EP1380730B1 - Silencer - Google Patents

Silencer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1380730B1
EP1380730B1 EP03015086A EP03015086A EP1380730B1 EP 1380730 B1 EP1380730 B1 EP 1380730B1 EP 03015086 A EP03015086 A EP 03015086A EP 03015086 A EP03015086 A EP 03015086A EP 1380730 B1 EP1380730 B1 EP 1380730B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silencer according
elements
housing
silencer
deflecting elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP03015086A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1380730A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Weinhold
Peter Wintrich
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3w-Modellmotoren Weinhold & Wintrich GmbH
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3w-Modellmotoren Weinhold & Wintrich GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/086—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases
    • F01N1/088—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling having means to impart whirling motion to the gases using vanes arranged on gas flow path or gas flow tubes with tangentially directed apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/084—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a silencer for internal combustion engines with a flowed through by a flow medium, at least one housing chamber having housing, are arranged in the turbulence of the flow medium deflection along a housing main axis one behind the other and at a distance from each other stationary.
  • a silencer is known from GB 1 98, 229.
  • Chraräkteristisch for this known muffler is that it has lid-like inserts with some, approximately radially directed slots and on one side the slots bounding, notched edge portions.
  • a flow profile is to be achieved, which is shown in a figure of this document and hardly theoretical considerations. For this reason, the desired sound insulation effect does not occur, with the result that it is only a matter of prior art.
  • the inner wall of the housing is also provided with a layer of sound-absorbing material.
  • the last, disposed in the flow direction Dämmsegment is formed as a closed disc having an outer diameter which is smaller than the inner diameter of the housing.
  • All Dämmsegmente are absolutely flat and all fan-wheel-like discs have four large-area wing elements, which are all the same angle to the main flow direction.
  • the fan-wheel-like disks are elements which, in terms of shape and shape, are reminiscent of the typical shape of a ship's propeller.
  • the invention has the object to provide a muffler for internal combustion engines, which is particularly simple and on the one hand consists of simply designed elements and on the other hand is particularly effective and variable, so that it can also be easily adapted to different operating conditions.
  • the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 provides that the deflectors are diegelradartig and like a turbine stator each vane-shaped vanes and slots and that the vane-like vanes of adjacent deflecting elements for generating an axial direction of the flow Overlying circulation flow between the deflecting elements are respectively set opposite / angled.
  • the degree of soundproofing can also be influenced relatively easily by the use of more or fewer deflecting elements or silencer stages.
  • a silencer 1 comprises a housing 2, with at least one housing part or a housing chamber.
  • the housing 2 is formed by a cup-shaped head piece 3 serving as a housing chamber with a front end wall 4 and by a cup-shaped housing part 5 which also serves as a housing chamber.
  • the housing 2 further has a cylindrical peripheral wall 6 and at one end an end wall 7.
  • the housing part 5 is with its open end under the mounting edge 8 of the head piece 3 to the plant inserted. In the installed position, the head piece 3 and the housing part 5 are firmly connected.
  • fastening means 10 are provided, which extend through the fastening holes 9. As fasteners 10 are bolts or rivets into consideration.
  • a support tube 11 with a circular cross-section along a housing axis.
  • the support tube 11 projects with its one end through the end wall 4 to the outside and there forms an inlet pipe, while its other, also open end at a distance in front of the end wall 7 (Fig. 1) inside the housing 2 ends.
  • the gaseous medium / exhaust gas flows through the support tube 11 into the housing 2 and exits through an outlet / outflow 12 from the housing 2.
  • This outflow 12 can be mounted in a radial arrangement on the head piece 3 and open to the outside and to the interior of the housing 2 out.
  • Each vane-like deflecting element 13 to 16 forms a muffler stage and has a plurality of vane or vane-like guide elements 18.
  • the deflecting elements 13 to 16 ' are disk-shaped and slotted bodies 17', each having about 20 guide vane-like guide elements 18.
  • the deflecting elements 13 and the disc-shaped, slotted body 17 ' with their guide vane-like guide elements in one piece. In the housing 2, they extend to the cylindrical peripheral wall. 6
  • each deflecting element 13 to 16 are inclined or bent at a uniform angle of attack ⁇ of, for example, 15 ° (preferably between ° and °) relative to the respectively associated radial planes 19.
  • the angle of attack ⁇ respectively adjacent deflection are made positive or negative, as is apparent from Fig. 2.
  • An originally substantially axially directed flow is therefore deflected respectively.
  • the disk-shaped bodies 17 ' are flat sheet metal rings and receive slices 18' which are narrow as well as radially and straight from the outside to the inside as a disk blank.
  • the guide elements 18 are due to the slots 18 'and because of the circular ring shape of the disc-shaped body 17' each circular-sector-shaped. Due to the positive and / or negative angle of the vanes are slot-shaped passage openings in each deflector with the result that the gaseous medium can flow independently of the respective distractions in the longitudinal direction of the housing 2 through the deflecting elements 13 to 16.
  • the housing 2 of the muffler 1 does not have to be completely covered with guide elements 18 having deflection elements corresponding to the elements 13 to 16.
  • the deflecting elements 13 to 16, 16 'for swirling the flow medium along the housing main axis 19' are arranged one behind the other and at a distance from one another, the housing 2 preferably still has a completely unoccupied housing chamber part 2 '.
  • the housing chamber part 2 ' serves as a calming section.
  • a comparatively short support tube 11 (for four deflecting elements) 13 to 16 is provided in connection with a comparatively long housing part 5, which is two or even three times the number could absorb deflecting elements. Therefore, it may be useful to exploit the possibilities resulting from the compact design options in conjunction with the variation of the number of deflecting to provide for the head piece 3 different housing parts 2 and support tubes 11 with graduated length, which are then assembled depending on the particular application ,
  • deflection elements with guide elements 18 can be provided in adaptation to the conditions of the individual case for selection, which are different in terms of their number, shape and angle of attack.
  • FIGS. 1 and 5 four or five muffler stages 25 are provided in each case. Depending on the respective conditions, however, more or fewer muffler stages 25 can also be arranged along the central support tube 11 / support element 24.
  • the silencer according to the invention also has a very low flow resistance compared to conventional silencers.
  • the deflecting elements can be made of metal and have solid or permeable guide elements, for example in the form of a fine-meshed expanded grid. Furthermore come as materials and plastics or composite materials into consideration.
  • the deflection elements 13 to 16 ' also prevent a backflow in the sound damper 1, which has a thermally favorable effect in the case of an internal combustion engine.
  • variable arrangement and the variable number of deflecting elements in conjunction with variable angles of attack can also filter out certain frequencies or generate desired vibrations.
  • valuable damping properties of the muffler is comparatively simple and compact.
  • the ends of the guide elements 18 which are remote from the housing main axis 19 ' are more inclined than their ends close to the housing main axis 19' or that the guide elements 18 can be twisted at least partially.
  • the vane-wheel-type deflecting elements of the exemplary embodiments preferably have production-oriented, short, circumferentially directed slots 18 "in the foot region of the guide vane-like guide elements 18.
  • each guide element 18 only has a narrow web which is not visible in the figures This is achieved by virtue of the fact that, if required, each wing-like guide element 18 can be given a completely flat, planar shape in spite of the angle of attack .alpha.
  • the guide elements 18 can be additionally soldered punctiform on the hub portion 17 or on the support tube 11 / on the support member 24 after slotting in the circumferential direction in the foot area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

The silencer has diverting elements (13, 14, 15, 16) in the form of disk-shaped elements (17) with slots in them. They extend over the clear cross section of the casing (2). Guide elements (18) of the adjacent diverting element bounding the slot divert the flow in different ways relative to the casing axis (19').

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schalldämpfer für Verbrennungsmotoren mit einem von einem Strömungsmediums durchströmten, mindestens eine Gehäusekammer aufweisenden Gehäuse, in dem für Verwirbelung des Strömungsmediums dienende Umlenkelemente längs einer Gehäusehauptachse hintereinander sowie in Abstand voneinander ortsfest angeordnet sind. Ein derartiger Schalldämpfer ist aus GB 1 98, 229 bekannt.The invention relates to a silencer for internal combustion engines with a flowed through by a flow medium, at least one housing chamber having housing, are arranged in the turbulence of the flow medium deflection along a housing main axis one behind the other and at a distance from each other stationary. Such a silencer is known from GB 1 98, 229.

Chraräkteristisch für diesen bekannten Schalldämpfer ist, dass er deckelartige Einsätze mit einigen, etwa radial gerichteten Schlitzen und einseitig die Schlitze begrenzenden, ausgeklinkten Randteilen aufweist. Hiermit soll ein Strömungsverlauf erzielt werden, der in einer Figur dieser Druckschrift dargestellt ist und kaum theoretischen Überlegungen gerecht wird. Aus diesem Grund tritt auch der gewünschte Schalldämm-Effekt nicht ein mit der Folge, dass es sich hier nur um einen papierenen Stand der Technik handelt.Chraräkteristisch for this known muffler is that it has lid-like inserts with some, approximately radially directed slots and on one side the slots bounding, notched edge portions. Hereby, a flow profile is to be achieved, which is shown in a figure of this document and hardly theoretical considerations. For this reason, the desired sound insulation effect does not occur, with the result that it is only a matter of prior art.

Ferner ist aus der DE 197 56 468 C1 ein Wirbelstrom-Schalldämpfer mit einem Gehäuse und in dem Gehäuse angeordneten Dämmelementen bekannt. Es sind ortsfest angeordnete, lüfterradähnliche Scheiben vorgesehen, die eine Verwirbelung des in das Gehäuse strömenenden, gasförmigen Mediums bewirken. Mehrere lüfterradähnliche Scheiben sind in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet, wobei femer zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Scheiben ortsfest angeordnete, scheibenartige Dämmsegmente aus einem Schalldämmwerkstoff mit freien Durchtrittsöffnungen vorgesehen sind.Furthermore, from DE 197 56 468 C1 discloses an eddy-current muffler with a housing and arranged in the housing insulating elements known. There are fixedly arranged, fan-like discs provided which cause turbulence of the flowing into the housing, gaseous medium. Several fan-wheel-like discs are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction, wherein further between two successive discs fixedly arranged, disc-like Dämmsegmente of a sound insulation material with free passage openings are provided.

Auch die Innenwand des Gehäuses ist mit einer Schicht aus schalldämmendem Werkstoff versehen.The inner wall of the housing is also provided with a layer of sound-absorbing material.

Das letzte, in Strömungsrichtung angeordnete Dämmsegment ist als geschlossene Scheibe ausgebildet, die einen Außendurchmesser aufweist, der kleiner ist als der Innendurchmesser des Gehäuses.The last, disposed in the flow direction Dämmsegment is formed as a closed disc having an outer diameter which is smaller than the inner diameter of the housing.

Alle Dämmsegmente sind absolut eben und alle lüfterradähnlichen Scheiben weisen vier großflächige Flügelelemente auf, die schließlich alle gleichartig zur Hauptströmungsrichtung angewinkelt sind.All Dämmsegmente are absolutely flat and all fan-wheel-like discs have four large-area wing elements, which are all the same angle to the main flow direction.

Vor allem handelt es sich bei den lüfterradähnlichen Scheiben um Elemente, die bezüglich Form und Gestalt an die typische Form eines Schiffspropellers erinnern.Above all, the fan-wheel-like disks are elements which, in terms of shape and shape, are reminiscent of the typical shape of a ship's propeller.

Gegenüber diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde einen Schalldämpfer für Verbrennungsmotoren zu schaffen, der besonders einfach aufgebaut ist und einerseits aus einfach gestalteten Elementen besteht und andererseits besonders wirkungsvoll und variabel ist, so dass er auch leicht an unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen angepasst werden kann.Compared to this prior art, the invention has the object to provide a muffler for internal combustion engines, which is particularly simple and on the one hand consists of simply designed elements and on the other hand is particularly effective and variable, so that it can also be easily adapted to different operating conditions.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teiles von Patentanspruch 1 vor, dass die Umlenkelemente flügelradartig sind und wie ein Turbinenleitrad jeweils leitschaufelartig gestaltete Leitelemente und Schlitze aufweisen und dass die leitschaufelartigen Leitelemente von benachbarten Umlenkelementen zur Erzeugung einer die axiale Richtung der Strömung überlagernden Zirkulationsströmung zwischen den Umlenkelementen jeweils entgegengesetzt angestellt/angewinkelt sind.To solve this problem, the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 provides that the deflectors are Flügelradartig and like a turbine stator each vane-shaped vanes and slots and that the vane-like vanes of adjacent deflecting elements for generating an axial direction of the flow Overlying circulation flow between the deflecting elements are respectively set opposite / angled.

Mit Hilfe der zitierten Merkmale wurde die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe erfolgreich gelöst, wobei es möglich ist, auf zusätzliches Schalldämm-Material zu Verzichten.With the help of the cited features, the object underlying the invention has been successfully achieved, wherein it is possible to dispense with additional sound insulation material.

Auch lässt sich der Schalldämmgrad relativ leicht beeinflussen durch die Venvendung von mehr oder weniger Umlenkelementen bzw. Schalldämpferstufen.The degree of soundproofing can also be influenced relatively easily by the use of more or fewer deflecting elements or silencer stages.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung und besondere Ausgestaltungen gehen aus Unteransprüchen im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung hervor.Further features of the invention and particular embodiments will become apparent from dependent claims in connection with the description and the drawings.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind, näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigen jeweils schematisch:

Fig. 1:
einen Schalldämpfer im Schnitt;
Fig. 2:
eine andere Ansicht des Schalldämpfers gemäss Fig. 1 mit teilweise weggebrochenem Gehäuse und in vereinfachter Darstellung;
Fig. 3:
eine perspektivische Darstellung in größerem Maßstab eines abgewandelten Schalldämpfers mit gestrichelt angedeutetem Gehäuse und mit fünf explosionsartig auseinandergezogen dargestellten, scheibenförmigen und Leitelemente aufweisenden Umlenkelementen;
Fig. 4:
in nochmals größerem Maßstab eine der Fig. 3 entsprechende Darstellung mit sich in der Betriebsstellung befindenden Umlenkelementen mit fünf Stufen beziehungsweise Umlenkelementen und mit zum Teil unterschiedlichem, achsialem Abstand zueinander und
Fig. 5:
zum Teil geschnitten einen gegenüber Fig. 1 geringfügig abgewandten Schalldämpfer mit einer alternativen Durchflußrichtung.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. In each case show schematically:
Fig. 1:
a silencer in section;
Fig. 2:
another view of the muffler according to Figure 1 with partially broken housing and in a simplified representation ..;
3:
a perspective view on a larger scale of a modified muffler with dashed lines indicated housing and with five exploded exploded, disc-shaped and guide elements having deflecting elements;
4:
in an even larger scale one of the Fig. 3 corresponding representation with located in the operating position deflecting elements with five stages or deflecting elements and with sometimes different, axial distance from each other and
Fig. 5:
partly cut opposite to Fig. 1 slightly remote from the muffler with an alternative flow direction.

Ein Schalldämpfer 1 umfaßt ein Gehäuse 2, mit mindestens einem Gehäuseteil bzw. einer Gehäusekammer. Das Gehäuse 2 wird von einem als Gehäusekammer dienenden, topförmigen Kopfstück 3 mit einer vorderen Stirnwand 4 und von einem ebenfalls als Gehäusekammer dienenden, becherförmigen Gehäuseteil 5 gebildet. Das Gehäuse 2 weist ferner eine zylindrische Umfangswand 6 und an seinem einen Ende eine Stirnwand 7 auf.A silencer 1 comprises a housing 2, with at least one housing part or a housing chamber. The housing 2 is formed by a cup-shaped head piece 3 serving as a housing chamber with a front end wall 4 and by a cup-shaped housing part 5 which also serves as a housing chamber. The housing 2 further has a cylindrical peripheral wall 6 and at one end an end wall 7.

Am Kopfstück 3 befindet sich gemäß den in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen ein Befestigungsrand 8 mit einem geringfügig größeren Durchmesser und mit in Umfangsrichtung verteilten Befestigungsbohrungen 9. Das Gehäuseteil 5 ist mit seinem offenen Ende unter den Befestigungsrand 8 des Kopfstücks 3 bis zur Anlage eingeschoben. In der Einbaulage sind das Kopfstück 3 und das Gehäuseteil 5 fest miteinander verbunden. Dazu sind Befestigungsmittel 10 vorgesehen, die sich durch die Befestigungsbohrungen 9 erstrecken. Als Befestigungsmittel 10 kommen Schraubbolzen oder auch Nieten in Betracht.On the head piece 3 is in accordance with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a mounting edge 8 with a slightly larger diameter and circumferentially distributed mounting holes 9. The housing part 5 is with its open end under the mounting edge 8 of the head piece 3 to the plant inserted. In the installed position, the head piece 3 and the housing part 5 are firmly connected. For this purpose, fastening means 10 are provided, which extend through the fastening holes 9. As fasteners 10 are bolts or rivets into consideration.

Durch die kopfseitige Stirnwand 4 und das Kopfstück 3 erstreckt sich gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel ein Tragrohr 11 mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt längs einer Gehäuseachse. Das Tragrohr 11 ragt mit seinem einen Ende durch die Stirnwand 4 nach außen und bildet dort einen Einlaßstutzen, während sein anderes, ebenfalls offenes Ende im Abstand vor der Stirnwand 7 (Fig. 1) innen im Gehäuse 2 endet.By the head-side end wall 4 and the head piece 3 extends according to embodiment, a support tube 11 with a circular cross-section along a housing axis. The support tube 11 projects with its one end through the end wall 4 to the outside and there forms an inlet pipe, while its other, also open end at a distance in front of the end wall 7 (Fig. 1) inside the housing 2 ends.

Im Betriebszustand strömt das gasförmige Medium/Abgas durch das Tragrohr 11 in das Gehäuse 2 ein und tritt durch einen Auslaßstutzen/Ausströmstutzen 12 aus dem Gehäuse 2 aus. Dieser Ausströmstutzen 12 kann in radialer Anordnung am Kopfstück 3 befestigt und nach außen und zum Inneren des Gehäuses 2 hin offen sein.In the operating state, the gaseous medium / exhaust gas flows through the support tube 11 into the housing 2 and exits through an outlet / outflow 12 from the housing 2. This outflow 12 can be mounted in a radial arrangement on the head piece 3 and open to the outside and to the interior of the housing 2 out.

Als Schalldämm-/beziehungsweise Verwirbelungselelemente sind gemäß den in den Fig. 1 und 2 sowie 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen vier flügelradartige Umlenkelemente 13, 14, 15 beziehungsweise 16 vorgesehen. Sie können gemäß Auführungsbeispiel jeweils mit einem buchsen- oder ring- förmigen Nabenteil 17 auf das Tragrohr 11 aufgeschoben sein. Sie sind drehfest beziehungsweise ortsfest auf dem Tragrohr 11 angeordnet, wobei dies durch eine form- oder reibungsschlüssige Verbindung zwischen den Nabenteilen 17 und dem Tragrohr 11 oder auch durch eine gesonderte Arretierung erreicht werden kann.As Schalldämm- / or Verwirbelungselelemente four Flügelradartige deflecting elements 13, 14, 15 and 16 are provided according to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 5. According to the embodiment, they can each be pushed onto the support tube 11 with a sleeve-shaped or ring-shaped hub part 17. They are rotatably or fixedly arranged on the support tube 11, wherein this can be achieved by a positive or frictional connection between the hub parts 17 and the support tube 11 or by a separate lock.

Jedes flügelradartige Umlenkelement 13 bis 16 bildet eine Schalldämpferstufe und weist mehrere flügel- beziehungsweise leitschaufelartige Leitlelemente 18 auf. Gemäß den in den Fig. 1 bis 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen sind die Umlenkelemente 13 bis 16' jeweils scheibenförmige sowie geschlitzte Körper 17' mit jeweils ca. 20 leitschaufelartigen Leitelementen 18. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Umlenkelemente 13 beziehungsweise, die scheibenförmigen, geschlitzten Körper 17' mit ihren leitschaufelartigen Leitelementen jeweils einstückig. Im Gehäuse 2 erstrecken sie sich bis an die zylindrische Umfangswand 6.Each vane-like deflecting element 13 to 16 forms a muffler stage and has a plurality of vane or vane-like guide elements 18. According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the deflecting elements 13 to 16 'are disk-shaped and slotted bodies 17', each having about 20 guide vane-like guide elements 18. Conveniently, the deflecting elements 13 and the disc-shaped, slotted body 17 'with their guide vane-like guide elements in one piece. In the housing 2, they extend to the cylindrical peripheral wall. 6

Die Leitelemente 18 eines jeden Umlenkelementes 13 bis 16 sind unter einem einheitlichen Anstellwinkel α von zum Beispiel 15° (vorzugsweise zwischen ° und °) gegenüber den jeweils zugehörigen Radialebenen 19 geneigt beziehungsweise angewinkelt. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Anstellwinkel α jeweils benachbarter Umlenkelemente positiv oder negativ angestellt, wie dies aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht. Eine ursprünglich im Wesentlichen axial gerichtete Strömung wird daher jeweils entsprechend abgelenkt.The guide elements 18 of each deflecting element 13 to 16 are inclined or bent at a uniform angle of attack α of, for example, 15 ° (preferably between ° and °) relative to the respectively associated radial planes 19. Conveniently, the angle of attack α respectively adjacent deflection are made positive or negative, as is apparent from Fig. 2. An originally substantially axially directed flow is therefore deflected respectively.

Im Ausgangszustand sind die scheibenförmigen Körper 17' flache Blechringe und erhalten als Scheibenrohling schmale sowie sich radial und geradlinig von außen nach innen erstreckende Schlitze 18'. Die Leitelemente 18 sind wegen der Schlitze 18' und wegen der Kreisringform der scheibenförmigen Körper 17' jeweils kreisring-sektorförmig. Aufgrund der positiven und/oder negativen Anstellwinkel der Leitelemente befinden sich schlitzförmige Durchtrittsöffnungen in jedem Umlenkelement mit der Folge, daß das gasförmige Medium unabhängig von den jeweiligen Ablenkungen in Längrichtung des Gehäuses 2 durch die Umlenkelemente 13 bis 16 strömen kann.In the initial state, the disk-shaped bodies 17 'are flat sheet metal rings and receive slices 18' which are narrow as well as radially and straight from the outside to the inside as a disk blank. The guide elements 18 are due to the slots 18 'and because of the circular ring shape of the disc-shaped body 17' each circular-sector-shaped. Due to the positive and / or negative angle of the vanes are slot-shaped passage openings in each deflector with the result that the gaseous medium can flow independently of the respective distractions in the longitudinal direction of the housing 2 through the deflecting elements 13 to 16.

Die Darstellungen in den Fig. zeigen, daß das Gehäuse 2 des Schalldämpfers 1 nicht vollständig mit Leitelemente 18 aufweisenden Umlenkelementen entsprechend den Elementen 13 bis 16 belegt sein muß. Obwohl die Umlenkelemente 13 bis 16, 16' zur Verwirbelung des Strömungsmediums längs der Gehäusehauptachse 19' hintereinander sowie im Abstand voneinander ortsfest angeordnet sind, weist das Gehäuse 2 vorzugsweise dennoch ein völlig unbelegtes Gehäusekammerteil 2' auf. Das Gehäusekammerteil 2' dient als Beruhigungsstrecke.The illustrations in the figures show that the housing 2 of the muffler 1 does not have to be completely covered with guide elements 18 having deflection elements corresponding to the elements 13 to 16. Although the deflecting elements 13 to 16, 16 'for swirling the flow medium along the housing main axis 19' are arranged one behind the other and at a distance from one another, the housing 2 preferably still has a completely unoccupied housing chamber part 2 '. The housing chamber part 2 'serves as a calming section.

In den Fig. 1 und 2 ist ein vergleichsweise kurzes Tragrohr 11 (für vier Umlenkelemente) 13 bis 16 in Verbindung mit einem vergleichsweise langen Gehäuseteil 5 vorgesehen, das die zwei- oder gar dreifache Anzahl von Umlenkelementen aufnehmen könnte. Daher kann es zur Ausnutzung der sich aus der kompakten Bauweise ergebenden Möglichkeiten in Verbindung mit der Variation der Anzahl von Umlenkelementen sinnvoll sein, für das Kopfstück 3 verschiedene Gehäuseteile 2 und Tragrohre 11 mit abgestufter Länge vorzusehen, die dann in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweiligen Anwendungsfall zusammengebaut werden.In FIGS. 1 and 2, a comparatively short support tube 11 (for four deflecting elements) 13 to 16 is provided in connection with a comparatively long housing part 5, which is two or even three times the number could absorb deflecting elements. Therefore, it may be useful to exploit the possibilities resulting from the compact design options in conjunction with the variation of the number of deflecting to provide for the head piece 3 different housing parts 2 and support tubes 11 with graduated length, which are then assembled depending on the particular application ,

Ebenso können in Anpassung an die Verhältnisse des Einzelfalles zur Auswahl auch Umlenkelemente mit Leitelementen 18 vorgesehen werden, die hinsichtlich ihrer Anzahl, ihrer Form und ihres Anstellwinkels verschieden sind.Likewise, deflection elements with guide elements 18 can be provided in adaptation to the conditions of the individual case for selection, which are different in terms of their number, shape and angle of attack.

Während die Strömungsrichtung des gasförmigen Mediums bei dem in Fig. 1 als Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellten Schalldämpfer 1 von der außen liegenden Öffnung des Tragrohres 11 in das Innere des becherförmigen Gehäuseteiles 5 gerichtet ist und das Gas dann durch die Umlenkelemente der verschiedenen Stufen zum Ausströmstutzen 12 fließt, befindet sich bei dem in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Einlaßstutzen 20 am einen Ende 21 des becherförmigen Gehäuseteiles 5, während ein Auslaßstutzen 22 koaxial am anderen Ende 23 des becherförmigen Gehäuseteiles 5 - oder umgekehrt an seinem topfförmigen Kopfstück 3 - angeordnet ist. Ein rechtwinklig abzweigender Ausströmstutzen 12 wie bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist daher nicht zwingend notwendig.While the flow direction of the gaseous medium in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 muffler 1 is directed from the outer opening of the support tube 11 in the interior of the cup-shaped housing part 5 and the gas then flows through the deflection of the various stages to Ausströmstutzen 12 is located in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, an inlet port 20 at one end 21 of the cup-shaped housing part 5, while an outlet 22 is arranged coaxially at the other end 23 of the cup-shaped housing part 5 - or vice versa on its cup-shaped head piece 3. A right angle branching outflow 12 as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is therefore not absolutely necessary.

Auch die Funktion des zugleich als Einlaßstutzen dienenden Tragrohres 11 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 entfällt bei dem Schalldämpfer gemäß Fig. 5, denn dort dient ein zentrisch angeordneter Träger beziehungsweise ein Tragelement 24 ausschließlich zum Tragen und/oder Verbinden der aus Umlenkelementen 13 bis 16 bestehenden Schalldämpferstufen 25.The function of the same time serving as an inlet pipe support tube 11 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is omitted in the muffler of FIG. 5, because there is a centrally arranged support or a support member 24 exclusively for supporting and / or connecting the deflection elements 13 to 16th Existing silencer stages 25.

Gemäß den in den Fig. 1 und 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen sind jeweils vier oder fünf Schalldämpferstufen 25 vorgesehen. Entsprechend den jeweiligen Verhältnissen können aber auch mehr oder weniger Schalldämpferstufen 25 längs des zentralen Tragrohres 11/Tragelementes 24 angeordnet sein.According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, four or five muffler stages 25 are provided in each case. Depending on the respective conditions, however, more or fewer muffler stages 25 can also be arranged along the central support tube 11 / support element 24.

Sehr wesentlich ist, daß der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer auch einen nur sehr geringen Strömungswiderstand im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Schalldämpfern besitzt.It is very important that the silencer according to the invention also has a very low flow resistance compared to conventional silencers.

Grundsätzlich können die Umlenkelemente aus Metall bestehen und massive oder durchlässige Leitelemente beispielsweise in Form eines feinmaschigen Streckgitters aufweisen. Ferner kommen als Werkstoffe auch Kunststoffe oder Komposit-Werkstoffe in Betracht.In principle, the deflecting elements can be made of metal and have solid or permeable guide elements, for example in the form of a fine-meshed expanded grid. Furthermore come as materials and plastics or composite materials into consideration.

Die Umlenkelemente 13 bis 16' verhindern schließlich auch einen Rückstau im Schalldämper 1, was sich im Falle eines Verbrennungsmotors thermisch günstig auswirkt.Finally, the deflection elements 13 to 16 'also prevent a backflow in the sound damper 1, which has a thermally favorable effect in the case of an internal combustion engine.

Auch durch die variable Anordnung und die variable Anzahl der Umlenkelemente in Verbindung mit variablen Anstellwinkeln in weitem Umfang von positiven und negativen Winkelgrößen lassen sich auch bestimmte Frequenzen herausfiltern oder gewollte Schwingungen erzeugen. Im Hinblick auf die wertvollen Dämpfungseigenschaften ist der Schalldämpfer vergleichsweise einfach und kompakt aufgebaut.Also by the variable arrangement and the variable number of deflecting elements in conjunction with variable angles of attack to a large extent of positive and negative angle sizes can also filter out certain frequencies or generate desired vibrations. With regard to the valuable damping properties of the muffler is comparatively simple and compact.

Ferner ist charakteristisch, daß die entfernt zur Gehäusehauptachse 19' angeordneten Enden der Leitelemente 18 stärker angewinkelt sind als ihre nahe bei der Gehäusehauptachse 19' befindlichen Enden beziehungsweise daß die Leitelemente 18 zumindest teilweise in sich verdreht sein können.Furthermore, it is characteristic that the ends of the guide elements 18 which are remote from the housing main axis 19 'are more inclined than their ends close to the housing main axis 19' or that the guide elements 18 can be twisted at least partially.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die in den Fig. konkret dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, vielmehr sind mannigfache Abwandlungen möglich, ohne von dem grundsätzlichen Erfindungsgedanken abzuweichen.The invention is not limited to the embodiments specifically illustrated in the figures, but manifold modifications are possible without departing from the basic inventive concept.

Grundsätzlich Gleiches gilt auch für die Art der Verwendung des Schalldämpfers, die nicht auf bestimmte Verbrennungsmotoren beschränkt ist, sondern ganz allgemein als Schalldämpfer einsetzbar ist, wobei dies insbesondere auch zur Verwendung für Modellflugzeuge beziehungsweise für Motoren mit hohen Drehzahlen gilt.Basically, the same applies to the type of use of the muffler, which is not limited to certain internal combustion engines, but is generally applicable as a muffler, which applies in particular for use for model airplanes or engines with high speeds.

Wie aus den Fig. hervorgeht weisen die flügelradartigen Umlenkelemente der Ausführungsbeispiele vorzugsweise herstellungsbedingt im Fußbereich der leitschaufelartigen Leitelemente 18 entgegengesetzte, kurze, in Umfangsrichtung gerichtete Schlitze 18" auf. Dadurch ist jedes Leitelement 18 nur noch über einen schmalen, in den Fig. nicht sichtbaren Steg mit dem Nabenteil 17 verbunden. Erreicht wird hierdurch, daß bei Bedarf jedem flügelartigen Leitelement 18 trotz des Anstellwinkels α eine vollkommen ebene, flächige Gestalt gegeben werden kann.As can be seen from the figures, the vane-wheel-type deflecting elements of the exemplary embodiments preferably have production-oriented, short, circumferentially directed slots 18 "in the foot region of the guide vane-like guide elements 18. As a result, each guide element 18 only has a narrow web which is not visible in the figures This is achieved by virtue of the fact that, if required, each wing-like guide element 18 can be given a completely flat, planar shape in spite of the angle of attack .alpha.

Aus Festigkeitsgründen können die Leitelemente 18 nach dem Einschlitzen in Umfangsrichtung im Fußbereich zusätzlich punktförmig am Nabenteil 17 beziehungsweise am Tragrohr 11/am Tragelement 24 angelötet werden.For reasons of strength, the guide elements 18 can be additionally soldered punctiform on the hub portion 17 or on the support tube 11 / on the support member 24 after slotting in the circumferential direction in the foot area.

Claims (19)

  1. Silencer for internal combustion engines, with a housing (2), which is passed through by a flow medium, has at least one housing chamber (3, 5) and in which deflecting elements (13 - 16) extend over the clear cross section and, in the main direction of flow, are arranged one behind another along a housing axis (19') and at a distance from one another in a fixed position with respect to the respectively opposed deflection of the flow medium,
    respective disc-shaped bodies (17') which have slots (18') and guiding elements (18) bounding the slots (18') being provided as the deflecting elements (13 - 16), characterized
    a) in that the deflecting elements (13 - 16) are in the manner of impellers, and
    b) like a turbine stator, in each case have guiding elements (18), configured in the manner of guide vanes, and slots (18'), and
    c) in that the guiding elements (18), which are in the manner of guide vanes, of adjacent deflecting elements (13 - 16) are set/angled in an opposed manner in each case in order, between the deflecting elements (13 - 16), to produce a circulation flow superimposed on the axial direction of the flow.
  2. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that part of the housing chamber (5) is provided as a steadying zone.
  3. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the disc-shaped bodies (17') are in each case slit rectilinearly.
  4. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that all of the guiding elements (18) of a disc-shaped body (17') are angled in the same direction.
  5. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that those ends of the guiding elements (18) which are arranged remotely with respect to the main axis (19') of the housing are angled more sharply than their ends which are situated close to the main axis (19') of the housing.
  6. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the guiding elements (18) are at least partially twisted in themselves.
  7. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the disc-shaped body (17') as a blank is in the shape of a circular ring.
  8. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the guiding elements (18) are in the shape of a sector of a circular ring.
  9. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting elements (13 to 16) are arranged with their guiding elements (18) between housing chamber parts (2') and (3') without deflecting elements.
  10. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting elements (13 to 16) each form a silencer stage.
  11. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized by the arrangement of three to five or more deflecting elements (13 to 16), each forming a silencer stage.
  12. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that each silencer stage/each deflecting element has circa 10 to 40, preferably approximately 20, guiding elements (18), in each case in the shape of a sector of a circular ring in the layout.
  13. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting elements (13 to 16) each integrally have a hub part (17) and, radially outwards therefrom, slots (18') and the guiding elements (18) in the manner of guide vanes.
  14. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting elements (13 to 16) are in each case arranged on a support pipe (11) conducting the gaseous medium.
  15. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting elements (13 to 16) having guiding elements (18) are in each case manufactured as disc-shaped bodies (17') composed of flat sheet-metal rings and, as disc blanks, have narrow slots (18') extending radially and rectilinearly from the outside to the inside.
  16. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the angles of inclination which are inclined in opposite directions (from +α' to -α) have the same absolute angle value.
  17. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting elements (13 to 16) are arranged with a hub part (17) on a supporting element (11)/support (24) arranged centrally in the housing (2).
  18. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the axial length of the housing (2) and/or of a housing part (3, 5) is dimensioned in such a manner that a different number of deflecting elements (13 to 16) matched to the particular use situation can be fitted.
  19. Silencer according to Claim 1, characterized by its use for the internal combustion engine of a model plane.
EP03015086A 2002-07-04 2003-07-03 Silencer Expired - Lifetime EP1380730B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10230044A DE10230044A1 (en) 2002-07-04 2002-07-04 silencer
DE10230044 2002-07-04

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EP1380730A1 EP1380730A1 (en) 2004-01-14
EP1380730B1 true EP1380730B1 (en) 2006-05-24

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AT (1) ATE327420T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10230044A1 (en)

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FR2852354B1 (en) * 2003-03-13 2006-08-04 Giat Ind Sa DEVICE FOR EXHAUST GAS DILUTION
AU2003903386A0 (en) * 2003-07-02 2003-07-17 Pax Scientific, Inc Fluid flow control device
DE10336175B4 (en) * 2003-08-07 2012-07-12 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg exhaust silencer
US20090045007A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2009-02-19 Counts Paul H Muffler with cyclonic plates
ES2304329B1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-09-16 Pedro Claverias Torres DEVICE FOR THE CONFORMATION OF FORMWORK.
ES2350358B1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2011-11-08 Pedro Claverias Torres DEVICE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RECOVERY BOXES AND TABIQUES.
US7926256B2 (en) * 2008-10-27 2011-04-19 General Electric Company Inlet system for an EGR system
US8104572B2 (en) * 2010-01-22 2012-01-31 Butler Boyd L Spin muffler
DE112016000888T5 (en) 2015-02-24 2017-11-16 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Twin screw mixing system
US9534525B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2017-01-03 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Mixer assembly for exhaust aftertreatment system
CN108996482B (en) * 2018-07-18 2020-03-20 杭州科技职业技术学院 Silencer for PSA nitrogen making machine

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US1797310A (en) * 1931-03-24 Alfbed j
US1340158A (en) * 1917-11-19 1920-05-18 El Dorado Jones Exhaust-muffler
GB198229A (en) * 1922-06-20 1923-05-31 Reginald Ford Improvements in silencers for use with internal combustion engines
US1761971A (en) * 1928-06-25 1930-06-03 Gen Motors Corp Muffler
US1818469A (en) * 1930-01-06 1931-08-11 Elmer R Scott Muffler for engines
US2063270A (en) * 1935-06-03 1936-12-08 Bacchetti-Righetti Giorgio Silencer for internal combustion engines
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US2076827A (en) * 1936-04-21 1937-04-13 Ross Ruth Warren Exhaust muffler
US2359365A (en) * 1943-05-20 1944-10-03 Katcher Morris Muffler
DE848877C (en) 1950-08-18 1952-09-08 Ludwig Rauch Silencer for internal combustion engines
US2663378A (en) * 1950-12-11 1953-12-22 Keller William Baffle type muffler
SU317295A1 (en) * 1970-03-23 1986-02-23 Rubinshtejn Sh L Spark killing silencing device
JPS49128124A (en) * 1973-04-18 1974-12-07
JPS59158308A (en) * 1983-02-28 1984-09-07 Hisao Kojima Muffler
KR100306339B1 (en) * 1999-02-05 2001-09-13 이옥노 Muffler for internal combustion engine

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US7073626B2 (en) 2006-07-11
ATE327420T1 (en) 2006-06-15
DE50303435D1 (en) 2006-06-29
EP1380730A1 (en) 2004-01-14
DE10230044A1 (en) 2004-02-05
US20040065505A1 (en) 2004-04-08

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