EP1387025B1 - Foldable cover for large areas - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a foldable screen for covering space-like areas and / or for the protection of crowds, such as in sports venues, theaters or transport facilities. Such a screen is known from DE 3635419 A.

For various occasions, space-like areas of the gathering are used by more or less crowded people, who then stand unprotected under the open sky. If it is a question of areas where people frequently gather in large numbers, there is a need to protect these people from the effects of the weather, be it sun or rain.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a removable protection against the weather, such as sun or rain, standing for free places in large numbers people.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a foldable screen according to claim 1.

The weather protection according to the invention consists of a foldable and collapsible screen that can be formed due to its off and einteleskopierbaren umbrella arms with such a large diameter that it is able to protect thousands of people, for example, from sunlight or rain.

The screen according to the invention can also be used for industrial and technical applications, for example, when it is erfoderlich to cover larger areas convertible.

The umbrella of the invention not only provides direct weather protection against rain and sun, it is also suitable to improve the climate of the environment in which it influences the radiation processes between the earth and in particular the built environment and the sky. The umbrella according to the invention can also be used to cover the winter sky in cold nights in deserts in order to prevent the covered area from cooling down due to heat radiation.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the Anlenkschüsse the telescopic umbrella arms are connected by joints with a mast enclosing the sliding ring and at a distance from the joints are pivotally connected to the one ends of links whose other ends are articulated above the joints on the mast.

Conveniently, this sliding ring is displaceable by at least two opposing hydraulic cylinders. Preferably, however, eight are provided over the circumference of the mast uniformly distributed hydraulic cylinder for moving the sliding ring.

Appropriately, the jacket of the mast is provided with channel-shaped, extending on generatrices recesses in which the hydraulic cylinders are located. Since the hydraulic cylinders are arranged in channel-shaped depressions of the mast, they are easy to assemble and furthermore they are easily accessible for the purpose of maintenance.

To lift the hydraulic cylinders in a simple manner by mounting cranes, they are provided at the outlet sides of the piston rods and the recesses of the mast at their radially inner sides with detachable joint parts, which allow after their coupling the pivoting of the hydraulic cylinder in the recesses. The coupling parts may consist of rods and these receiving bearing forks.

Conveniently, the hydraulic cylinders are connected via located on the outlet sides of the piston rods collar or holding pieces with bearings at the upper edge regions of the recesses, so that only the piston rods are acted upon by the sliding forces to reduce the buckling length.

Conveniently, the sliding ring is in the pivoted position of the telescopic arms to a stop of the mast, so that the hydraulic cylinders need not apply holding forces.

According to another embodiment, it is provided that the articulated directly to the mast articulated shots of the telescopic umbrella arms at a distance from the mast are pivotally connected to links which are pivotally connected to a above the articulations of the arms on the mast on this slidably guided sliding ring. This sliding ring is expediently displaceable by at least two hydraulic cylinders. To relieve the hydraulic cylinder, the sliding ring can in turn be supported in the pivoted position of the umbrella arms on a stop of the mast.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that at least three shots are austeleskopierbar from each Anlenkschuß each Schirmarms, which are each pushed and released by releasing locks by at least one hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod is hinged to the inner end of the Anlenkschusses and its area of the side, from which exits the piston rod, with each inner end portion of austeleskopierbaren shots can be coupled. Such a telescoping system is known for example from EP 0 661 234 B1.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that with the inner austeleskopierbaren shot the outlet side of a second hydraulic cylinder is connected, whose piston rod is articulated at the inner end of the Anlenkschußes. This embodiment takes into account the fact that after extension of the outer austeleskopierbaren shots on the inner telescopic weft act considerable friction causing moments and that an additional force is required to tension the screen in the fully extended position of all telescopic shots.

According to another embodiment, it is provided that from each Anlenkschuß each Schirmarms at least three shots are austeleskopierbar, each of which can be pushed and released by releasing locks by hydraulic cylinders that the inner telescopic weft at its inner end with the outlet side of a first hydraulic cylinder can be coupled and that second hydraulic cylinder provided with a plurality of cylinder stages, which consists of at least one cylinder guided in an outer cylinder and forming a piston for said piston, wherein the cylinder stages forming a piston and the outer cylinder with its edge regions from which the pistons or the piston forming cylinders emerge, each with a telescopic weft are coupled, the piston rods of both cylinders are hinged to the pivot piece of the Anlenkschußes and each cylinder or each cylinder stage is controlled separately. This configuration makes it possible to extend and retract all telescopic shots simultaneously.

Conveniently, the hydraulic cylinders for moving the telescopic sections in the neutral fiber of the sides can be coupled.

A particular problem when mounting the umbrella of the invention and when folding it is that the membrane forming the canopy hangs down and can drag over parts of the building. In order to avoid such unwanted drooping of the membrane is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the orderly collapsing of the membrane when retracting the Teleschüsse the membrane is firmly connected to folding points with ropes, the pulleys to the collar or edges of the shots to fixed points the inner end portions of the retractable shots run. With this configuration, the membrane or the cloth forming the tent roof can be arranged in an orderly manner, so that there is a good, close fitting to the mast folding.

According to another embodiment, it is provided that the membrane and the Anlenkschüsse and austeleskopierbaren from these austeleskopierbaren be provided with Lagerbökken pulleys, on the live ropes for proper shirring of the membrane when retracting the shots and folding the Anlenkschüsse to the mast and reverse to the orderly spreading of the membrane.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that in each case a rope from a fixed point of each Anlenkschußes on pulleys at the end portions of the Anlenkschußes and austeleskopierbaren from this shots and on the membrane between these sheaves mounted pulleys zig-zag-shaped on a pulley on End of the outer austeleskopierbaren shot and a pulley on the mast to a jig runs. This jig pulls in each case when retracting the telescopic shots flaring areas of the membrane looped, so that an orderly folding and final folding takes place when folding the Anlenkschüsse to the mast.

The tensioning device can consist of a weight hanging in the mast on the rope or of hydraulic or electric winches which generate the required tensioning force due to a constantly acting moment.

Conveniently, the bearing blocks when retracting austeleskopierbaren shots can be driven to block so that the ropes continue to run freely on the pulleys and can be moved in and out.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the membrane is attached by ropes to the Anlenkschüsse and austeleskopierbaren shots. By matching the length of these ropes to each other, the shape of the clamped screen, for example, in a flat-curved shape, determine.

Conveniently, the mast enclosing circular edge of the membrane is provided with means for tensioning the edge with respect to the mast. The clamping device may consist of a ring connected to the edge of the membrane, which is displaceable in the axial direction and lockable with the mast.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that are hinged to the mast above the handlebar flaps, which are hinged to cover the gathered and applied to the mast membrane to the mast. These flaps give the folded umbrella a good and attractive appearance and protect the membrane from the weather.

Conveniently, further flaps are articulated to the mast below the telescopic umbrella arms, which can be folded from below to the gathered membrane.

The flaps can be pivoted by hydraulic cylinders.

Conveniently, at least some flaps, for example every other flap, are provided at their edges with prongs for detecting the gathered membrane.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that foldable membranes are attached to the mast and to the screen arms, which are automatically stretched by the opening of the screen and form a second screen covering the inner region of the membrane. This central smaller screen can also prevent that act due to the flow of the clamped umbrella roof on this large pressure and suction forces that can cause corresponding moments.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the mast top is provided with a rotatable platform on which a crane with pivotable boom, e.g. a telescopic crane, is arranged. This telescopic crane serves as a service crane when maintenance work, for example by replacement of hydraulic cylinders, must be carried out.

To cover the crane pivotal shells can be provided on the mast, which disguise the crane and thereby disturb the good image of the screen neither in the unfolded nor in the folded position.

Conveniently, the upper cover flaps and the pivot cylinder are hinged to a ring which is rotatably mounted on the mast and provided with a pivot drive. Due to the rotatability of the ring, the austeleskopierbaren arms and also in sliding ring traversing hydraulic cylinders can be exposed, so that they are accessible to the service crane.

The rotary actuator of the ring may consist of a hydraulic cylinder, since only a limited rotatability is required.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the mast is supported on a turntable. This arrangement is particularly advantageous, because it is then possible to mount the foldable screen by a mounting crane only from one side, so that the assembly can be done without major swinging of the jib of the crane and the larger area to be covered by the screen surface the installation remains untouched.

The mast and / or the turntable may be supported on a pedestal resting on a foundation.

The installation of the foundation can be problematic if it must be installed only with a predetermined shallow depth and within an existing building. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is therefore provided that the foundation consists of a box inserted into a central pit, are advanced from or from the box in star-shaped adjacent gutter-shaped excavations, and that the excavated spaces between the advanced boxes provided with reinforcements and filled with concrete.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemäßen faltbaren Schirms, und zwar rechts von der Mittellinie des Masts in der ausgefahrenen und aufgespannten Stellung und links von der Mittellinie in seiner an den Mast angeklappten Stellung,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf den aufgespannten Schirm,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt durch den an den Mast angeklappten Schirm längs der Linie lll-lll in Fig. 22,

Fig. 4

eine erste Art der verschwenkbaren Anordnung eines Anlenkschußes eines teleskopierbaren Schirmarms an dem Mast in einer Prinzipskizze,

Fig. 5

eine zweite Art der verschwenkbaren Anordnung eines Anlenkschußes eines Schirmarms an dem Mast in einer Prinzipskizze,

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht des den Mast einfassenden Schieberings gemäß Fig. 4,

Fig. 7

eine Draufsicht auf den Schiebering nach Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

einen Ausschnitt des Masts im oberen Bereich einer einen Hydraulikzylinder aufnehmenden rinnenförmigen Ausnehmung,

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt durch einen Anlenkschuß eines Schirmarms mit zwei die teleskopierbaren Schüsse verfahrenden Hydraulikzylindern,

Fig. 10

eine Seitenansicht eines Schirmarms mit zwei ausgefahrenen Teleskopschüssen in einer Prinzipskizze,

Fig. 11

eine schematische Darstellung der Anordnung der Hydraulikzylinder zum Ausschieben und Einziehen der teleskopierbaren Schüsse einer zweiten Ausführungsform,

Fig. 12

einen Schnitt durch eine Seite der Turmspitze mit drehbarer Plattform zur Aufnahme eines Montagekrans und drehbarem Ring zur Anlenkung von Abdeckklappen,

Fig. 13

die Spitze eines äußeren austeleskopierbaren Schusses eines Schirmarms mit einer Einrichtung zur Befestigung der Membran,

Fig. 14

eine Draufsicht auf die Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Fig. 13 in gestreckter Form,

Fig. 15

eine Prinzipskizze zur Erläuterung des ordnungsgemäßen Raffens der Membran während des Einfahrens der teleskopierbaren Schüsse,

Fig. 16

eine Draufsicht auf die teleskopierbaren Schirmarme mit einer zweiten Einrichtung zum ordnungsgemäßen Raffen und Zusammenlegen der Membran während des Einfahrens der Schüsse,

Fig. 17

eine Prinzipskizze zur Erläuterung des Faltens der Membran während des Einfahrens der teleskopierbaren Schüsse,

Fig. 18

einen teilweise an den Anlenkschuß eingefahrenen teleskopierbaren Schuß,

Fig. 19 bis Fig. 22

den faltbaren Schirm in seiner aufgespannten Stellung und in seiner an den Mast angeklappten Stellung mit zwei Zwischenstufen während des Zusammenfaltens,

Fig. 23

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 2, der das Spannen der Membran während des Ausfahrens der teleskopierbaren Schüsse der Schirmarme durch Spannseile verdeutlicht,

Fig. 24

einen der Fig. 3 entsprechenden Schnitt durch den an den Mast angeklappten Schirm mit die Membran abdeckenden Abdeckklappen, der die Faltung des Schirm im angeklappten Zustand verdeutlicht,

Fig. 25

eine Draufsicht auf das Fundament des Masts und

Fig. 26

einen Schnitt durch das Fundament und das den Mast tragende turmartige Podest.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained below with reference to the drawing. ln this shows

Fig. 1

a side view of the foldable screen according to the invention, to the right of the center line of the mast in the extended and clamped position and to the left of the center line in its folded to the mast position,

Fig. 2

a top view of the clamped screen,

Fig. 3

a section through the hood folded to the mast along the line III-III in Fig. 22,

Fig. 4

a first type of pivotable arrangement of a Anlenkschußes a telescopic umbrella arm on the mast in a schematic diagram,

Fig. 5

a second type of pivotable arrangement of a Anlenkschußes a Schirmarms on the mast in a schematic diagram,

Fig. 6

a side view of the mast enclosing sliding ring of FIG. 4,

Fig. 7

a plan view of the sliding ring of FIG. 6,

Fig. 8

a detail of the mast in the upper region of a hydraulic cylinder receiving groove-shaped recess,

Fig. 9

a section through a Anlenkschuß a Schirmarms with two telescopic shots moving hydraulic cylinders,

Fig. 10

a side view of a Schirmarms with two extended telescopic shots in a schematic diagram,

Fig. 11

a schematic representation of the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder for pushing out and retracting the telescopic shots of a second embodiment,

Fig. 12

a section through a side of the spire with a rotatable platform for receiving a crane mounting and rotatable ring for hinging of cover flaps,

Fig. 13

the tip of an outer telescoping shot of a shielding arm with means for attaching the membrane,

Fig. 14

a plan view of the fastening device of FIG. 13 in an elongated form,

Fig. 15

a schematic diagram for explaining the proper shirring of the membrane during the retraction of the telescopic shots,

Fig. 16

a top view of the telescopic umbrella arms with a second means for proper shirring and folding the membrane during the retraction of the shots,

Fig. 17

a schematic diagram for explaining the folding of the membrane during retraction of the telescopic shots,

Fig. 18

a partially retracted to the Anlenkschuß telescopic shot,

FIGS. 19 to 22

the foldable screen in its raised position and in its folded position with the mast, with two intermediate stages during folding,

Fig. 23

2, which illustrates the tensioning of the membrane during extension of the telescopic shots of the umbrella arms by tension cables,

Fig. 24

3 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 3 through the cover flapped onto the mast with the cover flaps covering the membrane, illustrating the folding of the screen in the folded state;

Fig. 25

a top view of the foundation of the mast and

Fig. 26

a section through the foundation and the mast-bearing tower-like pedestal.

The foldable screen has a central mast 1, which consists of individual screwed together tubular sections made of cast steel. The mast 1 is supported by a conventional turntable 2 on a tower-like pedestal 3, which rests on the foundation 4. An existing cast steel sliding ring 5 summarizes the mast 1 with a game. The sliding ring 5 is shown in Fig. 1 in each case in half, on the right side of the mast in its upper position in which the extended umbrella arms are in their membrane spanning position and on the left side in the lowered position, in The arms of the umbrella are folded with retracted shots to the mast.

The sliding ring 5 is moved in the illustrated embodiment by eight hydraulic cylinders 6 between its upper and its lower position.

From each of the eight Anlenkschüsse 7 of the shield arms 8 are three telescopic shots 9, 10, 11 extendable.

At each of the Anlenkschüsse 7 a strut or a handlebar 13 is hinged in the central region in a joint 12, the other end is articulated above the shield arms 8 in joints 14 in the region of the spire. After retracting the telescopic shots 9 to 11 in the Anlenkschuß 7 each Anlenkschuß 7 can be folded by moving the sliding ring 5 in its lower position in the manner shown on the mast. The Anlenkschuß 7 shown on the right side of the mast 1 is indicated by the reference numeral 7 'in its folded position.

When retracting the telescopic sections 9 to 11 in the Anlenkschuß 7, the membrane spanned by the screen arms 8 membrane is folded and folded in an orderly manner, as will be described in more detail below. Are the Anlenkschüsse 7 with the retracted telescoping shots and the folded membrane in its folded position on the mast, the upper cup-shaped cover flaps 15 and the lower cover flaps 16 are folded onto the mast, so that the einteleskopierten umbrella arms and the folded membrane are completely covered and protected against the weather ,

The upper cover flaps 15 are articulated in joints 17 at a rotatable at the top of the mast ring 18 and pivotable by hydraulic cylinder 19 between its swung-out and her folded to the mast position.

The lower flaps 16 are pivotally mounted between connected to the mast bearing cheeks 20 and pivotable by a hydraulic cylinder 21 between its folded and folded onto the tower position. The end portions of the upper and lower cover flaps 15, 16 may overlap each other in their folded to the mast position.

At the top of a tower platform 24 is rotatably mounted, on which a conventional telescopic crane 22 is arranged. The pivotable and retracted boom of this telescopic crane 22 is in his from Fig. 1 apparent rest position perpendicular and is covered by hinged panels 23. These covers 23 may consist of hinged shells.

1, the sliding ring 5, to which the articulated shots 7 of the shielding arms are deflected in the joints 26, is supported on a stop 25 located above the sliding ring 5 on the mast 1, which protrudes may consist of a ring-like collar, from. The sliding ring 5 is held by the moment that produce the extended telescopic shots 9 to 11, on the stop 25, so that the sliding ring 5 traversing hydraulic cylinders 6 are relieved.

For pivoting the Anlenkschußes 7 of the shield arms 8, a different kinematics can be selected, which can be seen for example in FIG. In which Embodiment of FIG. 5, the Anlenkschuß 7 is mounted between bearing cheeks 30 which are fixedly connected to the mast 1. In the middle region of the Anlenkschußes 7 links 31 are articulated in joints 31, the other ends are articulated in joints 33 on a sliding ring 34 which surrounds a portion 35 of the mast and by at least two opposing hydraulic cylinder 36 between its apparent from Fig. 5 upper Position and its lower position, not shown, is displaceable, in which it is supported on a stop, not shown, and which corresponds to the extended position of the telescopic sections.

The existing cast steel sliding ring is clearer from Figs. 6 and 7 can be seen. The sliding ring 5 has approximately radially projecting cheeks 40, between which the Anlenkschüsse 7 of the shield arms 1 are mounted on bolts 41. On its underside, the sliding ring 5 recordings 42, in which the piston rods 43 of the hydraulic cylinder 6 engage and in which they are fixed. On its inner wall of the sliding ring 5 is provided with strips 44 of a suitable plastic, such as polyamide, over which it can be supported on the mast, if it should come to touch.

As can be seen from FIG. 8, the hydraulic cylinders 6 traversing the sliding ring 5 are arranged in groove-shaped, axially extending recesses 49 of a section 1 'of the mast 1. In order to be able to introduce the hydraulic cylinders 6 into the channel-shaped recesses 49 through a mounting crane, the cylinders 6 'have to be inserted into the recesses 49 obliquely suspended from a mounting crane. For this purpose, the cylinders 6 at their upper edges, from which the piston rods 43 emerge, T-shaped a rod 48 which is suspended in two open bearings 47, which are located on the inside of the upper edge of the channel-shaped recesses 49. After hanging the rod 48 in the bearings 47, the cylinder 6 can be lowered by the mounting crane in the manner shown, so that they swivel into the groove-shaped recess 49. In these, the cylinders 6 are then secured by upper flange-shaped collars 45, which are connected to the upper edges of the channel-shaped Recesses 49 are screwed as shown. This arrangement has the advantage that only the piston rod 43 is claimed by the shear forces to kinking.

From the Anlenkschuß 7 each Schirmarms 8 are the telescopic shots 9 to 11 in principle pushed out and retractable, as it is known from EP 0 661 234 B1.

With the pivot piece 51 of the Anlenkschußes 7, the piston rod 52 of the Teleskopierzylinders 50 is connected in the manner shown in FIG. 9 manner. With the inner collar portion of the telescoping cylinder 50, the individual auszuschiebenden and recovering shots 11, 10, 9 can be coupled. Both in the extended and in the retracted position, the individual shots are locked with each other. The lock is always released only for the purpose of moving.

Compared to the solution known from EP 0 661 234 B1, however, the solution of FIG. 9 has the peculiarity that a second telescoping cylinder 53 is coupled with its collar region in the joint 54 only with the inner telescopic section 9, the piston rod 55 of this second telescoping cylinder is connected by the hinge 56 with the pivot piece 51 of the Anlenkschußes 7. This second telescoping cylinder 53 is acted upon only by the expulsion of the inner telescopic section 9 with oil to raise the increased by the clamping forces for the membrane and to overcome the frictional forces.

In the embodiment of FIG. 11, two telescoping cylinders 60, 61 are provided. The piston rods 62, 63 of both telescoping cylinders 60, 61 are in turn connected to the pivot piece of the Anlenkschußes. The inner collar portion of the telescoping cylinder 60 is connected to the inner austeleskopierbaren shot 9. The telescoping cylinder 61 is a two-stage telescoping cylinder in which the cylinder 65 containing the piston 64 is a piston 66 carries, which forms the piston for the outer cylinder 67. The inner collar portions of the cylinders 65, 67 are connected to the inner ends of the extendable shots 10, 11. All cylinders, including the step cylinders, are separately controllable, so that the sliding shots 9 to 11 can be extended and retracted sequentially or together and retracted.

At the tips of the outer telescoping shots 11 are mounted pulleys 71 over which ropes 70 run, carrying at their outer ends approximately triangular distributors 72 to which straps 73 are connected, at the corners 74 (Figure 2) of the canopy converge forming membrane 75. To tension the manifold 72, the cable 70 carries at its inner end an adjusting spindle. This can for example consist of a screw 76 which passes through a bore of a bracket 77 and can be tensioned by a nut 78.

The umbrella forming the membrane consists of a reinforced by straps Teflon cloth. The membrane is stretched in the manner shown in FIG. 2 by extending the eight telescopic umbrella arms 8. The membrane 75 is connected by ropes 80 to the hinge shots and the outer collar portions of the telescopic shots.

To allow an orderly shirring and folding of the membrane without major slack when retracting the telescopic shots, the outer edge regions of the Anlenkschußes and the telescopic shots can be provided with pulleys 81, run over the cables 82, one of the fixed points 83 at the inner end of the telescopic shots are located. The other ends of the ropes 82 have their fixed points in the manner on the membrane 75, that this is properly gathered and folded when retracting the einteleskopierbaren shots.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 16 to 18, ropes 90 run from fixed points 91 on the articulated shots 7 via pulleys 92 at the outer end regions of the telescopic shots 9 to 11 and between the fixed point 91 and the pulleys 92 attached to the membrane 75 pulleys 93. The rope 90 runs in the manner shown in FIG. 16 way over the pulleys 92 and 93 zig-zag. From the pulley 92, the cable 90 runs on a pulley on the mast 1, wherein the weight drowned in the mast end of the rope 90, a weight that keeps the rope 90 always under tension.

The pulleys 92 and 93 are mounted in bearing blocks 94, which are connected on the one hand with the collar of austeleskopierbaren shots and on the other hand in the manner with the diaphragm 75, that the bearing blocks go on retraction of the telescopic shots in the manner shown in FIG. 18 on block However, the free rotation of the pulleys is not disturbed.

The bearing blocks of the membrane-side pulleys 93, starting from the mast 1, lie on lines 97 which delimit between them a triangular strip 96 (FIG. 23). When retracting the telescopic shots the pulleys drive in the manner shown in Fig. 16 in sequence on block, with form between corresponding pulleys 30 on the membrane overhead fold lines, while the membrane on both sides of these fold lines in the manner shown in FIG. 17 way looped together. When folding the Anlenkschüsse 7 to the mast 1 and the lying between the blocks on block pulleys areas of the membrane are properly folded.

The folding process can be seen in FIGS. 19 to 22. As shown in FIG. 20, bulging regions 100 are formed on both sides of the membrane-side pulleys 93.

As soon as the telescopic shots are completely retracted and the articulation shots are folded against the mast, the upper cup-shaped cover flaps 15 and the lower cover flaps 16 are folded in the manner shown in FIG. In the closed state of the cover flaps 15, 16, the image shown in FIG. 22 results.

Conversely, the cables 90 tension the diaphragm 75 in the manner shown in FIG. 23 during extension of the telescopic shots 9, 10, 11 of the umbrella arms 8.

FIG. 24 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 3, which illustrates the folding of the membrane 75 in the folded state.

The upper cover flaps 15 pivotable by means of hydraulic cylinders are connected at their edges to approximately triangular membranes 110, which are tensioned after the membrane 75 has been tensioned by pivoting the cover flaps 15 in the manner shown in FIGS. 2 and 19. In this way, a small screen results, which covers the middle downwardly drawn-in area of the large diaphragm 75. This middle screen has a favorable effect on the flow conditions in such a way that the pressure and suction effect disturbed by wind currents acting on the large membrane and thereby reduced moments acting on the mast.

A particular problem arises when the mast carrying the umbrella has to be erected within existing buildings and has to be founded on a foundation that can only be inserted into the ground to a shallow depth. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 25 and 25, the mast 1 is mounted on the rotary ring 2 on a tower-like pedestal 3, which rests on the foundation 4. In order to be able to introduce the foundation 4, a building pit 120 is drilled by the building erected on columns in the illustrated embodiment, from which building pits 121, 122, 123, 124 are dug in a cruciform manner. From the pit 120 from 121 to 124 boxes, such as steel boxes 125 are then advanced into the excavations and connected to each other via flanges. Furthermore, a steel box 126 is inserted into the middle excavation 120 before or after the insertion of the lateral steel boxes. The areas between the advanced steel boxes are then excavated, reinforced and filled with concrete. The reinforcements are connected to the steel boxes in order to increase the support surface and the weight of the foundation. On the foundation or on the middle box 120 is then erected the tower-like pedestal 3, on which the mast 1 is supported above the rotary ring 2.

The spaces created by the boxes can later be used as engine rooms.

Claims (34)

1. Foldable umbrella for surface-area coverage and/or for protecting gatherings of people, for example in sporting venues, theatres or transport facilities, comprising a central mast (1) with umbrella arms (8) which are articulated on the latter at approximately equal angular spacings, directly or via a sliding ring (5), can be pivoted by drives between a swung-in position and an essentially radial, star-form position and bear a foldable, canopy-forming membrane (75), characterized in that the umbrella arms (8) are formed by articulation portions (7) and in each case at least one portion (9, 10, 11) which can be telescoped out of each of these articulation portions, hydraulic cylinders (50, 60) being provided in order to push out and retract the telescopic portions (9, 10, 11).
2. Umbrella according to Claim 1, characterized in that the articulation portions (7) of the telescopic umbrella arms (8) are connected by joints (26) to a sliding ring (5) enclosing the mast (1) and, at a distance from the joints (26), are connected in an articulated manner to the one ends of links (13), of which the other ends are articulated on the mast (1) above the joints (26).
3. Umbrella according to Claim 2, characterized in that the sliding ring (5) can be displaced by at least two hydraulic cylinders (6) located opposite one another.
4. Umbrella according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lateral surface of the mast (1) is provided with channel-like recesses (49) which run along lateral-surface lines and in which are located the hydraulic cylinders (6) which displace the sliding ring (5).
5. Umbrella according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders (6) are provided, at the outlet ends of the piston rods (43), and the recesses (49) of the mast (1) are provided, on their radially inner sides, with couplable joint parts (47, 48) which, following coupling, allow the hydraulic cylinders to be pivoted into the recesses.
6. Umbrella according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders (6) are connected, via retaining components or collars (45) located on the outlet sides of the piston rods (43), to bearings on the top peripheral regions of the recesses (49).
7. Umbrella according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in the pivoted-out position of the telescopic umbrella arms (8), the sliding ring (5) butts against a stop (25) of the mast (1).
8. Umbrella according to Claim 1, characterized in that the articulation portions (7) of the telescopic umbrella arms (8), these portions being articulated directly on the mast (1), are connected in an articulated manner, at a distance from the mast (1), to links (32) which are connected in an articulated manner to a sliding ring (34) which is guided in a displaceable manner on the mast (1), above the articulations of the arms (8).
9. Umbrella according to Claim 8, characterized by the provision of at least two hydraulic cylinders (36) which are located opposite one another and by means of which the sliding ring (34) can be displaced.
10. Umbrella according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, in the pivoted-out position of the umbrella arms (8), the sliding ring (34) is supported on a stop of the mast (1).
11. Umbrella according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least three portions (9, 10, 11) can be telescoped out of each articulation portion (7) of each umbrella arm and, following the release of locking means, these at least three portions can be pushed out and retracted in each case by at least one hydraulic cylinder (50), of which the piston rod (52) is articulated at the inner end of the articulation portion (7) and of which the region of the side from which the piston rod (52) passes out can be coupled to each inner end region of the telescopic portions (9, 10, 11).
12. Umbrella according to Claim 11, characterized in that connected to the inner telescopic portion (9) is the outlet side of a second hydraulic cylinder (53), of which the piston rod (55) is articulated at the inner end region of the articulation portion (7).
13. Umbrella according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least three portions (9, 10, 11) can be telescoped out of each articulation portion (7) of each umbrella arm (8) and, following the release of locking means, these at least three portions can be pushed out and retracted in each case by hydraulic cylinders (60, 61), in that the inner telescopic portion (9) can be coupled, at its inner end, to the outlet side of a first hydraulic cylinder (60), and in that a second hydraulic cylinder (61) is provided, this cylinder having a plurality of cylinder steps and comprising at least one cylinder which is guided in an outer cylinder and forms a piston for the latter, wherein the piston-forming cylinder steps and the outer cylinder can be coupled to a telescopic portion (9, 10, 11) in each case by way of their peripheral regions from which the pistons or the piston-forming cylinders pass out, and wherein the piston rods of the two cylinders are articulated on the articulation component of the articulation portion (7) and each of the cylinders or cylinder steps can be activated separately.
14. Umbrella according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders (50, 53, 60, 61) can be coupled along the neutral axis of the sides of the telescopic portions (9, 10, 11).
15. Umbrella according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, for the purpose of being collapsed in ordered fashion when the telescopic portions (9, 10, 11) are retracted, the membrane (75) is fixed, at folding points, to cables (70) which run, over cable pulleys (71) on the collars or peripheries of the portions (9, 10, 11), to fixed points at the inner end regions of the retractable portions (9, 10, 11).
16. Umbrella according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the membrane (75) and the articulation portions (7), and also the portions (9, 10, 11) that can be telescoped out of the latter, are provided with cable pulleys (81) which are mounted in bearing blocks and over which tensioned cables (82) run for the purpose of gathering and collapsing the membrane in ordered fashion when the portions (9, 10, 11) are retracted, and the articulation portions (7) are swung into the mast (1), and conversely for spreading out the membrane in ordered fashion.
17. Umbrella according to Claim 16, characterized in that a respective cable runs in zigzag form from a fixed point of each articulation portion (7) to a tensioning arrangement over cable pulleys (92) at the end regions of the portions (9, 10, 11) which can be telescoped out of this articulation portion, and further over cable pulleys (93) mounted on the membrane between the fixed point and the first cable pulleys (92), via a cable pulley at the end of the outer telescopic portion (11) and a cable pulley on the mast (1).
18. Umbrella according to Claim 17, characterized in that the tensioning arrangement comprises a hydraulic or electric winch or a weight hanging on the cable in the mast (1).
19. Umbrella according to one of Claims 16 to 18, characterized in that, when the telescopic portions (9, 10, 11) are retracted, the bearing blocks move up against one another such that the cables continue to run over the cable pulleys.
20. Umbrella according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the membrane is suspended by cables on the articulation portions (7) and telescopic portions (9, 10, 11).
21. Umbrella according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circular membrane periphery which encloses the mast (1) is provided with devices for tensioning the periphery in relation to the mast (1).
22. Umbrella according to Claim 21, characterized in that the tensioning device comprises a ring which is connected to the periphery of the membrane, can be displaced in the axial direction and can be locked to the mast (1).
23. Umbrella according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that flaps (15) are articulated on the mast (1), above the links, and can be swung onto the mast (1) in order to cover the gathered-together membrane (75) positioned on the mast (1).
24. Umbrella according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that flaps (16) are articulated on the mast (1), beneath the telescopic umbrella arms (8) and can be swung onto the gathered-together membrane (75) from beneath.
25. Umbrella according to Claim 23 or 24, characterized by the provision of hydraulic cylinders (19, 21) by means of which the flaps (15, 16) can be pivoted.
26. Umbrella according to one of Claims 23 to 25, characterized in that at least some flaps (15, 16) are provided along their peripheries with tines for gripping the gathered-together membrane.
27. Umbrella according to Claim 23, characterized in that fastened on the peripheries of the flaps (15) are foldable membranes (110) which, in the swung-open and tensioned state of the umbrella membrane, are tensioned by virtue of the flaps being pivoted up and form a second umbrella covering the inner region of the main membrane (75).
28. Umbrella according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tip of the mast is provided with a rotatable platform (24) on which is arranged a crane with a pivotable jib, e.g. a telescopic crane.
29. Umbrella according to Claim 28, characterized in that, for the purpose of covering the crane, the mast (1) is provided with pivotable shells (23).
30. Umbrella according to Claim 23, characterized in that the flaps (15) and the pivoting cylinders (19) thereof are articulated on a ring (18) which is mounted in a rotatable manner on the mast (1) and is provided with a pivoting drive.
31. Umbrella according to Claim 30, characterized in that the pivoting drive comprises a hydraulic cylinder.
32. Umbrella according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mast (1) is supported on a slewing ring (2).
33. Umbrella according to Claim 30 or 32, characterized in that the mast (1) and/or the slewing ring (2) are/is supported on a base (3) which rests on a foundation (4).
34. Umbrella according to Claim 33, characterized in that the foundation (4) comprises boxes (126) which are inserted into a central trench (120), from which boxes (125) are advanced into channel-like trenches (121, 122, 123, 124) which stand adjacent in star form, and in that the excavated spaces between the advanced boxes (125) are provided with reinforcements, connected for load-bearing action to the steel boxes, and are filled with concrete.

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