EP1384310A1 - Control for a half-bridge - Google Patents
Control for a half-bridgeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1384310A1 EP1384310A1 EP02742899A EP02742899A EP1384310A1 EP 1384310 A1 EP1384310 A1 EP 1384310A1 EP 02742899 A EP02742899 A EP 02742899A EP 02742899 A EP02742899 A EP 02742899A EP 1384310 A1 EP1384310 A1 EP 1384310A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- control
- switch
- signal
- control circuit
- signal output
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
- H02P7/03—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors
- H02P7/04—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors by means of a H-bridge circuit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a control for a half-bridge, in particular for operating electric motors, which comprises a first electronic switch between a supply voltage and a phase tap and a second electronic switch between the phase tap and ground, the control one, the two electronic switches Half bridge with control signals driving control circuit and a processor controlling the control circuit with at least one signal output.
- Such controls are known from the prior art.
- the processor usually has a signal output for each of the electronic switches that controls it.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of improving control of the generic type in such a way that it is of simpler construction.
- This object is achieved in a control of the type described in the introduction in that the two electronic switches of the half-bridge can be controlled by a single signal output of the processor with the control circuit, that only three switching signal pairs for the two electronic switches can be generated with the control circuit, namely the first Switch on and second switch off or first switch off and second switch on or first and second switch off, and that the control circuit controls the switches only with one of the three switching signal pairs.
- control circuit only requires control by a single signal output of the processor and also ensures increased functional reliability, namely in that it only allows three switching signal pairs, all of which ensure that at no time is the critical Switching signal pairing can occur in which both electronic switches are switched on and thus a short circuit occurs between the supply voltage and ground.
- control according to the invention not only has the advantage that it only requires a single signal output from the processor, but at the same time has the advantage that it only permits switching signal pairs which preclude the critical short-circuit condition from the outset and thus ensure increased operational reliability.
- the control according to the invention is not only advantageous for two half-bridges which are used to control a DC motor with a change of direction, but is particularly advantageous for operating electronically commutated motors, for example in the manner of three-phase motors, which requires at least three half-bridges.
- control according to the invention is no longer susceptible to any type of programming and functional errors of the processor, as is the case in the prior art, in which two signal outputs of the processor were used, the case was, because with the solutions known from the prior art, the case could always occur, either due to external or internal errors, that the two signal outputs were occupied with signal states which led to the two electronic switches being switched on , even if it was only for a short time.
- a particularly favorable solution provides that either a "high” or a “low” signal state is present at the signal output connected to the control circuit, or a "tristate” signal state, the potential of which can be set freely.
- control circuit of the control according to the invention is able to generate the three switching signal pairs required for operating the electronic switches of the half-bridge.
- a particularly simple solution provides that the signal output of the processor connected to the control circuit is either at its supply voltage or to ground or allows a free potential setting, the free potential setting corresponding to the signal state "tristate", while the signal state "high” of the supply voltage and the signal state “Low” corresponds to the mass.
- the control circuit for determining the only three switching signal pairs not freely programmable level. Due to the not freely programmable stage, it is possible to clearly define the switching signal pairings regardless of all program errors or control errors.
- stage has permanently connected components which thus always "force" one of the three switching signal pairs.
- control circuit comprises a stage which is not freely programmable and which assigns the signal pairs to the switching states at the signal output, that is to say that not only are the switching signal pairs themselves clearly defined, but also their assignment to the Signal states cannot be disturbed by program errors or other malfunctions.
- the stage has permanently connected components.
- control circuit has two complementary stages which can be controlled by the signal output of the processor and which make it possible in a simple manner to clearly correlate the signal states at the signal output with the provided switching signal pairs.
- a particularly simple control of the complementary stages can be achieved by connecting them to the signal output via resistors of the same size.
- control circuit has a driver circuit for each of the electronic switches.
- This driver circuit preferably only converts states at control outputs of the stage which forces the switching signal pairings and thus does not necessarily have to be designed such that it only permits the three switching signal pairs.
- the electronic switches are usually FET transistors, to which a free-wheeling diode is connected in parallel for protection.
- Such freewheeling diodes already installed in the transistors however, have a relatively high breakdown voltage, which leads to considerable heat generation during the breakdown.
- control circuit generates the switching signal pair when the supply voltage at the processor collapses, in which the first switch is switched off and the second switch is switched on, so that the phase tap is always connected to the ground and thus, for example, always on Braking of the motor operated with this half bridge takes place.
- control circuit generates the switching signal pair at the signal state "tristate" at the signal output of the processor, in which the first and second switches are switched off.
- a particularly favorable solution which is optimized in particular with regard to the switching reliability of the half-bridge, provides that the control circuit is designed such that it automatically sets a potential at the signal output of the processor when the signal state is "tristate", that between those of the signal states "high” and “Low” is.
- the driver circuit of the second electronic switch automatically switches the second electronic switch into the freewheeling state when this is necessary due to the inductance of the load and the switching off of the first switch.
- This solution has the great advantage that it is not necessary to use the free-wheeling diode integrated in the second electronic switch, but it is possible to actively control the second electronic switch of the half-bridge for the free-wheeling state.
- control device for a load fed via phase taps of at least two half bridges, each of the half bridges being controllable according to the invention with its own control according to one of the preceding claims, and each of the control circuits each having a signal output associated therewith common processor can be controlled.
- each processor has its own signal output for each control, which then controls the corresponding control circuits, so that only one processor and two control circuits in the case of a DC motor and one processor and three or more control circuits in the case of an electronically commutated one Motors, for example in the manner of a three-phase motor are required.
- This control unit can also be operated particularly advantageously if the half bridges can be power-controlled by pulse width modulation operation of at least one of the electronic switches of the half bridges to be switched on.
- pulse-width modulated switching signals for example with a pulse width modulation ratio in the range from 0% to 100%.
- first electronic switch of one of the half bridges can be operated in pulse width modulation and a corresponding second electronic switch of another half bridge is continuously switched through during pulse width modulation operation, so that only the corresponding first electronic switch in pulse width modulation mode is switched on must be operated while the other, second electronic switch remains constantly on during pulse width modulation operation.
- FIG. 1 shows a control device for a DC motor with two half bridges controlled according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a control device for an electrically commutated motor with three half bridges controlled according to the invention
- Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of an inventive
- Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of an inventive
- Fig. 6 is a diagram of a connection of signal states on
- FIG. 7 shows a diagram of an operation of the control device according to FIG. 1 with pulse width modulated control of the half bridges.
- a circuit diagram of a control device for operating a DC motor M with alternating direction of rotation shown in FIG. 1 comprises two half bridges 10A and 10B which on the one hand have a supply connection 12A or 12B and are connected to a supply voltage UV and on the other hand a ground connection 14A or 14B have and are connected to ground via this.
- Each of the half bridges 10A and 10B in turn has a first electronic switch 16A or 16B, for example an FET transistor, which is connected by its drain connection D directly to the respective supply connection 12A or 12B and by its source S to a center tap 18A or 18B of the respective half-bridge 10A or 10B is connected.
- a first electronic switch 16A or 16B for example an FET transistor
- a second electronic switch 20A or 20B for example also an FET transistor, which in turn is connected with its drain connection to the center tap 18A or 18B and with its source connection S to the ground connection 14A or 14B.
- the center taps 18A and 18B represent phase connections for the direct current motor M, one connecting line 22 of the direct current motor M leading to the center tap 18A and the other connecting line 24 of the direct current motor leading to the center tap 18B.
- the electronic switches 16A and 20A or 16B and 20B of each of the half bridges 10A or 20B have control connections 26A and 30A or 26B and 30B connected to the respective gate G, with the control connections 26A and 30A or 26B and 30B of each of the half bridges 10A and 10B are connected to their own control circuit 32A and 32B.
- the control circuit 32A generates the switching signals S1A and S2A for the electronic switches 16A and 20A of the half-bridge 10A
- the control circuit 32B generates the switching signals S1B and S2B for the electronic switches 16B and 20B of the half-bridge 10B.
- the DC motor M can now be controlled in two directions of rotation, namely once by switching the first electronic switch 16A of the half-bridge 10A and the second electronic switch 20B of the half-bridge 10B in one direction of rotation and in the opposite direction of rotation by switching the first electronic switch 10B of the half-bridge 10B and the second electronic switch 20A of the half-bridge 10A, the other electronic switches not being switched through.
- the DC motor M can be stopped when all the electronic switches 16A and 20A and 16B and 20B are not turned on.
- each of the control circuits 32A and 32B can now be controlled by the same processor 34, but by different signal outputs 36A and 36B of the same processor 34.
- Each of the control circuits 32A and 32B now forms, together with the processor 34, a control 40A or 40B for the respective half-bridge 10A or 10B.
- the half-bridges can not only be used to control the DC motor M, as shown in the circuit diagram in FIG. 1, but, as shown in FIG. 2, in a control unit for controlling an electronically commutated motor DM, in which case instead of half bridges three such half bridges 10A, 10B and IOC are provided, half bridges 10A to IOC being constructed identically to half bridges 10A and 10B in the circuit diagram according to FIG. 1.
- the center tap 18A or 18B or 18C of the respective half bridges 10A or 10B or IOC in each case supplies one of the phases for the electronically commutated motor DM.
- Each of the half bridges 10A to IOC is in turn connected to a control circuit 32A or 32B or 32C and each of these control circuits interacts with the processor 34, the processor 34 in this case having three signal outputs 36A or 36B or 36C.
- the speed and direction of rotation of the electronically commutated motor DM can be controlled in a known manner.
- FIG. 3 A first exemplary embodiment of a control 40 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3.
- this includes the control circuit 32 for controlling the electronic switches 16 and 20 of the half-bridge 10.
- the signal output 36 of the processor 34 which is used solely to control the control circuit 32 and thus the half-bridge 10, is connected to a common control input 42 of two complementary control stages 46 and 50.
- the control stage 46 comprises a PNP transistor 56, the emitter E of which is connected to a supply voltage connection 52 of the processor 34, to which the voltage US is applied, while the collector C of the transistor 56 is connected to ground via a resistor 58.
- transistor 56 is connected to control input 42 via a resistor 59.
- the second control stage 50 comprises an NPN transistor 60, the emitter of which is connected to ground, the collector C is connected to the supply voltage connection 52 via a resistor 62 and the base B via a resistor 64 to the control input 42.
- the first control stage 46 now has a control output 66 which is connected to the collector C of the transistor 56 and which controls a driver circuit 68 which in turn generates the switching signal S1 for actuating the first electronic switch 16.
- the second control stage 50 has a control output 70 which is connected to the collector of the transistor 60 and via which the control of a driver circuit 72 takes place, which in turn generates the switching signal S2 for the second electronic switch 20.
- the processor 34 is designed such that a total of three signal states can be generated at the signal output 36, namely a first signal state in which the signal output 36 is high, a second signal state, in which the signal output is at "low” and a third signal state in which the signal output has no defined potential, but is switched internally in the processor 34 to the "tristate" state, that is to say is switched as the input of the processor 34 and is thus switched on sets to the potential that results from the external wiring of the signal output 36.
- the transistor 60 of the second control stage 50 turns on, so that the control output 70 of the second control stage 50 is also at "low", that is, at ground.
- the center tap 18 is thus actively switched to the supply voltage UV.
- the signal output 36 is switched to the "tristate" state, this does not specify a potential, but the potential can be set in accordance with the external wiring of the signal output 36.
- control circuit 32 according to the invention according to the first exemplary embodiment has the advantage that a voltage US / 2 always passes through the signal output 36 at the signal output during the transition from the switching state "High” to the switching state “Low” or from the switching state “Low” to the switching state “High” is, and thus the control input 42 is switched to US / 2, which is identical to the switching state "tristate", so that both electronic switches 16 and 20 are switched off, that is When a transition is made from a state in which one of the electronic switches 16 or 20 is switched on and the other is switched off to a state in which the other of the electronic switches 20, 16 is switched on and the other is switched off, a state is always passed through, in which both electronic switches 16 and 20 are switched off at least for a short time, so that the half-bridge 10 is always switched off completely for a short time, and consequently at no time can a state occur in which - even if for as little time as possible - both the first electronic switch 16 and the second electronic switch 20 are turned on.
- the first exemplary embodiment of the circuit according to the invention has the further advantage that when the supply voltage US at the supply voltage connection 52 collapses, both the control output 56 and the control output 70 are in the "low” state, with the result that the second electronic switch 20 is switched through and thus the center tap 18 is always grounded, which would lead to braking the same in the case of an electric motor.
- control circuit 32 has the further advantage that when a reset switch 74 of the processor 34 is actuated, the signal output 36 always changes to the "tristate" state, which means that, when the processor 34 is reset, both electronic circuits are always present Switches 16 and 20 are turned off.
- the signal output 36 is connected in the same way as in the first exemplary embodiment to the control input 42 ', via which a first control stage 46' can be controlled, the transistor T104 having its base B connected to the control input 42 'via a resistor R108 and to its emitter E is on ground.
- the collector T104 also controls the first driver circuit 68, which includes the transistors T105 and T106, which in turn generate the switching signal S1 to drive the gate G of the first electronic switch 16 via the control terminal 26.
- the first driver circuit comprises a diode 100 and a capacitor C103, which are connected in series between the supply connection 12 and the center tap 18 and have a center tap 80, on which after switching off and on again of the electronic switch 16, a high voltage for switching it through is available, as described in connection with the European patent application 0 855 799.
- the transistor T106 with the resistor R114 form the switch-on stage while the transistor 105 forms the switch-off stage, as also described in the patent application 0 855 799.
- the second control stage 50 ' is formed by the resistor T100, the base of which is also connected to the control input 42' via the resistor R109, while the emitter E is connected directly to the supply voltage connection 52 'and the collector C via the resistors R105 and R106 connected in series are connected to ground.
- Transistor T107 which is part of the second driver circuit 70 ', is driven via a center tap 82 between the resistors R105 and R106.
- Transistor T107 has its collector C connected to supply terminal 12 via a resistor 110 and has its emitter connected directly to ground, while base B is connected directly to center tap 82 between resistors 105 and 106.
- the base B of the transistor T107 is connected to the center tap 18 via a diode D101.
- the switching signal S2 is present at a center tap 84 between the transistor T107 and the resistor R110, this center tap 84 being connected to the gate of the second electronic switch 20 via the control connection 30.
- the individual signal states at the signal output 36 are shown in FIG. 6 in their combination with the states occurring in the second exemplary embodiment of the control circuit according to the invention.
- the second exemplary embodiment of the control circuit according to the invention also has the advantage that the diode 101 controls the second electronic switch 20 in an express freewheeling state via the driver circuit 72, namely when the voltage at the center tap 18 becomes negative.
- the freewheeling current does not have to be assigned to the second electronic switch 20 Freewheeling diode F flow, which has a considerable internal resistance, but there is a forced free-wheeling circuit of the electronic switch 20, so that the internal resistance is lower and thus less heat development occurs.
- the first electronic switch 16A of the first half bridge 10A is operated with pulse-width-modulated switching signals S1A in the time from t x to t 2 , as shown in FIG. 7 shown.
- the second electronic switch 20B of the second half-bridge 10B is not likewise controlled with pulse-width-modulated switching signals S2B in the time from ti to t 2 , but instead is continuously controlled during this time, that is to say continuously opened, regardless of whether the switching signal S1A is on or in the state is over.
- This solution has the advantage that the processor 34 at the signal output 36B does not also have to output a pulse-width-modulated signal state synchronized with the pulse-width modulated signal at the signal output 36A, but only during the same period of time the signal state of the for the second electronic switch 20B of the second half-bridge 10B to a continuous Signal "High" leads, which leaves the second electronic switch 20B switched on from the period ti to the period t 2 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
- Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10120705A DE10120705A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2001-04-27 | Control for half bridge |
DE10120705 | 2001-04-27 | ||
PCT/EP2002/004171 WO2002089308A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-04-16 | Control for a half-bridge |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1384310A1 true EP1384310A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
Family
ID=7682954
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02742899A Withdrawn EP1384310A1 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-04-16 | Control for a half-bridge |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6975083B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1384310A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004521595A (en) |
DE (1) | DE10120705A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU226291B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002089308A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4039280B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2008-01-30 | ミツミ電機株式会社 | Motor drive circuit |
US7102320B1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-05 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Half-bridge control circuit |
AT509574B1 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2012-03-15 | Felix Dipl Ing Dr Himmelstoss | FOUR QUADRANTS CONTROLLERS WITH INHERENT FINISHING |
DE102012012601A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-24 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for starting a brushless DC machine with multiple strands for a vehicle |
US9588152B2 (en) | 2013-01-09 | 2017-03-07 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | Digital signal processing method for measurement of AC voltage with power converters at light load operation |
DE102015220854A1 (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-04-27 | Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Bamberg | Electrical arrangement and method for driving at least two electric motors |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3718309A1 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1988-12-15 | Vdo Schindling | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR THE CLOCKED CONTROL OF SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES |
IT1228028B (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1991-05-27 | Sgs Thomson Microelectronics | PILOT SIGNAL GENERATOR FOR TRANSISTORS CONNECTED IN HALF BRIDGE CONFIGURATION |
JP3446220B2 (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 2003-09-16 | ソニー株式会社 | Motor drive |
US5335029A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-08-02 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Magnetic recording system for camera using film with magnetic recording portion |
JPH08214573A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-20 | Nikon Corp | Motor driving circuit |
DE69507126T2 (en) * | 1995-05-23 | 1999-05-27 | St Microelectronics Srl | Sound noise masking in the control of an "H" bridge |
JP3764784B2 (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 2006-04-12 | 新電元工業株式会社 | Synchronous drive method for inductive load and synchronous control device for H-bridge circuit |
US6232731B1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2001-05-15 | Electric Boat Corporation | Multi-channel motor winding configuration and pulse width modulated controller |
DE19935100B4 (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2004-10-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Half-bridge configuration |
DE60029747D1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2006-09-14 | St Microelectronics Srl | Control method for the current flow of the drive system for brushless motors, in particular during the switching phases |
US6611117B1 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2003-08-26 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Drive circuit for a brushless DC motor |
-
2001
- 2001-04-27 DE DE10120705A patent/DE10120705A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-04-16 WO PCT/EP2002/004171 patent/WO2002089308A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-04-16 HU HU0303595A patent/HU226291B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-16 EP EP02742899A patent/EP1384310A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-04-16 JP JP2002586483A patent/JP2004521595A/en active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-10-16 US US10/687,155 patent/US6975083B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
None * |
See also references of WO02089308A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004521595A (en) | 2004-07-15 |
HU226291B1 (en) | 2008-07-28 |
US6975083B2 (en) | 2005-12-13 |
HUP0303595A3 (en) | 2004-11-29 |
US20040119429A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
WO2002089308A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
HUP0303595A2 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
DE10120705A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
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Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20190522 |