Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
  • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
  • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
  • E04B2/7411—Details for fire protection

Definitions

• Insulating partition comprising cell u lose and suitable cellulosic material
• the present invention relates to a sound insulation partition. It has applications in the construction and layout of buildings.
• the invention also relates to a cellulosic material suitable for the partition.
• partition is understood here to correspond to any type of wall. It can therefore be either an interior partition or, more rarely, an exterior wall.
• Tests are defined in particular to measure the transmission of noise from one room to another. The noise level measured must be below a determined threshold before the construction can be placed on the market.
• Acoustic insulation can be obtained by using a massive masonry element of the structural type which has a large surface mass. Acoustic insulation can also be obtained by the use of so-called “mass-spring-mass” systems in which two substantially rigid walls but of reduced thickness are separated by a space called a construction void and which can be filled with a absorbent material by porosity and / or by resonance. In the following we will use the generic term of absorbent material.
• This type of partition will hereinafter be called a light partition and is the subject of the present invention. Lightweight partitions can be used both vertically and horizontally depending on the desired application. On the other hand, in certain applications one of the two substantially rigid walls can be replaced by a structural work of the wall, floor or ceiling type.
• a light partition is generally made up of a frame which is secured to the main structure and on which are fixed, parallel to each other, two substantially rigid walls with facings.
• Each of the walls is generally made up of a standard size rectangular facing made from plaster or wood.
• the facing is generally arranged small side to horizontal so that it is continuous between the floor and the ceiling in the direction of the height, at least in applications with a ceiling height less than or equal to the length of the facing. It is also possible to improve the insulation characteristics of the partition by using thicker walls. To this end, two or more facings of standard thickness can be joined in order to form each of the walls.
• the frame can be metallic and then comprises elements called rails which are horizontal and placed on the floor and ceiling as well as elements called uprights which are vertical and arranged between the rails at regular intervals which are generally related to the width of the facings forming the walls.
• rails furs and metal uprights, these are U-shaped, or even H-shaped depending on the applications.
• the frame may be wooden.
• a member of the frame which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the uprights will be called rail.
• the framework having a certain thickness, a construction void is created between the two walls.
• This construction void is generally filled with an absorbent material generally of the mineral wool or sometimes wood fiber type, in order to improve the insulation characteristics of the partition.
• the present invention which proposes an alternative solution which can be used both vertically and horizontally, relates to an acoustic insulation partition comprising:
• At least one thickness of a fibrous material the walls being arranged substantially parallel to a distance [between them and fixed to the framework by fixing means in order to internally define a construction void of transverse width [in which is disposed the fibrous material.
• the fibrous material is a self-supporting rectangular cellulosic mattress, substantially homogeneous, with a density of between 200 and 800 kg / m 3 , said mattress consisting essentially of fibers from paper processing. or recycled cardboard and practically free of lignin, the connection between the fibers within the mattress being obtained at least in part during the manufacture of the mattress by the wet method, said mattress having a thickness e such that e ⁇ 1 so that the mattress is not substantially compressed between the two walls, the index of contribution of sound insulation due to the absorbent inside said partition called ⁇ R and measured according to standards NF EN ISO 140-1, 143-3, NF EN 20140-2 and ISO 717/1, being at least 2 dB.
• self-supporting means that the mattress is rigid enough not to collapse or sag under the effect of its own weight.
• homogeneous means that the fibrous material constituting the mattress is distributed substantially uniformly in the thickness and throughout the mattress.
• the thickness e of the absorbent mattress is between 1 mm and 5 mm and is preferably around 3 mm
• the mattress is substantially flat, - the mattress has periodic folds such as ripples or ribs,
• the peak-to-peak amplitude of the folds is between 20 mm and 100 mm with a ⁇ [so that the mattress is not substantially compressed between the two walls,
• the periodicity of the folds is between 40 and 600 mm
• the ripples are sinusoidal
• the ripples are sawtooth or not
• the ribs are symmetrical slots or not
• the folds are in a direction parallel to the long side of the mattress
• the folds are in a direction perpendicular to the long side of the mattress
• the mattress is interposed between the framework and at least one of the two walls, in order to acoustically decouple said wall from said framework,
• the mattress is interposed between an upright of the frame and at least one of the two walls in order to acoustically decouple said wall from said upright, - the mattress is interposed between a rail of the frame and at least one of the two walls in order to acoustically decouple said wall from said rail,
• the mattress has a binder
• the mattress includes a blowing agent
• the blowing agent is an alkylene oxide
• the blowing agent is dosed up to 0.5% of active product relative to the dry fiber
• the mattress comprises at least one additive chosen from fire-retardants, products against moisture absorption, products for resistance to wet conditions, products against putrefaction and products against molds, - anti-fire are chosen from derivatives of halogen products,
• the fire retardants are chosen from boron derivatives
• the boron derivatives are boric acid and / or boron salts and / or phosphate salts
• the product against moisture uptake is a synthetic bonding polymer
• the product against moisture uptake is dosed between 0.25% and 0.5% of active product compared to dry fiber
• the wet resistance product is an amino-polyamide epichlorohydrin resin
• the wet resistance product is dosed up to 3% of active product compared to the dry fiber and is preferably dosed at 0.4%,
• the loading rate is advantageously less than 20%
• - the mattress is perforated by openings
• the average diameter of the openings is between 4 mm and 10 mm
• the perforation rate measured by the ratio of the total surface area of the openings to the total surface area of the mattress is less than 20%
• the openings are arranged on the sides of the corrugations or ribs,
• a first wall corresponds to a structural masonry element of the wall, floor or ceiling type, the mattress then being placed in the construction void defined between the masonry element and the second wall, (the term masonry covers both a structural work and plastering)
• the mattress is obtained by aspiration on a felt then formation of a cellulose pulp produced by recycling of cellulosic materials obtained by defibration of recovery paper or cardboard.
• the uprights of the frame are related to the length of the facing (s) forming the walls.
• the facings can be arranged horizontally and the vertical uprights are then related to the width of the facing (s).
• the present invention also relates to a fibrous material for use in an acoustic insulation partition comprising a framework, two walls each comprising at least one substantially rigid facing, at least one thickness of a fibrous material, the walls being arranged substantially parallel at a distance [between them and fixed to the framework by fixing means in order to internally define a construction void of transverse width [in which the fibrous material is disposed.
• the fibrous material is a cellulosic mattress according to any one of the preceding characteristics and optionally combined.
• the invention therefore uses a mattress produced by wet recycling of cellulosic materials from recovered paper or cardboard.
• recovered paper covers any product which was originally made from paper pulp using a mechanical, thermochemical or chemical papermaking process and, for example, newsprint, cardboard, cellulose packaging.
• the cellulosic materials which are crushed for the production of the mattress can therefore come from paper already recycled during several recycling cycles or come from paper produced from a virgin pulp produced from wood more generally. or other plants, straw for example. These materials can therefore have different characteristics depending on their origin and it is thus possible to modify the characteristics of the mattress by selecting and combining recovery papers of different origins. It is found in fact that a paper coming from a virgin pulp can have fibers of length on average greater than those of paper having undergone several recycles.
• the cellulosic fibers obtained by recycling fibers obtained initially by a papermaking process measure on average approximately 0.9 to 3 mm in length and 10 to 50 ⁇ m in width.
• FIG. 1 and 2 show a schematic front view of a partition
• - Fig ure 3 shows a vertical section of a partition at an upright
• FIG. 4 shows a horizontal section of a partition at an upright
• FIG. 5 shows acoustic decoupling methods.
• the example of a partition 1 of the vertical wall type and shown in the figures is produced from a metal frame 2 which comprises rails 21 at ground and ceiling level and uprights 22 disposed substantially vertically between said rails.
• the two walls 31, 32 which are used in this partition are produced by joining edge to edge of facings or rectangular plates of standardized size which can be cut to size and are, for example plaster-based plates.
• the frame and / or siding is made of wood.
• the first wall which is on the side of the observer is not shown so that the frame 2, the construction void and the second wall 32 are visible.
• the spacing between the uprights depends on the required mechanical performance.
• This structure shows three alternative embodiments of a self-supporting, substantially homogeneous cellulosic rectangular mattress 4 with a density between 200 and 800 kg / m 3 , said mattress consisting essentially of fibers from the processing of recycled paper and / or cardboard and practically free of lignin, the bond between the fibers within the mattress being obtained at least in part during the manufacture of the mattress by wet.
• the mattress has periodic folds of the ripple or rib type, the directions of which are either perpendicular or parallel, on the long side or length, of the mattress.
• the folds of the mattress 41 are horizontal, that is to say that the folds are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the uprights.
• the folds of the mattress 42 are vertical, that is to say that the folds are arranged in a direction parallel to the uprights.
• the mattress 43 is substantially planar.
• 58 cm).
• the dimension Mi is greater than the dimension Oj because when the mattress is placed in the construction void, it engages in part by one or preferably two of its edges along its length in the female part of an upright 22 like this. will be explained in relation to the following figures. This engagement of the edges of the mattress is shown in Figure 1 by dotted lines. It will be noted that, in addition to the length, that engagement of a mattress edge 41, 42, 43 across the width is also possible with the rails 21, that is to say at the bottom or at the top or at the bottom and up.
• the mattress is self-supporting, that is to say that it is rigid enough not to collapse on itself, this rig idity is not absolute, and it has a relative flexibility allowing it to temporarily deform , or even definitively depending on the case, during installation and, in particular, in order to be able to slide its edges along and / or. in width in the elements of the frame 2, whether the rails 21 and / or the uprights 22.
• the wall facing the observer has not been shown and all the construction voids have received rectangular mattresses of the type with parallel pleats on the long side.
• the mattresses which are used in this example initially measure 166 cm long by 58 cm wide.
• the height of the partition being 249 cm
• a complete mattress 41 a of 166 cm and a part 41 b of mattress cut to 83 cm in length must be associated in each void of construction between two adjacent uprights.
• the construction void at the right end of the partition being narrower than the others, the mattresses 41 'a and 41' b which are placed there are also cut across the width.
• the partition is seen transversely and in vertical section at the level of a rail 21 which is a metal profile of general U-shape on which the two walls 31 and 32 are fixed, for example by screws 5.
• a inside the construction void is arranged the first variant 41 of the mattress, therefore with horizontal folds.
• the peak-to-peak amplitude of the folds is such that the mattress is held in the rail 21 without however being substantially compressed by the walls 31 and 32.
• the mattress it is also possible for the mattress to be held in place by fixing on the rail, whether or not associated with pleat support.
• the amplitude of the undulations or ribs of the mattress which corresponds to the peak-to-peak distance in the direction of the thickness of the partition is a function of the width of the construction void so that the mattress is substantially free in the thickness of said space.
• the partition is seen in horizontal section at the level of an upright 22 on which the two walls 31 and 32, for example by screws 5.
• the walls 31 and 32 are produced by joining edge to edge of facings which meet at the uprights.
• Inside the construction void is disposed the second variant 42 of the mattress with vertical folds.
• the peak-to-peak amplitude of the folds is such that the mattress is held in the upright 22 without however being substantially compressed by the walls 31 and 32.
• the mattress is held in place by fixing on the upright, associated or not with pleat support.
• the dimensions indicated in FIGS. 1 to 4 are purely indicative and correspond to standard values in the field and other dimensions as well as other laying methods are envisaged.
• the latter is substantially planar,
• a reinforced partition is also envisaged, that is to say the walls of which have been "weighed down” by the use of a superposition of facings, generally two adjoining facings, for each of the walls.
• these facings are offset from each other which necessitates the use of a greater number of uprights because the facings are fixed to their edges on the framework.
• FIG. 5 representing a partition in vertical cross section
• a flat mattress 4 is arranged in the construction void created by the walls 31 and 32, the rails 21 on the floor and on the ceiling 6 and uprights (not shown).
• the walls 31 and 32 are fixed along their edges over the length and the width to the framework by screws 5.
• additional posts are used here.
• the mattress is interposed between the latter and the rails 21.
• a damper is therefore produced between the wall plate and the framework.
• the mattress has a relative flexibility, which allows it to deform in order to decouple alternately one 31 then the other 32 wall. Since the figures are not to scale, the deformations are actually distributed over relatively long distances. important compared to the thickness of the mattress. This distance corresponds approximately to the height of the partition.
• Figure 6 is an alternative embodiment of the assembly of Figure 5 where a greater decoupling is obtained by interposing the mattress along the edges of the partition walls.
• FIG. 7 representing a partition in horizontal section
• a flat mattress 4 is placed in the construction void created by the walls 31 and 32, rails (not shown) and uprights 22.
• the walls 31 and 32 are fixed on along their edges along the length and width to the frame by screws 5.
• additional uprights are used here.
• the mattress is interposed between the latter and the uprights 22.
• the mattress has a relative flexibility, which allows it to deform to decouple one of the 31 and then the other 32 wall.
• the figures are not to scale, the deformations are actually distributed relatively large distances relative to the thickness of the mattress.
• the establishment of the mattress in the female parts of the frame can be associated with decoupling, the latter then being possible only at the end not engaged in the female part of the frame.
• the wall (s) are acoustically decoupled so that, on the one hand, the adjacent facings of the same wall remain aligned without detachment and, on the other hand, that the two walls remain substantially parallel to one another.
• Figures 5 to 7 show a flat mattress. However, consideration is being given to using a mattress having folds in an assembly with acoustic decoupling.
• the mattress of fibrous material consisting of cellulose can be produced in various functional forms.
• the sound insulation capacity of the partition comprising the mattress can be explained by the fact that the latter, in addition to its absorption capacities, works at least in certain frequency ranges as a resonator and therefore dissipates acoustic energy.
• the mattress of the invention uses a material of high porosity and preferably greater than or equal to 50.
• the density of the cellulosic material of the mattress is preferably between 200 and 800 kg / m 3 .
• the mattress is regularly perforated by openings. These regular perforations have a positive effect on the insulation capacity of the partition.
• a perforation rate measured by the ratio of the total surface area of the openings to the total surface area of the mattress of less than 20% makes it possible to obtain interesting results.
• the mattress is produced by the wet method by using cellulose pulp obtained from recycled paper and / or cardboard and which preferably comprises a swelling agent making it possible to increase its own volume and a binder making it possible to increase its mechanical strength clean when wet.
• the connection between the fibers within the mattress is obtained at least in part during the manufacture of the mattress by the wet method because the cellulose mattress comprises fibers of very varied dimensions and notably little oriented whose intermingling ensures cohesion from the whole.
• anti-fire and anti-humidity agents are preferably incorporated into said mattress.
• the fire-fighting agents are for example based on boron.
• Anti-humidity agents are products against moisture absorption and for example synthetic bonding polymers.
• the mattress can also include various loads coming from recovered paper or cardboard which are crushed.
• cellulose is used which, in the dry state, has an approximate density of 0.6.
• This type of cellulose is essentially obtained in four stages: - pulping, grinding of recovery paper or cardboard in an aqueous mixture comprising approximately 15% of cellulose and 85% of water;
• a preparation is obtained by defibering old paper in water using a "hydra-pulper".
• Old paper or cardboard is the basic raw material. They are generally delivered in compressed bales.
• the preparation is carried out with recycled water from a storage tank.
• a large amount of water is required.
• the use of recycled water avoids excessive consumption.
• hydro-pulper The action of the "hydra-pulper" is supplemented by those of additional equipment, which allows the purification of the preparation and its dilution to the required concentration.
• the manufacture of the mattress consists in eliminating, in stages and under determined conditions, the water contained in the preparation until the mattress has sufficient cohesion. This elimination begins with gravity draining, then by forced suctioning by suction, then by the combined actions of suction and possible pressing, and finally by evaporation in a tunnel oven.
• the preparation coming from a storage vat at the required concentration is poured onto a horizontal felt by through a distributor to form the mattress. This felt, stretched, scrolls at adjustable speed.
• the distributor whose flow rate is adjustable, allows the thickness of the mattress to be varied.
• the felt carrying the mattress first passes over gravity drip boxes, then over vacuum boxes.
• the water collected in these boxes is evacuated in a storage vat for reuse.
• a canvas unrolls on the upper part of the mattress.
• the assembly consisting of top to bottom, canvas, mattress and felt is introduced into the press section.
• the water evacuated by the combined action of pressure and vacuum is collected and stored for reuse. However, so that the mattress has sufficient porosity, the pressure exerted by the press is reduced, or even in a preferred mode, no pressing is carried out, the water then being essentially eliminated by the action of the vacuum.
• the mattress is sufficiently thick that it can be conveyed without support. Lateral circular knives cut to the required size.
• the mattress is corrugated between an undulator and the tube conveyor of the dryer. If necessary, perforations and a mechanical and / or water jet pre-cut can be performed.
• the next step is to remove the water remaining in the mattress by evaporation. For this, it is conveyed by a conveyor through a dryer.
• the dryer is made up of several identical zones juxtaposed. In each zone a generator produces hot air which is blown on each side of the mattress.
• the invention is applicable to partitions of the distribution or modular, separating type and to partitions of which a part consists of a masonry element corresponding to the shell. It is thus envisaged in the context of the invention that one of the walls either a concrete wall, floor or ceiling or any other structural building material.
• corrugation or rib corresponds to the shapes described as well as shapes of the sinusoidal, niche, triangular, trapezoidal type.
• a substantially flat mattress can be used in the partition.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
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• Building Environments (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-05-04 FR FR0106036A patent/FR2824343B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2002
  • 2002-05-03 WO PCT/FR2002/001540 patent/WO2002090682A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-05-03 EP EP02730393A patent/EP1387913A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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