EP1382038B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum einbetten eines wasserzeichens in ein audiosignal - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum einbetten eines wasserzeichens in ein audiosignal Download PDFInfo
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- EP1382038B1 EP1382038B1 EP02740586A EP02740586A EP1382038B1 EP 1382038 B1 EP1382038 B1 EP 1382038B1 EP 02740586 A EP02740586 A EP 02740586A EP 02740586 A EP02740586 A EP 02740586A EP 1382038 B1 EP1382038 B1 EP 1382038B1
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- watermark
- audio signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/018—Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of Audio coding, and more particularly to methods and apparatus to embed a watermark in an audio signal.
- Modern audio coding methods process discrete-time audio samples, to deliver a bitstream opposite the original audio signal is compressed.
- Stream of discrete-time audio samples is initially fenestrated to successive from the stream of audio samples Blocks of windowed audio samples produce. Further processing takes place block by block.
- a windowed block of audio samples is typically integrated into an analysis filter bank spectral representation implemented.
- the spectral representation includes frequency adjacent spectral values from the frequency 0 to the maximum audio frequency, which may be 16 kHz, for example.
- the audio spectral values are grouped into scale factor bands and quantized. The quantization takes place in such a way that the Quantization noise introduced by quantization is dimensioned such that it is masked by the audio signal becomes.
- a psychoacoustic model is used, based on the audio signal for each scale factor band provides an energy value that indicates up to which energy level quantization noise is masked, d. H. be inaudible in the decoded audio signal becomes.
- the quantization noise introduced by the quantizer on the other hand above the psychoacoustic Masking threshold, then becomes the re-decoded audio signal contain audible interference.
- the quantization levels of the quantizer become dependent on the masking threshold calculated.
- the audio spectral values are based on these quantization levels quantized to quantized audio spectral values to obtain.
- the quantized audio spectral values of an entropy coding such as As a Huffman coding subjected to to provide a bit stream with codewords that represent the audio spectral values represent.
- a bitstream multiplexer By means of a bitstream multiplexer become the stream of codewords page information added, which include the scale factors based on which an audio decoder the quantization levels which used in the encoder have been.
- the bitstream including side information by means of a bit stream demultiplexer in one hand Codewords and on the other hand split side information.
- the entropy encoding is undone.
- the entropy-decoded values, d. H. the quantized audio spectral values, an inverse Quantization subjected to inverse quantized spectral values to obtain.
- a synthesis filter bank implemented by the frequency range in the time domain. This is again at the output of the synthesis filter bank decoded audio signal.
- the psychoacoustic masking threshold of an audio signal section depends on the actual input audio signal from. If the audio signal changes over time, change it also the masking properties over time. Out For data efficiency reasons, it is always preferred that much Introduce quantization noise into the audio signal, such as possible, d. H. The quantization noise should be as possible correspond well to the psychoacoustic masking threshold. Audio signal sections with good masking properties can therefore with a relatively small bit of effort On the other hand, audio signal sections with relatively poor masking properties, such. B. tonal audio signal sections, very finely quantized which in turn means that to encode these audio signal sections spent a large number of bits must become.
- Bitsparkasse is filled, if easy to encoded audio sections, such that Bits that are not needed to encode these easily To code sections, not simply by one be "wasted” finer than necessary quantization, but that nevertheless a coarser quantization is used and the surplus bits in the Bitsparkasse "stuck" become.
- bit savings bank function thus acts as a buffer, from an "internal" variable bit rate audio encoder to "outside” to an audio encoder with constant bit rate too do.
- this method has the advantage of high audio quality, because the quantization noise and the watermark noise can be coordinated if the energy introduced by the watermark into the audio signal below the psychoacoustic masking threshold lies.
- the method is further characterized by a high Robustness out since the watermark does not come out of it again decoded audio signal, for example, by an illegal Distributor of the audio signal can be removed without affect the audio quality.
- a disadvantage of the described method is the Fact that charged by the quantization of the watermark Signals the watermark under circumstances is quantized or weakened. This is due to, that the energy of the watermark signal sometimes is within the range of the quantization interval. Farther there is limited control over the introduced by the watermark disturbance, which is z. B. in an audio quality loss.
- Another watermarking method is the embedding of the Watermark during compression of the audio signal. This concept is described in the technical publication "Combined Compression / Watermarking for Audio Signals ", Frank Siebenhaar, Christian Neubauer and Jürgen Herre, 110th AES Convention, 12-15 May 2001, Amsterdam, Preprint 5344.
- an uncompressed audio signal a psychoacoustic model supplied to the masking threshold to determine.
- the audio signal in transformed the frequency range.
- the spread, spectral represented watermark signal is based on the masking threshold weighted in the frequency domain and the spectrum of the input audio signal. Based on the masking threshold the parameters for the quantization are determined, whereupon the watermarked signal quantized and coded.
- This method also draws characterized by a low computational complexity, since by the contraction of watermark embedding and Coding certain operations, such as For example, the calculation of the masking model and the transfer of the audio signal in a spectral representation, to be performed only once have to.
- the method also usually provides a good audio quality, since quantization noise and watermark noise can be coordinated with each other.
- the splayed watermark signal is also through characterized a plurality of spectral lines. So that Watermarks but not audible interference in again decoded audio signal is the height of the watermark spectral lines much lower than the height of the Audio signal spectral lines.
- the combined Spectrum After adding the watermark spectrum to the audio spectrum is the combined Spectrum only slightly compared to the original spectrum changed. The following quantization of the combined Spectrum will always remove the watermark without replacement, if the quantization step size is greater than the height of the watermark spectral lines associated with this Quantizer step size are quantized. Become too many Watermark spectral lines through the following Quantize "quantized", so the watermark detector can no longer extract a unique watermark.
- WO 97/33391 discloses a coding method for introduction a non-audible data signal into an audio signal.
- the audio signal is first in the frequency domain transformed to from the same a masking threshold determine.
- a data signal to be inserted in the audio signal is subjected to source coding and then with a pseudo-noise sequence multiplied by a frequency-spread To receive data signal.
- This frequency-spread Data signal is then transmitted from the audio signal weighted psychoacoustic masking threshold, to obtain a frequency-spread data signal whose Energy below the psychoacoustic masking threshold
- This signal is then transformed into the time domain and added to the original audio signal, to the data represented by the data signal in the Introduce audio signal.
- the object of the present invention is a improved concept for embedding a watermark in to create an audio signal, on the one hand a good audio quality on the other hand also a good one Ensures watermark detectability.
- This task is accomplished by a method for embedding a Watermark in an audio signal according to claim 1 or by a device for embedding a watermark solved in an audio signal according to claim 16.
- the present invention is based on the knowledge that achieves better watermark detectability if the fact is taken into account in watermark embedding will that the audio signal including watermark subjected to quantization.
- a watermark will be detectable only if a spectral line, the Watermark and audio signal represented by the watermark falls into a different quantization level than if no watermark is embedded. Only in this case becomes a watermark detector that merely quantizes Receives information, can detect a watermark.
- the spectral representation of Watermark signal processed such that ensured is that processed by the step of processing Watermark signal is designed so that it also after a quantization will still be available.
- a predetermined watermark start value which is selected from the spectral representation of the watermark signal depends.
- the watermark is allowed too none or only a very small disturbance of the audio signal to lead.
- one by the predetermined Watermark start value in the spectral representation of the audio signal detected at but the conditions after a quantization of spectral representation of the audio signal based become. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to see if the quantization of the watermark remains.
- the watermark start value Fault greater than a predetermined fault threshold is, the watermark start value is changed so long, until due to a changed watermark start value in the spectral representation after quantization introduced disturbance less than or equal to the predetermined Fault threshold is.
- the resulting changed Watermark start value is then combined with the audio signal, to get the watermarked audio signal, in which the watermark is embedded.
- An advantage of the present invention is that now no more circumstances are taken into account, which ultimately do not correspond to the starting conditions, namely the audio signal / watermark ratios before the Quantization, but that the watermark z. Eg iteratively is changed until a desired watermark "disturbance energy" is found.
- the ratios for the audio signal decoder and are relevant to the watermark extractor.
- the watermark energy has been set so that the watermark energy less than or equal to the psychoacoustic Masking threshold, yet the uncertainty remained, what about the watermark signal during quantization happens.
- a case occurs that quantizes the watermark which causes no signal in the decoded signal Watermarks or just a very weak watermark extracted could be.
- the case could occur through the watermark, although it is so weighted it has been below the masking threshold Yet, disturbances have been introduced, which in the decoded signal were audible.
- the invention is now due to the processing of the Watermark on the basis of the circumstances after the Quantization achieved a precise control.
- This control has the advantage that not only on the one hand ensured can be that the watermark to none or only minimally audible disturbance leads, but that at the same time also a sufficient watermark detectability is ensured.
- the invention provides Procedure has the advantage that for special cases Good detectability is important, too in favor of higher watermark detectability - tolerable - introduced interference in the audio signal while in other cases where the watermark detectability not in all circumstances too At any point in time, compromises must be made the watermark detectability to meet the highest audio quality standards.
- Invention will provide the watermark signal prior to quantization the audio signal added to a combined signal to obtain.
- the combined signal is then quantized and again inversely quantized and with the original Audio signal compared. From the comparison it is determined whether the fault introduced by the watermark is tolerable. If it is determined that the disturbance is not tolerable is, then the spectrum of the watermark signal weighted iteratively using certain strategies, then again a quantization and inverse quantization until it is determined that the fault is now is tolerable.
- the watermark spectrum obtained by this processing then becomes the original audio spectrum added.
- the added or combined signal is then quantized, entropy-coded and with side information provided to obtain an audio bitstream, in which the watermark is present.
- the original audio signal is quantized.
- the Audio signal is added to a quantized watermark, to get the combined signal.
- the combined Signal is then no longer, as in the first embodiment, quantized once again, but immediately Entropy coded.
- the added to the quantized audio signal "quantized" watermark signal is hereby set such that on the one hand the demand for tolerable Fault is satisfied and on the other hand a desirable Watermark detectability is achieved.
- the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 1 comprises an audio input 10 and a watermark input 12. Both the audio signal on the audio input 10 and the Watermark signal at the watermark input 12 become by means of a device 14 or 16 in a spectral representation transferred.
- the spectral representation of the audio signal includes audio spectral values, while the spectral representation of the watermark signal watermark spectral values having.
- a device 18 for combining the audio spectral values with altered watermark spectral values combined to combined at an exit 20 the To get audio signal into which the watermark is embedded.
- this is a device 22 for processing the spectral representation of the watermark signal depending on one via an input 24 provided psychoacoustic masking threshold.
- the spectral representation of the watermark signal depends on the psychoacoustic received via the entrance 24 Masking threshold processed to a processed Watermark signal, so that a through the processed watermark signal into the audio signal introduced disturbance below a predetermined disturbance threshold is that of the psychoacoustic masking threshold depends.
- the device 22 for processing the spectral Representation of the watermark signal a device 26 for selecting a predetermined watermark starting value, that of the spectral representation of the watermark signal depends.
- a device 28 is one by the predetermined Watermark start value in the spectral representation of the audio signal after a quantization of the spectral Detection of the audio signal introduced detected interference.
- a device 32 it is examined whether the determined Fault is greater than the predetermined fault threshold. is this is not the case, d. H. the fault is acceptable, so the watermark start value becomes immediately the device 18 supplied for combining. Is this, however, the Case, d. H. the introduced disturbance is too big or different as desired, means 34 for changing of the watermark start value is activated until the through a changed watermark start value in the spectral Presentation of the audio signal introduced after the quantization Fault less than or equal to the predetermined fault threshold is.
- the in the device 22 must Repeated loop may be repeated several times for processing iteratively, at some point at the output of the Device 32 to a changed watermark start value received, which uses as a processed watermark signal is supplied to the device 18 for combining is to get the audio signal at the output 20, in the the watermark is embedded.
- Invention shown in Fig. 2 will combine performed by means of an addition 18 before quantizing.
- the means 28 for determining the through the block Watermark weighting 26 set start value in the Audio signal introduced interference is determined by that first in a quantizer / inverse quantizer device 28a quantizes the combined signal and inverse is quantized.
- a device 28b is then for example, by subtracting and squaring the Difference values the disturbance introduced by the watermark calculated and then in the device 32 with the psychoacoustic Masking threshold 24 compared. Is the Disturbance too large, the device 34, which in Fig. 2 with "Weighting control" is called, driven to the Block 26 to supply changed weighting factors, then the changed weighted watermark spectrum in the device 18 with the original audio signal in spectral Combining presentation and the iteration loop to go through again.
- a watermark start value that with a for all spectral lines equally weighted watermark spectrum to take.
- the weighting factor for each spectral line is therefore equal to one for all spectral lines Constants, chosen so that the watermark energy above the masking threshold. Then the watermark energy gradually reduced, and then the energy of the watermark below the masking threshold.
- the device 34 when first detected by the device 32 is that the disturbance is too large, the device 34 designed to control the weighting factors to all To reduce weighting factors, e.g. B. to halve. If then the disturbance is still too large, could in a next iteration step all current weighting factors halved again, etc. This can continue until device 32 determines that the Disturbance is fine now.
- FIG. 2 By means of an analysis-synthesis iteration, as shown in FIG. 2 is shown, thus by the watermark after the quantization arising interference determined.
- the spectrally displayed watermark signal is thus, as has been explained with reference to FIG. 2, by means of a weighting filter bank included in block 26 can be spectrally with that of the block 34 to Weighted current weighting factors provided.
- the resulting signal becomes the original audio signal added.
- the device 28b now compares the original signal with the quantized and inverse quantized again Signal and from this determines the quantization error signal, which is supplied to the device 32. Based the device 32 again becomes the weighting control in block 34, to get new better weighting factors to determine. This is indicated by the masking models determined masking threshold, the indicates how much interference in the signal at a certain Place in the signal spectrum is "allowed”. If the block weight control 34 optimal weighting factors regarding to the desired audio signal interference and desired Watermark detectability, d. H. Watermark energy has determined, the process aborts. The last quantized spectral values determined by block 28a of the combination signal will then be as a result passed to the bit stream multiplexer to there with the page information formed together into an audio bitstream to become.
- Fig. 3 to a device to embed a watermark in an audio signal according to a second embodiment of the present Invention.
- this combination 18 in Fig. 3 in the "quantization area" instead of, d. H. it is a quantized audio signal with a quantized Watermark combined. This can be achieved be that either by means of a quantizer 42 through Quantize the original audio signal the quantizer levels be calculated or that the quantization levels be extracted from a coded audio signal.
- Quantization steps will be a means 40a for calculation of the quantized audio signal minus a predetermined one Number of n quantization levels and one device 40b for calculating the quantized audio signal plus one operated predetermined number of n quantization stages.
- Fig. 3 shown a-priori second embodiment instead of, d. H. by a precalculation outside of an iteration loop.
- a predetermined Watermark start value by means 36 calculated so-called "maximum" watermark.
- maximum watermark For calculating of the predetermined maximum watermark initially only the sign of the watermark spectrum used. Has the watermark spectrum a positive one Sign, then the corresponding spectral value of the original quantized audio signal by n quantization levels magnified, where n is an integer greater than or equal to is equal to 1.
- a device 38 which implements a line selection algorithm.
- the device 38 determines the by the of the Facility 36 provided maximum watermarks introduced disturbance in the audio signal. If the fault greater than the predetermined disturbance threshold is through the device 38 through the "maximum" watermark Selection of individual lines changed until the interference introduced by the watermark is smaller or smaller is equal to the predetermined Störschwelle. Is this condition This will be done - already in quantized form - present watermarks as well as the quantized original Audio signal supplied to the adder 18 to the output side the quantized watermarked audio signal to obtain.
- FIG. 4a shows by way of example a quantized audio signal
- FIG. this due to the clarity of the presentation represents only three spectral values 50a-50c. typically, has an audio spectrum depending on the selected window length and transformation z. B. 1024 spectral values.
- the number the non-zero quantized spectral values depends on how many audio spectral values are set to 0 have been quantized.
- the quantized Audio spectral values in the real case different Heights.
- Fig. 4b now shows a plus or minus n Quantization levels (depending on the sign of the watermark spectral values) applied audio spectrum.
- the spectral component corresponding to the audio spectral value 50a of FIG. 4a of the watermark has for that shown in Fig. 4b Example a negative sign.
- the spectral component of the watermark corresponding to the audio spectral value 50b of Fig. 4a has in the shown in Fig. 4b Example, a positive sign, while the third Spectral component of the watermark in turn a negative Had a sign.
- the amount of watermark spectral components does not matter at first, because of it it is assumed that a watermark detection already then possible if the quantized audio spectral values 50a-50c can be changed by the watermark.
- the maximum Watermark generated by means 36 of FIG. 3 is determined for the case shown in FIG Fig. 4c shown. It has a spectrum that is different denotes that each quantized original audio spectral value is changed by one quantization step, either enlarged if the watermark is on has positive sign, or reduced if the watermark had a negative sign.
- the amount of a Watermark spectral line taken into account that is not just incremented by one quantization level or decremented, but that by several quantization levels is incremented or decremented, if the amount of the watermark spectral line is corresponding is great.
- FIG. 4d 38 of FIG. 3 Represents the device 38 determined that for the left quantized audio spectral component the situation is such that the by the watermark introduced disturbance is too large when the left quantized Audio spectral component 50a by one quantization step is reduced, as indicated by the spectral component 50a ' is shown, then this spectral component of the Device 38 not selected, which changed in the Watermark spectral values after line selection makes so noticeable that the changed watermark this point has a spectral line of 0.
- the quantized audio spectral values are now based on the watermark signal, d. H. based on the sign of the Watermark signal to z. B. plus or minus one quantization level changed.
- This procedure brings advantages to the effect that computing time can be saved, since the Quantization and Inverse Quantization (Facility 28a of Fig. 2) and the weight of the watermark (device 26 of Fig. 2) can be omitted without replacement.
- the line selection algorithm used in device 38 executed takes into account the amount of unweighted Watermark spectral lines, the masking threshold 24 and optionally a bit savings bank function 44 of the audio encoder.
- the quantized watermarked audio signal at Output 20 of the device shown in Fig. 3 must now still be entropy-coded.
- bit savings bank function the later signal blocks additional Bits can provide as it has been executed is.
- the line selection strategy is preferably on adjusted the level of the bit savings, so for example to allow filled bit savings bank, too quantized audio spectral values of the original audio signal, which have the value 0, with a watermark applied which is usually due to the bit requirements would not be allowed. This can watermark detection be noticeably improved.
- the quantization of the original Audio spectral values can also act as a kind of watermark embedding be regarded as both in the Quantization as well as adding a watermark signal a certain disturbance of the audio spectrum results.
- the disturbance introduced by the quantization is not a watermark due to its random nature to watch. However, if the introduced fault due to the quantization with the correct watermark is the quantization noise supports the detectability of the watermark. This results the following cases.
- the Watermark By the quantization of an audio spectral line is the Watermark inserted with the correct sign.
- the Device 38 of Fig. 3 preferably arranged so that they due to the fact that already by the quantization in-phase to the watermark spectral value for a certain frequency a disturbance has been introduced, arranged um on bringing in another watermark error to renounce.
- the inventive concept such that first a spectrally displayed watermark signal is produced. This is done by weighting factors weighted. The weighted signal becomes the original audio signal, which is present in spectral representation, added. Alternatively, based on the watermark signal a change in the lines of the original audio signal, which is present in spectral representation, carried out. This is followed by the introduced after quantization Disturbance, the disturbance being quantified by quantization, inverse Quantize and subtract from the original is determined, or where the disorder precalculated is.
- new weighting factors are determined, where the masking threshold is used, with a line selection strategy is applied, or where a Line selection strategy in particular applied in such a way is that the sign and magnitude of the spectral lines of the unweighted Watermark can be used, and that the Sum of watermark line and original spectral line like this it is determined that this new spectral line into another Quantization interval falls as the original spectral line.
- the inventive concept is advantageous in that that it is both for bitstream watermarking methods Method is used, the audio encoding and watermark embedding in one step.
- Another advantage of the inventive concept exists in that a full control over the introduced disturbance is achievable. This makes it possible the procedure specifically for optimum watermark detection or optimal To adjust the audio quality.
- Another advantage of the inventive concept is a full control over the frequency distribution of the Watermark spread band signal into the audio signal.
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Einbetten eines Wasserzeichens in ein Audiosignal;
- Fig. 2
- ein Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Wasserzeichens in ein Audiosignal gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 3
- eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Einbetten eines Wasserzeichens in ein Audiosignal gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel; und
- Fig. 4a bis 4d
- eine schematische Erläuterung des Linienselektions-Algorithmus beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung.
Claims (16)
- Verfahren zum Einbetten eines Wasserzeichens in ein Audiosignal, mit folgenden Schritten:Bereitstellen (14) einer spektralen Darstellung des Audiosignals, wobei die spektrale Darstellung des Audiosignals eine Mehrzahl von Audio-Spektralwerten aufweist;Bereitstellen (16) einer spektralen Darstellung des Wasserzeichensignals, wobei die spektrale Darstellung des Wasserzeichensignals eine Mehrzahl von Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerten aufweist;Verarbeiten (22) der spektralen Darstellung des Wasserzeichensignals abhängig von einer psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle (24) des Audiosignals, um ein verarbeitetes Wasserzeichensignal zu erhalten, so daß eine durch das verarbeitete Wasserzeichensignal in das Audiosignal eingefügte Störung unter einer vorbestimmten Störungsschwelle ist, die von der psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle abhängt; undKombinieren (18) des verarbeiteten Wasserzeichensignals und des Audiosignals, um ein Wasserzeichen-behaftetes Audiosignal zu erhalten, in das das Wasserzeichen eingebettet ist,Wählen (26) eines vorbestimmten Wasserzeichen-Startwerts, der von der spektralen Darstellung des Wasserzeichensignals abhängt;Ermitteln (28) einer durch den vorbestimmten Wasserzeichen-Startwert in die spektrale Darstellung des Audiosignals nach einer Quantisierung der spektralen Darstellung des Audiosignals eingeführten Störung; undfalls die durch den Wasserzeichen-Spektralwert eingeführte Störung größer als die vorbestimmte Störungsschwelle ist (32), Verändern (34) des Wasserzeichen-Startwerts, bis die durch einen veränderten Wasserzeichen-Startwert in die spektrale Darstellung des Audiosignals nach der Quantisierung des Audiosignals eingeführte Störung kleiner oder gleich der vorbestimmten Störungsschwelle ist, und Verwenden des veränderten Wasserzeichen-Startwerts als das verarbeitete Wasserzeichensignal.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,bei dem im Teilschritt des Wählens 26 Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerte mit Start-Gewichtungsfaktoren gewichtet sind;bei dem im Schritt des Ermittelns (28) die mit den Start-Gewichtungsfaktoren gewichteten Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerte zu den Audiospektralwerten addiert werden, um Additions-Spektralwerte zu erhalten,bei dem die Additions-Spektralwerte quantisiert und anschließend invers quantisiert werden (28a), um invers quantisierte Additions-Spektralwerte zu erhalten;bei dem die invers quantisierten Additions-Spektralwerte mit den Audiospektralwerten verglichen werden (28b), um zu ermitteln, ob die in den Additions-Spektralwerten enthaltene Störung unter der vorbestimmten Störungsschwelle ist (32); undbei dem im Teilschritt des Veränderns (34) die Start-Gewichtungsfaktoren verändert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die Start-Gewichtungsfaktoren für alle Wasserzeichenspektralwerte gleich sind und einen Betrag haben, der so gewählt ist, daß die Energie des Wasserzeichens oberhalb der psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die Start-Gewichtungsfaktoren durch Gewichten der Wasserzeichenspektralwerte mit der psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle erhalten werden, so daß die Energie der mit der psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle gewichteten Wasserzeichenspektralwerte an die psychoakustische Maskierungsschwelle angenähert ist und insbesondere kleiner oder gleich der psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, bei dem die Start-Gewichtungsfaktoren im Teilschritt des Veränderns (34) pro einem Iterationsschritt verkleinert werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, bei dem der Schritt des Kombinierens (18) das Kombinieren der Spektralwerte des Audiosignals und der Spektralwerte des verarbeiteten Wasserzeichensignals und anschließend den Schritt des Quantisierens des Wasserzeichenbehafteten Audiosignals unter Verwendung von Quantisierungsstufen aufweist, die durch Quantisieren der Audiospektralwerte ohne Wasserzeichensignal unter Verwendung der psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle ermittelt wurden, um ein quantisiertes Wasserzeichen-behaftetes Audiosignal zu erhalten.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,bei dem der Teilschritt des Wählens (26) eines Wasserzeichen-Startwerts folgende Unterschritte aufweist:Ermitteln (42) von Quantisierungsstufen für die Audiospektralwerte ohne das Wasserzeichensignal unter Verwendung der psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle (24);Quantisieren (42) der Audiospektralwerte unter Verwendung der ermittelten Quantisierungsstufen, um quantisierte Audiospektralwerte zu erhalten;Extrahieren von Vorzeichen der Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerte;Berechnen (36) von quantisierten Spektralwerten des Wasserzeichen-Startwerts, so daß ein quantisierter Spektralwert des Wasserzeichen-Startwerts gleich einer Anzahl von Quantisierungsstufen ist, falls das Vorzeichen des entsprechenden Spektralwerts des Wasserzeichensignals positiv ist, und daß ein quantisierter Spektralwert des Wasserzeichen-Startwerts gleich dem Negativen einer Anzahl von Quantisierungsstufen ist, falls das Vorzeichen des entsprechenden Spektralwerts des Wasserzeichensignals negativ ist; undbei dem der Schritt (34) des Veränderns den Schritt des Einstellens der Anzahl von Quantisierungsstufen und/oder den Schritt des Selektierens (38) von Spektrallinien des Wasserzeichen-Startwerts als veränderter Wasserzeichen-Startwert aufweist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem für quantisierte Spektralwerte des Audiosignals, die gleich 0 sind, keine Spektralwerte des Wasserzeichen-Startwerts als veränderter Wasserzeichen-Startwert selektiert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem eine Bitsparkassenfunktion (44) vorhanden ist, und bei dem abhängig von einer Füllung der Bitsparkasse für quantisierte Spektralwerte des Audiosignals, die gleich 0 sind, Spektralwerte des Wasserzeichen-Startwerts als veränderter Wasserzeichen-Startwert selektiert werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei dem der Schritt des Veränderns (34) so durchgeführt wird, daß eine möglichst große Anzahl von veränderten Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerten ungleich 0 ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
bei dem der Schritt des Veränderns (34) so durchgeführt wird, daß der Verlauf des veränderten Wasserzeichen-Startwerts über der Frequenz dem spektralen Verlauf des Wasserzeichen-Signals so weit als möglich entspricht. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11,
bei dem quantisierte Audiospektralwerte zu selektierten Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerten hinzuaddiert werden, um ein quantisiertes Wasserzeichen-behaftetes Audiosignal zu erhalten. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
bei dem der Teilschritt des Veränderns (34) abgebrochen wird, wenn die Störungsschwelle erreicht oder unterschritten ist, und wenn zugleich die Anzahl der veränderten Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerte über einer vorbestimmten Schwelle ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, bei dem die vorbestimmte Energieschwelle dadurch definiert ist, daß eine vorbestimmte Anzahl von Audiospektralwerten eines Signals, das die Audiospektralwerte und die veränderten Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerte umfaßt, um zumindest eine Quantisierungsstufe gegenüber den quantisierten Spektralwerten des Audiosignals allein verändert sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
bei dem die psychoakustische Maskierungsschwelle (24) einen Wert pro einem Skalenfaktorband aufweist, und bei dem der Schritt des Verarbeitens (22) skalenfaktorbandweise durchgeführt wird. - Vorrichtung zum Einbetten eines Wasserzeichens in ein Audiosignal, mit folgenden Merkmalen:einer Einrichtung zum Bereitstellen (14) einer spektralen Darstellung des Audiosignals, wobei die spektrale Darstellung des Audiosignals eine Mehrzahl von Audio-Spektralwerten aufweist;einer Einrichtung zum Bereitstellen (16) einer spektralen Darstellung des Wasserzeichensignals, wobei die spektrale Darstellung des Wasserzeichensignals eine Mehrzahl von Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerten aufweist;einer Einrichtung zum Verarbeiten (22) der spektralen Darstellung des Wasserzeichensignals abhängig von einer psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle (24) des Audiosignals, um ein verarbeitetes Wasserzeichensignal zu erhalten, so daß eine durch das verarbeitete Wasserzeichensignal in das Audiosignal eingefügte Störung unter einer vorbestimmten Störungsschwelle ist, die von der psychoakustischen Maskierungsschwelle abhängt; undeiner Einrichtung zum Kombinieren (18) des verarbeiteten Wasserzeichensignals und des Audiosignals, um ein Wasserzeichen-behaftetes Audiosignal zu erhalten, in das das Wasserzeichen eingebettet ist,eine Einrichtung zum Wählen (26) eines vorbestimmten Wasserzeichen-Startwerts, der von der spektralen Darstellung des Wasserzeichensignals abhängt;eine Einrichtung zum Ermitteln (28) einer durch den vorbestimmten Wasserzeichen-Startwert in die spektrale Darstellung des Audiosignals nach einer Quantisierung der spektralen Darstellung des Audiosignals eingeführten Störung;eine Einrichtung (32) zum Feststellen, ob die durch den Wasserzeichen-Startwert eingeführte Störung größer als die vorbestimmte Störungsschwelle ist; undeine Einrichtung (34) zum Verändern der Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerte, bis die durch einen veränderten Wasserzeichen-Startwert in die spektrale Darstellung des Audiosignals nach der Quantisierung eingeführte Störung kleiner oder gleich der vorbestimmten Störschwelle ist, und zum Verwenden der veränderten Wasserzeichen-Spektralwerte als das verarbeitete Wasserzeichensignal.
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DE10129239A DE10129239C1 (de) | 2001-06-18 | 2001-06-18 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Einbetten eines Wasserzeichens in ein Audiosignal |
PCT/EP2002/005173 WO2002103695A2 (de) | 2001-06-18 | 2002-05-10 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum einbetten eines wasserzeichens in ein audiosignal |
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EP (1) | EP1382038B1 (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2002103695A2 (de) |
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WO2002103695A3 (de) | 2003-05-22 |
US7346514B2 (en) | 2008-03-18 |
WO2002103695A2 (de) | 2002-12-27 |
DE50203511D1 (de) | 2005-08-04 |
US20040184369A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
ATE298921T1 (de) | 2005-07-15 |
DE10129239C1 (de) | 2002-10-31 |
EP1382038A2 (de) | 2004-01-21 |
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