring system 16 (Fig. 2) is arranged at right angles to the air flow and shielded by said Plexiglas panes. It consists of a high-energy narrow-band light source, preferably a laser diode 4 with collimating optics for generating scattered light intensities of smoke particles in the Kollimationsbrenn Vietnamese, to an opposite radiation trap that absorbs the laser beam, and each of a collection and focusing optics 5.7, which the scattered light of the associated Plan solid angle segment on the respective receiving elements 6,8 (optical detectors).
- the detection volume is to be kept as small as possible for accurate analysis and is essentially determined by the intersection of the focal points of the lens systems with the diameter of the laser beam in its collimation focal point.
- the receiving elements 6, 8 and the collecting and focusing optics 5, 7 are arranged such that the scattered light beams from the solid angle segments are detected from the forward direction and the rearward direction.
- the forward and backward scattered light then generates in the Receiver elements of the received scattered light intensity proportional electrical signal which in the connected microcontroller system 13 and / or a fire panel 15 is processed and stored.
- the measured values obtained by this measurement principle are related to the smoke particle concentration, but also to particle properties such as shape color and size.
- the high-energy light source eg laser diode
- a pulsed driver circuit which increases the service life of the light source many times over.
- the modulated light pulses are only triggered by the control electronics 13, if a new scattered light measurement is to take place.
- one or more gas sensors 9 or a gas sensor array consisting of several gas sensors are arranged in the intake stream or a bypass and connected via signal lines to the microcontroller system 13 and / or the fire panel 15.
- Various gas detectors or a gas sensor array can be used here and detect different fire gases that characterize an early fire development phase. These include, in particular, the early formation of gases, such as CO, H2, CH4, as well as longer-chain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds, but also fire-load-specific gases (eg HCL), such as those arising from the thermal decomposition of PVC, can be achieved through the use of special gas sensors safely detect.
- the logical processing and linking of the scattered light signals with the measured variables of the gas sensor allows the invention intilorente fire detection. According to the invention, it is also possible to use signal processing of the scattered light and the other detector signals and, depending on the analysis criteria used, one or more microprocessors as decentralized computing units.
- the direction and intensity of the light scattered by a particle depend on its shape, color, and size as well as the wavelength of the light. If light wavelength, optical power and the scattering angles are known by appropriate arrangement of the receiving elements and the measured scattered light intensity is logically linked, conclusions can be drawn about the properties and distribution (concentration) of the smoke particles in the sample volume. Even more accurate statements are obtained by the scattered light intensity measurement of more than two scattering angles 17, 18, 19. According to the invention, the simultaneous measurement and evaluation of the light component 17 scattered in the forward direction with the light component 18 scattered in the backward direction brings about a statement that is well usable for determining the fire.
- practical useful values for the scattering angle segments for the respective measuring channel in the forward direction have been found to be about 20 ° +/- 4 ° and in the backward direction 160 ° +/- 4 °.
- Further scattered-light detectors are preferably arranged in the angle range between 5 ° and 45 ° which is affected by strong changes in intensity. Thereafter, one or more intensity measures from vector sums of the angle-dependent scattered light intensities can be determined and one or more particle property indices can be determined from the logarithmic ratios of the angle-dependent scattered light intensities.
- the measured variables of an optional smoke sensor (ionization smoke detector or optical smoke detector) 25 and / or an optional temperature detector 26 can also be included in the evaluation.
- the evaluation of the individual measured variables and the interdependence is carried out with the aid of algorithms and comparative analyzes, which use data from test fires in a database 28.
- the further method then provides for the comparison of the sum signal obtained from method step 27 with pre-parameterized threshold values and leads, in the case of corresponding comparison results, to control and display associated alarm stages 29.
- the optional individual display or individual control 30 of alarm levels of individual parameters can also be provided in comparison with the assigned individual threshold value. For example, CO alarm can be triggered when exceeding a maximum concentration irrelevant to other measures.
- an optional single display or individual control of alarm levels can be provided.
- the two highly sensitive measuring circuits 32 and 33 respectively process the stray signals supplied by the receiving elements 6, 8.
- the laser diode as the light source is driven in a pulse-shaped manner by a laser driver circuit 34, the pulses being supplied by the microcontroller system 13.
- the diode laser is operated only at the time of measurement, resulting in a multiplication of the laser life.
- the gas sensor 35 and the optional temperature detector 37 are also connected via an A / D converter to the microcontroller system 13. Of particular importance are the sample and hold circuit 36, which allows the simultaneous detection of the scattered light measured values by the trigger pulses of the microcontroller system.
- the microcontroller system 13 performs the analysis algorithms and evaluates gas and scattered light circuits, stores data and events, controls event-based displays and peripheral units, communicates with connectable peripherals 38, and compensates for environmentally induced aerosol background drift of the sensitive stray light circuits.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbstansaugende Brandmeldeeinrichtung zur Überwachung von technischen Anlagen, Gebäuden und Lagerbereichen auf Entstehung von Bränden gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a self-priming fire alarm device for Monitoring of technical installations, buildings and storage areas Emergence of fires according to the preamble of claim 1.
Unter selbstansaugenden Brandmeldeeinrichtungen sollen Brandmeldesysteme verstanden werden, welche über ein oder mehrere Ansaugrohre verfügen deren Ansaugöffnungen Luftproben aus den zu überwachenden Anlagen- oder Raumbereich entnehmen und den Branderkennungsdetektoren zur Messung verschiedener Brandkenngrößen zuführen.Self-priming fire alarm systems are intended to provide fire alarm systems be understood, which have one or more intake pipes whose Intake openings Air samples from the plant or system to be monitored Remove the room area and the fire detection detectors for measurement supply different fire characteristics.
Als Ansaugmittel zur Erzeugung eines kontinuierlichen Luftstroms aus dem Überwachungsbereich werden oft Lüfter oder Ventilatoren eingesetzt, verschiedentlich kommen aber auch Kolben- oder Membranpumpen zum Einsatz.As a suction means for generating a continuous air flow from the Monitoring area are often used fans or fans, However, piston or diaphragm pumps are also used on various occasions.
Selbstansaugende Systeme kommen dann vorteilhaft zum Einsatz, wenn sich bei
einem Schwelbrand nur geringe Thermik entwickelt und Rauchpartikel nur sehr
langsam den Detektionsbereich der oft in größerer Entfernung angebrachten
Branddetektoren erreichen.
Das ist besonders in größeren Räumen und Lagerbereichen der Fall.
In klimatisierten und zwangsbelüfteten Räumen wo z.T. wechselnde
Luftströmungen und starke Verdünnungseffekte auftraten, lassen sich
selbstansaugende Systeme höherer Empfindlichkeit sehr vorteilhaft für die
Frühdetektion einsetzen.Self-priming systems are advantageously used when only low thermal energy develops in a smoldering fire and smoke particles only very slowly reach the detection range of the fire detectors, which are often mounted at a greater distance.
This is especially the case in larger rooms and storage areas. In air-conditioned and forced-ventilated rooms, where sometimes changing air currents and strong dilution effects occurred, self-priming systems of higher sensitivity can be used very advantageously for early detection.
Bei herkömmlichen Systemen, ohne Selbstansaugung, würde eine Alarmmeldung zu einem recht späten Zeitpunkt ausgelöst und die anschließenden Brandbekämpfungsmaßnahmen verzögert, was in Folge zu erheblich höheren Sach- und Personenschäden führen kann, als das bei einer frühzeitigeren Alarmauslösung der Fall wäre.In conventional systems, without self-priming, an alarm would be too triggered a very late time and the subsequent Firefighting measures delayed, which can result in significantly higher damage to property and personal injury than that would be the case for a more early alarm triggering.
Bei klimatisierten und zwangsbelüfteten Anlagen wo sich durch sich ändernde Luftströmungsverhältnisse die thermische Konvektion in der Entstehungsphase eines Brandes kaum entwickeln kann, ist mit Systemen ohne Ansaugung eine Früherkennung kaum zu realisieren.In air-conditioned and forced-ventilated systems where there is a change Air flow conditions the thermal convection in the formation phase of a Brandes can hardly develop with systems without aspiration Barely realizing early detection.
Ein weiterer Vorteil von selbstansaugenden Systemen besteht darin, dass sich
die Ansaugöffnungen innerhalb bestimmter gefährdeter Anlagen bereiche, wie
dem Gehäuse eines elektrischen Schaltschrankes oder einer EDV-Anlage befinden
können, so das die Luftproben unmittelbar aus dem Gefährdungsbereich spezieller
Anlagenobjekte
entnommen werden und zusammen erfaßt werden können.
Entstehungsbrände in Anlagenbereichen lassen sich dadurch frühzeitig
detektieren und geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen ergreifen.
In Abhängigkeit von Wertkonzentration, Brandrisiko und Gesamt-Brandschutzkonzept
kommen bei besonderer wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung einer
Brandfrüherkennung,
für selbstansaugende Systeme in der Regel nur hochsensible Detektoren zum
Einsatz.
Optische Streulichtmeßsysteme als hochsensible Detektoren, haben sich dabei
als gut geeignet erwiesen, Rauchpartikel Produkte der thermischen Zersetzung,
Ruß- oder Schwebeteilchen) auch in geringsten Mengen nachweisen zu können.Another advantage of self-priming systems is that the intake ports can be located within certain hazardous equipment areas, such as the housing of an electrical control cabinet or a computer system, so that the air samples are removed directly from the risk area of special equipment objects and can be detected together ,
Genesis fires in plant areas can be detected early and appropriate countermeasures taken.
Depending on the value concentration, fire risk and overall fire protection concept, the early fire detection is of particular economic importance,
For self-priming systems usually only highly sensitive detectors are used.
Optical scattered light measuring systems as highly sensitive detectors, have proven to be well suited to be able to detect smoke particles products of thermal decomposition, soot or suspended particles) in the smallest amounts.
Solche bekannten Systeme sind in zahlreichen Varianten verfügbar und
verwenden meist eine LED oder eine Laserdiode als Streulichtquelle.
Die von der Lichtquelle emittierten Lichtstrahlen durchlaufen dabei eine Meßstrecke
durch ein Probenvolumen und werden an vorhandenen Rauchpartikeln gestreut. Such known systems are available in numerous variants and usually use an LED or a laser diode as a scattered light source.
The light rays emitted by the light source pass through a test section through a sample volume and are scattered on existing smoke particles.
Das inhomogen verteilte Streulicht wird dann von einem oder mehreren
Empfangselementen (photoelektrische Detektoren) in eine meßbare elektrische
Signale umgewandelt.
Dabei ist Intensität des Streuwinkels des gestreuten Lichts u. a. abhängig von der
Lichtwellenlänge,Größe und Form, sowie den optischen Eigenschaften der im
Probenvolumen vorhandenen Rauchpartikel.
Aus der Analyse der Signalen der in verschiedenen Streuwinkeln angeordneten
Empfangselementen lassen sich Rückschlüsse auf die Anzahl und der im
Luftprobenvolumen vorhandenen Partikel ziehen.The inhomogeneously distributed scattered light is then converted by one or more receiving elements (photoelectric detectors) into a measurable electrical signal.
In this case, the intensity of the scattering angle of the scattered light depends inter alia on the wavelength of light, size and shape, as well as the optical properties of the smoke particles present in the sample volume.
From the analysis of the signals of the receiving elements arranged at different scattering angles, it is possible to draw conclusions about the number and the particles present in the air sample volume.
Neuere Entwicklungen zur Detektion auch kleinster Mengen von Rauchaerosolen in
einem angesaugten Probevolumen setzen zunehmend auf hochempfindliche und
genauere lasergestützte Meßsysteme.
Hochenergetische Laserstrahlung hat den Vorteil beim Auftreffen auf
Rauchpartikel höhere und damit besser detektierbare Streulichtintensitäten zu liefem.
Durch die spektrale Schmalbandigkeit des Lasers ist die Eindeutigkeit resultierender
Meßwerte in Bezug auf die zugrundeliegende Streulichttheorie gegeben.
Dabei wird ein oft erheblicher konstruktive Aufwand zur optimalen Kopplung des
Laser-Meßsystems mit der Luftprobenkammer und der Gaszuführung betrieben.Recent developments to detect even the smallest amounts of smoke aerosols in a sucked sample volume are increasingly relying on highly sensitive and more accurate laser-based measuring systems.
High-energy laser radiation has the advantage when hitting smoke particles higher and thus better detectable scattered light intensities zuem. Due to the spectral narrowbandness of the laser, the uniqueness of resulting measured values with respect to the underlying scattered-light theory is given.
In this case, an often considerable design effort for optimal coupling of the laser measuring system with the air sampling chamber and the gas supply is operated.
Nachteilig bei hochempfindlichen Systemen ist die Gefahr
von Fehlalarmen durch das unerwartete Auftreten nichtrelevante Brandkenngrößen
(z. B. Zigarettenrauch)
oder die Einwirkung von Stör- oder Täuschungsgrößen wie Feinststaub oder
Wasserdampf auf die Detektoren.
Grundsätzlich ist es für die Detektorsysteme oft schwierig bestimmte Störgrößen
oder zur Branderkennung nichtrelevante Partikel im Meßvolumen von zu
detektierenden Rauchpartikeln zu unterscheiden.A disadvantage of highly sensitive systems is the danger
False alarms due to the unexpected occurrence of non-relevant fire parameters (eg cigarette smoke)
or the effect of noise or deception such as particulate matter or water vapor on the detectors.
In principle, it is often difficult for the detector systems to differentiate between specific disturbance variables or particles that are not relevant for fire detection in the measuring volume of smoke particles to be detected.
Daher werden in der Brandschutztechnik zahlreiche
Anstrengungen unternommen, Brandkenngrößen von Stör- oder Täuschungsgrößen
zu unterscheiden, um Fehlalarme möglichst auszuschließen.
Optische Streulichtmeßsysteme können ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen besonders
dort vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden, wo nur in geringem Umfang mit Stör- oder
Täuschungsgrößen zu rechnen ist.
Das sind insbesondere klimatisierte- und Reinraumbereiche, EDV-Anlagen,
Produktionseinrichtungen der Halbleiter- und Biotechnologie sowie
Telefon- und Kommunikationseinrichtungen.
Aus dem Gesagten wird deutlich, dass die Forderung nach immer empfindlicheren
Detektorsystemen zur Früherkennung von Bränden im Widerspruch zu den dann
wachsenden Einfluß von Stör- und Täuschungsgrößen steht.Therefore, in the fire protection technology numerous
Efforts have been made to distinguish fire characteristics of noise or deception sizes to avoid false alarms as possible.
Optical Streulichtmeßsysteme can be advantageously used without additional measures especially where it is to be expected only to a small extent with noise or deception sizes.
These are in particular air-conditioned and clean room areas, EDP systems, production facilities of semiconductor and biotechnology as well as telephone and communication facilities.
It is clear from what has been said that the demand for ever more sensitive detector systems for the early detection of fires contradicts the then increasing influence of disturbing and deceptive variables.
In der DE19605637 C1 wird ein Verfahren zur Luftstromüberwachung und eine
Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Bränden nach dem Prinzip der
Luftprobenansaugung beschrieben.
Ober zwei Ansaugrohrsysteme werden repräsentative Teilmengen aus der Raumluft
oder Kühlluft eines zu überwachenden gefährdeten Bereichs entnommen
und einem Detektor zum Erkennen einer Brandkenngröße zugeführt.In DE19605637 C1 a method for air flow monitoring and a device for detecting fires according to the principle of Luftprobenansaugung is described.
Above two intake pipe systems, representative partial quantities are taken from the room air or cooling air of a hazardous area to be monitored and supplied to a detector for detecting a fire parameter.
Als wichtige Voraussetzung zur Früherkennung von Bränden wird die Erkennung von
unerwünschten Störungen im Ansaugsystem, beispielsweise
durch Verstopfungen der Ansaugöffnungen oder Brüche im Ansaugrohrsystem
gewertet.
Dabei spielt die kontinuierliche Zuführung eines definierten Luftvotumens zur
Melderkammer eine wichtige Rolle.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird die Verwendung von jeweils einem Luftstromsensor
für jede der beiden Ansaugleitungen vorgeschlagen, deren Ausgangssignale
abgeglichen und zur Überwachung des Luftstroms verwendet werden. As an important prerequisite for the early detection of fires, the detection of unwanted disturbances in the intake system, for example
assessed by blockages of the intake or breaks in the intake manifold.
The continuous supply of a defined Luftvotumens to the detector chamber plays an important role.
To solve this problem, the use of a respective air flow sensor for each of the two intake lines is proposed, whose output signals are adjusted and used to monitor the air flow.
Als weitere Maßnahme zur sicheren Detektion einer Brandkenngroße wird die
mögliche Anordnung eines zweiten Detektors in einer zweiten Melderkammer
des Brandmelders vorgeschlagen.
Nähere Angaben zu deren Art oder Verwendung
werden jedoch nicht gemacht.As a further measure for the reliable detection of a fire characteristic, the possible arrangement of a second detector in a second detector chamber of the fire detector is proposed.
Details of their nature or use
are not made.
Die meisten der bisher bekannt gewordenen Entwicklungen zu selbstansaugendenBrandmeldeeinrichtungen haben es sich zu Ziel gesetzt, eine sichere Früherkennung von Bränden schon in der Entstehungsphase zu erreichen.Most of the developments that have become known so far self-priming fire alarms have set themselves the goal of a to achieve safe early detection of fires already in the development phase.
Dazu wurden zahlreiche Verbesserungen in den Ansaugsystemen oder
in der Empfindlichkeit (Ansprechschwelle) der verwendeten (optischen)
Detektoren vorgeschlagen.
Um eine Verbesserung der Empfindlichkeit von Detektorsystemen zu erreichen,
und den Einfluß von Stör- oder Täuschungsgrößen trotzdem gering zu halten
wurden verschiedene Vorschläge gemacht.In addition numerous improvements in the intake systems or
in the sensitivity (threshold) of the used (optical) detectors proposed.
In order to achieve an improvement in the sensitivity of detector systems, and still keep the influence of noise or deception sizes small, various proposals have been made.
So ist aus der DE4231088 A1 Feueralarmsystem bekannt, welches einen nach dem
Streulichtprinziep arbeitenden Rauchdetektor umfaßt, dessen Streulichtempfänger
in unterschiedlichen Streuwinkeln positioniert sein können.
Um ein genaueres Bild der im Probevolumen befindlichen Partikel zu erhalten,
wird vorgeschlagen, das optischen Streulichtmeßsystem zusätzlich mit einem
Polarisationsfilter auszustatten und den Polarisationsgrad des gestreuten Lichts zu
bestimmen.
Aus der eindeutigen Korrelation zwischen Polarisationsgrad und Streuwinkel läßt
sich dann auf einen bestimmten Rauchtyp schließen.
Durch experimentelle Versuche mit Testbränden wurden unterschiedliche Muster von
Rauchtypen mit Schwellwerten in Datenbanken gespeichert, die dann mit den
Ergebnissen der Streulicht- und Polarisationsmessung verglichen werden.
Aus dem Vergleich beider Rauchmuster sollen sich dann Hinweise auf den Feuertyp
ergeben.Thus, DE4231088 A1 discloses a fire alarm system which comprises a smoke detector operating according to the scattered light principle, whose scattered light receivers can be positioned at different scattering angles.
In order to obtain a more accurate picture of the particles in the sample volume, it is proposed to additionally equip the optical scattered light measuring system with a polarization filter and to determine the degree of polarization of the scattered light.
From the clear correlation between the degree of polarization and scattering angle can then be concluded that a certain type of smoke.
Experimental tests with test fires have been used to store different patterns of smoke types with thresholds in databases, which are then compared to the results of scattered light and polarization measurements.
From the comparison of both smoke patterns should then give indications of the fire type.
In der EP-A-1 006 5000 wird ein punktförmiger (point-type) Rauchmelder beschrieben, der einen Rauchsensor und/oder einen Gassensor sowie eine Ansaugvorrichtung und einen Strömungssensor enthält. Ziel dieser Schrift ist eine Lösung für minimale oder fehlende Luftzirkulation in der unmittelbaren Umgebung (im Zentimeter bis Meter-Bereich) des punktförmigen Brandmelders. Diese punktförmigen Melder haben einen eingeschränkten Überwachungsbereich, der neben den physikalischen Grenzen zusätzlich durch die entsprechenden nationalen Normen/Vorschriften vorgegeben wird. Somit ist zur Überwachung mehrerer Räume oder von mehreren Objekten eine bestimmte Anzahl von Brandmeldem notwendig, die alle eine entsprechende aufwendige Stromversorgung und ein Kommunikationsmedium zur zentralen Kontrolleinheit benötigen.EP-A-1 006 5000 discloses a point-type smoke detector described, the smoke sensor and / or a gas sensor and a Contains suction device and a flow sensor. The aim of this writing is a Solution for minimal or no air circulation in the immediate area (in Centimeter to meter range) of the punctiform fire detector. These point detectors have a limited surveillance area, the in addition to the physical limits additionally by the corresponding national Standards / regulations. Thus, to monitor multiple rooms or of a number of objects a certain number of fire alarms necessary, all a corresponding elaborate power supply and a Need communication medium to the central control unit.
Dieser Brandmelder mit einer integrierten Ansaugvorrichtung unterscheidet sich
wesentlich vom Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, denn sie entnimmt nicht wie
die in dieser Schrift beschriebene selbstansaugende Brandmeldeeinrichtung über ein
oder mehrere Ansaugrohre mit Ansaugöffnungen Luftproben.
Deshalb ist eine Vielzahl von Brandmeldem zur Detektion in verschiedenen
Räumen/Objekten notwendig. Insbesondere können nicht wie im Fall der in dieser
Schrift beschriebenen selbstansaugenden Brandmeldeeinrichtung Luftproben in
unmittelbare Nähe des potentiellen Brandherdes entnommen werden, der bis über
einhundert Meter vom Brandmelder entfernt sein kann.This fire detector with an integrated intake differs significantly from the subject matter of the present invention, because it does not take as the self-priming fire alarm device described in this document via one or more intake pipes with suction air samples.
Therefore, a variety of fire alarms for detection in different rooms / objects is necessary. In particular, it is not possible, as in the case of the self-priming fire detection device described in this document, to take air samples in the immediate vicinity of the potential source of the fire, which may be more than one hundred meters away from the fire detector.
Aus US-A 5 280 272 ist nicht zu entnehmen, daß die Streulicht-Messwerte von mindestens 2 Streuwinkeln gleichzeitig gemessen bzw. parallel erhalten werden. Nur die Verbindungslinien der Abbildungen lassen einen solchen Schluß nicht zu. Stand der Technik ist, daß über einen Multiplexer die einzelnen Messkanäle seriell erfaßt werden und damit eine Mikro - bis Millisekunden Zeitversetzung der Erfassung der einzelnen Meßwerte besteht. From US-A 5,280,272 it can not be deduced that the scattered light measured values of At least 2 scattering angles are measured simultaneously or obtained in parallel. Just the connecting lines of the illustrations do not permit such an inference. was standing The technique is that via a multiplexer, the individual measurement channels detected serially and thus a micro - to milliseconds time offset of the detection of the individual measured values.
In der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung ist an mehreren Stellen auf die Bedeutung der erfindungsgemäßen Gleichzeitigkeit der Messung hingewiesen worden. Im Gegensatz hierzu wird in der Patentschrift US-A-5 280 272 auch explizit, das nacheinander Messen der Streulichtsignale durch eine Drehvorrichtung des Empfängers in Betracht gezogen.In the present patent application is in several places on the importance of Simultaneous measurement of the invention has been pointed out. in the In contrast, in the patent US-A-5,280,272 also explicitly, the successively measuring the scattered light signals by a rotating device of the Receiver considered.
Auch bei dieser bekannten Brandmeldeeinrichtung sind keine Angaben zur sicheren Unterscheidung zwischen immer vorhandenen Stör- und Täuschungsgrößen und den als Brandkenngröße in Erscheinung tretenden Rauchpartikel zu finden.Even with this known fire alarm device no information is safe Distinction between always existing disturbance and deception sizes and the to find as a fire characteristic emerging smoke particles.
Aus den bekannten Nachteilen des Standes der Technik leitet sich
daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ab, eine Brandmeldeeinrichtung der
gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, welche Entstehungsbrände an unterschiedlichen
Orten durch eine einziges Gerät frühzeitig mit hoher Empfindlichkeit detektiert
und trotzdem in der Lage ist, die Stör- oder Täuschungsgrößen von den
für die Brandentstehung und den Brandverlauf relevanten Brandkenngrößen sicher
zu unterscheiden.
Weiterhin soll die erfindungsgemäße Brandmeldeeinrichtung in der Lage sein,
entsprechend der Brandentwicklung verschiedene Alarmstufen zu generieren,
welche die Anwendung abgestufter flexibler Brandbekämpfungsmaßnahmen erlaubt.
Dabei soll eine Minimierung der Fehlalarmhäufigkeit bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der
Sensibilität des Systems erzielt werden.From the known disadvantages of the prior art, therefore, the object of the present invention is derived to provide a fire detection device of the generic type which detected fires at different locations by a single device early with high sensitivity and still able to disturb the or to differentiate deception sizes from the fire characteristics relevant to the fire development and the course of the fire.
Furthermore, the fire alarm device according to the invention should be able to generate according to the development of fire various alarm levels, which allows the use of graded flexible fire fighting measures. In this case, a minimization of false alarm frequency while increasing the sensitivity of the system can be achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des ersten Anspruchs gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of first claim solved.
In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung angegeben.In the subclaims are further advantageous embodiments of the invention specified.
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen ein hochempfindliches optisches
Streulichtmeßsystem durch zusätzliche Anordnung von einem oder mehreren
Gassensoren oder einem Gassensorarray zu ergänzen,
und die Meßgrößen der einzelnen Detektoren zu einer logischen
Alarmstufengenerierung zu verknüpfen.
Dabei sind sowohl das optische Streulichtmeßsystem, wie auch die Gassensoren
signaltechnisch mit einem Mikrocontroller-System und/oder einer
Brandmeldezentrale verbunden.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Brandmeldeeinrichtung
welches durch die Bildung eines Summensignals aus den in verschiedenen
Streuwinkeln des optischen Streulichtmeßsystems angeordneten
Empfangselementen detektierten Meßgrößen und den von den zusätzlich
angeordneten Gassensoren und/oder dem Gassensorarray detektierten Meßgrößen
gekennzeichnet ist.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausbildung der Erfindung sind die
Empfangselemente des Streulichtmeßsystems in Vorwärts- und
Rückwärtsstreurichtung angeordnet und deren Signalverarbeitung derart ausgebildet,
dass für die in einem definierten Probenvolumen befindlichen Partikeln
charakteristischen Parameter, wie Partikelfarbe, Größe und Konzentration durch die
gleichzeitige Erfassung der in Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsstreuwinkelbereichen
detektierten Signalen bestimmbar sind.According to the invention, it is proposed to supplement a highly sensitive optical scattered light measuring system by additional arrangement of one or more gas sensors or a gas sensor array,
and to link the measured variables of the individual detectors to a logical alarm level generation.
Both the optical scattered light measuring system, as well as the gas sensors are signal technically connected to a microcontroller system and / or a fire alarm panel.
The invention also relates to a method for operating this fire detection device which is characterized by the formation of a sum signal from the measured variables detected in different scattering angles of the optical scattered light measuring system and the measured variables detected by the additionally arranged gas sensors and / or the gas sensor array.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the receiving elements of the scattered light measuring system are arranged in the forward and backward scattering direction and their signal processing designed such that for the particles contained in a defined sample volume characteristic parameters such as particle color, size and concentration by the simultaneous detection of in forward and Rückwärtsstreuwinkelbereiche detected signals can be determined.
Die gleichzeitige Erfassung und Verarbeitung der unter den verschiedenen Winkeln
gestreuten Lichtstrahlen ist durch das Meßsystem Empfänger-Mikrocontroller-System
besonders wichtig.
Nur durch die gleichzeitige Erfassung und Verarbeitung der empfangenen
Streulichtsignale aus den unterschiedlichen Streulichtwinkeln ist eine
genaue Beschreibung der Partikelverteilung im Probenvolumen zu einem
bestimmten Zeitpunkt möglich, da es sich bei dem Probenvolumen um keine
statische Größe handelt, sondern sich dessen Parameter in Abhängigkeit von der
Strömungsgeschwindigkeit
der Ansaugeinrichtung ständig verändern.Simultaneous detection and processing of light rays scattered at different angles is particularly important through the receiver-microcontroller system.
Only by the simultaneous detection and processing of the received scattered light signals from the different scattered light angles a precise description of the particle distribution in the sample volume at a certain time is possible because it is not a static quantity in the sample volume, but its parameters as a function of the flow velocity of Constantly change the suction device.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausbildung der Erfindung können auch
Branddetektoren verschiedener Bauart, wie Temperaturmelder oder
lonisationsrauchmelder in der erfindungsgemäßen selbstansaugenden
Brandmeldeeinrichtung angeordnet und mit dem Mikrocontroller-System und/oder
der Brandmeldezentrale signaltechnisch verbunden werden.
Dabei ist neben der bevorzugten Anordnung dieser Detektoren sowie auch der
Gassensoren direkt im Ansaugstrom der Ansaugeinrichtung auch deren Anordnung
in einem Bypass zum Ansaugrohr möglich.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, fire detectors of various types, such as temperature or lonisationsrauchmelder can be arranged in the self-priming fire alarm device according to the invention and connected to the microcontroller system and / or the fire alarm panel signal technology.
In addition to the preferred arrangement of these detectors and the gas sensors directly in the intake of the suction and their arrangement in a bypass to the intake pipe is possible.
Erfindungsgemäß werden auch die von den letztgenannten Branddetektoren im Probenvolumen ermittelten Meßgrößen in die Signalverarbeitung der Brandmeldeeinrichtung einbezogen und anhand der in einer Datenbank gespeicherten Werte durch Bewertungsalgorithmen entsprechend gewichtet.According to the invention are also of the latter fire detectors in the sample volume measured quantities in the signal processing of Fire alarm device included and based on the in a database stored values are weighted accordingly by evaluation algorithms.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung eines hochempfindlichen optischen
Streulichtmeßsystems
zur Detektion von Rauchpartikeln eines Brandes in Kombination mit
Gassensoren und/oder eines Gassensorarrays in einer Brandmeldeeinrichtung zur
Detektion von Brandgasen oder/und brandlastspezifischen Gasen weist gegenüber
dem bekannten Stand der Technik zahlreiche Vorteile auf.
In einer fortgeschrittenen Brandphase bei zunehmender Temperatur erhöhte
Emissionen von Produkten der vollständigen Verbrennung, wie CO2 und H2O, sowie
Rußpartikel und Rauchaerosole auf Die Rauchpartikel unterschiedlicher Größe und
Verteilung lassen sich mit dem hochempfindlichen Streulichtmeßsystem sehr genau
nachweisen.The arrangement according to the invention of a highly sensitive optical scattered light measuring system for detecting smoke particles of a fire in combination with gas sensors and / or a gas sensor array in a fire detection device for the detection of combustion gases and / or fire-load specific gases has numerous advantages over the known prior art.
In an advanced fire phase with increasing temperature increased emissions of complete combustion products, such as CO2 and H2O, as well as soot particles and smoke aerosols The smoke particles of different size and distribution can be detected very accurately with the highly sensitive Streulichtmeßsystem.
Demgegenüber ermöglicht die Gassensorik nicht nur die zusätzliche frühzeitige
Detektion einer Brandentstehungskenngröße
sondern auch die Überprüfung und Wichtung der Meßergebnisse des
Streulichtsystems durch die Meßgrößen der Gassensoren oder des
Gassensorarrays.
Die zusätzlich angeordneten Gassensoren sind, wie allgemein bekannt, besonders
gut geeignet die schon,
zu Beginn eines Brandes entstehenden Brandgase, wie z.B. CO H2, CH4sowie
längerkettige gesättigte und ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe und
Schwefelverbindungen zuverlässig zu detektieren. Durch die Verknüpfung und
logische Verarbeitung der jeweiligen Brandkenngrößen ist eine sichere Alarmierung
früher als bei den bisher bekannten selbstansaugenden Systemen möglich.
Eine Alarmierung erfolgt jedoch nur dann und in verschiedenen voreinstellbaren
Stufen, wenn die Signalauswertung des optischen Streulichtmeßsystems bestimmte
Schwellwerte erreicht oder übersteigt und gleichzeitig auch der oder die
Gassensoren Brandgase detektieren.
Durch Verwendung mehrerer unterschiedliche Gasarten detektierende Sensoren
oder eines Sensorarrays ist eine breitbandige Gasanalyse der angesaugten
Luftproben möglich.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der Gasdetektion ist durch die Kenntnis der Art der aus
dem Überwachungsbereich zu erwartenden Brand- oder Schwelgase möglich.In contrast, the gas sensor not only allows the additional early detection of a fire formation characteristic but also the verification and weighting of the measurement results of the scattered light system by the measured variables of the gas sensors or the gas sensor array.
The additionally arranged gas sensors are, as is generally known, particularly well suited to reliably detect the combustion gases already produced at the beginning of a fire, such as CO.sub.2
An alarm is, however, only then and in various presettable levels, when the signal evaluation of the optical scattered light measuring system reaches or exceeds certain thresholds and at the same time also detect the gas sensors or the fire gases.
By using a plurality of different types of gas detecting sensors or a sensor array is a broadband gas analysis of the sucked air samples possible.
Further improvement of gas detection is possible by knowing the type of fire or carbonization gases expected from the monitoring area.
So sind die häufigste Ursache für Entstehungsbrände in Kabelschächten oder anderen Hohl- und Zwischenräumen von Geräten und Anlagen, die darin verlaufenden elektrischen Kabel, Anschlüsse und Verbindungen.Thus, the most common cause of incipient fires in cable ducts or other cavities and interstices of equipment and installations therein extending electrical cables, connections and connections.
Die meist engbegrenzten Überhitzungen können zu Schwelbränden führen, bei
denen materialspezifische, gasförmige Produkte (Pyrolysegase) wie HCL in
unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen freigesetzt werden.
Die zur Verwendung in der Brandmeldeeinrichtung vorzusehenden Gassensoren
können dann in Abhängigkeit von den nachzuweisenden Gasen aus einer Vielzahl
unterschiedlicher Meßzellen (Gassensoren) ausgewählt werden und erlauben den
meßtechnischen Nachweis schon von sehr geringen Gaskonzentrationen im ppb-Bereich.
Wie auch bei der Rauchpartikeldetektion durch das optische Streulichtmeßsystem,
werden in der Gassensorik entsprechende Brandmuster ermittelt (Testbrände) und
elektronisch gespeichert. The most limited overheating can lead to smoldering fires in which material-specific, gaseous products (pyrolysis gases) such as HCL are released in different concentrations.
The gas sensors to be provided for use in the fire detection device can then be selected depending on the gases to be detected from a plurality of different measuring cells (gas sensors) and allow the metrological detection of very low gas concentrations in the ppb range.
As with the smoke particle detection by the optical scattered light, corresponding fire patterns are determined in the gas sensor (test fires) and stored electronically.
Die derart erhaltenen Datenbanken werden beispielsweise in den Speicherbereich
des Mikrocontroler-Systems implementiert und stehen den aktuell ermittelten
Meßgrößen als Vergleichsdaten zur Verfügung.
Der Vergleich und die Wichtung der von den verschiedenen Brandmeldem der
erfindungsgemäßen Brandmeldeeinrichtung ermittelten Meßgrößen erlaubt daher
eine frühzeitige und sichere Branderkennung.
Fehlalarme durch Stör- oder Täuschungsgrößen können weitestgehend
ausgeschlossen werden.
Werden die Daten der Branderkennungseinrichtung oder mehrerer solcher
Einrichtungen durch eine zentrale Monitoreinheit, vorzugsweise eine
Brandmeldezentrale verarbeitet, ist es durch zyklische Abfragen der einzelnen
Branddetektoren auch möglich den Brandverlauf zeitlich genauer zu charakterisieren
und eine Brandverlaufsanalyse zu erstellen.
Diese kann dann sehr nützlich zur Einleitung von Gegenmaßnahmen verwendet
werden und zur Bestimmung entsprechend des Gefährdungsgrades abgestuften
Vorwarnzeiten dienen.
Es liegt auch in dem Bereich der Erfindung die beschriebene Brandmeldeeinrichtung
ohne Selbstansaugung zu betreiben.
So ist es durchaus möglich die erfindungsgemäße Brandmeldeeinrichtung
in einen Lüftungsschacht oder Ähnlichen anzuordnen in welchem ein Luftstrom
mit einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit fließt.
Die Probennahme kann dann z. B. durch entsprechend dimensionierte Öffnungen
im Gehäuse der Brandmeldeeinrichtung erfolgen.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung sollen nun Anhand von Zeichnungen und eines
Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert werden.The databases thus obtained are for example implemented in the memory area of the microcontroller system and are available to the currently determined measured variables as comparison data.
The comparison and the weighting of the measured variables determined by the various fire alarms of the fire alarm device according to the invention therefore permit an early and reliable fire detection.
False alarms due to disturbance or deception can be excluded as far as possible.
If the data of the fire detection device or several such devices are processed by a central monitoring unit, preferably a fire alarm panel, it is also possible by cycling the individual fire detectors to characterize the fire history more accurately and to create a fire history analysis.
This can then be used very useful for the initiation of countermeasures and serve for the determination according to the degree of danger graded forewarning.
It is also within the scope of the invention to operate the fire detection device described without self-priming.
So it is quite possible to arrange the fire detection device according to the invention in a ventilation shaft or the like in which a flow of air flows at a certain speed.
The sampling can then z. B. by appropriately sized openings in the housing of the fire detection device.
Further details of the invention will now be explained with reference to drawings and an embodiment.
Es zeigen :
- Fig. 1
- die erfindungsgemäße Brandmeldeeinrichtung mit einem Ansaugrohr,
- Fig. 2
- einen Flußplan zur Signalverarbeitung des Streulichtmeßsystems und der zusätzlich angeordneten Detektoren,
- Fig. 3
- ein Blockschaltbild der einzelnen Systemkomponenten der Brandmeldeeinrichtung
- Fig. 1
- the fire detection device according to the invention with an intake pipe,
- Fig. 2
- a flow chart for signal processing of the scattered light measuring system and the additionally arranged detectors,
- Fig. 3
- a block diagram of the individual system components of the fire detection device
Fig. 1 zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Brandmeldeeinrichtung 2, welche über das
Ansaugrohr 1 mit dem Anlagen- oder Raumbereich, der auf eine mögliche
Brandentstehung überwacht werden soll, verbunden ist.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform können auch mehrere Ansaugrohre mit mehreren
Ansaugöffnungen angeordnet sein, oder die Ansaugrohre können als flexible
Schläuche, deren Öffnungen Luft auch aus schwer zugänglichen Anlagenbereichen
ansaugen, ausgebildet sein.Fig. 1 shows the
In a further embodiment, it is also possible to arrange a plurality of intake pipes with a plurality of intake openings, or the intake pipes can be designed as flexible hoses whose openings also suck in air from system areas which are difficult to access.
Die Luftproben werden kontinuierlich mittels Ansauglüfter 3 mit einer einstellbaren
konstanten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit angesaugt und der Meßkammer
(Probenvolumen) der Brandmeldeeinrichtung 2 zugeführt.
Unter Berücksichtigung zulässiger maximaler ransportzeiten, kann das
Ansaugrohmetz beispielsweise auf Längen von bis zu 200 m ausgelegt sein.
Mit dem Luftstromsensor 10 wird die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der angesaugten
Luft
gemessen und mit dem eingestelltem Sollwert verglichen.
Bei unzulässigen Abweichungen wird eine Störungsmeldung ausgelöst.The air samples are continuously sucked by means of
Taking into account permissible maximum transport times, the intake roughing network can be designed, for example, for lengths of up to 200 m.
With the
In the case of impermissible deviations, a fault message is triggered.
Lichtquelle 4, Empfängerelemente 6,8 und die Fokussieroptiken 5,7 werden dabei
jeweils durch Plexiglasabschirmungen (nicht eingezeichnet) vom Probenvolumen des
angesaugten Rauchgases getrennt.
Für Einsatzbereiche mit höheren Luftgeschwindigkeiten, wie bei Abluft- und
Klimakanälen, kann auch die sogenannte Bypass-Technik verwendet werden.
Dabei werden über ein Rohrsystem ständig Luftproben aus dem zu überwachenden
Kanal entnommen und durch die Meßkammer des Streulichtmeßsystems geleitet wo
auch die Gassensoren 9 angeordnet sein können. Light source 4,
For applications with higher air velocities, such as exhaust air and air conditioning ducts, the so-called bypass technique can also be used.
In this case, air samples are constantly removed from the channel to be monitored via a pipe system and passed through the measuring chamber of the scattered light where also the
In dem in Fig. 1 dargestelltem Standard-Meßaufbau ist das hochempfindliche
Rauchpartikel Meßsystem 16 (Fig. 2) im rechten Winkel zum Luftstrom angeordnet
und durch die genannten Plexiglasscheiben abgeschirmt.
Es besteht aus einer hochenergetischen schmalbandigen Lichtquelle, vorzugsweise
einer Laserdiode 4 mit Kollimationsoptik zur Erzeugung von Streulichtintensitäten an
Rauchpartikeln im Kollimationsbrennpunkt, dazu einer gegenüberliegenden
Strahlenfalle, die den Laserstrahl absorbiert, sowie jeweils einer Sammel- und
Fokussieroptik 5,7,welche das gestreute Licht des zugeordneten
Raumwinkelsegments auf die jeweiligen Empfangselemente 6,8 (optische
Detektoren) abbilden.
Das Detektionsvolumen ist für die genaue Analyse so klein wie möglich zu halten
und wird im wesentlichen bestimmt durch das Schnittvolumen der Brennpunkte der
Linsensysteme mit dem Durchmesser des Laserstrahls in dessen Kollimations-Brennpunkt.
Dabei sind die Empfangselemente 6,8 und die Sammel- und Fokussieroptiken 5,7
derart angeordnet, dass die gestreuten Lichtstrahlen aus den Raumwinkelsegmenten
von Vorwärtsrichtung und Rückwärtsrichtung detektiert werden.In the standard measuring setup shown in Fig. 1, the high sensitivity smoke particle measuring system 16 (Fig. 2) is arranged at right angles to the air flow and shielded by said Plexiglas panes.
It consists of a high-energy narrow-band light source, preferably a laser diode 4 with collimating optics for generating scattered light intensities of smoke particles in the Kollimationsbrennpunkt, to an opposite radiation trap that absorbs the laser beam, and each of a collection and focusing optics 5.7, which the scattered light of the associated Plan solid angle segment on the
The detection volume is to be kept as small as possible for accurate analysis and is essentially determined by the intersection of the focal points of the lens systems with the diameter of the laser beam in its collimation focal point.
In this case, the receiving
Das vorwärts- und rückwärtsgestreute Licht erzeugt dann in den
Empfängerelementen ein der empfangenen Streulichtintensität proportionales
elektrisches Signal welches in dem angeschlossenem Mikrocontroller-System 13
und/oder einer Brandmeldezentrale 15 verarbeitet und gespeichert wird.The forward and backward scattered light then generates in the
Receiver elements of the received scattered light intensity proportional
electrical signal which in the
Die nach diesem Meßprinzip gewonnenen Meßwerte stehen im Verhältnis zur
Rauchpartikelkonzentration, aber auch zu Partikeleigenschaften wie Form Farbe und
Größe.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Branderkennungssystems wird die
hochenergetische Lichtquelle (z. B. Laserdiode) mit einer gepulsten Treiberschaltung
angesteuert, was die Lebensdauer der Lichtquelle um ein Vielfaches erhöht. The measured values obtained by this measurement principle are related to the smoke particle concentration, but also to particle properties such as shape color and size.
In an advantageous embodiment of the fire detection system, the high-energy light source (eg laser diode) is driven by a pulsed driver circuit, which increases the service life of the light source many times over.
Die modulierten Lichtimpulse sind nur dann von der Steuerelektronik 13 auszulösen,
wenn eine erneute Streulichtmessung erfolgen soll.
Erfindungsgemäß werden ein- oder mehrere Gassensoren 9 oder ein aus mehreren
Gassensoren bestehendes Gassensorarray im Ansaugstrom oder einem Bypass
angeordnet und über Signalleitungen mit dem Mikrocontroller-System 13 und/oder
der Brandmeldezentrale 15 verbunden.
Dabei können verschiedene Gasmelder oder ein Gassensorarray zum Einsatz
kommen und unterschiedliche, eine frühe Brandentstehungsphase kennzeichnende
Brandgase detektieren.
Das sind insbesondere die frühzeitig entstehenden Gase, wie CO, H2, CH4, sowie
längerkettige gesättigte und ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe und
Schwefelverbindungen,
aber auch brandlastspezifische Gase (z.B. HCL), wie sie bei der thermischen
Zersetzung von PVC entstehen, lassen sich durch die Verwendung
spezieller Gassensoren sicher detektieren.
Die logische Verarbeitung und Verknüpfung der Streulichtsignale mit den
Meßgrößen der Gassensorik erlaubt die erfindungsgemäße inteiligente
Branderkennung.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es auch möglich zur Signalverarbeitung der Streulicht- und der
anderen Detektor Signale und in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten Analysekriterien einoder
mehrere Mikroprozessoren als dezentrale Recheneinheiten zu verwenden.The modulated light pulses are only triggered by the
According to the invention, one or
Various gas detectors or a gas sensor array can be used here and detect different fire gases that characterize an early fire development phase.
These include, in particular, the early formation of gases, such as CO, H2, CH4, as well as longer-chain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds, but also fire-load-specific gases (eg HCL), such as those arising from the thermal decomposition of PVC, can be achieved through the use of special gas sensors safely detect.
The logical processing and linking of the scattered light signals with the measured variables of the gas sensor allows the invention inteiligente fire detection.
According to the invention, it is also possible to use signal processing of the scattered light and the other detector signals and, depending on the analysis criteria used, one or more microprocessors as decentralized computing units.
In Fig. 2 sind die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte zur Signalverarbeitung der Branderkennungseinrichtung dargestellt.In Fig. 2, the individual process steps for signal processing of Fire detection device shown.
Gemäß der auf das Streulichtmeßsystem anzuwendenden Mie-Streulicht-Theorie
hängen Richtung und Intensität des an einem Partikel gestreuten Lichtes von dessen
Form, Farbe, und Größe sowie der Lichtwellenlänge ab.
Sind Lichtwellenlänge, optische Leistung und die Streuwinkel durch entsprechende
Anordnung der Empfangselemente
bekannt und werden die gemessenen Streulichtintensität logisch verknüpft,
lassen sich Rückschlüsse auf die Eigenschaften und Verteilung (Konzentration) der
Rauchpartikel im Probenvolumen ziehen.
Noch genauere Aussagen erhält man durch die Streulicht-Intensitätsmessung von
mehr als zwei Streuwinkeln 17, 18, 19.
Erfindungsgemäß bringt die zeitgleiche Messung und Auswertung des in
Vorwätsrichtung gestreuten Lichtanteils 17 mit dem in Rückwätsrichtung gestreuten
Lichtanteils 18 eine zur Brandbestimmung gut verwertbare Aussage.
In der angegebenen Ausführung haben sich als praktische brauchbare Werte für die
Streuwinkelsegmente für den jeweiligen Meßkanal in Vorwärtsrichtung etwa 20 ° +/-
4° und in Rückwärtsrichtung 160° +/- 4°
erwiesen.
Weitere Streulichtdetektoren (Empfangselemente) werden vorzugsweise in den von
starken Intesitätsänderungen betroffenen Winkelbereich zwischen 5° und 45°
angeordnet.
Danach läßt sich eine oder mehrere Intensitätskennzahlen aus Vektorsummen der
winkelabhängigen Streulichtintensitäten ermitteln
und eine oder mehrere Partikeleigenschaftskennzahlen aus den logarithmierten
Verhältnissen der winkelabhängigen Streulichtintensitätenbestimmen.
Nach der Erfassung der Werte einzelner Streulichtintensitäten aus den
verschiedenen Raumwinkeln 17, 18, 19, werden diese im nächsten Verfahrensschritt
20 zu einem Eigenschaftsvektor normiert (Klassifizierung z. B. nach Größe, Farbe
und Brechungsindex). In der Rauchaerosol-Datenbank 21 sind Vergleichsdaten
zulässiger ermittelter Raucheigenschaften abgespeichert.
Der aus 20 erhaltene Eigenschaftsvektor und die in 21 abgelegten Vergleichsdaten
werden dann zur Rauch-Identitätskennzahl verknüpft 22.
Die Rauch-Streulichtintensität des hochempfindlichen Meßkreises 23 wird dann im
Verfahrensschritt 27 mit den vom Gassensor 24 ermittelten Meßgrößen bewertet. According to the Mie scattered light theory to be applied to the scattered light measuring system, the direction and intensity of the light scattered by a particle depend on its shape, color, and size as well as the wavelength of the light.
If light wavelength, optical power and the scattering angles are known by appropriate arrangement of the receiving elements and the measured scattered light intensity is logically linked, conclusions can be drawn about the properties and distribution (concentration) of the smoke particles in the sample volume.
Even more accurate statements are obtained by the scattered light intensity measurement of more than two scattering
According to the invention, the simultaneous measurement and evaluation of the
In the given embodiment, practical useful values for the scattering angle segments for the respective measuring channel in the forward direction have been found to be about 20 ° +/- 4 ° and in the backward direction 160 ° +/- 4 °.
Further scattered-light detectors (receiving elements) are preferably arranged in the angle range between 5 ° and 45 ° which is affected by strong changes in intensity.
Thereafter, one or more intensity measures from vector sums of the angle-dependent scattered light intensities can be determined and one or more particle property indices can be determined from the logarithmic ratios of the angle-dependent scattered light intensities.
After the values of individual scattered light intensities from the different
The property vector obtained from FIG. 20 and the comparison data stored in FIG. 21 are then linked 22 to the smoke identity index.
The smoke-scattered light intensity of the highly
Zusätzlich können auch die Meßgrößen eines optionalen Rauchsensors
(lonisationsrauchmelder oder optischer Rauchmelder) 25 und/oder eines optionalen
Temperaturmelders 26 in die Bewertung einbezogen werden.
Die Bewertung der einzelnen Meßgrößen und der gegenseitigen Abhängigkeit erfolgt
mit Hilfe von Algorithmen und Vergleichsanalysen, die auf Daten von Testbränden in
einer Datenbank 28 zurückgreifen.In addition, the measured variables of an optional smoke sensor (ionization smoke detector or optical smoke detector) 25 and / or an
The evaluation of the individual measured variables and the interdependence is carried out with the aid of algorithms and comparative analyzes, which use data from test fires in a
Das weitere Verfahren sieht dann den Vergleich des aus Verfahrensschritt 27
erhaltenen Summensignals mit vorparametrierten Schwellenwerten vor und führt
bei entsprechenden Vergleichsergebnissen zur Ansteuerung und Anzeige
zugeordneter Alarmstufen 29.
Zusätzlich kann auch die optionale Einzelanzeige oder Einzelansteuerung 30 von
Alarmstufen individueller Kenngrößen im Vergleich mit dem zugeordneten
individuellen Schwellenwert vorgesehen werden.
Beispielsweise kann CO-Alarm ausgelöst werden bei Überschreitung einer
Höchstkonzentration unbeachtlich weiterer Meßgrößen.
Auch für das Streulichtmeßsystem 16 kann eine optionale Einzelanzeige oder
Einzelansteuerung von Alarmstufen vorgesehen werden.The further method then provides for the comparison of the sum signal obtained from
In addition, the optional individual display or
For example, CO alarm can be triggered when exceeding a maximum concentration irrelevant to other measures.
For the scattered
Fig. 3 zeigt das Blockschaltbild der Systemkomponenten der erfindungsgemäßen
Branderkennungseinrichtung.
Die beiden hochempfindlichen Meßkreise 32 und 33 verarbeiten jeweils die von den
Empfangselementen 6,8 gelieferten Streusignale.
Die Laserdiode als Lichtquelle wird von einer Lasertreiberschaltung 34 impulsförmig
angesteuert, wobei die Impulse durch das Mikrocontroller-System 13 geliefert
werden.
Vorteilhafterweise wird der Diodenlaser nur zum Meßzeitpunkt betrieben, was zu
einer Vervielfachung der Laserlebensdauer führt.
Die Gassensorik 35 und der optionale Temperaturmelder 37 sind ebenfalls über
einen
A/D-Wandler mit dem Mikrocontroller-System 13, verbunden.
Von besonderer Bedeutung sind die Abtast-Halte Schaltung 36, welche durch die
Triggerimpulse des Mikrocontroler-Systems die zeitgleiche Erfassung der Streulicht-Meßwerte
ermöglicht.
Dadurch lassen sich erfindungsgemäß genauere Angaben über die Konzentration
und Eigenschaften der im Probenvolumen enthaltenen Rauchaerosole erzielen,
insbesondere statistische Aussagen zum Auftrittsverhalten von bestimmten
Partikeleigenschaftskennzahlen lassen eine gute Selektion für die
Weiterverarbeitung möglich werden.
Das Mikrocontroller-System 13 führt die Analysealgorithmen durch und bewertet
Gas- und Streulichtmeßkreise , speichert Daten und Ereignisse,
steuert ereignisbedingt Anzeigen und periphere Einheiten, führt die Kommunikation
mit anschließbarer Peripherie 38 sowie die Kompensation umweltbedingter
Aerosothintergrunddrift der empfindlichen Streulichtkreise durch. 3 shows the block diagram of the system components of the fire detection device according to the invention.
The two highly
The laser diode as the light source is driven in a pulse-shaped manner by a
Advantageously, the diode laser is operated only at the time of measurement, resulting in a multiplication of the laser life.
The
Of particular importance are the sample and hold
As a result, it is possible according to the invention to obtain more precise information about the concentration and properties of the smoke aerosols contained in the sample volume, in particular statistical statements on the occurrence behavior of specific particle property indices allow good selection for further processing.
The
- 11
- Ansaugeinrichtung mit AnsaugrohrSuction device with intake pipe
- 22
- BrandmeldeeinrichtungFire alarm device
- 33
- Ansauglüftersuction fan
- 44
- Hochenergetische schmalbandige Lichtquelle (z. B. Laserdiode)High-energy narrow-band light source (eg laser diode)
- 55
- Sammel- und Fokussieroptik für den ersten StreulichtmeßkreisCollecting and focusing optics for the first scattered light measuring circuit
- 66
- Empfangselement (Detektor) für den ersten StreuwinkelReceiving element (detector) for the first scattering angle
- 77
- Sammel- und Fokussieroptik für den zweiten StreulischtmeßkreisCollecting and focusing optics for the second Streulischtmeßkreis
- 88th
- Empfangselement (Detektor) für den zweiten StreuwinkelReceiving element (detector) for the second scattering angle
- 99
- Gassensor oder SensorarrayGas sensor or sensor array
- 1010
- LuftstromsensorAir flow sensor
- 1111
- Temperaturmelder oder WärmesensorTemperature detector or heat sensor
- 1212
- lonisationsrauchmelder oder optischer RauchmelderIonization smoke detector or optical smoke detector
- 1313
- Mikrocontroller-System (zur Meßsteuerung, Datenanalyse und Speicherung)Microcontroller system (for measurement control, data analysis and storage)
- 1414
- Anzeige- und Steuermodule (Relais, LCD, LEDs)Display and control modules (relays, LCD, LEDs)
- 1515
- Brandmeldezentrale (Gebäudeleittechnik, Leitstellen-PC)Fire alarm panel (building management system, control center PC)
- 1616
- Hochempfindliches Rauchpartikel-Streulicht-MeßsystemHighly sensitive smoke particle scattered light measuring system
- 1717
- Streulichtintensität aus Streuwinkel α1Scattered light intensity from scattering angle α1
- 1818
- Streulichtintensität aus Streuwinkel α2Scattered light intensity from scattering angle α2
- 1919
- Streulichtintensität aus Streuwinkel anScattered light intensity from scattering angle
- 2020
- Normierung der Werte zum EigenschaftsvektorNormalization of the values to the property vector
- 2121
- Rauchpartikel-Datenbank (Vergleichsdaten zulässiger ermittelter Raucheigenschaften)Smoke particle database (comparative data of permitted smoke properties)
- 2222
- Verarbeitung des Eigenschaftsvektors durch 21 und zeitliches Auftrittsverhalten zu Rauchintensitätskennzahl Processing of the property vector by 21 and temporal Performance behavior to smoke intensity index
- 2323
-
Rauch-Streulichtintensität des hochempfindlichen Meßkreises 16Smoke-scattered light intensity of the highly
sensitive measuring circuit 16 - 2424
- Gassensor (Brandgassensor) oder Sensorarray (z. B. CO-Sensor)Gas sensor (fire gas sensor) or sensor array (eg CO sensor)
- 2525
- Optionaler Rauchdetektor (lonisationsrauchdetektor, optischer Rauchdetektor)Optional smoke detector (ionisation smoke detector, optical smoke detector)
- 2626
- Optionaler Temperaturmelder (Temperatursensor)Optional temperature detector (temperature sensor)
- 2727
- Bewertung der intensitäten von Streulicht- und Gassensoren zum Summensignal mittels 29 und zeitlicher Korrelation, optional gehen auch die Meßgrößen des Temperaturmelders (26) und des Rauchdetektors (25) ein.Evaluation of the intensities of scattered light and gas sensors to the sum signal by means of 29 and temporal correlation, optional also go the measured variables of the temperature detector (26) and the smoke detector (25).
- 2828
- Bewertungsalgorithmen aus Datenbank ermittelter TestbrändeEvaluation algorithms from database determined test fires
- 2929
- Vergleich des Summensignals mit vorparametrierten Schwellwerten, Ansteuerung und Anzeige zugeordneter AlarmstufenComparison of the sum signal with pre-parameterized threshold values, Activation and display of assigned alarm levels
- 3030
- Optionale Einzelanzeige bzw. Ansteuerung von Alarmstufen individueller Kenngrößen aus dem Vergleich mit dem individuellem SchwellwertOptional individual display or control of individual alarm levels Characteristics from the comparison with the individual threshold
- 3131
- Optionale Einzelanzeige bzw. Ansteuerung von Alarmstufen des hochempfindlichen Streulichtmeßsystems zur FrühwamungOptional individual display or activation of alarm levels of the highly sensitive Streulichtmeßsystems to Frühwamung
- 3232
- Hochempfindlicher Meßkreis VorwärtsstreuwinketbereichHighly sensitive measuring circuit Forward scattering angle range
- 3333
- Hochempfindlicher Meßkreis RückwärtsstreuwinkelbereichHighly sensitive measuring circle Backward angle range
- 3434
- Lasertreiberschaltung, durch µP-Puls nur zur Meßzeit betriebenLaser driver circuit, operated by μP pulse only at measuring time
- 3535
- Meßkreis der GassensorikMeasuring circuit of the gas sensor
- 3636
- Abtast-Halte SchaltungenSample-and-hold circuits
- 3737
- Optionaler Temperatur- und/oder Rauchsensor-MeßkreisOptional temperature and / or smoke sensor measuring circuit
- 3838
- Periphere Konfigurations und Steuereinheiten (Konfigurations- und Monitoring-PC, Brandmelde- und Löschsteuerzentralen)Peripheral configuration and control units (Configuration and monitoring PC, fire alarm and extinguishing control panels)
Claims (7)
- A self-priming fire detection system for watching over fire-rated and/or explosion-rated installations and buildings, including one or a plurality of suction pipes (1) for controllable intake of ambient air from the area or areas that are being watched, a highly sensitive optical scattered-light measuring system (2, 16) having a highly energetic light source (4) and receiving elements (6, 8) for detection, said receiving elements (6, 8) of the scattered-light measuring system being connected to a microcontroller system (13) and/or to a central fire detection station (15) for data analysis and storage and additionally one or a plurality of gas sensors (9) or a gas sensor array detecting at least one kind of gas, characterized in that the optical measuring system and the gas sensor or sensors or the gas sensor array are disposed in the air flow of a common suction pipe or in a common bypass pipe of a suction pipe,at least two receiving elements (6, 8) of the scattered-light measuring system (2) being disposed relative to the to-be-measured volume of the sample flow coming from the suction pipe (1) in such a manner that the optical radiation scattered by the smoke particles is detected simultaneously in a forward scattering angle range and in a backward scattering angle range by means of a sample-and-hold circuit (36) and that the measured values concurrently obtained in the microcontroller system (13) or in a central fire detection station (15) are processable into a measurement value characterizing the aerosols in the to-be-measured volume,and the selection of the alarm stages to be triggered being adjustable as a function of the measurement value or values and of the local conditions in the area to be watched or of the specific purpose of utilization.
- The fire detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas sensor or sensors (9) are configured to be electrochemical gas sensors, semiconductor gas sensors, ion mobility spectrometers or pellistor gas sensors for detecting fire-evolved gases such as CO, H2, CH4 as well as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulphuric compounds having longer chains or specific gases produced by the fire load such as HCL, said sensors comprising different ranges of measurement for the same and/or for different kinds of gas.
- The fire detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that there are disposed further fire detectors (11, 12) operating according to different measurement principles such as for example ionization smoke detectors (12) or optical smoke detectors (preferably with wavelengths, sensitivity ranges or measurement principles different from those of the sensitive scattered-light system) (12) and/or temperature detectors (11) which are also signal-connected to the microcontroller system (13) and/or to the central fire detection station (15) for evaluating the measurement signals obtained in the sample volume.
- A method of operating a fire detection system according to one of the claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the various scattered light signals generated at the scattered light receivers (17, 18, 19) of the scattered-light measuring system (16) are transmitted to the microcontroller system (13) and that the measured values supplied by the additional one or plurality of gas sensors (9) or by the sensor array and also transmitted to the microcontroller (13) are concurrently processed into a composite signal (27), the thus created composite signal being then compared with pre-parameterized stored threshold values (29), the results of this comparison forming the basis of the decision-making process regarding enabling of alarm signals or/and alarm stages.
- The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the measurement values generated by the additionally disposed fire detectors (11, 12) such as the ionization smoke detector (12) and/or the temperature detector (11) are also taken into account for rating the composite signal (27).
- The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the evaluation of the measurement values of the various detectors is combined into a fire analysis and that the results thereof are displayed e.g., at (15, 38).
- The method according to one of the claims 5 through 7, characterized in that the selection of the alarm stages to be triggered is performed as a function of the measurement value or values of the various fire detectors (11, 12, 24, 25, 26), the composite signal of the scattered-light measurement system (13) and the total composite signal (27) and that this selection is adjustable as a function of the local conditions in the area to be watched or of the specific purpose of utilization.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10124280A DE10124280A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Self-priming fire alarm system |
DE10124280 | 2001-05-23 | ||
PCT/DE2002/001385 WO2002095705A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2002-04-15 | Self-aspirating fire detection system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1389331A1 EP1389331A1 (en) | 2004-02-18 |
EP1389331B1 true EP1389331B1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
Family
ID=7685294
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02737792A Expired - Lifetime EP1389331B1 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2002-04-15 | Self-aspirating fire detection system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1389331B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1462418A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE292316T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10124280A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2239232T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002095705A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2014059959A1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-24 | Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh | Arrangement for monitoring and earliest detection of fire for a plurality of potentially flammable or potentially explosive vessels and/or housings |
EP2839448B1 (en) | 2012-09-07 | 2015-07-22 | Amrona AG | Device and method for detecting scattered light signals |
US20220050039A1 (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-02-17 | Carrier Corporation | Photoelectric smoke sensor tube |
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AUPS056002A0 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2002-03-07 | Vision Products Pty Ltd | Improved smoke detector unit |
DE10300848B4 (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2005-02-17 | Hekatron Vertriebs Gmbh | Fire switch for ventilation systems |
DE10344188B3 (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-05-25 | Minimax Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for fire, smoke and function monitoring of rotor blades in wind turbines and wind energy plant |
DE10347030A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-05-04 | Ind Elektronik Gmbh | Method and device for the operation of building services systems including safety and monitoring functions |
DE102006011565B4 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2008-01-31 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Gas sensor system |
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DE102009011846B4 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2015-07-30 | MaxDeTec AG | Analytical methods and devices for fluids |
DE102010039230B3 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-01-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Evaluate scattered light signals in an optical hazard detector and issue a dust / steam warning or a fire alarm |
GB2513854A (en) | 2013-05-04 | 2014-11-12 | Protec Fire Detection Plc | Improvements in and relating to aspirating smoke detectors |
CN103956023A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-30 | 深圳市康凯斯信息技术有限公司 | Bluetooth based home security system |
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US9841400B2 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-12-12 | Fike Corporation | System and method for detecting smoldering in processes with continuous air flow |
EP3539104B1 (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2022-06-08 | Carrier Corporation | High sensitivity fiber optic based detection |
US11783688B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2023-10-10 | Carrier Corporation | Aspirating detector system |
EP3584774A1 (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-25 | Wagner Group GmbH | Detector for scattered light and suction fire detecting system with a detector for scattered light |
CN109030295A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽乐锦记食品有限公司 | A kind of bread processing anomaly alarming device smog extraction detection device |
CN109283108A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-29 | 安徽乐锦记食品有限公司 | A kind of bread processing anomaly alarming device |
DE102019117703A1 (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-07 | Kristina Döring | Device and method for detecting a fire in a storage and / or conveyor system |
CN110624198A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2019-12-31 | 国网河南省电力公司濮阳供电公司 | Fire extinguishing system for urban switching station |
DE102020127219A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | Fagus-Grecon Greten Gmbh Und Co Kg | Device and method for the metrological detection of fire-like phenomena, and system for eliminating a dangerous situation caused by a fire-like phenomenon |
CN113804517B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-05-03 | 浙江富春江环保科技研究有限公司 | Dioxin on-line measuring system based on boundary warning |
CN114419830A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏南工科技集团有限公司 | Pyrolysis particle fire detection early warning method based on weight algorithm technology |
CN115938062B (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-01-23 | 江苏荣夏安全科技有限公司 | Automatic fire extinguishing system and method for electrical equipment |
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-
2001
- 2001-05-23 DE DE10124280A patent/DE10124280A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-04-15 ES ES02737792T patent/ES2239232T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-15 WO PCT/DE2002/001385 patent/WO2002095705A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-04-15 AT AT02737792T patent/ATE292316T1/en active
- 2002-04-15 EP EP02737792A patent/EP1389331B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-15 CN CN02801569A patent/CN1462418A/en active Pending
- 2002-04-15 DE DE50202632T patent/DE50202632D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2839448B1 (en) | 2012-09-07 | 2015-07-22 | Amrona AG | Device and method for detecting scattered light signals |
WO2014059959A1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-24 | Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh | Arrangement for monitoring and earliest detection of fire for a plurality of potentially flammable or potentially explosive vessels and/or housings |
DE102012020127A1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-30 | Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh | Arrangement for monitoring and early fire detection for several fire and / or explosion-hazard vessels and / or housings |
US20220050039A1 (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-02-17 | Carrier Corporation | Photoelectric smoke sensor tube |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50202632D1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
WO2002095705B1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
ES2239232T3 (en) | 2005-09-16 |
EP1389331A1 (en) | 2004-02-18 |
DE10124280A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
ATE292316T1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
CN1462418A (en) | 2003-12-17 |
WO2002095705A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
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